G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Remote/Local Temperature Sensor, 2 Fan Controllers with SMBus Serial Interface and System Reset Circuit Features General Description Measures Two Remote and One Local The G768B contains a precise digital thermometer, 2 fan controllers, and a system-reset circuit. Temperatures No Calibration Required SMBus 2-Wire Serial Interface Programmable Under/Over-temperature Alarms Supports SMBus Alert Response Accuracy: ±5°C (-40°C to + 125°C, remote) ±3°C (+60°C to + 100°C, remote) +4.5V to +5.5V Supply Range Constant Fan Speed Control Built-in MOSFET switch Internal short-circuit protection PWM control for stable operation Watchdog for fan control Precision Monitoring of 5V Power-Supply Voltage 140ms Min Power-On Reset Pulse Width RESET Output The G768B is backward compatible with G768, Except that there is an additional watchdog function. This function prevents fan from being out of control when system fails. The thermometer reports the temperature of 2 remote sensors and its own package. The remote sensors are diode-connected transistors typically a low-cost, easily mounted 2N3904 NPN type that replace conventional thermistors or thermocouples. Remote accuracy is ±5°C for multiple transistor manufacturers, with no calibration needed. The remote channel can also measure the die temperature of other ICs, such as microprocessors, that contain an on-chip, diode-connected transistor. The 2-wire serial interface accepts standard System Management Bus (SMBusTM) Write Byte, Read Byte, Send Byte, and Receive Byte commands to program the alarm thresholds and to read temperature data. The data format is 7 bits plus sign, with each bit corresponding to 1°C, in two’s-complement format. Measurements can be done automatically and autonomously, with the conversion rate programmed by the user or programmed to operate in a single-shot mode. The adjustable rate allows the user to control the supply-current drain. Guaranteed RESET Valid to VCC=1V Power Supply Transient Immunity No External Components needed for reset function Small, 16-Pin SSOP Package Applications Desktop and Notebook Central Office Computers Telecom Equipment Smart Battery Packs Test and Measurement LAN Servers Multi-Chip Modules Industrial Controls G768B also contains a 2-channel fan speed controller. It connects directly to the fans and performs closed-loop control of the fan speed independently. The only external component required is a 10µF capacitor per channel. It determines the current fan speed based on the fan rotation pulses and an externally supplied clock. (To be continued) Ordering Information Pin Configuration G768B OUT1 1 16 OUT2 Vcc 2 15 Vcc DXP1 3 14 SMBCLK DXN 4 13 FG2 DXP2 5 12 SMBDATA RESET 6 11 ALERT GND 7 10 FG1 GND 8 9 CLK PART* TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE G768B -10°C to +85°C 16SSOP 16Pin SSOP TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 1 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. The G768B also contains a microprocessor (µP) supervisory circuit used to monitor the power supplies in µP and digital systems. They provide excellent circuit reliability and low cost by eliminating external components and adjustments when used with 5V-powered circuits. This circuit asserts a reset signal whenever the VCC supply voltage declines below a preset threshold, keeping it asserted for at least 140ms after VCC has risen above the reset threshold. The G768B has an active-low RESET output. The reset comparator is designed to ignore fast transients on VCC. Reset threshold of this circuit is set to 4.38V. It uses pulse width modulation (PWM) method and an on-chip MOSFET to control the fan speed to ±2% of the programmed speed. The desired fan speed is also programmed via SMBusTM. The actual fan speed and fan status can be read via the SMBusTM. Short-circuit protection is implemented to prevent damages to the fan and this IC itself. The G768B also turns on the fans by hardware watchdog system. The fan controller would fully turn on both fans when one of the following conditions happens. 1. when either of the remote temperature is higher than its own TMAX. 2.when either of these two remote diodes is open. 3.when both remote diodes are short The G768B is available in a small, 16-pin SSOP surface-mount package. Typical Operating Circuit 10µF IN OUT2 OUT1 10µF FAN1 IN FAN2 FG FG1 FG2 VCC VCC FG 10µF 10µF 10k EACH G768B DXP1 2N3904 2200pF DXN SMBCLK CLK RESET 2200pF SMBDATA SMBDATA ALERT 2N3904 SMBCLK INTERRUPT TO µC CLOCK 32.768kHz DXP2 RESET µP GND TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 2 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Absolute Maximum Ratings ESD Protection (other pins, human body model).2000V Continuous Power Dissipation (T A= +70°C) SSOP (de-rate 8.30mW/°C above +70°C)…….………667mW Operating Temperature Range………-10°C to +85°C Junction Temperature…………………....+150°C Storage temperature Range…………..-65°C to +165°C Lead Temperature (soldering,10sec)………….+300°C Vcc to GND……………….………….…….-0.3V to +6V DXP1, DXP2 to GND……………0.3V to (Vcc + 0.3V) DXN to GND…………………………...-0.3V to +0.8V SMBCLK, SMBDATA, ALERT to GND.-0.3V to +6V SMBDATA, ALERT Current…………-1mA to +50mA DXN Current……………………………..…………±1mA ESD Protection (SMBCLK, SMBDATA, ALERT , human body model)….