TI TLK2521

SLLS574B − JULY 2003 − REVISED JANUARY 2004
Serializer/Deserializer
D High-Performance 64-Pin HTQFP Thermally
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Applications
On-chip PLL Provides Clock Synthesis
From Low-Speed Reference
Receiver Differential Input Thresholds
200 mV Min
Rated for Industrial Temperature Range
Power: 424 mW at 2.5 Gbps
Ideal for High-Speed Backplane
Interconnect and Point-to-Point Data Link
Passive Receive Equalizer
TXD2
TXD1
TXD0
GNDA
DOUTTXP
DOUTTXN
GNDA
VDDA
PREEMPH
VDDA
DINRXP
DINRXN
GNDA
RXD0
D
Enhanced Package (PowerPAD)
2.5-V Power Supply for Low Power
Operation
Selectable Signal Preemphasis Serial
Output
Interfaces to Backplane, Copper Cables, or
Optical Converters
Lock Indication and Sync Mode for Fast
Initialization
D 18-Bit Parallel Busses for Flexible Interface
1
64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49
48
2
47
3
46
4
45
5
44
6
43
7
42
8
41
9
40
10
39
11
38
12
37
13
36
14
35
15
34
33
16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
VDD
RXD3
RXD4
RXD5
RXD6
GND
RXD7
RX_CLK
RXD8
RXD9
VDD
RXD10
RXD11
RXD12
RXD13
GND
TXD14
GND
TXD15
TXD16
LOOPEN
TXD17
V DD
ENABLE
SYNC
LOCKB
TESTEN
GND
RXD17
RXD16
RXD15
RXD14
VDD
TXD3
TXD4
TXD5
GND
TXD6
TXD7
GTX_CLK
VDD
TXD8
TXD9
TXD10
GND
TXD11
TXD12
TXD13
RXD1
RXD2
D Hot Plug Protection
D 1 to 2.5 Gigabits Per Second (Gbps)
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
Copyright  2003 − 2004, Texas Instruments Incorporated
!"# "$! %#
%"! ! #!! # &# # #' "#
%% () %"! !#* %# #!#$) !$"%#
#* $$ ##
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description
The TLK2521 is a member of the WizardLink family of multi-gigabit transceivers, intended for use in high-speed
bidirectional point-to-point data transmission systems. The TLK2521 supports an effective serial interface
speed of 1 Gbps to 2.5 Gbps, providing up to 2.25 Gbps of data bandwidth.
The primary application of the TLK2521 is to provide high-speed I/O data channels for point-to-point baseband
data transmission over controlled impedance media of approximately 50 Ω. The transmission media can be
printed circuit board, copper cables, or fiber-optic cable. The maximum rate and distance of data transfer is
dependent upon the attenuation characteristics of the media and the noise coupling to the environment.
The TLK2521 can also be used to replace parallel data transmission architectures by providing a reduction in
the number of traces, connector pins, and transmit/receive pins. Parallel data loaded into the transmitter is
delivered to the receiver over a serial channel, which can be a coaxial copper cable, a controlled impedance
backplane, or an optical link. The data is then reconstructed into its original parallel format. It offers significant
power and cost savings over current solutions, as well as scalability for higher data rate in the future.
The TLK2521 performs the data parallel-to-serial, serial-to-parallel conversion, and clock extraction functions
for a physical layer interface device. The serial transceiver interface operates at a maximum speed of 2.5 Gbps.
The transmitter latches 18-bit parallel data at a rate based on the supplied reference clock (GTX_CLK). The
18-bit parallel data is internally encoded into 20 bits by framing the 18-bit data with a start and a stop bit. The
resulting 20-bit word is then transmitted differentially at 20 times the reference clock (GTX_CLK) rate. The
receiver section performs the serial-to-parallel conversion on the input data synchronizing the resulting 20-bit
wide parallel data to the extracted reference clock (RX_CLK). It then extracts the 18 bits of data from the 20-bit
wide data resulting in 18 bits of parallel data at the receive data pins (RXD0−17). This results in an effective data
payload of 900 Mbps to 2.25 Gbps (18 bits data x GTX_CLK frequency).
