CS8191 CS8191 Precision Air-Core Tach/Speedo Driver with Short Circuit Protection Features Description The CS8191 is specifically designed for use with 4 quadrant air-core meter movements. The IC includes an input comparator for sensing input frequency such as vehicle speed or engine RPM, a charge pump for frequency to voltage conversion, a bandgap reference for stable operation and a function generator with sine and cosine amplifiers that differentially drive the motor coils. The CS8191 has a higher torque output and better output signal symmetry than other competitive parts (CS289, and LM1819). It is protected against short circuit and overvoltage (60V) fault conditions. Enhanced circuitry permits functional operation down to 8V. Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage ( ² 100ms pulse transient) ...........................................VCC = 60V (continuous) ..................................................................VCC = 24V Operating Temperature Range ........................................................-40¡C to +105¡C Junction Temperature Range ...........................................................-40¡C to +150¡C Storage Temperature Range.............................................................-55¡C to +165¡C Electrostatic Discharge (Human Body Model) ...................................................4kV Lead Temperature Soldering Wave Solder (through hole styles only)..................10 sec. max, 260¡C peak Reflow (SMD styles only)...................60 sec. max above 183¡C, 230¡C peak Block Diagram BIAS FREQIN F/VOUT Ð SQOUT + CP+ Charge Pump CPInput Comp. + Ð VREG Voltage Regulator Gnd Gnd VREG 7.0V Gnd Gnd COS+ Ð + COS Output SINE+ Ð + Function Generator + SINE Output + Ð Ð SINE- COS- VCC High Voltage, Short Circuit Protection ■ Direct Sensor Input ■ High Output Torque ■ Wide Output Voltage Range ■ High Impedance Inputs ■ Accurate down to 10V VCC ■ Fault Protection Overvoltage Short Circuit ■ Low Voltage Operation Package Options 16 Lead PDIP (internally fused leads) VCC 1 16 F/VOUT VREG 2 15 CP+ BIAS 3 14 CP- Gnd 4 13 Gnd Gnd 5 12 Gnd COS- 6 11 COS+ SINE- 7 10 SINE+ FREQIN 8 9 SQOUT 20 Lead SOIC (internally fused leads) VCC 1 20 F/VOUT VREG 2 19 CP+ BIAS 3 18 CP- NC 4 17 NC Gnd 5 16 Gnd Gnd 6 15 Gnd NC 7 14 NC COS- 8 13 COS+ SIN- 9 12 SIN+ FREQIN 10 11 SQOUT Cherry Semiconductor Corporation 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich, RI 02818 Tel: (401)885-3600 Fax: (401)885-5786 Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.cherry-semi.com Rev 3/9/99 1 A ¨ Company CS8191 Electrical Characteristics: -40¡C ² TA ² 105¡C, 8V ² VCC ² 16V unless otherwise specified. PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT ■ Supply Voltage Section ICC Supply Current VCC = 16V, -40¡C, No Load VCC Normal Operation Range 70 125 mA 8.0 13.1 16.0 V 2.4 2.7 3.0 V ■ Input Comparator Section Positive Input Threshold Negative Input Threshold 2.0 2.3 Input Hysteresis 200 400 1000 mV -2 ±10 µA 20 kHz VCC V 0.40 V 10 µA Input Bias Current * 0V ² VIN ² 8V Input Frequency Range 0 Input Voltage Range in series with 1k½ Output VSAT ICC = 10mA Output Leakage VCC = 7V -1 0.15 Logic 0 Input Voltage V 2.0 V *Note: Input is clamped by an