HIGH VOLTAGE POWER OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS PA89 • PA89A HTTP://WWW.APEXMICROTECH.COM M I C R O T E C H N O L O G Y (800) 546-APEX (800) 546-2739 FEATURES • • • • • • 1140V P-P SIGNAL OUTPUT WIDE SUPPLY RANGE — ±75V to ±600V PROGRAMMABLE CURRENT LIMIT 75 mA CONTINUOUS OUTPUT CURRENT HERMETIC SEALED PACKAGE INPUT PROTECTION PATENTED APPLICATIONS • • • • PIEZOELECTRIC POSITIONING HIGH VOLTAGE INSTRUMENTATION ELECTROSTATIC DEFLECTION SEMICONDUCTOR TESTING TYPICAL APPLICATION DESCRIPTION The PA89 is an ultra high voltage, MOSFET operational amplifier designed for output currents up to 75 mA. Output voltages can swing over 1000V p-p. The safe operating area (SOA) has no second breakdown limitations and can be observed with all types of loads by choosing an appropriate current limiting resistor. High accuracy is achieved with a cascode input circuit configuration and 120dB open loop gain. All internal biasing is referenced to a bootstrapped zenerMOSFET current source, giving the PA89 a wide supply range and excellent supply rejection. The MOSFET output stage is biased for class A/B linear operation. External compensation provides user flexibility. The PA89 is 100% gross leak tested to military standards for long term reliability. This hybrid integrated circuit utilizes a beryllia (BeO) substrate, thick film resistors, ceramic capacitors and semiconductor chips to maximize reliability, minimize size and give top performance. Ultrasonically bonded aluminum wires provide reliable interconnections at all operating temperatures. The MO-127 High Voltage, Power Dip™ package is hermetically sealed and electrically isolated. SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC 8 +VS D1 Q2 Q19 D57 COMP 9 10 –IN 1 Q22 Q25A Q23 Q25B Q20 50R +600V +600V R R A1 PA89 V IN A2 PA89 Q29 –600V –600V SINGLE AXIS MICRO-POSITIONING EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS* RESERVED –IN +IN 1 12 2 11 N/C 3 N/C 4 TOP VIEW 10 RESERVED CC COMP 9 5 8 6 7 OUT RC D34 D31 Q42 Q44 Q45 D5 –VS 5 COMP +VS CL 7 6 OUT Cn PIEZO TRANSDUCER R CL = +IN 2 Q36 D30 D35 CL Q26 50R 50R –VS Q5 Q1 Ultra-high voltage capability combined with the bridge amplifier configuration makes it possible to develop +/–1000 volt peak swings across a piezo element. A high gain of –50 for A1 insures stability with the capacitive load, while “noise-gain” compensation Rn and Cn on A2 insure the stability of A2 by operating in a noise gain of 50. .7 I LIM R CL PHASE COMPENSATION Gain 1 10 15 100 CC 470pF 68pF 33pF 15pF RC 470Ω 220Ω 220Ω 220Ω Note: CC must be rated for full supply voltage –Vs to +Vs. See details under “EXTERNAL COMPONENTS”. APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 • FAX (520) 888-3329 • ORDERS (520) 690-8601 • EMAIL [email protected] ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SPECIFICATIONS PA89 • PA89A SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +VS to –VS OUTPUT CURRENT, within SOA POWER DISSIPATION, internal at TC = 25°C INPUT VOLTAGE, differential INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode TEMPERATURE, pin solder - 10s max TEMPERATURE, junction2 TEMPERATURE, storage OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE, case SPECIFICATIONS PARAMETER 1200V 100mA 40W ±25V ±VS 25V 300°C 150°C –65 to 125°C –55 to 125°C ± ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PA89 TEST CONDITIONS 1 MIN PA89A TYP MAX .5 10 7 75 5 .01 5 105 4 2 30 MIN TYP MAX UNITS .25 5 * * 3 * 3 * * .5 10 mV µV/°C µV/V µV/kh pA pA/V pA MΩ pF V dB µV RMS INPUT Full temperature range Full temperature range Full temperature range, VCM = ±90V 10kHz BW, RS = 10K, CC = 15pF ±VS 50 96 RL = 10k, CC = 15pF RL = 10k, CC = 15pF, AV = 100 RL = 10k, CC = 15pF, VO = 500V p-p Full temperature range, AV = 10 108 50 50 ± OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. supply OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. time BIAS CURRENT, initial3 BIAS CURRENT,vs. supply OFFSET CURRENT, initial3 INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC INPUT CAPACITANCE COMMON MODE VOLTAGE RANGE4 COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC INPUT NOISE * * 110 4 10 20 * GAIN OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT POWER BANDWIDTH PHASE MARGIN 120 10 5 60 * * * * * dB MHz kHz ° * * * * * * V V mA V/µs nF OUTPUT ±VS 30 ±VS 15 ±VS 20 ±VS 12 75 12 16 ± ± IO = 75mA Full temperature range, IO = 20mA Full temperature range CC = 15pF, AV = 100 Full temperature range Full temperature range RL = 10KΩ, 10V step, Av = 10 ± ± VOLTAGE SWING4 VOLTAGE SWING4 CURRENT, continuous