The TLK2521 is housed in a high performance, thermally enhanced, 64-pin HTQFP PowerPAD package. Use
of the PowerPAD package does not require any special considerations except to note that the PowerPAD, which
is an exposed die pad on the bottom of the device, is a metallic thermal and electrical conductor. It is strongly
recommended that the TLK2521 PowerPAD be soldered to the grounded thermal land on the board, since the
PowerPAD also constitutes a major electrical ground connection for the TLK2521. All ac performance
specifications in this data sheet are measured with the PowerPAD soldered to the test board.
The TLK2521 provides an internal loopback capability for self-test purposes. Serial data from the serializer is
passed directly to the deserializer allowing the protocol device a functional self-check of the physical interface.
The TLK2521 is designed to be hot plug capable. An on-chip power-on reset circuit holds the RX_CLK low and
places the parallel side output signal pins, DOUTTXP and DOUTTXN, into a high-impedance state during power
up.
The TLK2521 uses a 2.5-V supply. The I/O section is 3-V compatible. The TLK2521 is characterized for
operation from −40°C to 85°C.
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functional block diagram
TD(0−17)
18-Bit
Register
LOOPEN
DOUTTXP
18
Start/Stop
Encoder
Parallel to
Serial
20
DOUTTXN
Bit
Clock
PREEMPH
Multiplying
Clock
Synthesizer
GTX_CLK
TESTEN
Controls:
PLL,Bias,Rx,
Tx
ENABLE
Bit
Clock
Interpolator and
Clock Recovery
MUX
Recovered
Clock
LOCKB
RD(0−17)
18-Bit
Register
RX_CLK
18
Start/Stop
Decoder
20
Serial to
Parallel
MUX
DINRXP
DINRXN
transmit interface
The transmitter portion registers valid incoming 18-bit wide data (TXD[0:17]) on the rising edge of GTX_CLK.
The data is then framed with a start and a stop bit, serialized and transmitted sequentially over the differential
high-speed I/O channel. The clock multiplier multiplies the reference clock (GTX_CLK) by a factor of 10 times
creating a bit clock. This internal bit clock is fed to the parallel-to-serial shift register, which transmits data on
both the rising and falling edges of the bit clock providing a serial data rate that is 20 times the reference clock.
Data is transmitted LSB (D0) first.
transmit data bus
The transmit bus interface accepts 18-bit wide single-ended TTL parallel data at the TXD[0:17] pins. Data is
valid on the rising edge of GTX_CLK. The GTX_CLK is used as the word clock. The data and clock signals must
be properly aligned as shown in Figure 1. Detailed timing information can be found in the TTL input electrical
characteristics table.
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GTX_CLK
TXDn
tsu
th
Figure 1. Transmit Timing Waveform
transmission latency
The data transmission latency of the TLK2521 is defined as the delay from the initial 18-bit word load to the serial
transmission of bit 0. The transmit latency is fixed once the link is established. However, due to silicon process
variations and implementation variables such as supply voltage and temperature, the exact delay varies slightly.
Figure 2 illustrates the timing relationship between the transmit data bus, GTX_CLK, and serial transmit pins.
Detailed latency information can be found in the transmitter/receiver characteristics table.
Transmitted 20-Bit Word
DOUTTXP,
DOUTTXN
td(Tx latency)
TXD(0−17)
16-Bit Word to Transmit
GTX_CLK
Figure 2. Transmitter Latency
start/stop framing logic
All true serial interfaces require a method of encoding to insure minimum transition density so that the receiving
PLL has a minimal number of transitions in which to stay locked onto the data stream. The signal coding also
provides a mechanism for the receiver to identify the byte boundary for correct deserialization. The TLK2521
wraps a start bit (1) and a stop bit (0) around the 18-bit data payload as shown in Figure 3. This is transparent
to the user as the TLK2521 internally adds the framing bits to the data such that the user reads and writes actual
18-bit data.
start/stop framing logic (continued)
Stop Start
Bit
Bit
TD0
TD1
...