internal 12V Zener. ■ Voltage Regulator Section Output Voltage 6.50 7.00 7.50 V 10 mA 10 50 mV 20 150 mV Output Load Current Output Load Regulation 0 to 10 mA Output Line Regulation 8.0V ² VCC ² 16V Power Supply Rejection VCC = 13.1V, 1VP/P 1kHz 34 46 dB 1.5 2.0 2.5 V 40 150 nA 1.5 2.0 2.5 V 0.7 1.1 V -0.10 0.28 +0.70 % 7 10 13 mV/Hz ■ Charge Pump Section Inverting Input Voltage Input Bias Current VBIAS Input Voltage Non Invert. Input Voltage IIN = 1mA Linearity* @ 0, 87.5, 175, 262.5, + 350Hz F/VOUT Gain @ 350Hz, CT = 0.0033µF, RT = 243k½ Norton Gain, Positive IIN = 15µA 0.9 1.0 1.1 I/I Norton Gain, Negative IIN = -15µA 0.9 1.0 1.1 I/I *Note: Applies to % of full scale (270¡). ■ Function Generator Section: -40¡ ² TA ² 85¡C, VCC = 13.1V unless otherwise noted. Differential Drive Voltage (VCOS+ - VCOS-) 10V ² VCC ² 16V Q = 0¡ 7.5 8.0 8.5 V Differential Drive Voltage (VSIN+ - VSIN-) 10V ² VCC ² 16V Q = 90¡ 7.5 8.0 8.5 V Differential Drive Voltage (VCOS+ - VCOS-) 10V ² VCC ² 16V Q = 180¡ -8.5 -8.0 -7.5 V Differential Drive Voltage (VSIN+ - VSIN-) 10V ² VCC ² 16V Q = 270¡ -8.5 -8.0 -7.5 V Differential Drive Load 10V ² VCC ² 16V, -40¡C 25¡C 105¡C 178 239 314 Zero Hertz Output Voltage -0.08 2 ½ ½ ½ 0.0 +0.08 V PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT ■ Function Generator Section: continued Function Generator Error * Reference Figures 1 - 4 Q = 0¡ to 225¡ Q = 226¡ to 305¡ -2 -3 0 0 +2 +3 deg deg Function Generator Error 13.1V ² VCC ² 16V -1 0 +1 deg Function Generator Error 13.1V ² VCC ² 10V -1 0 +1 deg Function Generator Error 13.1V ² VCC ² 8.0V -7 0 +7 deg Function Generator Error 25¡C ² TA ² 80¡C -2 0 +2 deg Function Generator Error 25¡C ² TA ² 105¡C -4 0 +4 deg Function Generator Error Ð40¡C ² TA ² 25¡C -2 0 +2 deg Function Generator Gain TA = 25¡C, Q vs F/VOUT 60 77 95 ¡/V *Note: Deviation from nominal per Table 1 after calibration at 0¡ and 270¡. Package Lead Description PACKAGE LEAD # LEAD SYMBOL FUNCTION 16L PDIP 20L SO 1 1 VCC Ignition or battery supply voltage. 2 2 VREG Voltage regulator output. 3 3 BIAS Test point or zero adjustment. 4, 5, 12, 13 5, 6, 15, 16 Gnd Ground Connections. 6 8 COS- Negative cosine output signal. 7 9 SIN- Negative sine output signal. 8 10 FREQIN Speed or rpm input signal. 9 11 SQOUT Buffered square wave output signal. 10 12 SIN+ Positive sine output signal. 11 13 COS+ Positive cosine output signal. 14 18 CP- Negative input to charge pump. 15 19 CP+ Positive input to charge pump. F/VOUT Output voltage proportional to input signal frequency. NC No connection. 16 20 4, 7, 14, 17 Typical Performance Characteristics Figure 2: Charge Pump Output Voltage vs Output Angle Figure 1: Function Generator Output Voltage vs Degrees of Deflection F/VOUT = 2.0V + 2 FREQ ´ CT ´ RT ´ (VREG - 0.7) 7 7 6 5 6 COS 3 2 5 F/V Output (V) Output Voltage (V) 4 1 0 -1 -2 -3 4 3 2 -4 -5 1 SIN -6 -7 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 0 315 0 Degrees of Deflection (°) 45 90 135 180 225 Frequency/Output Angle (°) 3 270 315 CS8191 Electrical Characteristics: continued CS8191 Typical Performance Characteristics: continued Figure 4: Nominal Output Deviation Figure 3: Output Angle in Polar Form 1.50 7V 1.25 (VSINE+) - (VSINE-) 1.00 Q Deviation (°) 0.75 Angle +7V Ð7V 0.50 0.25 0.00 -0.25 -0.50 -0.75 (VCOS+) - (VCOS-) -1.00 -1.25 Q = ARCTAN [ VSIN+ Ð VSINVCOS+ Ð VCOS- ] -1.50 0 45 90 -7V 135 180 Theoretical Angle (°) 225 270 315 Nominal Angle vs. Ideal Angle (After calibrating at 180¡) Note: Temperature, voltage and nonlinearity not included. 