PRODUCT PREVIEW PRELIMINARY DS1775 SOT23-5 Digital Thermometer and Thermostat www.dalsemi.com FEATURES § Temperature measurements require no external components § Measures temperatures from –55°C to +125°C. Fahrenheit equivalent is –67°F to 257°F § Thermometer accuracy is ±2.0°C § Thermometer resolution is configurable from 9 to 12 bits (0.5°C to 0.0625°C resolution) § Thermostat settings are user definable § Data is read from/written to via a 2–wire serial interface § Wide power supply range (2.7V – 5.5V) § Software compatible with DS75 2–Wire Thermal Watchdog in thermometer mode § Space–conscious SOT23–5 package with low thermal time constant PIN ASSIGNMENT SCL 1 GND 2 O.S. 3 5 SDA 4 VDD DS1775R SOT23-5 PIN DESCRIPTION GND SCL SDA VDD O.S. Ground 2–Wire Serial Clock 2–Wire Serial Data Input/Output Power Supply Voltage Thermostat Output Signal ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number Address DS1775R/TRL 000 DS1775R/TR1 001 DS1775R/TR2 010 DS1775R/TR3 011 * "R" denotes SOT 23-5 Package Part Number DS1775R/TR4 DS1775R/TR5 DS1775R/TR6 DS1775R/TR7 Address 100 101 110 111 DESCRIPTION The DS1775 SOT23-5 Digital Thermometer and Thermostat provides temperature readings which indicate the temperature of the device. Thermostat settings and temperature readings are all communicated to/from the DS1775 over a simple 2–wire serial interface. No additional components are required; the device is truly a “temperature–to–digital” converter. For applications that require greater temperature resolution, the user can adjust the readout resolution from 9 to 12 bits. This is particularly useful in applications where thermal runaway conditions must be detected quickly. The open–drain thermal alarm output, O.S., becomes active when the temperature of the device exceeds a user–defined temperature TOS. The number of consecutive faults required to set O.S. active is configurable by the user. The device can also be configured in the interrupt or comparator mode, to customize the method which clears the fault condition. 1 of 13 102299 DS1775 As a digital thermometer, the DS1775 is software compatible with the DS75 2–Wire Thermal Watchdog. The DS1775 is assembled in a compact SOT23–5 package allowing for low–cost thermal monitoring/control in space–constrained applications. The low thermal mass allows for time constants previously only possible with thermistors. Applications for the DS1775 include personal computers/servers/workstations, cellular telephones, office equipment, or any thermally–sensitive system. DETAILED PIN DESCRIPTION Table 1 PIN PIN 1 SYMBOL SCL PIN 2 PIN 3 GND O.S. PIN 4 PIN 5 VDD SDA DESCRIPTION Clock input/output pin for 2-wire serial communication port. This input should be tied to GND for standalone thermostat operation. Ground pin. Thermostat output Open-drain output becomes active when temperature exceeds TOS. Device configuration defines means to clear over-temperature state. Supply Voltage 2.7V – 5.5V input power pin. Data input/output pin for 2-wire serial communication port. In the standalone thermostat mode, this input selects hysteresis. OVERVIEW A block diagram of the DS1775 is shown in Figure 1. The DS1775 consists of five major components: 1. Precision temperature sensor 2. Analog–to–digital converter 3. 2–wire interface electronics 4. Data registers 5. Thermostat comparator The factory–calibrated temperature sensor requires no external components. Upon power–up, the DS1775 begins temperature conversions with the default resolution of 9 bits (0.5°C resolution). The host can periodically read the value in the temperature register, which contains the last completed conversion. As conversions are performed in the background, reading the temperature register does not affect the conversion in progress. In power–sensitive applications the user can put the DS1775 into a shutdown mode, under which the sensor will complete and store the conversion in progress and revert to a low–power standby state. In applications where small incremental temperature changes are critical, the user can change the conversion resolution from 9 bits to 10, 11, or 12. Each additional bit of resolution approximately doubles the conversion time. This is accomplished by programming the configuration register. The configuration register defines the conversion state, thermometer resolution/conversion time, active state of the thermostat output, number of consecutive faults to trigger an alarm condition, and the method to terminate an alarm condition. The user can also program over–temperature (TOS) and under–temperature (THYST) setpoints for thermostatic operation. The power–up state of TOS is 80°C and that for THYST is 75°C. The result of each temperature conversion is compared with the TOS and THYST setpoints. The DS1775 offers two modes for temperature control, the comparator mode and the interrupt mode. This allows the user the flexibility to customize the condition that would generate