TD16 TD17
Stop
Bit
Start
Bit
Figure 3. Serial Output Data Stream with Start and Stop Bit
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parallel-to-serial
The parallel-to-serial shift register takes in the 20-bit wide data word multiplexed from the framing logic and
converts it to a serial stream. The shift register is clocked on both the rising and falling edge of the internally
generated bit clock, which is 10 times the GTX_CLK input frequency. The LSB (TD0) is transmitted first as
shown in Figure 3.
high-speed data output
The high-speed data output driver consists of a PECL-compatible differential pair that can be optimized for a
particular transmission line impedance and length. The line can be directly coupled or ac coupled. AC-coupling
is only recommended if the parallel TX data stream is encoded to achieve a dc-balanced data stream. See
Figure 11 and Figure 12 for termination details. No external pullup or pulldown resistors are required.
The TLK2521 provides a selectable signal preemphasis option for driving lossy media. The first bit of a run
length of same-value bits is driven to a larger output swing, which precompensates for signal inter-symbol
interference (ISI) in lossy media such as copper cables or printed circuit board traces due to preemphasis.
receive interface
The receiver portion of the TLK2521 accepts 20-bit framed differential serial data. The interpolator and clock
recovery circuit locks to the data stream and extracts the bit rate clock. This recovered clock is used to retime
the input data stream. The serial data is then aligned to the 20-bit word boundary by finding the start/stop bits,
and the 18-bit data is output on a 18-bit wide parallel bus synchronized to the extracted receive clock.
receive data bus
The receive bus interface drives 18-bit wide single-ended TTL parallel data at the RXD[0:17] pins. Data is valid
on the rising edge of RX_CLK. The RX_CLK is used as the recovered word clock. The data and clock signals
are aligned as shown in Figure 4. Detailed timing information can be found in the TTL output switching
characteristics table.
RX_CLK
RXDn
tsu
th
Figure 4. Receive Timing Waveform
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data reception latency
The serial-to-parallel data receive latency is the time from when the first bit arrives at the receiver until it is output
in the aligned parallel word with RXD0 received as first bit. The receive latency is fixed once the link is
established. However, due to silicon process variations and implementation variables such as supply voltage
and temperature, the exact delay varies slightly. Figure 5 illustrates the timing relationship between the serial
receive pins, the recovered word clock (RX_CLK), and the receive data bus. Detailed latency information can
be found in the transmitter/receiver characteristics table.
20-Bit Encoded Word
DINTXP,
DINTXN
R(latency)
RXD(0−17)
18-Bit Decoded Word
RX_CLK
Figure 5. Receiver Latency
serial-to-parallel
Serial data is received on the DINRXP and DINRXN pins. The interpolator and clock recovery circuit locks to
the data stream if the clock to be recovered is within ±100 PPM of the internally generated bit rate clock. The
recovered clock is used to retime the input data stream. The serial data is then clocked into the serial-to-parallel
shift registers.
synchronization mode
The deserializer PLL must synchronize to the serializer in order to receive valid data. Synchronization can be
accomplished in one of two ways.
rapid synchronization
The serializer has the capability to send specific SYNC patterns consisting of nine ones and nine zeros,
switching at the input clock rate. The transmission of SYNC patterns enables the deserializer to lock to the
serializer signal within a deterministic time frame. The transmission of SYNC patterns is selected via the SYNC
input on the serializer. Upon receiving a valid SYNC pulse (wider than 6 clock cycles), 1026 cycles of SYNC
pattern are sent.
When the deserializer detects edge transitions at the serial input, it attempts to lock to the embedded clock
information. The deserializer LOCKB output remains inactive while its clock/data recovery (CDR) locks to the
incoming data or SYNC patterns present on the serial input. When the deserializer locks to the serial data, the
LOCKB output goes active. When LOCKB is active, the deserializer outputs represent incoming serial data. One
approach is to tie the deserializer LOCKB output directly to the SYNC input of the transmitter.
random lock synchronization
The deserializer can attain lock to a data stream without requiring the serializer to send special SYNC patterns.