…………………………….4000V Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Electrical Characteristics (Vcc = + 5V, TA = 60°C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER Temperature Sensor Temperature Resolution(Note 1) CONDITIONS Monotonicity guaranteed 8 Temperature Error, Remote Diode (Notes 2 TR = 0°C to +125°C and 3) TR = 60°C to +100°C Temperature Error, Local Diode (Notes 1 and 2) Including long-term drift TA = +60°C to +100°C Supply-Voltage Range Under-voltage Lockout Threshold Under-voltage Lockout Hysteresis Power-On Reset Threshold POR Threshold Hysteresis 5 3 -3.5 3.5 °C °C 4.5 5 5.5 V 2.95 Vcc , falling edge 1.0 2.8 50 1.7 50 3 V mV V mV Conversion Rate Timing Error Auto-convert mode Remote-Diode Source Current -5 -3 2.6 Conversion Time Average Operating Supply Current Bits Vcc input, disables A/D conversion, rising edge SMBus static Logic inputs forced to Vcc or Hardware or software GND standby, SMBCLK at 10kHz Auto-convert mode, average 0.25 conv/sec measured over 4sec. Logic 2.0 conv/sec inputs forced to Vcc or GND From stop bit to conversion complete(all channels) Standby Supply Current MIN TYP MAX UNITS 10 µA 200 94 250 300 300 350 125 156 ms 25 % -25 DXP forced to 1.5V 2.5 µA High level 120 160 200 Low level 15 20 25 4.5 5 5.5 V µA Fan Controller Supply voltage Shutdown current VCC Both fans’ speed = 0rpm 2 5 µA MOSFET on resistance Each channel 0.2 0.25 Ω Short-circuit current limit Each channel 0.5 Input logic low VIL Input logic high VIH Average Output current A 0.8 V 350 mA 2.4 V Each channel FG input Positive-going threshold voltage VCC=5V 1.8 V FG input Negative-going threshold voltage VCC=5V 0.7 V FG input Hysteresis voltage VCC=5V 1.1 V TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 3 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Electrical Characteristics (continued) (Vcc = + 5V, TA = 60°C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SMBus Interface Logic Input High Voltage Logic Input Low Voltage Logic Output Low Sink Current CONDITIONS SMBCLK, SMBDATA; Vcc = 4.5V to 5.5V MIN TYP 2.4 ALERT Output High Leakage Current ALERT forced to 5.5V Logic Input Current SMBus Input Capacitance SMBus Clock Frequency SMBCLK Clock Low Time SMBCLK Clock High Time SMBus Start-Condition Setup Time SMBus Repeated Start-Condition Setup Time SMBus Start-Condition Hold Time SMBus Start-Condition Setup Time SMBus Data Valid to SMBCLK Rising-Edge Time SMBus Data-Hold Time SMBCLK Falling Edge to SMBus Data-Valid Time Logic inputs forced to Vcc or GND SMBCLK, SMBDATA (Note 4) tLOW , 10% to 10% points tHIGH , 90% to 90% points tSU : STA , 90% to 90% points tHD: STA , 10% of SMBDATA to 90% of SMBCLK tSD: STO , 90% of SMBDATA to 10% of SMBDATA tSU: DAT , 10% or 90% of SMBDATA to 10% of SMBCLK tHD : DAT(Note 5) Master clocking in data UNITS V SMBCLK, SMBDATA; Vcc = 4.5V to 5.5V ALERT , SMBDATA forced to 0.4V MAX 0.8 6 -2 1 µA 2 µA pF kHz µs µs µs ns 5 DC 4.7 4 4.7 500 V mA 100 4 4 800 µs µs ns 0 1 µs µs UNITS Electrical Characteristics (continued) (VCC =full range, TA= 60°C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER Reset Threshold SYMBOL CONDITIONS VTH MIN TYP MAX 4.2 4.4 4.5 Reset Active Timeout Period RESET Output Voltage Low RESET Output Voltage High 340 VOL VCC=VTH min ISINK =3.2mA VOH VCC>VTH max ISOURCE =5.0mA 0.4 VCC-1.5 V ms V V Note 1: Guaranteed but not 100% tested. Note 2: Quantization error is not included in specifications for temperature accuracy. For example, if the G768B device temperature is exactly +66.7°C, or +68°C (due to the quantization error plus the +1/2°C offset used for rounding up) and still be within the guaranteed ±3°C error limits for the +60°C to +100°C temperature range. See Table3. Note 3: A remote diode is any diode-connected transistor from Table1. TR is the junction temperature of the remote diode. See Remote Diode Selection for remote diode forward voltage requirements. Note 4: The SMBus logic block is a static design that works with clock frequencies down to DC. While slow operation is possible, it violates the 10kHz minimum clock frequency and SMBus specifications, and may monopolize the bus. Note 5: Note that a transition must internally provide at least a hold time in order to bridge the undefined region (300ns max) of SMBCLK's falling edge. TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 4 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. G768B Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION 1 2,15 OUT1 Vcc 3 DXP1 4 DXN 5 DXP2 PWM output, connect to fan 1 Supply Voltage Input , 4.5V to 5.5V. Bypass to GND with a 0.1µF capacitor. Combined Current Source and A/D Positive Input for remote-diode channel 1. Do not leave DXP1 floating; tie DXP1 to DXN if no remote diode on channel 1 is used. Place a 2200pF capacitor between DXP1 and DXN for noise filtering. Combined Current Sink and A/D Negative Input. DXN is common negative node of both remote diodes on channel 1 and 2. The traces of DXP1-DXN and DXP2-DXN pairs should be routed independently. The common DXN should be connected together as close as possible to the IC. DXN is internally connected to the GND pin for signal ground use. Combined Current Source and A/D Positive Input for remote-diode channel 2. Do not leave DXP2 floating; tie DXP2 to DXN if no remote diode on channel 2 is used. Place a 2200pF capacitor between DXP2 and DXN for noise filtering. 