and clear a fault condition. Regardless of the mode chosen, 2 of 13 102299 DS1775 the O.S. output will become active only after the measured temperature exceeds the respective trippoint a consecutive number of times; the number of consecutive conversions beyond the limit to generate an O.S. is programmable. The power–up state of the DS1775 is in the comparator mode with a single fault generating an active O.S. Digital data is written to/read from the DS1775 via a 2–wire interface, and all communication is MSb first. DS1775 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 1 OPERATION–Measuring Temperature The core of DS1775 functionality is its direct–to–digital temperature sensor. The DS1775 measures temperature through the use of an on–chip temperature measurement technique with an operating range from –55°C to +125°C. Temperature conversions are initiated upon power–up, and the most recent result is stored in the thermometer register. Conversions are performed continuously unless the user intervenes by altering the configuration register to put the DS1775 into a shutdown mode. Regardless of the mode used, the digital temperature can be retrieved from the temperature register by setting the pointer to that location (00h, power–up default). The DS1775 power–up default has the sensor automatically performing 9–bit conversions continuously. Details on how to change the settings after power–up are contained in the “OPERATION–Programming” section. 3 of 13 102299 DS1775 The resolution of the temperature conversion is configurable (9, 10, 11, or 12 bits), with 9–bit readings the default state. This equates to a temperature resolution of 0.5°C, 0.25°C, 0.125°C, or 0.0625°C. Following each conversion, thermal data is stored in the thermometer register in two’s complement format; the information can be retrieved over the 2–wire interface with the device pointer set to the temperature register. Table 2 describes the exact relationship of output data to measured temperature. The table assumes the DS1775 is configured for 12–bit resolution; if the device is configured in a lower resolution mode, those bits will contain zeros. The data is transmitted serially over the 2–wire serial interface, MSb first. The MSb of the temperature register contains the “sign” (S) bit, denoting whether the temperature is positive or negative. For Fahrenheit usage, a lookup table or conversion routine must be used. Temperature/Data Relationships Table 2 S 26 25 -2 -3 2 23 22 21 (UNIT = °C) MSb -1 24 2 TEMP +125°C +25.0625°C +10.125°C +0.5°C +0°C -0.5°C -10.125°C -25.0625°C -55°C 2 -4 2 20 MSB LSb 0 0 DIGITAL OUTPUT (Binary) 0111 1101 0000 0000 0000 1010 0010 0000 0000 1010 0010 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 1000 0000 1111 0101 1110 0000 1110 0110 1111 0000 1100 1001 0000 0000 0 0 LSB DIGITAL OUTPUT (Hex) 7D00h 1910h 0A20h 0080h 0000h FF80h F5E0h E6F0h C900h OPERATION–Thermostat Control In its comparator operating mode, the DS1775 functions as a thermostat with programmable hysteresis, as shown in Figure 2. When the DS1775’s temperature meets or exceeds the value stored in the high temperature trip register (TOS) a consecutive number of times, as defined by the configuration register, the output becomes active and stays active until the first time that the temperature falls below the temperature stored in the low temperature trigger register (THYST). In this way, any amount of hysteresis may be obtained. The DS1775 powers up in the comparator mode with TOS=80°C and THYST=75°C and can be used as a standalone thermostat (no 2–wire interface required) with those setpoints. In the interrupt mode, the O.S. output will first become active following the programmed number of consecutive conversions above TOS. The fault can only be cleared by either setting the DS1775 in a shutdown mode or by reading any register (temperature, configuration, TOS, or THYST) on the device. Following a clear, a subsequent fault can only occur if consecutive conversions fall below THYST. This interrupt/clear process is thus cyclical (TOS, clear, THYST, clear, TOS, clear, THYST, clear, ...). Only the first of multiple consecutive TOS violations will activate O.S., even if each fault is separated by a clearing function. The same situation applies to multiple consecutive THYST events. 4 of 13 102299 DS1775 O.S. OUTPUT TRANSFER FUNCTION Figure 2 Regardless of the mode chosen, the O.S. output is open–drain and the active state is set in the configuration register. The power–up default is active low. Refer to the “OPERATION–Programming” section for instructions in adjusting the thermostat setpoints, thermostat mode, and O.S. active state. OPERATION–Programming There are three areas of interest in programming the DS1775: the configuration register, the TOS register, and the THYST register. All programming is done via the 2–wire interface by setting the pointer to the appropriate location. Table 3 illustrates the pointer settings for the four registers of the DS1775. Pointer Register Structure Table 3 POINTER 00h 01h 02h 03h ACTIVE REGISTER Temperature (default) Configuration THYST TOS The DS1775 will power up with the temperature register selected. If the host wishes to change the data pointer it simply addresses the DS1775 in the write mode (R/ W =0), receives an acknowledge, and writes the 8 bits that correspond to the new desired location. The last pointer location is always maintained so that consecutive reads from the same register do not require the host to always provide a pointer address. 