bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 PowerLAN™ Master Gateway Battery Management Controller With PowerPump™ Cell Balancing Technology FEATURES 1 • bq78PL114 Designed for Managing 3- to 8-Series-Cell Battery Systems • bq78PL114S12 Firmware Upgrade Supports 3to 12-Series-Cell Battery Systems – Adds Support for LCD and Electronic Paper Displays or EPDs – Configurable for 11-A, 26-A, or 110-A Operating Currents • Systems With More Than Four Series Cells Require External bq76PL102 Dual-Cell Monitors • SmartSafety Features: – Prevention: Optimal Cell Management – Diagnosis: Improved Sensing of Cell Problems – Fail Safe: Detection of Event Precursors • Rate-of-Change Detection of All Important Cell Characteristics: – Voltage – Impedance – Cell Temperature • PowerPump Technology Transfers Charge Efficiently From Cell to Cell During All Operating Conditions, Resulting in Longer Run Time and Cell Life – bq78PL114S12 Adds User-Configurable PowerPump Cell-Balancing Modes • High-Resolution 18-Bit Integrating Delta-Sigma Coulomb Counter for Precise Charge-Flow Measurements and Gas Gauging • Multiple Independent Δ-Σ ADCs: One-per-Cell Voltage, Plus Separate Temperature, Current, and Safety • Simultaneous, Synchronous Measurement of Pack Current and Individual Cell Voltages • Very Low Power Consumption – bq78PL114: < 250 µA Active, < 150 µA Standby, < 40 µA Ship, and < 1 µA Undervoltage Shutdown 23 • • • • • – bq78PL114S12: < 300 µA Active, < 185 µA Standby, < 85 µA Ship, and < 1 µA Undervoltage Shutdown Accurate, Advanced Temperature Monitoring of Cells and MOSFETs With up to 12 Sensors Fail-Safe Operation of Pack Protection Circuits: Up to Three Power MOSFETs and One Secondary Safety Output (Fuse) Fully Programmable Voltage, Current, Balance, and Temperature-Protection Features External Inputs for Auxiliary MOSFET Control Smart Battery System 1.1 Compliant via SMBus APPLICATIONS • • • Portable Medical Instruments and Test Equipment Mobility Devices (E-Bike) Uninterruptible Power Supplies and Hand-Held Tools DESCRIPTION The bq78PL114 master gateway battery controller is part of a complete Li-Ion control, monitoring, and safety solution designed for large series cell strings. The bq78PL114 and bq78PL114S12 along with bq76PL102 PowerLAN™ dual-cell monitors provide complete battery-system control, communications, and safety functions for a structure of three up to twelve series cells. This PowerLAN system provides simultaneous, synchronized voltage and current measurements using one A/D per-cell technology. This eliminates system-induced noise from measurements and allows the precise, continuous, real-time calculation of cell impedance under all operating conditions, even during widely fluctuating load conditions. PowerPump technology transfers charge between cells to balance their voltage and capacity. Balancing is possible during all battery modes: charge, discharge, and rest. Highly efficient charge-transfer circuitry nearly eliminates energy loss while providing true real-time balance between cells, resulting in longer run-time and improved cycle life. 1 2 3 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PowerLAN, PowerPump, bqWizard are trademarks of Texas Instruments. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED) Temperature is sensed by up to 12 external sensors and one on-chip sensor. This permits accurate temperature monitoring of each cell individually. Firmware is then able to compensate for the temperature-induced effects on capacity, impedance, and OCV on a cell-by-cell basis, resulting in superior charge/ discharge and balancing control. External MOSFET control inputs provide user- definable direct hardware control over MOSFET states. Smart control prevents excessive current through MOSFET body diodes. Auxiliary inputs can be used for enhanced safety and control in large multicell arrays. The bq78PL114 is completely user-configurable, with parametric tables in flash memory to suit a variety of cell chemistries, operating conditions, safety controls, and data reporting needs. It is easily configured using the supplied bqWizard™ graphical user interface (GUI). The device is fully programmed and requires no algorithm or firmware development. The bq78PL114 can be upgraded to the bq78PL114S12 by downloading the bq78PL114S12 firmware. The firmware can be downloaded using the bqWizard application or during manufacturing. Upgrading to the bq78Pl114S12 changes the functionality of the LED1–LED5, LEDEN, and N/C pin #29. The bq78PL114S12 pin functions of LED1/SEG1–LED5/SEG5, PSH/BP/TP, and FIELD support LED, LCD, and electronic paper displays (EPDs). The user can configure the bq78PL114S12 for the desired display type. In this document all descriptions for the bq78PL114 apply to the bq78PL114S12 except where different bq78PL114S12 functionality is specifically described. 2 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 V1 P1N P1S XT1 FLASH CELL 4 DSG EFCID Balance Temp CELL 3 EFCIC Voltage SPROT RISC CPU Voltage Balance Temp Second-Level Safety CSBAT Coulomb Counter CCBAT CSPACK Current A/D Voltage Balance Temp PowerLAN Communication Link Reset Logic RSTN VLDO1 CHG First-Level Safety and FET Control SRAM V2 P2N P2S XT2 Balance Temp PRE CELL 2 V3 P3N P3S XT3 Voltage CELL 1 P-LAN V4 P4N P4S XT4 2.5 V LDO Core / CPU Measure GPIO Internal Oscillator Watchdog SMBus CCPACK 6 LED1–5, LEDEN SMBCLK SMBDAT Internal Temperature I/O Safety B0320-02 Figure 1. bq78PL114 Internal Block Diagram Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 3 bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com P-LAN V1 P1N P1S XT1 FLASH CELL 4 DSG EFCID Balance Temp CELL 3 EFCIC Voltage SPROT RISC CPU Voltage Balance Temp Second-Level Safety CSBAT Coulomb Counter CCBAT CSPACK Current A/D Voltage Balance Temp PowerLAN Communication Link Reset Logic RSTN VLDO1 CHG First-Level Safety and FET Control SRAM V2 P2N P2S XT2 Balance Temp PRE CELL 2 V3 P3N P3S XT3 Voltage CELL 1 V4 P4N P4S XT4 Core / CPU Measure Internal Oscillator Watchdog 2.5 V LDO GPIO SMBus CCPACK 7 LED1–5/SEG1–5, PSH/BP/TP, FIELD SMBCLK SMBDAT Internal Temperature I/O Safety B0320-03 Figure 2. bq78PL114S12 Internal Block Diagram 4 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 – Pack Positive SMBus Pack Negative + Pack Protection Circuits and Fuse PowerLAN Master Gateway Battery Controller bq78PL114 PowerLAN Communication Link RSENSE Example 8-cell configuration shown bq76PL102 Cell Monitor With PowerPump Balancing bq76PL102 Cell Monitor With PowerPump Balancing B0332-01 Figure 3. Example bq78PL114 PowerLAN Multicell System Implementation (8 Cells) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 5 bq78PL114 B0332-02 Pack