6 RESET 7,8 9 10 GND CLK FG1 11 ALERT 12 13 14 16 SMBDATA FG2 SMBCLK OUT2 RESET Output remains low while VCC is below the reset threshold, and for 240ms after VCC rises above the reset threshold. Ground Clock input for fan speed measurement. Fan1 pulse input. SMBus Alert (interrupt) Output, open drain. SMBus Serial-Data Input / Output, open drain. Fan2 pulse input. SMBus Serial-Clock Input. PWM output, connect to fan 2. Detailed Description The G768B (patents pending) is a 4-in-1 IC. It consists of one temperature sensor, 2 fan speed controllers and provides system-reset function. ADC and Multiplexer The ADC is an averaging type that integrates over a 60ms period (each channel, typical), with excellent noise rejection. The temperature sensor is designed to work in conjunction with an external micro-controller (µC) or other intelligence in thermostatic, process-control, or monitoring applications. The µC is typically a power-management or keyboard controller, generating SMBus serial commands by "bit-banging" general-purpose input-output (GPIO) pins or via a dedicated SMBus interface block. The multiplexer automatically steers bias currents through the remote and local diodes, measures their forward voltages, and computes their temperatures. All channels are converted automatically once the conversion process has started, either in free-running or single-shot mode. If one of the three channels is not used, the device still performs all measurements, and the user can simply ignore the results of the unused channel. If the remote diode channel is unused, tie DXPx to DXN rather than leaving the pins open. Essentially a 12-bit serial analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a sophisticated front end, the G768B contains a switched current source, a multiplexer, an ADC, an SMBus interface, 2 fan controllers, a reset circuit and associated control logic (Figure 1). The DXN input is internally connected to the ground node inside the chip to set up the analog to digital (A/D) inputs for a differential measurement. The worst-case DXP-DXN differential input voltage range is 0.25V to 0.95V. Temperature data from the ADC is loaded into two data registers, where it is automatically compared with data previously stored in four over/under-temperature alarm registers. Excess resistance in series with the remote diode causes about +1/2°C error per ohm. Likewise, 200µV of offset voltage forced on DXP-DXN causes about 1°C error. TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 5 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. CLK OUT1 FG1 FAN CONTROL FAN CONTROL CONTROL LOGIC SMBUS REGISTERS OUT2 FG2 VCC SMBCLK SMBDATA ALERT DXP1 + DXP2 + + ADC MUX DXN RESET CIRCUIT RESET + INTERNAL GROUND Fig 1. Functional Diagram Thermal Mass and Self-Heating Thermal mass can seriously degrade the G768B's effective accuracy. The thermal time constant of the SSOP-16 package is about 140sec in still air. For the G768B junction temperature to settle to within +1°C after a sudden +100°C change requires about five time constants or 12 minutes. The use of smaller packages for remote sensors, such as SOT23s, improves the situation. Take care to account for thermal gradients between the heat source and the sensor, and ensure that stray air current across the sensor package do not interfere with measurement accuracy. A/D Conversion Sequence If a Start command is written (or generated automatically in the free-running auto-convert mode), all three channels are converted, and the results of all measurements are available after the end of conversion. A BUSY status bit in the status byte shows that the device is actually performing a new conversion; however, even if the ADC is busy, the results of the previous conversion are always available. Remote-Diode Selection Temperature accuracy depends on having a good-quality, diode-connected small-signal transistor. Accuracy has been experimentally verified for all of the devices listed in Table 1. The G768B can also directly measure the die temperature of CPUs and other integrated circuits having on-board temperature-sensing diodes. The transistor must be a small-signal type with a relatively high forward voltage; otherwise, the A/D input voltage range can be violated. The forward voltage must be greater than 0.25V at 10µA; check to ensure this is true at the highest expected temperature. The forward voltage must be less than 0.95V at 200A; check to ensure this is true at the lowest expected temperature. Large power transistors don't work at all. Also, ensure that the base resistance is less than 100Ω. Tight specifications for forward current gain (+50 to +150, for example) indicate that the manufacturer has good process controls and that the devices have consistent VBE characteristics. Self-heating can significantly affect the measurement accuracy. Remote-sensor self-heating due to the diode current source is negligible. For the local diode, the worst-case error occurs when auto converting at the fastest rate and simultaneously sinking maximum current at the ALERT output, and both fans are working at low speeds. Table 1. Remote-Sensor Transistor Manufacturers MANUFACTURER Philips Motorola(USA) National Semiconductor(USA) MODEL NUMBER PMBS 3904 MMBT3904 MMBT3904 Note:Transistors must be diode-connected (base short -ed to collector). TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 6 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. ADC Noise Filtering The ADC is an integrating type with inherently good noise rejection, especially of low-frequency signals such as 60Hz/120Hz power-supply hum. Micro-power operation places constraints on high-frequency noise rejection; therefore, careful PC board layout and proper external noise filtering are required for high-accuracy remote measurements in electrically noisy environments. errors are swamped out. Use wide traces. Narrow ones are more inductive and tend to pick up radiated noise. The 10 mil widths and spacing recommended on Figure 2 aren't absolutely necessary (as they offer only a minor improvement