5 of 13 102299 DS1775 The only exception is at power–up, in which case the pointer will always be set to 00h, the temperature register. The pointer address must always proceed data in writing to a register, regardless of which address is currently selected. Please refer to the “2–Wire Serial Data Bus” section for details of the 2– wire bus protocol. Configuration Register Programming The configuration register is accessed if the DS1775 pointer is currently set to the 01h location. Writing to or reading from the register is determined by the R/W bit of the 2–wire control byte (See “2–wire Serial Data Bus” section). Data is read from or written to the configuration register MSb first. The format of the register is illustrated below in Figure 3. The effect each bit has on DS1775 functionality is described below along with the power–up state of the bit. The user has read/write access to all bits in the configuration register. The entire register is volatile, and thus it will power–up in the default state. Configuration/Status Register Figure 3 0 MSb R1 R0 F1 F0 POL TM SD LSb SD = Shutdown bit. If SD is “0”, the DS1775 will continuously perform temperature conversions and store the last completed result in the thermometer register. If SD is changed to “1”, the conversion in progress will be completed and stored; then the device will revert to a low–power standby mode. The O.S. output will be cleared if the device is in the interrupt mode and remain unchanged in the comparator mode. The 2–wire port remains active. The power–up default state is “0” (continuous conversion mode). TM = Thermostat mode. If TM=“0”, the DS1775 is in the comparator mode. TM=“1” sets the device to the interrupt mode. See “OPERATION–Thermostat Control” section for a description of the difference between the two modes. The power–up default state of the TM bit is “0” (comparator mode). POL = O.S. Polarity Bit. If POL = “1”, the active state of the O.S. output will be high. A “0” stored in this location sets the thermostat output to an active low state. The user has read/write access to the POL bit, and the power–up default state is “0” (active low). F0, F1 = O.S. Fault Tolerance bits. The fault tolerance defines the number of consecutive conversions returning a temperature beyond limits is required to set the O.S. output in an active state. This may be necessary to add margin in noisy environments. Table 4 below defines the four settings. The DS1775 will power up with F0=F1=“0”, such that a single occurrence will trigger a fault. Fault Tolerance Configuration Table 4 F1 0 0 1 1 F0 0 1 0 1 Consecutive conversions beyond limits to generate fault 1 2 4 6 R0, R1 = Thermometer resolution bits. Table 5 defines the resolution of the digital thermometer, based on the settings of these two bits. There is a direct trade-off between resolution and conversion time, as depicted in the AC Electrical Characteristics. The default state is R0="0" and R1="0" (9–bit conversions). 6 of 13 102299 DS1775 Thermometer Resolution Configuration Table 5 R1 0 0 1 1 R0 0 1 0 1 Thermometer Resolution 9-bit 10-bit 11-bit 12-bit Max Conversion Time 0.15s 0.3s 0.6s 1.2s Thermostat Setpoints Programming The thermostat registers (TOS and THYST) can be programmed or read via the 2–wire interface. TOS is accessed by setting the DS1775 data pointer to the 03h location, and to the 02h location for THYST. The format of the TOS and THYST registers is identical to that of the Thermometer register; that is, 12–bit 2’s complement representation of the temperature in °C. The user can program the number of bits (9, 10, 11, or 12) for each TOS and THYST that corresponds to the thermometer resolution mode chosen. For example, if the 9–bit mode is chosen the 3 least significant bits of TOS and THYST will be ignored by the thermostat comparator. The format for both TOS and THYST is shown in Table 6. The power–up default for TOS is 80°C and for THYST is 75°C. Thermostat Setpoint (TOS/THYST) Format Table 6 S 26 25 -2 -3 24 23 22 21 (UNIT = °C) MSb -1 2 2 2 2 -4 0 20 MSB LSb 0 0 0 LSB TEMPERATURE/DATA RELATIONSHIPS TEMP DIGITAL OUTPUT DIGITAL OUTPUT (Hex) (Binary) 0101 0000 0000 0000 5000h +80°C 0100 1011 0000 0000 4B00h +75°C 0000 1010 0010 0000 0A20h +10.125°C 0000 0000 1000 0000 0080h +0.5°C 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000h +0°C 1111 1111 1000 0000 