This allows the TLK2521 to operate in open-loop applications. Equally important is the deserializer’s ability to
support hot insertion into a running backplane. In the open-loop or hot-insertion case, it is assumed the data
stream is essentially random. Therefore, because lock time varies due to data stream characteristics, the exact
lock time cannot be predicted. The primary constraint on the random lock time is the initial phase relation
between the incoming data and the GTX_CLK when the deserializer powers up.
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random lock synchronization (continued)
The data contained in the data stream can also affect lock time. If a specific pattern is repetitive, the deserializer
could enter false lock—falsely recognizing the data pattern as the start/stop bits. This is referred to as repetitive
multitransition (RMT). This occurs when more than one low-high transition takes place per clock cycle over
multiple clock cycles. In the worst case, the deserializer could become locked to the data pattern rather than
the clock. Circuitry within the deserializer can detect that the possibility of false lock exists. Upon detection, the
circuitry prevents the LOCKB from becoming active until the potential false-lock pattern changes. Notice that
the RMT pattern only affects the deserializer lock time, and once the deserializer is in lock, the RMT pattern does
not affect the deserializer state as long as the same data boundary happens each cycle. The deserializer does
not go into lock until it finds a unique data boundary that consists of four consecutive start/stop bits at the same
position.
The deserializer stays in lock until it cannot detect the same data boundary (start/stop bits) for four consecutive
cycles. Then the deserializer goes out of lock and hunts for the new data boundary (start/stop bits). In the event
of loss of synchronization, the LOCKB pin output goes inactive and the outputs (including RX_CLK) enter a
high-impedance state. The user’s system should monitor the LOCKB pin in order to detect a loss of
synchronization. Upon detection of loss of lock, sending SYNC patterns for resynchronization is desirable if
reestablishing lock within a specific time is critical. However, the deserializer can lock to random data as
previously noted. LOCKB is held inactive for at least nine cycles after loss of lock is detected.
power-down mode
When the ENABLE pin is deasserted low, the TLK2521 goes into a power-down mode. In the power-down
mode, the serial transmit pins (DOUTTXP, DOUTTXN) and the receive data bus pins (RXD[0:17]) go into a
high-impedance state.
reference clock input
The reference clock (GTX_CLK) is an external input clock that synchronizes the transmitter interface. The
reference clock is then multiplied in frequency 10 times to produce the internal serialization bit clock. The internal
serialization bit clock is frequency locked to the reference clock and used to clock out the serial transmit data
on both its rising and falling edge clock providing a serial data rate that is 20 times the reference clock.
operating frequency range
The TLK2521 may operate at a serial data rate between 1 Gbit/s to 2.5 Gbit/s. GTX_CLK must be within ±100
PPM of the desired parallel data rate clock.
testability
The TLK2521 has a comprehensive suite of built-in self-tests. The loopback function provides for at-speed
testing of the transmit/receive portions of the circuitry. The ENABLE pin allows for all circuitry to be disabled so
that an IDDQ test can be performed.
loop-back testing
The transceiver can provide a self-test function by enabling (LOOPEN) the internal loop-back path. Enabling
this pin causes serial transmitted data to be routed internally to the receiver. The parallel data output can be
compared to the parallel input data for functional verification. (The external differential output is held in a
high-impedance state during the loop-back testing.)
power-on reset
Upon application of minimum valid power, the TLK2521 generates a power-on reset. During the power-on reset
the RXD pins are tri-stated. RX_CLK is held low. The length of the power-on reset cycle is dependent upon the
REFCLK frequency but is less than 1 ms in duration.
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Terminal Functions
TERMINAL
NAME
NO.