in leakage and noise), but try to use them where practical. Keep in mind that copper can't be used as an EMI shield, and only ferrous materials such as steelwork will. Placing a copper ground plane between the DXP-DXN traces and traces carrying high-frequency noise signals do not help reduce EMI. High-frequency EMI is best filtered at DXP and DXN with an external 2200pF capacitor. This value can be increased to about 3300pF(max), including cable capacitance. Higher capacitance than 3300pF introduces errors due to the rise time of the switched current source. PC Board Layout Checklist Place the G768B close to a remote diode. Keep traces away from high voltages (+12V bus). Keep traces away from fast data buses and CRTs. Use recommended trace widths and spacing. Place a ground plane under the traces Use guard traces flanking DXP and DXN and connecting to GND. Route two DXPx-DXN pairs independently Connect the common DXN as close as possible to the DXN pin on IC. Place the noise filter and the 0.1F Vcc bypass capacitors close to the G768B. Nearly all noise sources tested cause the ADC measurements to be higher than the actual temperature, typically by +1°C to 10°C, depending on the frequency and amplitude (see Typical Operating Characteristics). PC Board Layout Place the G768B as close as practical to the remote diode. In a noisy environment, such as a computer motherboard, this distance can be 4 in. to 8 in. (typical) or more as long as the worst noise sources (such as CRTs, clock generators, memory buses, and ISA/PCI buses) are avoided. GND Do not route the DXP-DXN lines next to the deflection coils of a CRT. Also, do not route the traces across a fast memory bus, which can easily introduce +30°C error, even with good filtering, Otherwise, most noise sources are fairly benign. DXP1 DXN DXP1 DXN G768B DXN DXP2 Route the DXP and DXN traces in parallel and in close proximity to each other, away from any high-voltage traces such as +12VDC. Leakage currents from PC board contamination must be dealt with carefully, since a 20MΩ leakage path from DXP to ground causes about +1°C error. DXP2 GND Chip Boundary Fig 2(a) Connect the common DXN as close as possible to the DXN pin on IC. Route the 2 pairs of DXP1-DXN and DXP2-DXN traces independently (Figure 2a). Connect the common DXN as close as possible to the DXN pin on IC (Figure 2a). Connect guard traces to GND on either side of the DXP-DXN traces (Figure 2b). With guard traces in place, routing near high-voltage traces is no longer an issue. GND 10 MILS 10 MILS DXP MINIMUM 10 MILS Route through as few vias and crossunders as possible to minimize copper/solder thermocouple effects. DXN 10 MILS GND When introducing a thermocouple, make sure that both the DXP and the DXN paths have matching thermocouples. In general, PC board- induced thermocouples are not a serious problem, A copper-solder thermocouple exhibits 3µV/°C, and it takes about 200µV of voltage error at DXP-DXN to cause a +1°C measurement error. So, most parasitic thermocouple Fig 2 (b) Recommended DXP/DXN PC TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 7 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Twisted Pair and Shielded Cables For remote-sensor distances longer than 8 in., or in particularly noisy environments, a twisted pair is recommended. Its practical length is 6 feet to 12feet (typical) before noise becomes a problem, as tested in a noisy electronics laboratory. For longer distances, the best solution is a shielded twisted pair like that used for audio microphones. Connect the twisted pair to DXP and DXN and the shield to GND, and leave the shield's remote end unterminated. N = (CLK x 30) / (rpm x P) N : Count Number P : FG pulses number per revolution of fan. For CLK = 32768Hz, P = 2 ⇒N = 491520 / rpm For CLK = 16384Hz, P = 2 ⇒N = 245762 / rpm Some selected count numbers are shown below Table 2. Count numbers for P=2 Excess capacitance at DX_limits practical remote sensor distances (see Typical Operating Characteristics), For very long cable runs, the cable's parasitic capacitance often provides noise filtering, so the 2200pF capacitor can often be removed or reduced in value. Cable resistance also affects remote-sensor accuracy; 1Ω series resistance introduces about + 1°C error. Low-Power Standby Mode Standby mode disables the ADC and reduces the supply-current drain to less than 10µA. Enter standby mode via the RUN/STOP bit in the configuration byte register. In standby mode, all data is retained in memory, and the SMB interface is alive and listening for reads and writes. This is valid for temperature sensor only. rpm CLK=32768Hz CLK=16384Hz 968 1935 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 20000 30000 --254 246 164 123 98 82 70 61 55 49 25 16 254 127 123 82 61 49 41 35 31 27 25 12 8 To stop the fan, program the fan speed register to 255. This also makes the fan controller into power saving mode. Standby mode is not a shutdown mode. With activity on the SMBus, extra supply current is drawn (see Typical Operating Characteristics). In software standby mode, the G768B can be forced to perform temperature measurement via the one-shot command, despite the RUN/STOP bit being high. Controlling Fan at Lower Speed For stably controlling fans at lower rotataion speed, three schemes are recommended as below: 1.Use larger decoupling capacitors between FAN_OUT and GND. 2.Shunt a capacitor of 1µF-2µF on FG pin to GND. 3.Use fans with open-collector FG outputs. When controlling fans under lower rotation speed, the output voltage of FAN_OUT would be too low for fan to