Positive SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com Pack Negative V2 T2 V1 T1 V2 T2 V1 T1 9 V2 T2 8 V1 T1 7 V2 T2 6 V1 T1 5 V4 XT4 10 4 V3 XT3 11 3 V2 XT2 12 2 V1 XT1 SMBus PowerLAN Master Gateway Battery Controller bq78PL114S12 PowerLAN Communication Link bq76PL102 Dual-Cell Monitor Bq76PL102 Dual-Cell Monitor Example 12-cell configuration shown bq76PL102 Dual-Cell Monitor Bq76PL102 Dual-Cell Monitor Pack Protection Circuits and Fuse 1 RSENSE Figure 4. Example bq78PL114S12 System Implementation (12 Cells) 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 ORDERING INFORMATION Product Cell Configuration (1) Package Package Designator Temperature Range bq78PL114 3 to 8 series cells QFN-48, 7-mm × 7-mm RGZ –40°C to 85°C bq78PL114S 12 3 to 12 series cells N/A N/A N/A (1) Ordering Number Quantity, Transport Media bq78PL114RGZT 250, tape and reel bq78PL114RGZR 2500, tape and reel N/A Firmware download and upgrade For configurations consisting of more than four series cells, additional bq76PL102 parts must be used. AVAILABLE OPTIONS V1 XT1 XT2 V2 VLDO2 V3 XT3 XT4 V4 SMBDAT SMBCLK 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 DSG 47 1 VSS CHG 48 bq78PL114 RGZ Package (Top View) 36 LED5 2 35 LED4 PRE 3 34 LED3 EFCIC 4 33 LED2 EFCID 5 32 LED1 CCBAT 6 31 LEDEN Thermal Pad 24 RSTN P-LAN 25 23 12 P4N OSCO 22 NC P4S 26 21 11 P3N OSCI 20 NC P3S 27 19 10 SDI3 CSPACK 18 NC SDO2 28 17 9 P2N CSBAT 16 NC P2S 29 15 8 P1N VLDO1 14 SPROT SDI1 30 13 7 SDO0 CCPACK P0023-16 Figure 5. bq78PL114 Pinout bq78PL114 TERMINAL FUNCTIONS NAME NO. TYPE (1) DESCRIPTION CCBAT 6 IA Coulomb counter input (sense resistor), connect to battery negative CCPACK 7 IA Coulomb counter input (sense resistor), connect to pack negative CHG 1 O Charge MOSFET control (active-high, low opens MOSFET) CSBAT 9 IA Current sense input (safety), connect to battery negative CSPACK 10 IA Current sense input (safety), connect to pack negative DSG 2 O Discharge MOSFET control (active-high, low opens MOSFET) EFCIC 4 I External charge MOSFET control input (1) I – input, IA – analog input, O – output, OA – analog output, P – power Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 7 bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com bq78PL114 TERMINAL FUNCTIONS (continued) NAME NO. TYPE (1) DESCRIPTION EFCID 5 I External discharge MOSFET control input LED1 32 O LED1 – open-drain, active-low LED2 33 O LED2 – open-drain, active-low LED3 34 O LED3 – open-drain, active-low LED4 35 O LED4 – open-drain, active-low LED5 36 O LED5 – open-drain, active-low LEDEN 31 IO LEDEN – common-anode drive (active-low) and pushbutton input NC 26 IO Connect 1-MΩ resistor to VSS NC 27 I Connect 1-MΩ resistor to VSS NC 28, 29 O No connect OSCI 11 I External oscillator input (no connect, internal oscillator used) OSCO 12 O External oscillator output (no connect, internal oscillator used) P1N 15 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 1 north P2S 16 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 2 south P2N 17 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 2 north P3N 21 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 3 north P3S 20 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 3 south P4N 23 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 4 north P4S 22 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 4 south P-LAN 24 IO PowerLAN I/O to external bq76PL102 nodes PRE 3 O Precharge MOSFET control (active-high) RSTN 25 I Device reset, active-low SDI1 14 I Connect to SDO0 via a capacitor SDI3 19 I Internal PowerLAN connection – connect to SDO2 through a 0.01-µF capacitor SDO0 13 O Requires 100-kΩ pullup resistor to VLDO1 SDO2 18 O Internal PowerLAN connection – connect to SDI3 through a 0.01-µF capacitor SMBCLK 37 IO SMBus clock signal SMBDAT 38 IO SMBus data signal SPROT 30 O Secondary protection output, active-high (FUSE) V1 47 IA Cell-1 positive input V2 44 IA Cell-2 positive input V3 42 IA Cell-3 positive input V4 39 IA Cell-4 positive input VLDO1 8 P Internal LDO-1 output, bypass with 10-µF capacitor to VSS VLDO2 43 P Internal LDO-2 output, bypass with 10-µF capacitor to V2 VSS 48 IA Cell-1 negative input XT1 46 IA External temperature-sensor-1 input XT2 45 IA External temperature-sensor-2 input XT3 41 IA External temperature-sensor-3 input XT4 40 IA External temperature-sensor-4 input – – P Thermal pad. Connect to VSS 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 V1 XT1 XT2 V2 VLDO2 V3 XT3 XT4 V4 SMBDAT SMBCLK 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 DSG 47 1 VSS CHG 48 bq78PL114S12 RGZ Package (Top View) 36 LED5/SEG5 2 35 LED4/SEG4 PRE 3 34 LED3/SEG3 EFCIC 4 33 LED2/SEG2 EFCID 5 32 LED1/SEG1 CCBAT 6 31 PSH/BP/TP Thermal Pad 24 RSTN P-LAN 25 23 12 P4N OSCO 22 NC P4S 26 21 11 P3N OSCI 20 NC P3S 27 19 10 SDI3 CSPACK 18 NC SDO2 28 17 9 P2N CSBAT 16 FIELD P2S 29 15 8 P1N VLDO1 14 SPROT SDI1 30 13 7 SDO0 CCPACK P0023-20 Figure 6. bq78PL114S12 Pinout bq78PL114S12 TERMINAL FUNCTIONS NAME NO. TYPE (1) DESCRIPTION CCBAT 6 IA Coulomb counter input (sense resistor), connect to battery negative CCPACK 7 IA Coulomb counter input (sense resistor), connect to pack negative CHG 1 O Charge MOSFET control (active-high, low opens MOSFET) CSBAT 9 IA Current sense input (safety), connect to battery negative CSPACK 10 IA Current sense input (safety), connect to pack negative DSG 2 O Discharge MOSFET control (active-high, low opens MOSFET) EFCIC 4 I External charge MOSFET control input EFCID 5 I External discharge MOSFET control input FIELD 29 O EPD field segment LED1/SEG1 32 O LED1 – open-drain, active-low, LCD and EPD segment 1 LED2/SEG2 33 O LED2 – open-drain, active-low, LCD and EPD segment 2 LED3/SEG3 34 O LED3 – open-drain, active-low, LCD and EPD segment 3 LED4/SEG4 35 O LED4 – open-drain, active-low, LCD and EPD segment 4 LED5/SEG5 36 O LED5 – open-drain, active-low, LCD and EPD segment 5 N/C 26, 27 IO Connect 1-MΩ resistor to VSS N/C 28 O No connect OSCI 11 I External oscillator input (no connect, internal oscillator used) (1) I – input, IA – analog input, O – output, OA – analog output, P – power Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 9 bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com bq78PL114S12 TERMINAL FUNCTIONS (continued) NO. TYPE (1) OSCO 12 O External oscillator output (no connect, internal oscillator used) P1N 15 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 1 north P2N 17 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 2 north P2S 16 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 2 south P3N 21 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 3 north P3S 20 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 3 south P4N 23 