45 40 35 Ideal Angle (Degrees) 30 25 20 Ideal Degrees 15 Nominal Degrees 10 5 0 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 Nominal Angle (Degrees) Table 1: Function Generator Output Nominal Angle vs. Ideal Angle (After calibrating at 270¡) Ideal Q Degrees Nominal Q Degrees 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0 1.09 2.19 3.29 4.38 5.47 6.56 7.64 8.72 9.78 10.84 11.90 12.94 13.97 14.99 16.00 17.00 Ideal Q Nominal Degrees Q Degrees 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 17.98 18.96 19.92 20.86 21.79 22.71 23.61 24.50 25.37 26.23 27.07 27.79 28.73 29.56 30.39 31.24 32.12 Ideal Q Nominal Degrees Q Degrees 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 50 55 60 65 70 33.04 34.00 35.00 36.04 37.11 38.21 39.32 40.45 41.59 42.73 43.88 45.00 50.68 56.00 60.44 64.63 69.14 Note: Temperature, voltage and nonlinearity not included. 4 Ideal Q Degrees Nominal Q Degrees 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 74.00 79.16 84.53 90.00 95.47 100.84 106.00 110.86 115.37 119.56 124.00 129.32 135.00 140.68 146.00 150.44 154.63 Ideal Q Nominal Degrees Q Degrees 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 159.14 164.00 169.16 174.33 180.00 185.47 190.84 196.00 200.86 205.37 209.56 214.00 219.32 225.00 230.58 236.00 240.44 Ideal Q Nominal Degrees Q Degrees 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 305 244.63 249.14 254.00 259.16 264.53 270.00 275.47 280.84 286.00 290.86 295.37 299.21 303.02 CS8191 Circuit Description and Application Notes The CS8191 is specifically designed for use with air-core meter movements. It includes an input comparator for sensing an input signal from an ignition pulse or speed sensor, a charge pump for frequency to voltage conversion, a bandgap voltage regulator for stable operation, and a function generator with sine and cosine amplifiers to differentially drive the motor coils. From the simplified block diagram of Figure 5A, the input signal is applied to the FREQIN lead, this is the input to a high impedance comparator with a typical positive input threshold of 2.7V and typical hysteresis of 0.4V. The output of the comparator, SQOUT, is applied to the charge pump input CP+ through an external capacitor CT. When the input signal changes state, CT is charged or discharged through R3 and R4. The charge accumulated on CT is mirrored to C4 by the Norton Amplifier circuit comprising of Q1, Q2 and Q3. The charge pump output voltage, F/VOUT, ranges from 2V to 6.3V depending on the input signal frequency and the gain of the charge pump according to the formula: Design Example Maximum meter Deflection = 270¡ Maximum Input Frequency = 350Hz 1. Select RT and CT Q = AGEN ´ ÆF/V ÆF/V = 2 ´ FREQ ´ CT ´ RT ´ (VREG Ð 0.7V) Q = 970 ´ FREQ ´ CT ´ RT Let CT = 0.0033µF, Find RT 270¡ RT = 970 ´ 350Hz ´ 0.0033µF RT = 243k½ RT should be a 250k½ potentiometer to trim out any inaccuracies due to IC tolerances or meter movement pointer