generate recognizable FG signals. Using decouple capacitors on FAN_OUT and FG is to increase the SNR on FG pins. While Using fans with open-collector FG outputs can thoroughly solve the problem, because the logic high level of FG would be fixed to 5V. Supply-current drain during the 125ms conversion period is always about 500µA. Slowing down the conversion rate reduces the average supply current (see Typical Operating Characteristics). In between conversions, the instantaneous supply current is about 25µA due to the current consumed by the conversion rate timer. In standby mode, supply current drops to about 3µA. at very low supply voltages (under the power-on-reset threshold). Reset Immunity Negative-Going VCC Transients In addition to issuing a reset to the microprocessor (µP) during power-up, power-down, and brownout conditions, the G768B is relatively immune to short duration negative-going VCC transients (glitches). Typically, for the G768B, a VCC transient that goes 100mV below the reset threshold and lasts 20µs or less will not cause a reset pulse. A 0.1µF bypass capacitor mounted as close as possible to the VCC pin provides additional transient immunity. Fan Controller The fan speed is measured by counting the number of the CLK pin period between the rising edges of two fan speed pulses on FG pin. In this way, we are actually measuring the period of the fan speed. To avoid the cost of doing division to obtain the speed, this count number, N, is used in the PWM control algorithm, thus, the desired fan speed should be programmed by writing the corresponding count number. The count number is given by: TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 8 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Ensuring a Valid Reset Output Down to VCC = 0V SMBus Digital Interface From a software perspective, the G768B appears as a set of byte-wide registers that contain temperature data, alarm threshold values, fan speed data, or control bits, A standard SMBus 2-wire serial interface is used to read temperature data and write control bits and alarm threshold data. Each A/D and fan control channel within the device responds to the same SMBus slave address for normal reads and writes. When VCC falls below 1V, the G768B RESET output no longer sinks current-it becomes an open circuit. Therefore, high-impedance CMOS logic inputs connected to RESET can drift to undetermined voltages. This presents no problem in most applications, since most µP and other circuitry is inoperative with VCC below 1V. However, in applications where RESET must be valid down to 0V, adding a pull-down resistor to RESET causes any stray leakage currents to flow to The G768B employs four standard SMBus protocols: Write Byte, Read Byte, Send Byte, and Receive Byte (Figure 5). The shorter Receive Byte protocol allows quicker transfers, provided that the correct data register was previously selected by a Read Byte instruction. Use caution with the shorter protocols in multi-master systems, since a second master could over-write the command byte without informing the first master. The temperature data format is 7bits plus sign in twos-complement form for each channel, with each data bit representing 1°C (Table3), transmitted MSB first. Measurements are offset by +1/2°C to minimize internal rounding errors; for example, +99.6°C is reported as +100°C. ground, holding RESET low (Figure 3). R1's value is not critical; 100kΩ is large enough not to load RESET and small enough to pull RESET to ground. Interfacing to Ps with Bi-directional Reset Pins Ps with bi-directional reset pins (such as the Motorola 68HC11 series) can connect to the G768B reset output. If, for example, the G768B RESET output is asserted high and the µP wants to pull it low, indeterminate logic levels may result. To correct this, connect a 4.7kΩ resistor between the G768B RESET output and the µP reset I/O (Figure 4). Buffer the G768B RESET output to other system components. Benefits of Highly Accurate Reset Threshold Most µP supervisor Ics have reset threshold voltages between 5% and 10% below the value of nominal supply voltages. This ensures a reset will not occur within 5% of the nominal supply, but will occur when the supply is 10% below nominal. BUFFER VCC G768B When using Ics rated at only the nominal supply ±5% this leaves a zone of uncertainty where the supply is between 5% and 10% low, and where the reset may or may not be asserted. RESET GND The G768B use highly accurate circuitry to ensure that reset is asserted close to the 5% limit, and long before the supply has declined to 10% below nominal. BUFFERED RESET TO OTHER SYSTEM COMPONENTS VCC 4.7k µP RESET GND Fig 4. Interfacing to µPs with Bi-directional Reset I/O VCC G768B RESET GND R1 100k Fig 3. RESET Valid to VCC = Ground Circuit TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 9 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Write Byte Format S Address ACK WR Command 7 bits ACK DATA 8 bits ACK P 8 bits 1 Slave Address: equivalent to chip-select line of a 3-wire interface Command Byte: selects, which register you, are writing to Data Byte: data goes into the register set by the command byte (to set thresholds, configuration masks, and sampling rate) Read Byte Format S Address WR ACK 7 bits Command ACK S Address 8 bits RD ACK DATA 7 bits /// P 8 bits Slave Address: equivalent to chip- select line Command Byte: selects, which register you, are reading from Slave Address: repeated due to change in data-flow direction Data byte: reads from the register set by the command byte Send Byte Format S Address