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 4 north P4S 22 O Charge-balance gate drive, cell 4 south P-LAN 24 IO PowerLAN I/O to external bq76PL102 nodes PRE 3 O Precharge MOSFET control (active-high) PSH/BP/TP 31 IO Pushbutton detect for LED display, LCD backplane, EPD top plane and charge pump RSTN 25 I Device reset, active-low SDI1 14 I Connect to SDO0 via a capacitor SDI3 19 I Internal PowerLAN connection – connect to SDO2 through a 0.01-µF capacitor SDO0 13 O Requires 100-kΩ pullup resistor to VLDO1 SDO2 18 O Internal PowerLAN connection – connect to SDI3 through a 0.01-µF capacitor SMBCLK 37 IO SMBus clock signal SMBDAT 38 IO SMBus data signal SPROT 30 O Secondary protection output, active-high (FUSE) V1 47 IA Cell-1 positive input V2 44 IA Cell-2 positive input V3 42 IA Cell-3 positive input V4 39 IA Cell-4 positive input VLDO1 8 P Internal LDO-1 output, bypass with 10-µF capacitor to VSS VLDO2 43 P Internal LDO-2 output, bypass with 10-µF capacitor to V2 VSS 48 IA Cell-1 negative input XT1 46 IA External temperature-sensor-1 input XT2 45 IA External temperature-sensor-2 input XT3 41 IA External temperature-sensor-3 input XT4 40 IA External temperature-sensor-4 input – – P Thermal pad. Connect to VSS NAME 10 DESCRIPTION Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) RANGE UNITS TA Operating free-air temperature (ambient) –40 to 85 °C Tstg Storage temperature –65 to 150 °C V4–V3 Maximum cell voltage –0.5 to 5.0 V V3–V2 Maximum cell voltage –0.5 to 5.0 V V2–V1 Maximum cell voltage –0.5 to 5.0 V V1–VSS Maximum cell voltage –0.5 to 5.0 V Voltage on LEDEN, SPROT, CCBAT, CCPACK, CSBAT, CSPACK, XT1, XT2, OSCI, OSCO, P-LAN Maximum voltage on any I/O pin with respect to VSS –0.5 to (VLDO1 + 0.5) V Voltage on PSH/BP/TP (bq78PL114S12) Maximum voltage range with respect to VSS –0.5 to (VLDO1 + 0.5) V Voltage on LED1–LED5 Maximum voltage on I/O pin with respect to VSS –0.5 to 5.5 V Voltage on LED1/SEG1–LED5/SEG5 (bq78PL114S12) Maximum voltage on I/O pin –0.5 to 5.5 V Voltage on XT3, XT4 Maximum voltage range with respect to V2 (V2 – 0.5) to (VLDO2 + 0.5) V EFCIC, EFCID Maximum voltage range with respect to VSS –0.5 to 5.5 V Voltage on SMBCLK, SMBDAT Maximum voltage range with respect to VSS –0.5 to 6 V Voltage on PRE, CHG, DSG Maximum voltage range with respect to VSS –0.5 to (VLDO1 + 0.5) V Current through PRE, CHG, DSG, LED1–LED5, P-LAN Maximum current source/sink 20 mA Current through LED1/SEG1–LED5/SEG5, (bq78PL114S12, LED mode) Maximum current source/sink 20 mA VLDO1 maximum current Maximum current draw from VLDO 20 mA ESD tolerance JEDEC, JESD22-A114 human-body model, R = 1500 Ω, C = 100 pF 2 kV Lead temperature, soldering Total time < 3 seconds 300 °C (1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN VSUP Supply voltage—V1, V2, V3, V4 2.3 VStartup Minimum startup voltage—V1, V2 2.9 VIN Input cell voltage range—V(n+1) – V(n), n = 1, 2, 3, 4 CVLDO1 VLDO 1 capacitor—VLDO1 2.2 CVLDO2 VLDO 2 capacitor—VLDO2 2.2 CVn Cell-voltage capacitor—Vn NOM MAX 4.5 Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 V V 0 4.5 V 10 47 µF 10 47 µF µF 1 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated UNIT 11 bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40°C to 85°C (unless otherwise noted) DC Characteristics PARAMETER VCELL (1) IDD ISTBY ISHIP IECUV TEST CONDITIONS TYP Operating range Cells balanced Operating-mode current Measure / report state, bq78PLL114 250 Measure / report state, bq78PLL114S12 300 SMBCLK = SMBDAT = L, bq78PLL114 100 SMBCLK = SMBDAT = L, bq78PLL114S12 185 Standby-mode current Ship-mode current Extreme cell under voltage shutdown current MAX 2.3 4.5 bq78PLL114 30 bq78PLL114S12 85 SPROT, LEDEN, IOL < 4 mA PSH/BP/TP(bq78PL114S12), FIELD(bq78PL114S12) VOH (2) SPROT, LEDEN, IOH < –4 mA PSH/BP/TP(bq78PL114S12), FIELD(bq78PL114S12) VIL SPROT, LEDEN, PSH/BP/TP(bq78PL114S12), FIELD(bq78PL114S12) VIH SPROT, LEDEN, PSH/BP/TP(bq78PL114S12), FIELD(bq78PL114S12) UNIT V µA µA µA All cells < 2.7 V and any cell < ECUV set point VOL (1) (2) MIN 0 1 µA 0.5 V VLDO1 – 0.1 V 0.25 VLDO1 0.75 VLDO1 V V Device should be configured to enter shutdown state when cell voltages are below 2.5 V. Does not apply to SMBus pins. Voltage-Measurement Characteristics over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Measurement range 12 TYP 2.5 Resolution 0°C to 60°C Submit Documentation Feedback MAX 4.5 <1 25°C Accuracy MIN ±5 ±10 UNIT V mV mV Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 Current-Sense Characteristics over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Measurement range (1) (bq78PL114) MIN TYP MAX UNIT –0.2 0.2 V Measurement range (2) (bq78PL114S12, 3-mΩ sense resistor) –0.077 0.077 V Measurement range (2) (bq78PL114S12, 1-mΩ and 10-mΩ sense resistors) –0.1 0.1 V Input offset TA = 25°C ±50 µV Offset drift TA = 0°C to 60°C 0.5 µV/°C Resolution (bq78PL114) 18 µV Resolution (bq78PL114S12, 3-mΩ sense resistor) 6.9 µV Resolution (bq78PL114S12, 1-mΩ and 10-mΩ sense resistors) 10 µV Full-scale error (3) TA = 25°C Full-scale error drift TA = 0°C to 60°C (1) (2) (3) ±0.1% 50 PPM/°C Default range. Corresponds to ±10 A using a 5-mΩ sense resistor. The bq78PL114S12 firmware upgrade supports three sense-resistor options, 10 mΩ, 3 mΩ, and 1 mΩ. After calibration. Accuracy is dependent on system calibration and temperature coefficient of sense resistor. Coulomb-Counter Characteristics (1) (2) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN Resolution TYP 5 Intergral nonlinearity 0.008% Snap-to-zero (deadband) ±100 (3) (1) (2) (3) MAX UNIT nVh µV Shares common input with current-sense section After calibration. accuracy is dependent on system calibration and temperature coefficient of sense resistor. Corresponds to 20 mA using 5-mΩ sense resistor Current-Sense (Safety) Characteristics (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Measurement range Short-circuit detection Resolution (1) MIN TYP –0.312 MAX UNIT 0.312 V 10 Overcurrent detection, charge and discharge mV 1.25 Post calibration: Dependent on system calibration and temperature coefficient of sense resistor. Uncertainty is 1.5 LSB. Internal Temperature-Sensor Characteristics (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Measurement range (1) TYP –30 Resolution Accuracy (1) MIN –30° to 85° MAX 85 UNIT °C 0.1 °C ±1 °C After calibration Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 13 bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com LDO Voltage Characteristics (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT TA = –40C to 85C, load = 200 µA 2.425 2.5 2.575 V 2.425 2.5 2.575 V MIN TYP MAX UNIT VLDO1 LDO1 operating voltage, referenced to VSS VLDO2 LDO2 operating voltage, referenced to