SLEW RATE CAPACITIVE LOAD, Av = 10 CAPACITIVE LOAD, Av>10 SETTLING TIME to .1% * 1 SOA * * 2 * µs POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE, VS4 CURRENT, quiescent Full temperature range ±75 ±500 4.8 ±600 6.0 2.1 3.3 15 2.3 3.5 * * * * * V mA * * * * * °C/W °C/W °C/W °C THERMAL RESISTANCE, AC, junction to case5 RESISTANCE, DC, junction to case RESISTANCE, junction to air TEMPERATURE RANGE, case NOTES: * 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. CAUTION Full temperature range, F > 60Hz Full temperature range, F < 60Hz Full temperature range Meets full range specifications –25 +85 * * The specification of PA89A is identical to the specification for PA89 in applicable column to the left. Unless otherwise noted: TC = 25°C, CC = 68pF, RC = 220Ω, and VS = ±500V. Input parameters for bias currents and offset voltage are ± values given. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation to achieve high MTTF. Doubles for every 10°C of temperature increase. +VS and –VS denote the positive and negative supply rail respectively. Rating applies only if the output current alternates between both output transistors at a rate faster than 60Hz. The PA89 is constructed from MOSFET transistors. ESD handling procedures must be observed. The internal substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not break the seal. If accidentally broken, do not crush, machine, or subject to temperatures in excess of 850°C to avoid generating toxic fumes. APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • 5980 NORTH SHANNON ROAD • TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 • USA • APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 1 (800) 546-2739 POWER DERATING 40 33pf, 220 Ω –45 32 –90 PHASE, Φ (°) 24 –135 16 68pf, 220 Ω –180 8 –225 0 –270 15pf, 220 Ω 33pf, 220 Ω 80 60 40 68pf, 220 Ω 0 CC , RC 1 25 20 15 10 5 0 SLEW RATE VS COMP SLEW RATE, (V/ µ S) 10 HARMONIC DISTORTION VS = ±500V C C = 15pf, R C = 220 Ω R L = 11K Ω A V = 100 1 VO = 800Vpp .1 VO = 600Vpp VO = 400Vpp .01 25 50. 100 0 75 EXT. COMPENSATION CAPACITOR, C C (pF) COMMON MODE REJECTION 80 60 40 20 0 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) VO = 100Vpp .001 30 100 300 1K 3K 10K 30K 100K FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 100 POWER SUPPLY REJECTION 80 60 40 20 0 QUIESCENT CURRENT 1.10 1.05 1.00 .95 .9 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE, VS (V) POWER RESPONSE 1200 1000 800 C C = 15pf 600 500 300 C C = 33pf C C = 68pf 100 1K R C = 220 Ω 3K 30K 10K FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 100K INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE 20 15 10 7 5 3 2 10 100 10K 1K FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 100K CURRENT LIMIT 100 CURRENT LIMIT, I LIM (mA) 5 1 25 75 100 50 OUTPUT CURRENT, I O (mA) 10 15 100 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M FREQUENCY F (Hz) OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING 30 DISTORTION, THD(%) 20 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 1 POWER SUPPLY REJECTION, PSR (dB) OPEN LOOP GAIN, A (dB) 100 –20 CC , RC OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (VPP ) SMALL SIGNAL RESPONSE 20 15pf, 220 Ω 25 50 75 100 125 150 CASE TEMPERATURE, T (°C) VOLTAGE DROP FROM SUPPLY, V S – VO (V) 0 120 COMMON MODE REJECTION, CMR(dB) PHASE RESPONSE 0 NORMALIZED QUIESCENT CURRENT, I Q (X) PA89 • PA89A INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE, e N (nV/ √ Hz) OUTPUT STAGE INTERNAL POWER DISSIPATION, P(W) TYPICAL PERFORMANCE GRAPHS 80 60 40 20 0 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 0 40 60 100 20 80 RESISTOR VALUE, R CL ( Ω) APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 • FAX (520) 888-3329 • ORDERS (520) 690-8601 • EMAIL [email protected] OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS PA89 • PA89A GENERAL Please read the “General Operating Considerations” section, which covers stability, supplies, heatsinking, mounting, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification interpretation. Additional information can be found in the application notes. For information on the package outline, heatsinks, and mounting hardware, consult the “Accessory and Package Mechanical Data” section of the handbook. STABILITY Although the PA89 can be operated at unity gain, maximum slew rate and bandwidth performance was designed to be obtained at gains of 10 or more. Use the small signal response and phase response graphs as a guide. In applications where gains of less than 10 are required, use noise gain compensation to increase the phase margin of the application circuit as illustrated in the typical application drawing. SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA) The MOSFET output stage of this power operational amplifier has two distinct limitations: 1. The current handling capability of the MOSFET geometry and the wire bonds. 