ACK WR Command 7 bits ACK P /// P 8 bits Command Byte: sends command with no data usually used for one-shot command Receive Byte Format S Address ACK RD Data 7 bits 8 bits Data Byte: reads data from the register commanded by the last Read Byte or Write Byte transmission; also used for SMBus Alert Response return address S = Start condition Shaded = Slave transmission P = Stop condition /// = Not acknowledged Fig 5. SMBus Protocols Alarm Threshold Registers Four registers store alarm threshold data, with high-temperature (THIGH) and low-temperature (TLOW) registers for each A/D channel. If either measured temperature equals or exceeds the corresponding alarm threshold value, an ALERT interrupt is asserted. Table 3. Data Format (Twos-Complement) ROUND DIGITAL OUTPUT TEMP. TEMP. DATA BITS (°°C) (°°C) SIGN MSB LSB +130.00 +127.00 +126.50 +126.00 +25.25 +0.50 +0.25 +0.00 -0.25 -0.50 -0.75 -1.00 -25.00 -25.50 -54.75 -55.00 -65.00 -70.00 +127 +127 +127 +126 +25 +1 +0 +0 +0 +0 -1 -1 -25 -25 -55 -55 -65 -65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 111 111 111 001 000 000 000 000 000 111 111 110 110 100 100 011 011 1111 1111 1111 1110 1001 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 0111 0110 1001 1001 1111 1111 The power-on-reset (POR) state of both THIGH registers is full scale (0111 1111, or +127°C). The POR state of both TLOW registers is 1100 1001 or -55°C. Diode Fault Alarm There is a continuity fault detector at DXP that detects whether the remote diode has an open-circuit condition. At the beginning of each conversion, the diode fault is checked, and the status byte is updated. This fault detector is a simple voltage detector; if DXP rises above VCC - 1V (typical) due to the diode current source, a fault is detected. Note that the diode fault isn't checked until a conversion is initiated, so immediately after power-on reset the status byte indicates no fault is present, even if the diode path is broken. TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 10 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. rupt output pin is open-drain so that device can share a common interrupt line. The interrupt rate can never exceed the conversion rate. If the remote channel is shorted (DXP to DXN or DXP to GND), the ADC reads 0000 0000 so as not to trip either the THIGH or TLOW alarms at their POR settings. In applications that are never subjected to 0°C in normal operation, a 0000 0000 result can be checked to indicate a fault condition in which DXP is accidentally short circuited. Similarly, if DXP is short circuited to VCC, the ADC reads +127°C for both remote and local channels, and the device alarms. The interface responds to the SMBus Alert Response address, an interrupt pointer return-address feature (see Alert Response Address section). Prior to taking corrective action, always check to ensure that an interrupt is valid by reading the current temperature. Alert Response Address The SMBus Alert Response interrupt pointer provides quick fault identification for simple slave devices that lack the complex, expensive logic needed to be a bus master. Upon receiving an ALERT interrupt signal, the host master can broadcast a Receive Byte transmission to the Alert Response slave address (0001 100). Then any slave device that generated an interrupt attempts to identify itself by putting its own address on the bus. ALERT Interrupts The ALERT interrupt output signal is latched and can only be cleared by reading the Alert Response address. Interrupts are generated in response to THIGH and TLOW comparisons and when the remote diode is disconnected (for continuity fault detection). The interrupt does not halt automatic conversions; new temperature data continues to be available over the SMBus interface after ALERT is asserted. The interrupt output Table 4. Command-Byte Bit Assignments REGISTER RRTE2 RRTE1 RSL RCL RCRA RRHI2 RRLS2 RRHI1 RRLS1 WCA WCRW WRHA2 WRLN2 WRHA1 WRLN1 OSHT SET_CNT1 ACT_CNT1 FAN_STA1 SET_CNT2 ACT_CNT2 FAN_STA2 CHIP_TMP TMAX1 THYST1 TMAX2 THYST2 COMMAND POR STATE 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 0Dh 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h 12h 20h 21h 22h 30h 31h 32h 33h 34h 0000 0000b 0000 0000b N/A 0000 0000b 0000 0010b 0111 1111b (127) 1100 1001b(-55) 0111 1111b (127) 1100 1001b (-55) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1111 1111b 1111 1111b 10b 1111 1111b 1111 1111b 10b 0000 0000b 0100 0110b (70) 0011 1100b (60) 0100 0110b (70) 0011 1100b (60) FUNCTION Read 2nd remote temperature: returns latest temperature Read 1st remote temperature: returns latest temperature Read status byte (flags, busy signal) Read configuration byte Read conversion rate byte Read 2nd remote THIGH limit Read 2nd remote TLOW limit Read 1st remote THIGH limit Read 1st remote TLOW limit Write configuration byte Write conversion rate byte Write 2nd remote THIGH limit Write 2nd remote TLOW limit Write 1st remote THIGH limit Write 1st remote TLOW limit One-shot command (use send-byte format) Write 1st fan programmed speed register Read 1st fan actual speed register Read 1st fan status register Write 2nd fan programmed speed register Read 2nd fan actual speed register Read 2nd fan status register On-chip temperature 1st remote Tmax 1st remote Thyst 2nd remote Tmax 2nd remote Thyst not generate an acknowledge and continues to hold the The Alert Response can activate several different slave devices simultaneously, similar to the SMBus General Call. If more than one slave attempts to respond, bus arbitration rules apply, and the device with the lower address