V2 TA = –40C to 85C, load = 2 mA (1) After calibration External Temperature-Sensor(s) Typical Characteristics (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Measurement range (2) –40 90 Resolution 0.2 Accuracy (3) (1) (2) (3) 25° ±1 0° to 85° ±2 °C °C °C Typical for dual-diode (MMBD4148 or equivalent) external sensor using recommended circuit Range of diode sensors may exceed operational limits of IC and battery cells. Typical behavior after calibration, final result dependent on specific component characteristics SMBus Characteristics (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VIL Input low voltage VIH Input high voltage VOL Output low voltage CI Capacitance, each I/O pin fSCL SCLK nominal clock frequency RPU (2) (1) (2) 14 Pullup resistors for SCLK, SDATA TEST CONDITIONS 350-µA sink current MIN TYP MAX UNIT 0 0.8 V 2.1 5.5 V 0 0.4 V 10 pF TA = 25°C 100 kHz VBUS 5 V nominal 13.3 45.3 VBUS 3 V nominal 2.4 6.8 kΩ SMBus timing and signals meet the SMBus 2.0 specification requirements under normal operating conditions. All signals are measured with respect to PACK-negative. Pullups are typically implemented external to the battery pack, and are selected to meet SMBus requirements. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 RPRE + PACK+ PRE CHG DSG Level-Shift Circuits SDI1 SDO2 SDO0 Cell Balancing Circuits CELL 6 V2 V1 bq76PL102 SDI3 VLDO1 RSTN P-LAN CELL 5 SPROT V4 bq78PL114 PowerLAN Gateway Battery LED1–LED5 Management Controller EFCIC V2 EFCID V1 SMBCLK CELL 1 CSPACK CCPACK SMBDAT CCBAT CSBAT Thermal Pad CRFI VSS XT1–XT4 Temperature Sensor (typ.) Aux FET Control VLDO2 SMBus CELL 2 V3 5 ESD Protection CELL 3 Cell Balancing Circuits CELL 4 One of 4 external sensors shown – Typical six-cell configuration shown. Additional cells added via PowerLAN connection. Some components omitted for clarity. PACK– RSENSE S0342-02 Figure 7. bq78PL114 Simplified Example Circuit Diagram Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 15 bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com FEATURE SET Primary (First-Level) Safety Features The bq78PL114 implements a breadth of system protection features which are easily configured by the customer. First-level protections work by controlling the MOSFET switches. These include: • Battery cell over/undervoltage protection • Pack over/undervoltage protection • Charge and discharge overcurrent protection • Short-circuit protection • External MOSFET control inputs (EFCIx) with programmable polarity • Up to 12 external temperature inputs for accurate cell and MOSFET monitoring • Watchdog timer protection • Brownout detection and protection against extreme pack undervoltage Secondary (Second-Level) Safety Features The bq78PL114 can detect more serious system faults and activate the SPROT pin, which can be used to open an in-line chemical fuse to permanently disable the pack. Secondary optional features include • Fully independent of first-level protections • SmartSafety algorithms for early detection of potential faults – Temperature abnormalities (variances, extremes, rate of change, etc.) – Disconnected cell voltage inputs – Cell imbalance exceeds safety limits – Impedance rise due to cell or weld strap fault • MOSFET failure or loss of MOSFET control • Safety overvoltage, pack and cell • Safety overtemperature, limits for both charge and discharge • Safety overcurrent, charge and discharge • Failed current measurement, voltage measurement, or temperature measurement Charge Control Features • Meets SMBus 2.0 and Smart Battery System (SBS) Specification 1.1 requirements • Active cell balancing using patented PowerPump technology, which eliminates unrecoverable capacity loss due to normal cell imbalance • Balancing-current monitoring to detect cell problems • Simultaneous, synchronous measurement of all cell voltages in a pack • Simultaneous, synchronous measurement of pack current with cell voltages • Reports target charging current and/or voltage to an SBS Smart Charger • Reports the chemical state-of-charge for each cell and pack • Supports precharging and zero-volt charging with separate MOSFET control • Programmable, Chemistry-specific parameters • Fault reporting Gas Gauging • The bq78PL114 accurately reports battery cell and pack state-of-charge (SOC). No full charge/discharge cycle is required for accurate reporting. • State-of-charge is reported via SMBus and optional display. • 18-bit integrating delta-sigma ADC coulomb counter, with programmable snap-to-zero value Display Types • The bq78PL114 drives a three- to five-segment LED display in response to a pushbutton (LEDEN) input signal. Each LED pin can sink up to 10 mA. 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 • • The bq78PL114S12 drives a three- to five-segment static liquid-crystal display. The bq78PL114S12 drives a three- to five-segment electronic paper display. An external 15-V voltage source is required. E Ink Corporation supplies this type of display. The display type is selected via the parameter set. Lifetime Logging (Readable via SMBus) • Recording of faults, events, anomalies, minimum and maximum values • Maximum/minimum temperature • Maximum/minimum pack voltage • Maximum/minimum cell voltage in a pack • Maximum charge and discharge currents Forensic Data Logging (Readable via SMBus) • Last known full capacity of each cell • Cycle count and/or cumulative number of ampere-hours delivered by the battery • Battery pack status: being charged, discharged, or at rest • Balancing effort required by each bank of cells to maintain balance • Last 10 failures causing first-level safety action • Forensic data up-loadable to host CPU via SMBus Power Modes • Normal Mode: The bq78PL114 performs measurements and calculations, makes decisions, and updates internal data approximately once per second. All safety circuitry is fully functional in this mode. • Standby Mode: The bq78PL114 performs as in normal mode, but at a dramatically reduced rate to lower power consumption at times when the host computer is inactive or the battery system is not being used. All safety circuitry remains fully functional in this mode. • Ship Mode: The bq78PL114 disables (opens) all the protection MOSFETs, and continues to monitor temperature and voltage, but at a reduced measurement rate to dramatically lower power consumption. Environmental data is saved in flash as a part of the historical record. Safety circuitry is disabled in this mode. The device does not enter this power state as a part of normal operation; it is intended for use after factory programming and test. Entry occurs only after a unique SMBus command is issued. Exit occurs when the SMBus lines return to an active state. • Extreme