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
SIGNAL PIN
DOUTTXP
60
DOUTTXN
59
DINRXP
54
DINRXN
53
GTX_CLK
8
TXD0
62
TXD1
63
TXD2
64
TXD3
2
TXD4
3
TXD5
4
TXD6
6
TXD7
7
TXD8
10
TXD9
11
TXD1
12
TXD11
14
TXD12
15
TXD13
16
TXD14
17
TXD15
19
TXD16
20
TXD17
22
RXD0
51
RXD1
50
RXD2
49
RXD3
47
RXD4
46
RXD5
45
RXD6
44
RXD7
42
RXD8
40
RXD9
39
RXD10
37
RXD11
36
RXD12
35
RXD13
34
RXD14
32
RXD15
31
RXD16
30
RXD17
29
RX_CLK
41
8
Output
(High-Z
power up)
Serial transmit outputs. DOUTTXP and DOUTTXN are differential serial outputs that interface to
copper or an optical I/F module. These terminals transmit NRZ data at a rate of 20 times the GTX_CLK
value. DOUTTXP and DOUTTXN are put in a high-impedance state when LOOPEN is high and are
active when LOOPEN is low. During power-on reset, these pins are high impedance.
Input
Serial receive inputs. DINRXP and DINRXN together are the differential serial input interface from a
copper or an optical I/F module.
Input
Reference clock. GTX_CLK is a continuous external input clock that synchronizes the transmitter
interface TXD. The frequency range of GTX_CLK is 50 MHz to 125 MHz. The transmitter uses the
rising edge of this clock to register the 18-bit input data (TXD) for serialization.
Input
Transmit data bus. These inputs carry the 18-bit parallel data output from a protocol device to the
transceiver for encoding, serialization and transmission. This 18-bit parallel data is clocked into the
transceiver on the rising edge of GTX_CLK as shown in Figure 9.
Output
(High-Z on
power up)
Receive data bus. These outputs carry 18-bit parallel data output from the transceiver to the protocol
device, synchronized to RX_CLK. The data is valid on the rising edge of RX_CLK as shown in
Figure 10. These pins are tri-stated during power-on reset.
Output (low
on power up)
Recovered clock. Output clock that is synchronized to RXD. RX_CLK is the recovered serial data rate
clock divided by 20. RX_CLK is held low during power-on reset.
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Terminal Functions (Continued)
TERMINAL
NAME
NO.
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
SIGNAL PIN (CONTINUED)
SYNC
25
Input
(w/pulldown)
Fast synchronization. When asserted high, the transmitter substitute the 18-bit pattern
111111111000000000 ,so that when the start/stop bits are framed around the data the receiver can
immediately detect the proper deserialization boundary. This is typically used during initialization of
the serial link.
PREEMPH
56
Input
Preemphasis. When asserted, the serial transmit outputs have an extra output swing on the first bit
of any run-length of same value bits than when deasserted.
ENABLE
24
Input
(w/pullup)
Device enable. When this pin is held low, the device is placed in power down mode. When asserted
high while the device is in power-down mode, the transceiver goes into power-on reset before
beginning normal operation.
LOOPEN
21
Input
(w/pulldown)
Loop enable. When LOOPEN is active high, the internal loop−back path is activated. The transmitted
serial data is directly routed internally to the inputs of the receiver. This provides a self-test capability
in conjunction with the protocol device. The DOUTTXP and DOUTTXN outputs are held in a
high-impedance state during the loop-back test. LOOPEN is held low during standard operational
state with external serial outputs and inputs active.
LOCKB
26
Output
Receiver lock. When asserted low, it indicates that the receiver has acquired bit synchronization on
the data stream and has located the start/stop bits, so that the deserialized data presented on the
parallel receive bus is properly received.
TESTEN
27
Input
(w/pulldown)
Test mode enable. This pin should be left unconnected or tied low.
TEST PIN
POWER PIN
VDD
1, 9,
23, 38,
48
Supply
Digital logic power. Provides power for all digital circuitry and digital I/O buffers.
VDDA
55, 57
Supply
Analog power. VDDA provides a supply reference for the high-speed analog circuits, receiver and
transmitter.
GNDA
52, 58,
61
Ground
Analog ground. GNDA provides a ground reference for the high-speed analog circuits, RX and TX.