placement. F/VOUT = 2.0V + 2 ´ FREQ ´ CT ´ RT ´ (VREG Ð 0.7V) 2. Select R3 and R4 Resistor R3 sets the output current from the voltage regulator. The maximum output current from the voltage regulator is 10mA, R3 must ensure that the current does not exceed this limit. RT is a potentiometer used to adjust the gain of the F/V output stage and give the correct meter deflection. The F/V output voltage is applied to the function generator which generates the sine and cosine output voltages. The output voltage of the sine and cosine amplifiers are derived from the on-chip amplifier and function generator circuitry. The various trip points for the circuit (i.e., 0¡, 90¡, 180¡, 270¡) are determined by an internal resistor divider and the bandgap voltage reference. The coils are differentially driven, allowing bidirectional current flow in the outputs, thus providing up to 305¡ range of meter deflection. Driving the coils differentially offers faster response time, higher current capability, higher output voltage swings, and reduced external component count. The key advantage is a higher torque output for the pointer. The output angle, Q, is equal to the F/V gain multiplied by the function generator gain: Q = AF/V ´ AFG, where: AFG = 77¡/V (typ) The relationship between input frequency and output angle is: Choose R3 = 3.3k½ The charge current for CT is: VREG Ð 0.7V = 1.90mA 3.3k½ C1 must charge and discharge fully during each cycle of the input signal. Time for one cycle at maximum frequency is 2.85ms. To ensure that CT is discharged, assume that the (R3 + R4) CT time constant is less than 10% of the minimum input frequency pulse width. T = 285µs Choose R4 = 1k½. Charge time: Discharge time:T = (R3 + R4)CT = 4.3k½ ´ 0.0033µF = 14.2µs 3. Determine C4 C4 is selected to satisfy both the maximum allowable ripple voltage and response time of the meter movement. Q = AFG ´ 2 ´ FREQ ´ CT ´ RT ´ (VREG Ð 0.7V) or, Q = 970 ´ FREQ ´ CT ´ RT The ripple voltage at the F/V converterÕs output is determined by the ratio of CT and C4 in the formula: ÆV = T = R3 ´ CT = 3.3k½ ´ 0.0033µF = 10.9µs C4 = CT(VREG Ð 0.7V) VRIPPLE(MAX) With C4 = 0.47µF, the F/V ripple voltage is 44mV. Figure 7 shows how the CS8191 and the CS8441 are used to produce a Speedometer and Odometer circuit. CT(VREG Ð 0.7V) C4 Ripple voltage on the F/V output causes pointer or needle flutter especially at low input frequencies. The response time of the F/V is determined by the time constant formed by RT and C4. Increasing the value of C4 will reduce the ripple on the F/V output but will also increase the response time. An increase in response time causes a very slow meter movement and may be unacceptable for many applications. 5 CS8191 Circuit Description and Application Notes: continued VREG 2.5V R3 SQOUT 0.25V CT R4 Q3 Q1 QSQUARE Figure 5A: Partial Schematic of Input and Charge Pump T PW T-PW VCC FREQIN 0 VREG 0 ICP+ VCP+ 0 Figure 5B: Timing Diagram of FREQIN and ICP 6 RT C4 2.7V SQOUT CPÐ CP+ + Ð F to V Ð VC(t) + Ð FREQIN F/VOUT + Q2 CS8191 Speedometer/Odometer or Tachometer Application Battery C1 Ground 1 CP+ V CC F/VOUT16 2 VREG CP+ 15 3 BIAS CP- 14 4 5 Gnd 6 COS- 7 SINEFREQIN 8 R2 Gnd C3 Battery C4 RT + D1 R1 D2 Gnd 13 Ground R4 Gnd 12 