Cell Undervoltage (ECUV) Shutdown Mode: In this mode, the bq78PL114 draws minimal current and the charge and discharge protection MOSFETs are disabled (opened). The precharge MOSFET remains enabled when a charge voltage is present. Safety circuitry is disabled in this mode. The device does not enter this mode as a part of normal operation; it enters this state during extreme cell undervoltage conditions (ECUV). The ECUV threshold is programmable between 2.3 V and 2.7 V, with 2.5 V being typical. STATE OVERCURRENT PROTECTION ENTRY CONDITION Normal operation as determined by firmware EXIT CONDITION Firmware directed to the following operating modes Active Fully active Standby Fully active No load current flowing for predetermined time Load activity Ship Not active Protected SMBus command SMBus becomes active Extreme cell undervoltage Not active (precharge enabled) Enabled when Vcell < ECUV Vcell charge above ECUV recovery threshold (2.7 V/cell typical) OPERATION The bq78PL114 battery-management controller serves as a master controller for a Li-Ion battery system consisting of up to 8 cells in series. The bq78PL114S12 firmware upgrade supports up to 12 cells in series. Any number of cells may be connected in parallel; other system or safety issues limit the number of parallel cells. The bq78PL114 provides extraordinarily precise state-of-charge gas gauging along with first- and second-level pack safety functions. Voltage and current measurements are performed synchronously and simultaneously for all cells in the system, allowing a level of precision not previously possible in battery management. Temperature is Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 17 bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com measured by up to four additional external temperature sensors. With the bq78PL114S12 firmware upgrade, up to eight more are available in remote bq76PL102 dual-cell battery monitors. Coulomb counting is captured continuously by a dedicated 18-bit integrating delta-sigma ADC in the bq78PL114. The CPU in the bq78PL114 is also responsible for system data calculations, black-box forensic data storage, and communicating parameters via the SMBus interface. The bq78PL114S12 firmware can be downloaded to existing bq78PL114 parts using the bqWizard GUI or during the manufacturing checkout process. PowerLAN Communication Link PowerLAN technology is Texas Instruments’ patented serial network and protocol designed specifically for battery management in a multicell system environment. The PowerLAN link is used to initiate and report measurements of cell voltage and temperature, and control cell balancing. The bq78PL114 serves as the master controller of the PowerLAN link and can interface to multiple bq76PL102 dual-cell battery monitors, which measure and balance additional cells. The bq78PL114 monitors the first three or four cells, and bq76PL102s can be added to monitor more series cells. The PowerLAN link isolates voltages from adjacent bq76PL102 devices to permit high-voltage stack assembly without compromising precision and accuracy. The PowerLAN link is expandable to support up to 12 cells in series. Each bq76PL102 handles voltage and temperature measurements, as well as balancing for two cells. The PowerLAN link provides high ESD tolerance and high immunity to noise generated by nearby digital circuitry or switching currents. Each bq76PL102 has both a PowerLAN input and PowerLAN output: Received data is buffered and retransmitted, permitting high numbers of nodes without loss of signal fidelity. Signals are capacitor-coupled between nodes, providing dc isolation. Safety Unique in the battery-management controller market, the bq78PL114 simultaneously measures voltage and current using independent and highly accurate delta-sigma ADCs. This technique removes virtually all systemic noise from measurements, which are made during all modes of battery operation: charge, discharge, and rest. The bq78PL114 also directs all connected bq76PL102 dual-cell battery monitors to measure each cell voltage simultaneously with the bq78PL114 measurements. Battery impedance and self-discharge characteristics are thus measured with an unprecedented level of accuracy in real time. The bq78PL114 applies this precise information to SmartSafety algorithms to detect certain anomalies and conditions which may be indicative of internal cell faults, before they become serious problems. The bq78PL114 uses its enhanced measurement system to detect system faults including cell under- and overvoltage, cell under- and overtemperature, system overvoltage, and system overcurrent. First-level safety algorithms first attempt to open the MOSFET safety switches. If this fails, second-level safety algorithms activate the SPROT output, normally used to open a fuse and provide permanent, hard protection for the systems. External MOSFET control inputs with programmable polarity can also be used to operate the safety MOSFETs under control of user supplied circuitry. The bq78PL114 continuously monitors these inputs. If any MOSFET fails to open when commanded; the 2nd level safety algorithms also activate the SPROT output. All first- and second-level safety algorithms have fully programmable time delays to prevent false triggering. Cell Balancing Patented PowerPump cell balancing technology drastically increases the useful life of battery packs by eliminating the cycle life fade of multi-cell packs due to cell imbalance. PowerPump technology efficiently transfers charge from cell to cell, rather than simply bleeding off charging energy as heat as is typically done with resistive-bleed balancing circuits. Balancing is configurable and may be performed during any battery operational modes: charge, discharge, or rest. Compared to resistive bleed balancing, virtually no energy is lost as heat. The actual balance current is externally scalable and can range from 10 mA to 1 A (100 mA typical) depending on component selection and system or cell requirements. A variety of techniques, such as simple terminal voltage, terminal voltage corrected for impedance and temperature effects, or state-of-charge balancing, is easily implemented by the bq78PL114. By tracking the balancing required by individual cells, overall battery safety is enhanced, often allowing early detection of soft shorts or other cell failures. Balancing is achieved between all cells within the pack as dynamically determined by the bq78PL114. 