2. The junction temperature of the output MOSFETs. NOTE: The output stage is protected against transient flyback. However, for protection against sustained, high energy flyback, external fast-recovery diodes should be used. The compensation capacitance CC must be rated for the full supply voltage range. For example, with supply voltages of ±500V the possible voltage swing across CC is 1000V. In addition, a voltage coefficient less than 100PPM is recommended to maintain the capacitance variation to less than 5% for this example. It is strongly recommended to use the highest quality capacitor possible rated at least twice the total supply voltage range. Of equal importance are the voltage rating and voltage coefficient of the gain setting resistances. Typical voltage ratings of low wattage resistors are 150 to 250V. In the above example 1000V could appear across the feedback resistor. This would require several resistors in series to obtain the proper voltage rating. Low voltage coefficient resistors will insure good gain linearity. The wattage rating of the feedback resistor is also of concern. A 1 megohm feedback resistor could easily develop 1 watt of power dissipation. Though high voltage rated resistors can be obtained, a 1 megohm feedback resistor comprised of five 200Kohm, 1/ 4 watt metal film resistors in series will produce the proper voltage rating, voltage coefficient and wattage rating. CURRENT LIMIT For proper operation the current limit resistor (RCL) must be connected as shown in the external connection diagram. The minimum value is 3.5 ohm, however for optimum reliability the resistor value should be set as high as possible. The value is calculated as follows with the maximum practical value of 150 ohms. SAFE OPERATING CURVES RCL = .7 I LIM When setting the value for RCL allow for the load current as well as the current in the feedback resistor. Also allow for the temperature coefficient of the current limit which is approximately -0.3% /°C of case temperature rise. EXTERNAL COMPONENTS CAUTIONS The very high operating voltages of the PA89 demand consideration of two component specifications rarely of concern in building op amp circuits: voltage rating and voltage coefficient. The operating voltages of the PA89 are potentially lethal. During circuit design, develop a functioning circuit at the lowest possible voltages. Clip test leads should be used for “hands off” measurements while troubleshooting. OUTPUT CURRENT FROM +VS OR –VS (mA) The safe operating area curves define the maximum additional internal power dissipation the amplifier can tolerate when it produces the necessary output to drive an external load. This is not the same as the absolute maximum internal power dissipation listed elsewhere in the specification since the quiescent power dissipation is significant compared to the total. 100 10mS 25°C 50 100mS 30 15 125°C 85°C 10 5 T = T CASE 3 100 200 300 500 800 1000 1200 SUPPLY TO OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE, VS – VO (V) POWER SUPPLY PROTECTION Unidirectional zener diode transient absorbers are recommended as protection on the supply pins. The zeners clamp transients to voltages within the power supply rating and also clamp power supply reversals to ground. Whether the zeners are used or not, the system power supply should be evaluated for transient performance including power-on overshoot and power-off polarity reversals as well as line regulation. Conditions which can cause open circuits or polarity reversals on either power supply rail should be avoided or protected against. Reversals or opens on the negative supply rail is known to induce input stage failure. Unidirectional transzorbs prevent this, and it is desirable that they be both electrically and physically as close to the amplifier as possible. This data sheet has been carefully checked and is believed to be reliable, however, no responsibility assumed forARIZONA possible inaccuracies All specifications are subject to change without notice. APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • 5980 NORTH SHANNON ROAD •isTUCSON, 85741 •or omissions. USA • APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 1 (800) 546-2739 PA89U REV. F FEBRUARY 1998 © 1998 Apex Microtechnology Corp.