FF80h -0.5°C 1111 0101 1110 0000 F5E0h -10.125°C 1110 0110 1111 0000 E6F0h -25.0625°C 1100 1001 0000 0000 C900h -55°C If the user does not wish to take advantage of the thermostat capabilities of the DS1775, the 24 bits can be used for general storage of system data that need not be maintained following a power loss. 2–WIRE SERIAL DATA BUS The DS1775 supports a bi–directional 2-wire bus and data transmission protocol. A device that sends data onto the bus is defined as a transmitter, and a device receiving data as a receiver. The device that controls the message is called a “master”. The devices that are controlled by the master are “slaves”. The bus must be controlled by a master device which generates the serial clock (SCL), controls the bus access, and generates the START and STOP conditions. The DS1775 operates as a slave on the two–wire bus. Connections to the bus are made via the open–drain I/O lines SDA and SCL. The following bus protocol has been defined (See Figure 4): 7 of 13 102299 DS1775 • Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy. • During data transfer, the data line must remain stable whenever the clock line is HIGH. Changes in the data line while the clock line is high will be interpreted as control signals. Accordingly, the following bus conditions have been defined: Bus not busy: Both data and clock lines remain HIGH. Start data transfer: A change in the state of the data line, from HIGH to LOW, while the clock is HIGH, defines a START condition. Stop data transfer: A change in the state of the data line, from LOW to HIGH, while the clock line is HIGH, defines the STOP condition. Data valid: The state of the data line represents valid data when, after a START condition, the data line is stable for the duration of the HIGH period of the clock signal. The data on the line must be changed during the LOW period of the clock signal. There is one clock pulse per bit of data. Each data transfer is initiated with a START condition and terminated with a STOP condition. The number of data bytes transferred between START and STOP conditions is not limited, and is determined by the master device. The information is transferred byte–wise and each receiver acknowledges with a ninth bit. Within the bus specifications a regular mode (100kHz clock rate) and a fast mode (400kHz clock rate) are defined. The DS1775 works in both modes. Acknowledge: Each receiving device, when addressed, is obliged to generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte. The master device must generate an extra clock pulse which is associated with this acknowledge bit. A device that acknowledges must pull down the SDA line during the acknowledge clock pulse in such a way that the SDA line is stable LOW during the HIGH period of the acknowledge related clock pulse. Of course, setup and hold times must be taken into account. A master must signal an end of data to the slave by not generating an acknowledge bit on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. In this case, the slave must leave the data line HIGH to enable the master to generate the STOP condition. DATA TRANSFER ON 2–WIRE SERIAL BUS Figure 4 8 of 13 102299 DS1775 Figure 5 details how data transfer is accomplished on the two–wire bus. Depending upon the state of the R/W bit, two types of data transfer are possible: 1. Data transfer from a master transmitter to a slave receiver. The first byte transmitted by the master is the slave address. Next follows a number of data bytes. The slave returns an acknowledge bit after each received byte. 2. Data transfer from a slave transmitter to a master receiver. The first byte (the slave address) is transmitted by the master. The slave then returns an acknowledge bit. Next follows a number of data bytes transmitted by the slave to the master. The master returns an acknowledge bit after all received bytes other than the last byte. At the end of the last received byte, a ‘not acknowledge’ is returned. The master device generates all of the serial clock pulses and the START and STOP conditions. A transfer is ended with a STOP condition or with a repeated START condition. Since a repeated START condition is also the beginning of the next serial transfer, the bus will not be released. The DS1775 may operate in the following two modes: 1. Slave receiver mode: Serial data and clock are received through SDA and SCL. After each byte is received, an acknowledge bit is transmitted. START and STOP conditions are recognized as the beginning and end of a serial transfer. Address recognition is performed by hardware after reception of the slave address and direction bit. 2. Slave transmitter mode: The first byte is received and handled as in the slave receiver mode. However, in this mode, the direction bit will indicate that the transfer direction is reversed. Serial data is transmitted on SDA by the DS1775 while the serial clock is input on SCL. START and STOP conditions are