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 Outputs Charge Control The CHG and PRE outputs are ordinarily used to drive MOSFET transistors controlling charge to the cell stack. Charge or precharge mode is selected based on the present cell voltage compared to the user-definable cell precharge, undervoltage, and temperature thresholds. When below these limits, the PRE signal is active and the CHG signal is inactive. This turns on the precharge MOSFET and is used to charge a depleted system through a current-limiting series resistor. When all cell voltages are above the limit and the temperature is above the charge temperature minimum, then the CHG output also becomes active and enables the charge MOSFET to turn on, providing a high-current path between charger and battery cells. The CHG and PRE MOSFET control outputs are both disabled (low) when any cell reaches the safety cutoff limit or temperature threshold. During active charging modes (and above cell voltage thresholds), the discharge MOSFET is also enabled to avoid excessive heating of the body diode. Similarly, the charge MOSFET is active during discharge, provided current flow is in the correct direction and no safety violations are present. The bq78PL114S12 firmware upgrade supports the following configurable cell-balancing features: • Super-pump mode. When enabled this allows 60%–70% pump availability when there are no active safety events and current is not flowing. While in super-pump mode, temperature rate-of-rise features are not available. • Option to disable cell balancing during discharge • Option to disable cell balancing during charge The CHG and PRE outputs are intended to drive buffer transistors acting as inverting level shifters. Discharge Control The DSG output operates similarly to control-system discharging. It is enabled (high) by default. If a cell voltage falls below a programmable threshold, or excessive current or other safety related fault is sensed, the DSG output is disabled (low) to prevent damage to the cells. All facets of safely charging and discharging the cell stack are controlled by user-definable parameters which provide precise control over MOSFET states. Both system and cell over- and undervoltage limits are provided, as well as programmable hysteresis to prevent oscillation. Temperature and current thresholds are also provided, each with independent timers to prevent nuisance activations. The DSG output is intended to drive a buffer transistor acting as an inverting level-shifter. Display The bq78PL114 shows state-of-charge indication on a five-LED display in a bar-graph format. LEDEN is a dual-function pin. One function is to control current to the LED display array. It also serves as an input that monitors for closure of a state-of-charge indicator (SOCi) push-button switch. The bq78PL114S12 shows state-of-charge indication on LED, static liquid crystal, and electronic paper displays or EPDs in a bar-graph-type format. The parameter set allows selection of display type and configuration. PSH/BP/TP is a multifunction pin. In LED display mode, PSH serves as an input that monitors for closure of a state-of-charge indicator (SOCi) push-button switch. In LCD mode, this pin is used to drive the LCD backplane. In EPD mode, this pin drives the top plane common signal of the display. For both the bq78PL114 and bq78PL114S12, in LED display mode the signals LED1/SEG1–LED5/SEG5 are current-sinking outputs designed to drive low-current LEDs. For the bq78PL114S12 firmware in LCD and EPD modes, the LED1/SEG1–LED5/SEG5 pins drive the active segments through external buffer transistors. In EPD mode, the FIELD pin drives the display background field. Electronic paper displays require an external power supply, typically 15 V, to power the display. In EPD, mode the bq78PL114S12 strobes the display outputs for a user- programmable period of milliseconds to drive an external voltage multiplier or charge pump to the required display supply voltage. The display segments are then updated in a manner that ensures the required 0-Vdc segment voltage offset is maintained and keeps the external power supply at its nominal voltage. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 19 bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com Inputs Current Measurement Current is monitored by four separate ADCs. All use the same very low-value sense resistor, typically 10, 5, 3, or 1 milliohms in series with the pack negative connection. CCBAT and CCPACK connections to the sense resistor use an R/C filter for noise reduction. (CSBAT and CSPACK are direct connections used for secondary safety). The bq78PL114 requires a 5-milliohm sense resistor. The bq78PL114S12 can be configured to use 10-, 3-, or 1-milliohm sense resistors. When configured to use a 1-milliohm sense resistor, the maximum available pack capacity increases to 655 Ah from 65 Ah. A 14-bit delta-sigma ADC is used to measure current flow accurately in both directions. The measurements are taken simultaneously and synchronously with all the cell voltage measurements, even those cells measured by bq76PL102 dual-cell battery monitors. Coulomb Counting A dedicated coulomb counter is used to measure charge flow with 18-bit precision in both directions by a calibrated, integrating delta-sigma ADC. This allows the bq78PL114 to keep very accurate state-of-charge (SOC) information and battery statistics. A small deadband is applied to further reduce noise effects. The coulomb counter is unique in that it continues to accumulate (integrate) current flow in either direction even as the rest of the internal microcontroller is placed in a very low power state, further lowering power consumption without compromising system accuracy. Safety Current Two additional ADCs are used to directly monitor for overcurrent or short-circuit current conditions, independently of the internal function. This provides a direct and rapid response to insure pack integrity and safe operation by opening the appropriate MOSFETs. These functions are implemented in hardware, and do not require firmware for functionality. Voltage Measurement Voltage measurement is performed by four independent delta-sigma ADCs which operate simultaneously and are triggered synchronously so that all voltages are read at precisely the same moment. The bq78PL114 coordinates the attached bq76PL102 dual-cell battery monitors so they also perform their cell voltage measurements in sync with the bq78PL114 voltage and current measurements. Voltage measurements are converted with better than 1 mV of resolution, providing superior accuracy. One-ADC-per-cell technology means that voltage is also measured simultaneously with current, permitting accurate, real-time cell impedance calculation during all operating conditions. This technique also provides greatly enhanced noise immunity and filtering of the input signal without signal loss. Temperature Measurement XT1–XT4 