C1 1 V CP+ CC F/VOUT 16 2 VREG CP+ 15 3 BIAS CP- 14 4 Gnd R3 CS8191 D2 CS8191 R1 D1 5 Gnd SINE+ 10 6 COS- SQOUT 9 7 SINE- 8 FREQIN COS+ 11 CT R2 SINE C3 Typical Speedometer Input C4 RT + Gnd 13 R4 Gnd 12 R3 COS+ 11 CT SINE+ 10 SQOUT 9 SINE Typical Speedometer Input COSINE Air Core Gauge Speedometer COSINE C2 Air Core Gauge Speedometer 1 CS8441 Figure 6 R1 - 3.9, 500mW R2 - 10k½ R3 - 3k½ R4 - 1k½ RT - Trim Resistor +/- 20 PPM/DEG. C C1 - 0.1µF C2 - With CS-8441 application, 10µF C3 - 0.1µF C4 - 0.47µF CT - 0.0033µF, +/- 30 PPM/¡C D1 - 1A, 600 PIV D2 - 50V, 500mW Zener Air Core Stepper Motor 200W Odometer Figure 7 Note 1: The product of CT and RT have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly effect temperature compensation. Note 2: C4 Range; 20pF to .2µF. Note 3: R4 Range; 100k½ to 500k½. Note 4: The IC must be protected from transients above 60V and reverse battery conditions. Note 5: Additional filtering on the FREQIN lead may be required. In some cases a designer may wish to use the CS8191 only as a driver for an air-core meter having performed the F/V conversion elsewhere in the circuit. An alternative solution is to use the CS4101 which has a separate function generator input lead and can be driven directly from a DC source. Figure 8 and 9 are not temperature compensated. Figure 8 shows how to drive the CS8191 with a DC voltage ranging from 2V to 6V. This is accomplished by forcing a voltage on the F/VOUT lead. The alternative scheme shown in figure 9 uses an external op amp as a buffer and operates over an input voltage range of 0V to 4V. CS8191 100kW BIAS + VREG 100kW VIN 0V to 4V DC CS8191 - CP- 100kW CP+ - - 10kW F/VOUT + 10kW N/C BIAS 100kW VIN 2V to 6V DC 100kW F/VOUT Figure 9. Driving the CS8191 from an external DC voltage using an Op Amp Buffer. Figure 8. Driving the CS8191 from an external DC voltage. 7 CS8191 Package Specification PACKAGE THERMAL DATA PACKAGE DIMENSIONS IN mm (INCHES) D Lead Count 16L PDIP (internally fused leads) 20L SOIC (internally fused leads) Metric Max Min 19.69 18.67 13.00 12.60 Thermal Data RQJC typ English Max Min .775 .735 .512 .496 RQJA 16L PDIP* 20L SOIC* 15 50 9 55 typ ûC/W ûC/W *Internally Fused Leads Plastic DIP (N); 300 mil wide 7.11 (.280) 6.10 (.240) 1.77 (.070) 1.14 (.045) 8.26 (.325) 7.62 (.300) 2.54 (.100) BSC 3.68 (.145) 2.92 (.115) 0.39 (.015) MIN. .356 (.014) .203 (.008) .558 (.022) .356 (.014) REF: JEDEC MS-001 D Some 8 and 16 lead packages may have 1/2 lead at the end of the package. All specs are the same. Surface Mount Wide Body (DW); 300 mil wide 7.60 (.299) 7.40 (.291) 10.65 (.419) 10.00 (.394) 0.51 (.020) 0.33 (.013) 1.27 (.050) BSC 2.49 (.098) 2.24 (.088) 1.27 (.050) 0.40 (.016) 2.65 (.104) 2.35 (.093) 0.32 (.013) 0.23 (.009) D REF: JEDEC MS-013 0.30 (.012) 0.10 (.004) Ordering Information Part Number Description CS8191XNF16 16L PDIP (internally fused leads) CS8191XDWF20 20L SOIC (internally fused leads) CS8191XDWFR20 20L SOIC (internally fused leads) (tape & reel) Rev. 3/9/99 Cherry Semiconductor Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the specifications without notice. Please contact Cherry Semiconductor Corporation for the latest available information. 8 © 1999 Cherry Semiconductor Corporation