recognized as the beginning and end of a serial transfer. SLAVE ADDRESS A control byte is the first byte received following the START condition from the master device. The control byte consists of a four bit control code; for the DS1775, this is set as 1001 binary for read and write operations. The next three bits of the control byte are the device select bits (A2, A1, A0). These bits are set to 000 (A2="0", A1="0", A0="0") for the DS1775R/TRL and vary according to the device's part number as specified in the "Ordering Information" section. They are used by the master device to select which of eight devices are to be accessed. The set bits are in effect the three least significant bits of the slave address. The last bit of the control byte (R/ W ) defines the operation to be performed. When set to a "1" a read operation is selected, and when set to a "0" a write operation is selected. Following the START condition, the DS1775 monitors the SDA bus checking the device type identifier being transmitted. Upon receiving the 1001 code and appropriate device select bits of 000, the DS1775 outputs an acknowledge signal on the SDA line. 9 of 13 102299 DS1775 2–WIRE SERIAL COMMUNICATION WITH DS1775 Figure 5 10 of 13 102299 DS1775 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Voltage on VDD, Relative to Ground –0.3V to +7.0V Voltage on any other pin, Relative to Ground –0.3V to +7.0V Operating Temperature –55°C to +125°C Storage Temperature –55°C to +125°C Soldering Temperature 260°C for 10 seconds * This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability. RECOMMENDED DC OPERATING CONDITIONS (–55°C to +125°C; 2.7V ≤VDD ≤5.5V) PARAMETER SYMBOL Supply Voltage VDD CONDITION MIN 2.7 TYP MAX 5.5 UNITS V NOTES 1 (–55°C to +125°C; 2.7V ≤VDD ≤5.5V) CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES 0.7 VDD VDD+0.5 V 1 -0.5 0.3VDD V 1 3 mA sink 0 0.4 V 1 current 6 mA sink 0 0.6 current 4 mA sink 0.8 V 1,9 current 0.4 < VI/O < -10 +10 2 µA 0.9VDD 10 pF 1 3,4 µA 3,4 Active Temp. 1000 µA Conversions Communication 100 only DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER Input Logic High Input Logic Low SDA Output Logic Low Voltage SYMBOL VIH VIL VOL1 VOL2 O.S. Saturation Voltage VOL Input current each I/O pin I/O Capacitance Standby Current Active Current CI/O IDD1 IDD ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: DIGITAL THERMOMETER PARAMETER Thermometer Error Resolution Conversion Time SYMBOL TERR tCONVT (–55°C to +125°C; 2.7V ≤VDD ≤5.5V) CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES 9, 10 –10°C to +85°C ±2.0 °C –55°C to 125°C ±3.0 9 12 bits ms 9-bit 125 150 conversion 10-bit 250 300 conversion 11-bit 500 600 conversion 12-bit 1000 1200 conversion 11 of 13 102299 DS1775 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: 2–WIRE INTERFACE PARAMETER SCL clock frequency Bus free time between a STOP and START condition Hold time (repeated) START condition LOW period of SCL (–55°C to +125°C; VDD =2.7V to 5.5V) SYMBOL CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES fSCL Fast Mode 400 KHZ Standard Mode 100 tBUF Fast Mode 1.3 µs Standard Mode 4.7 tHD:STA tLOW HIGH period of SCL tHIGH Set-up time for a repeated START Data hold time tSU:STA tHD:DAT Data set-up time tSU:DAT Rise time of both SDA and SCL signals Fall time of both SDA and SCL signals Set-up time for STOP Capacitive load for each bus line Input Capacitance tR tF tSU:STO Fast Mode Standard Mode Fast Mode Standard Mode Fast Mode Standard Mode Fast Mode Standard Mode Fast Mode Standard Mode Fast Mode Standard Mode Fast Mode Standard Mode Fast Mode Standard Mode Fast Mode Standard Mode µs 0.6 4.0 1.3 4.7 0.6 4.0 0.6 4.7 0 0 100 250 20+ 0.1CB 20+ 0.1CB 0.6 4.0 µs µs µs 0.9 0.9 300 1000 300 300 µs 6 ns 7 ns 8 ns 8 µs Cb 400 CI 5 5 pF 8 pF NOTES: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. All voltages are referenced to ground. I/O pins of fast mode devices must not obstruct the SDA and SCL lines if VDD is switched off. IDD specified with O.S. pin open. IDD specified with VCC at 5.0V and SDA, SCL = 5.0V, 0°C to +70°C. After this period, the first clock pulse is generated. The maximum tHD:DAT has only to be met if the device does not stretch the LOW period (tLOW ) of the SCL signal. 7. A fast mode device can be used in a standard mode system, but the requirement tSU:DAT ≥ 250 ns must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal. If such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal, it must output the next data bit to the SDA line tR MAX +tSU:DAT = 1000+250 = 1250 ns before the SCL line is released. 8. Cb – total capacitance of one bus line in pF. 9. Internal heating caused by O.S. loading will cause the DS1775 to read approximately 0.5? C higher if O.S. is sinking the max rated current. 10. Contact the factory in Dallas, (972) 371-4448, for operation requiring temperature readings greater than 120°C. 12 of 13 102299 DS1775 TIMING DIAGRAMS Figure 6 13 of 13 102299