code wins. The losing device does ALERT line low until serviced (implies that the host interrupt input is level sensitive). Successful reading of the alert response address clears the interrupt latch. TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 11 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Command Byte Functions The 8-bit command byte register (Table 4) is the master index that points to the various other registers within the G768B. The register's POR state is 0000 0000, so that a Receive Byte transmission (a protocol that lacks the command byte) that occurs immediately after POR returns the current local temperature data. The one-shot command immediately forces a new conversion cycle to begin. In software standby mode ( RUN /STOP bit = high), a new conversion is begun, after which the device returns to standby mode. If a conversion is in progress when a one-shot command is received in auto-convert mode (RUN/STOP bit = low) between conversions, a new conversion begins, the conversion rate timer is reset, and the next automatic conversion takes place after a full delay elapses. zeros to these bits. This register's contents can be read back over the serial interface. Thermal Status Byte Functions The thermal status byte register (02h) (Table 6) indicates which (if any) temperature thresholds have been exceeded. This byte also indicates whether or not the ADC is converting and whether there is an open circuit in the remote diode DXPx-DXN path. After POR, the normal state of all the flag bits is zero, assuming none of the alarm conditions are present. The status byte is cleared by any successful read of the status, unless the fault persists. Note that the ALERT interrupt latch is not automatically cleared when the status flag bit is cleared. When reading the status byte, you must check for internal bus collisions caused by asynchronous ADC timing, or else disable the ADC prior to reading the status byte (via the RUN/STOP bit in the configuration byte). In one-shot mode, read the status byte only after the conversion is complete, which is 150ms max after the one-shot conversion is commanded. Thermal Configuration Byte Functions The configuration byte register (Table 5) is used to mask (disable) interrupts and to put the device in software standby mode. The lower six bits are internally set to (XX1111), making them "don't care" bits. Write Table 5. Configuration-Byte Bit Assignments BIT NAME POR STATE 7 (MSB) MASK 0 6 RUN / STOP 0 5-0 RFU 0 FUNCTION Masks all ALERT interrupts when high. Standby mode control bit. If high, the device immediately stops converting and enters standby mode. If low, the device converts in either one-shot or timer mode. Reserved for future use Table 6. Status-Byte Bit Assignments BIT NAME 7(MSB) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0(LSB) BUSY RHIGH2* RLOW2* RHIGH1* RLOW1* OPEN* RFU RFU FUNCTION A high indicates that the ADC is busy converting. A high indicates that the 2nd diode high-temperature alarm has activated. A high indicates that the 2nd diode low-temperature alarm has activated. A high indicates that the 1st diode high-temperature alarm has activated. A high indicates that the 1st diode low-temperature alarm has activated. A high indicates a remote-diode continuity (open-circuit) fault. Reserved for future use (returns 0) Reserved for future use (returns 0) *These flags stay high until cleared by POR, or until the status byte register is read. Table 7. Conversion-Rate Control Byte DATA CONVERSION RATE (Hz) Temperature Sensor Average Supply Current (µ µA TYP, at Vcc = 5V) 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h to FFh 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 RFU 30 33 35 48 70 128 225 425 - TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 12 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Table 8. RLTS and RRTE Temp Register Update Timing Chart OPERATING MODE CONVERSION INITIATED BY: NEW CONVERSION RATE (CHANGED VIA WRITE TO CRW) TIME UNTIL RLTS AND RRTE ARE UPDATED Auto-Convert Power-on reset N/A (0.25Hz) Auto-Convert 1-shot command, while idling between automatic conversions N/A 156ms max Auto-Convert 1-shot command that occurs during a conversion N/A When current conversion is complete (1-shot is ignored) Auto-Convert Rate timer 0.0625Hz 20sec 156ms max Auto-Convert Rate timer 0.125Hz 10sec Auto-Convert Rate timer 0.25Hz 5sec Auto-Convert Rate timer 0.5Hz 2.5sec Auto-Convert Rate timer 1Hz 1.25sec Auto-Convert Rate timer 2Hz 625ms Auto-Convert Rate timer 4Hz 312.5ms Auto-Convert Rate timer 8Hz 237.5ms Software Standby RUN/STOP bit N/A 156ms Software Standby 1-shot command N/A 156ms 156ms maximum) after initiating a conversion, whether conversion is initiated via the RUN/STOP bit, one-shot command, or initial power-up. Changing the conversion rate can also affect the delay until new results are available. See Table 8. To check for internal bus collisions, read the status byte. If the least significant seven bits are ones, discard the data and read the status byte again. The status bits LHIGH, LLOW, RHIGH, and RLOW are refreshed on the SMBus clock edge immediately following the stop condition, so there is no danger of losing temperature-related status data as a result of an internal bus collision. The OPEN status bit (diode continuity fault) is only refreshed at the beginning of a conversion, so OPEN data is lost. The ALERT interrupt latch is independent of the status byte register, so no false alerts are generated by an internal bus collision. Programmed fan speed register The programmed fan speed