are dedicated temperature-sensor inputs. Each external sensor consists of a low-cost silicon diode (dual diode in one package is recommended) and capacitor combination. Temperatures for cells 5 and above are measured by up to four external bq76PL102(s), and the temperature data is received by the bq78PL114 or bq78PL114S12 over the PowerLAN link for processing. The bq78PL114 or bq78PL114S12 can report all of these temperatures individually. The bq78PL114 allows multiplexed configuration of up to twelve temperature sensors. This permits the pack designer to measure temperatures of all cells and other items such as the charge and discharge MOSFETs. The bq78PL114S12 firmware uses the internal temperature sensor of the device for board temperature measurements. EFCIx The external MOSFET control inputs are for user control of MOSFETs based on external circuitry and conditions. The polarity of the input signal is user-programmable. These pins can be used to force the protection MOSFETs to an OFF state. 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 COMMUNICATIONS SMBus The bq78PL114 uses the industry-standard Smart Battery System’s two-wire System Management Bus (SMBus) communications protocol for all external communication. SMBus version 2.0 is supported by the bq78PL114, and includes clock stretching, bus fault time-out detection, and optional packet error checking (PEC). For additional information, see the www.smbus.org and www.sbs-forum.org Web sites. Smart Battery Data (SBData) The data content and formatting of the bq78PL114 information conforms to the Smart Battery System’s (SBS) Smart Battery Data specification, version 1.1. See the SBS/SMBus site at www.sbs-forum.com for further information regarding these specifications. This SBS Data (SBData) specification defines read/write commands for accessing data commonly required in laptop computer applications. The commands are generic enough to be useful in most applications. Because the bq78PL114 provides a wealth of control and battery information beyond the SBData standard, new command codes have been defined by Texas Instruments. In addition, new battery data features, such as state-of-health, use newly defined extended SBData command codes. Standard SMBus protocols are used, although additional data values beyond those defined by the Smart Battery Data specification are employed. (For example, the bq78PL114 typically is used in a multicell battery system and may report individual cell voltages for up to eight cells. The bq78PL114S12 can report individual cell voltages for up to 12 cells. The SBData command set only defines four cell-voltage registers.) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 21 bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com SBS Standard Data Parameter List (Abridged) (1) Command Data Type Description 00 R/W word (unsigned) Manufacturer Access 01 R/W word (unsigned) Remaining Capacity Alarm Level 02 R/W word (unsigned) Remaining Time Alarm Level 03 R/W word (unsigned) Battery Mode 04 R/W word (unsigned) At Rate value used in AtRate calculations 05 Read word (unsigned) At Rate Time to Full 06 Read word (unsigned) At Rate Time to Empty 07 Read word (Boolean) At Rate OK 08 Read word (unsigned) Pack Temperature (maximum of all individual cells) 09 Read word (unsigned) Pack Voltage (sum of individual cell readings) 0A Read word (unsigned) Pack Current 0B Read word (unsigned) Average Pack Current 0C Read word (unsigned) Max Error 0D Read word (unsigned) Relative State of Charge 0E Read word (unsigned) Absolute State of Charge 0F Read word (unsigned) Remaining Pack Capacity 10 Read word (unsigned) Full Charge Capacity 11 Read word (unsigned) Run Time to Empty 12 Read word (unsigned) Average Time to Empty 13 Read word (unsigned) Average Time to Full 14 Read word (unsigned) Charging Current 15 Read word (unsigned) Charging Voltage 16 Read word (unsigned) Battery Status 17 Read word (unsigned) Cycle Count 18 Read word (unsigned) Design Capacity 19 Read word (unsigned) Design Voltage 1A Read word (unsigned) Specification Information 1B Read word (unsigned) Manufacture Date 1C Read word (unsigned) Serial Number 1D–1F Reserved 20 Read block (string) Pack Manufacturer Name (31 characters maximum) 21 Read block (string) Pack Device Name (31 characters maximum) 22 Read block (string) Pack Chemistry 23 Read block (string) Manufacturer Data 24–2E Reserved 2F R/W Block 30–3B Reserved 3C R/W word (unsigned) Optional Manufacturer Option 4 (Vcell 1) 3D R/W word (unsigned) Optional Manufacturer Option 3 (Vcell 2) 3E R/W word (unsigned) Optional Manufacturer Option 2 (Vcell 3) 3F R/W word (unsigned) Optional Manufacturer Option 1 (Vcell 4) 40 R/W word (unsigned) Optional Manufacturer Option 1 (Vcell 5) 41 R/W word (unsigned) Optional Manufacturer Option 1 (Vcell 6) 42 R/W word (unsigned) Optional Manufacturer Option 1 (Vcell 7) 43 R/W word (unsigned) Optional Manufacturer Option 1 (Vcell 8) 44 R/W word (unsigned) Optional Manufacturer Option 1 (Vcell 9, bq78PL114S12 only) (1) 22 Optional Manufacturer Function 5 Parameters 0x00–0x3F are compatible with the SBDATA specification. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 Command Data Type Description 45 R/W word (unsigned) Optional Manufacturer Option 1 (Vcell 10, bq78PL114S12 only) 46 R/W word (unsigned) Optional Manufacturer Option 1 (Vcell 11, bq78PL114S12 only) 47 R/W word (unsigned) Optional Manufacturer Option 1 (Vcell 12, bq78PL114S12 only) 48–4F Unused 50–55 Reserved 56–57 Unused 58–5A Reserved 5B–5F Unused 60–62 Reserved 63–6F Unused 70 Reserved 71–FF Unused NOTE: The bq78PL114 allows mapping of the eight cell voltage SBS locations to be different than its base address of 0x3C. The bq78PL114S12 does not support this feature. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 23 + - + - + - CELL1 CELL2 CELL3 C2 22uF C1 22uF MA21D3800L 2K R10 D10 D9 MA21D3800L 4.7uH L1 D5 MA21D3800L 2K R9 R30 R29 20K 20K FDC6327C Q1-A FDC6327C Q1-B 20K 20K FDC6327C Q2-A FDC6327C Q2-B R11 R12 Keep this connection to BATT- as short and Low Z as possible. C30 22uF L2 4.7uH D6 MA21D3800L 3300pF C13 3300pF C12 3300pF C15 3300pF C14 10uF C5 VLDO1 BZT52C12-7-F 12.0 VDC Q8 560K R40 200K R41 0.1uF C38 VSS 0.1uF C43 C11 1000pF 10uF C28 VLDO2 P4N P4S P3N P3S P2N P2S P1N VSS V1 V2 V3 V4 25 8 RSTN VLDO1 P-LAN 19 SDI3 18 SDO2 14 SDI1 13 SDO0 24 23 22 21 20 17 16 15 48 47 44 42 39 43 1000pF C45 MMBD4148SE TEMP-PCB Used for Device Temp. VSS Vcebr=65V BC846ALT1G Q9 9 star ground point located at R3 10K R44 1000pF VSS 1.0uF C39 1.0uF C40 1.0uF C41 C46 1000pF MMBD4148SE TEMP-FETS Used for Safety Events S D C27 100K R5 G 3 PRE CSBAT MMBFJ201 R45 30K 1.0M R46 C3 R3 0.005R 4.7K 1.0uF R27 C7 1000pF resistance 38 37 28 27 OSCO 12 OSCI 11 SMBDAT SMBCLK NC NC NC 26 5 EFCID 4 EFCIC 29 31 33 32 36 35 34 40 XT4 41 XT3 45 XT2 46 XT1 1.0M R59 LED5 LED4 LED3 LED2 LED1 LEDEN SELECT C61 0.1uF CCPACK C60 CSPACK 0.1uF equivalent 4.7K R28 6 2 bq78PL114 U4 CHG 1 CCBAT DSG 30 SPROT ZR1 TAB Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 49 Submit Documentation Feedback 7 24 10 Q10 100R R49 R50 D24 D25 D26 D27 D23 Q12 100R 30K R58 1.0M R43 1.0M R25 1.0M R6 VSS VLDO1 Q17 1.0M R60 VLDO1 200K 1.0M R51 1.0M R19 Vcebr=65V BC846ALT1G R56 R1 Z1 Q14 S1 0.1uF C4 BSS138 R54 5.6VDC 100R R55 FDV304P Q16 G R18 MMBFJ201 Vcebr=65V BC846ALT1G S D 100R Q15 Q11 100K 30K R52 560K R53 Q13 ZR2 1000pF T2 C8 C16 1000pF 1000pF MMBD4148SE T3 T1 TEMP-PCB = TEMP. OF U4 SMBUS-PORT 1 2 3 4 PACK- TEMP-FETS = FET TEMP. & USED FOR SAFETY. T3 = CELL 3 TEMP. T2 = CELL 2 TEMP. C6 MMBD4148SE MMBD4148SE 0.1uF C42 0.1uF C50 T1 = CELL 1 TEMP. 1.0M R17 BZT52C12-7-F 12.0 VDC S001 PACK+ bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com REFERENCE SCHEMATICS This configuration applies to the bq78PL114 only. The bq78PL114S12 has a different configuration for three-cell operation. Figure 8. bq78PL114 Reference Schematic (3 Series Cells) Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated CELL1 CELL2 CELL3 CELL4 CELL5 CELL6 CELL7 CELL8 CELL9 CELL10 - + CELL1 - + CELL2 - + CELL3 - + CELL4 - + CELL5 - + CELL6 - + CELL7 - + CELL8 - + CELL9 - + CELL10 C51 10uF C53 10uF C54 10uF C94 10uF C29 10uF P6N P6S P5N P5S P8N P8S P7N P7S P10S P9N P9S C95 10uF 8 7 6 5 15 12 8 7 6 5 15 12 8 7 6 5 15 12 P2N P2S P1N P1S V1 13 14 13 14 13 0.01uF C48 N/C 3 N/C 10 N/C 11 16 VPP 2 VLDO T2 T1 9 0.01uF C10 N/C 3 N/C 10 N/C 11 16 VPP 2 VLDO T2 T1 9 0.01uF C49 N/C 3 N/C 10 N/C 11 BQ76PL102 V2 U3 P2N P2S P1N P1S V1 T2 14 16 VPP 2 VLDO BQ76PL102 V2 U2 P2N P2S P1N P1S V1 T1 9 BQ76PL102 V2 U6 SDO 1 VSS 17 TAB SDI 4 SDO 1 VSS 17 TAB SDI 4 C9 10uF C52 C46 10uF C55 C92 10uF C96 T6 0.01uF T7 0.01uF T11 0.01uF C45 C57 C98 T5 0.01uF T8 0.01uF T12 0.01uF 12.0 VDC ZR1 VLDO1 VSS Q8 R40 R45 R5 100K 10K R44 100K Q9 R41 200K 560K C27 1.0M R46 0.1uF C43 C11 0.01uF 0.01uF 10uF C5 P4N P4S P3N P3S P2N P2S P1N VSS 1.0uF C39 1.0uF C40 1.0uF C41 1.0uF C44 C61 VSS 10uF C28 P4N P4S P3N P3S P2N P2S P1N VSS V1 V2 V3 V4 VLDO2 U4 25 8 30K R58 1.0M R59 ZR2 9 C3 4.7K 4.7K Various R3 1.0uF R27 C7 0.01uF R28 6 12 OSCO RSTN 38 37 28 27 26 OSCI 11 SMBDAT SMBCLK N/C N/C N/C 5 EFCID 4 EFCIC 29 31 33 32 36 35 34 40 XT4 41 XT3 45 XT2 46 XT1 LED5/SEG5 LED4/SEG4 LED3/SEG3 LED2/SEG2 LED1/SEG1 LEDEN/PSH/BP/TP FIELD 12.0 VDC bq78PL114S12 Q11 VLDO1 24 P-LAN 19 SDI3 18 SDO2 14 SDI1 13 SDO0 23 22 21 20 17 16 15 48 47 44 42 39 43 VSS Q12 200K R56 560K R53 Q13 CSBAT 0.1uF DSG 1 CHG 2 CCBAT SDO 1 VSS 17 TAB SDI 4 30 SPROT 3 PRE CCPACK C60 CSPACK 0.1uF TAB 49 Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 7 Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated 10 Q10 S1 R19 1.0M R6 R25 1.0M VSS 1.0M 100R R49 D24 D25 D26 D27 D23 100K R52 PACK- VSS R16 1.0M R17 R18 100R 1.0M R43 BC846ALT1G 200K R50 100R R15 Q15 12.0 VDC ZR3 Q16 R51 1.0M T1 C16 T3 C37 Z1 0.01uF 0.01uF 100R R54 0.01uF T2 0.01uF 5.6VDC 100R R55 C8 C6 T4 0.1uF C42 0.1uF C50 1 2 3 4 S002a SMBUS-PORT VSS PACK+ bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 Figure 9. bq78PL114S12 Reference Schematic (10 Series Cells) (Sheet 1 of 2) Submit Documentation Feedback 25 26 CELL8 CELL9 CELL10 C1 22uF C13 22uF C17 22uF L2 2.0K R9 4.7uH L1 2.0K R12 4.7uH D5 D6 D7 D8 R10 R11 R13 R14 20K Q1-A Q1-B 20K 20K Q2-A Q2-B 20K 3300pF C12 3300pF C2 3300pF C15 3300pF C14 P8N P9S P9N P10S Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 CELL1 CELL2 CELL3 CELL4 CELL5 CELL6 CELL7 22uF C90 22uF C91 C67 22uF C70 22uF C73 22uF C76 22uF VSS C62 22uF 2.0K R2 4.7uH L8 2.0K R8 4.7uH L9 2.0K R23 4.7uH L10 2.0K R47 4.7uH L11 2.0K R61 4.7uH L12 2.0K R64 4.7uH L13 2.0K R67 4.7uH L14 D1 D2 D3 D4 D19 D20 D21 D22 D28 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 20K 20K 20K 20K 20K 20K 20K 20K 20K 20K Q18-A Q18-B R21 Q19-A Q19-B R22 R26 Q20-A Q20-B R42 R48 Q21-A Q21-B R57 R62 Q22-A Q22-B R63 20K Q23-A R65 R4 20K Q23-B R66 20K Q24-A R68 R7 20K Q24-B R69 C77 3300pF C59 3300pF C58 3300pF C64 3300pF C63 3300pF C66 3300pF C65 3300pF C69 3300pF C68 3300pF C72 3300pF C71 3300pF C75 3300pF C74 3300pF C78 3300pF S002b P1N P2S P2N P3S P3N P4S P4N P5S P5N P6S P6N P7S P7N P8S bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com bq78PL114S12 Reference Schematic (10 Series Cells) (Sheet 2 of 2) Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated bq78PL114 www.ti.com................................................................................................................................................ SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009 100Ω 1µF 25V 1µF 25V 1 1µF 25V 1 2 3 3 BAT54STA 1 2 3 BAT54STA 1µF 25V 2 BAT54STA 1µF 25V 4.7µF 25V 1MΩ 1MΩ 1MΩ 1MΩ 1MΩ 1MΩ 1MΩ TPC FIELD SEG1 SEG2 SEG3 SEG4 SEG5 NTS4001NT1G bq78PL114S12 39 V4 PSH/BP/TP FIELD LED1/SEG1 31 1MΩ NTS4001NT1G 1MΩ NTS4001NT1G 29 LED2/SEG2 VLDO1 TAB Vss 49 48 NTS4001NT1G NTS4001NT1G 35 1MΩ LED5/SEG5 NTS4001NT1G 34 1MΩ LED4/SEG4 E-Ink SDC3 PET 5-Bar, Part Number: 520-1285 33 1MΩ LED3/SEG3 XF2L-0735-1/ OMRON/ZIFF 32 1MΩ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 NTS4001NT1G 36 8 S003 NOTE: For reference only. Actual display used may require different operating voltage. Consult with display vendor. Figure 10. Reference Schematic (Electronic-Paper Display Connections) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 27 bq78PL114 SLUS850B – SEPTEMBER 2008 – REVISED APRIL 2009................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com 1MΩ 1MΩ 1MΩ 1MΩ 1MΩ 1MΩ 44 V2 PSH/BP/TP LED1/SEG1 LED2/SEG2 31 1MΩ NTS4001NT1G 1MΩ NTS4001NT1G VLDO1 TAB Vss 49 48 BP S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S8 NTS4001NT1G 34 NTS4001NT1G 35 1MΩ LED5/SEG5 S7 33 1MΩ LED4/SEG5 S6 9 32 1MΩ LED3/SEG3 8 EXCEL 8-Segment Display 0408 To +ve of Cell 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 NTS4001NT1G bq78PL114S12 7 NTS4001NT1G 36 8 S004 NOTE: For reference only. Actual display used may require different operating voltage. Consult with display vendor. Figure 11. Reference Schematic (LCD Connections) 28 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008–2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): bq78PL114 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 8-Dec-2009 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty BQ78PL114RGZR ACTIVE VQFN RGZ 48 2500 TBD Call TI Call TI BQ78PL114RGZT ACTIVE VQFN RGZ 48 250 TBD Call TI Call TI Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. 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