registers (10h for fan 1, 20h for fan 2) are read/write registers. They contain the count number of the desired fan speed. Power up default is FFh. Actual fan speed register The actual fan speed registers (11h for fan 1, 21h for fan 2) are read only. They contain the count number of the actual fan speed. Power up default is FFh. When auto-converting, if the THIGH and TLOW limits are close together, it's possible for both high-temp and low-temp status bits to be set, depending on the amount of time between status read operations (especially when converting at the fastest rate). In these circumstances, it's best not to rely on the status bits to indicate reversals in long-term temperature changes and instead use a current temperature reading to establish the trend direction. Fan status register The fan status registers (12h for fan1, 22h for fan 2) are read only. Its bit 0 is set to 1 when the actual fan speed is ±20% outside the desired speed. Its bit 1 is set to 1 when fan speed is below 1920 rpm. Power up default is 0000_0010b. Watchdog for fan control Four temperature threshold registers intervene the control of fans. Both pin OUT1 and pin OUT2 go high when one of the remote temperature, DX1 and DX2, rises above the respective Tmax. The control is not released until both temperature values drop below their Thyst. Besides, the fan controller also fully turns on both fans when either of the two remote diodes is open or both are short. The power-up default values for Tmax and Thyst are +70°C and +60°C, respectively. This allows the G768B to be used in the occasion when system fails and loses the fan control of G768B. Temperature Conversion Rate Byte The conversion rate register (Table 7) programs the time interval between conversions in free running auto-convert mode. This variable rate control reduces the supply current in portable-equipment applications. The conversion rate byte's POR state is 02h (0.25Hz). The G768B looks only at the 3 LSB bits of this register, so the upper 5 bits are "don't care" bits, which should be set to zero. The conversion rate tolerance is ±25% at any rate setting. Valid A/D conversion results for all channels are available one total conversion time (125ms nominal, 156ms TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 13 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Slave Addresses The G768B appears to the SMBus as one device having a common address for all the ADC and fan control channels. The device address is fixed to be 7Ah for write and 7Bh for read. The G768B also responds to the SMBus Alert Response slave address (see the Alert Response Address section). data in memory and causing erratic behavior, a POR voltage detector monitors Vcc and clears the memory if Vcc falls below 1.7V (typical, see Electrical Characteristics table). When power is first applied and Vcc rises above 1.75V (typical), the logic blocks begin operating, although reads and writes at VCC levels below 3V are not recommended. A second Vcc comparator, the ADC UVLO comparator, prevents the ADC from converting until there is sufficient headroom (Vcc = 2.8V typical). POR and UVLO The G768B has a volatile memory. To prevent ambiguous power-supply conditions from corrupting the Power-Up Defaults: mote Receive Byte queries. Interrupt latch is cleared. ADC begins auto /converting at a 0.25Hz rate. Command byte is set to 00h to facilitate quick re- A B tLOW tHIGH C D THIGH and TLOW registers are set to max and min limits, respectively. G E F H I J K M L SMBCLK SMBDATA tSU:STA tHD:STA tHD:DAT tSU:DAT tSU:STO tBUF Figure 6. SMBus Write Timing Diagram A = start condition B = MSB of address clocked into slave C = LSB of address clocked into slave D = R / W bit clocked into slave E = slave pulls SMBData line low F = acknowledge bit clocked into master G = MSB of data clocked into slave A B tLOW tHIGH H = LSB of data clocked into slave I = slave pulls SMBDATA line low J = acknowledge clocked into master K = acknowledge clocked pulse L = stop condition data executed by slave M = new start condition C D E F G H J I K SMBCLK SMBDATA tSU:STA tHD :STA tSU:STO tSU:DAT tBUF Figure 7. SMBus Read Timing Diagram A = start condition B = MSB of address clocked into slave C = LSB of address clocked into slave D = R / W bit clocked into slave E = slave pulls SMBDATA line low F =acknowledge bit clocked into master G = MSB of data clocked into master H = LSB of data clocked into master I = acknowledge clocked pulse J = stop condition K= new start condition TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 14 G768B Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Package Information C E1 E L D θ 7° (4X) A2 e y A A1 b Note: 1. Package body sizes exclude mold flash and gate burrs 2. Dimension L is measured in gage plane 3. Tolerance 0.10mm unless other wise specified 4. Controlling dimension is millimeter converted inch dimensions are not necessarily exact. SYMBOLS A A1 A2 b C D E E1 e L y θ MIN DIMENSION IN MM NOM MAX MIN DIMENSION IN INCH NOM MAX 1.35 0.10 ----0.20 0.19 4.80 5.80 3.80 ----0.40 ----0º 1.60 ----1.45 0.25 ----------------0.64 ------------- 1.75 0.25 ----0.30 0.25 5.00 6.20 4.00 ----1.27 0.10 8º 0.053 0.004 ----0.008 0.007 0.189 0.228 0.150 ----0.016 ----0º 0.064 ----0.057 0.010 ----------------0.025 ------------- 0.069 0.010 ----0.012 0.010 0.197 0.244 0.157 ----0.050 0.004 8º Taping Specification Feed Direction Typical SSOP Package Orientation GMT Inc. does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and GMT Inc. reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.3 Oct 28, 2002 15