GND
5, 13,
18, 28,
33, 43
Ground
Digital logic ground. Provides a ground for the logic circuits and digital I/O buffers.
GROUND PIN
absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)†
Supply voltage, VDD (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 V to 3 V
Voltage range at TXD, ENABLE, GTX_CLK, LOOPEN, SYNC, PREEMPH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 V to 4 V
Voltage range at any other terminal except above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 V to VCC + 0.3 V
Package power dissipation, PD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Dissipation Rating Table
Storage temperature, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −65°C to 150°C
Electrostatic discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HBM:2 kV, CDM:1.5 kV
Characterized free-air operating temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −40°C to 85°C
Lead Temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C
† Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
NOTE 1: All voltage values, except differential I/O bus voltages, are with respect to network ground.
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DISSIPATION RATING TABLE
PACKAGE
PAP64‡
PAP64§
TA ≤ 25°C
POWER RATING
DERATING FACTOR†
ABOVE TA = 25°C
TA = 70°C
POWER RATING
3.22 W
32.15 mW/°C
1.77 W
0.94 W
9.46 mW/°C
0.52 W
PAP64¶
0.68 W
6.78 mW/°C
† This is the inverse of the traditional junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (RθJA)
‡ High K-board with solder
§ High K-board without solder
¶ Low K-board
NOTE: For more information, see the TI application note PowerPAD Thermally Enhanced Package, TI (SLMA002).
0.37 W
electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITION
MIN
TYP
MAX
2.5
2.7
V
85
°C
VDD
TA
Supply voltage
2.3
Operating free-air temperature
−40
ICC
Supply current
PD
VDD = 2.5 V, Freq = 1 Gb/sec, PRBS pattern
VDD = 2.5 V, Freq = 2.5 Gb/sec, PRBS pattern
UNIT
71
mA
170
Power dissipation
VDD = 2.5 V, Freq = 1 Gb/sec, PRBS pattern
VDD = 2.5 V, Freq = 2.5 Gb/sec, PRBS pattern
178
Shutdown current
VDD = 2.75 V, Freq = 2.5 Gb/sec, worst case pattern
ENABLE = 0, VDDA, VDD pins, VDD = max
130
PLL startup lock time
VDD, VDDA = 2.3 V, EN ↑ to PLL acquire
0.1
424
mW
730
Data acquisition time
µA
0.4
1024
ms
bits
reference clock (GTX_CLK) timing requirements over recommended operating conditions (unless
otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
Rω
Frequency
TEST CONDITIONS
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Minimum data rate
TYP−0.01%
50
TYP+0.01%
MHz
Maximum data rate
TYP−0.01%
125
TYP+0.01%
MHz
100
ppm
50%
60%
Frequency tolerance
−100
Duty cycle
Jitter#
40%
Peak-to-peak
# See the Reference Lock Jitter Analysis For TLK2521 application note for more information.
10
MIN
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40
ps
SLLS574B − JULY 2003 − REVISED JANUARY 2004
TTL input electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions (unless otherwise
noted)
TTL Signals: TXD0 ...TXD17, GTX_CLK, LOOPEN, SYNC, PREEMPH
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
2
UNIT
VIH
VIL
High-level input voltage
See Figure 6
Low-level input voltage
See Figure 6
3.6
V
0.8
V
IIH
IIL
High-level input current
Low-level input current
VDD = MAX, VIN = 2 V
VDD = MAX, VIN = 0.4 V
40
µA
CIN
Input capacitance
0.8 V to 2 V
tr
tf
GTX_CLK, TXD rise time
0.8 V to 2 V, C = 5 pF, See Figure 6
1
ns
GTX_CLK, TXD fall time
2 V to 0.8 V, C = 5 pF, See Figure 6
1
ns
tsu
th
TXD setup to ↑ GTX_CLK
See Figure 6
1.5
ns
TXD hold to ↑ GTX_CLK
See Figure 6
0.4
ns
µA
−40
4
pF
2V
RX_CLK
0.8 V
0V
tr(slew)
tf(slew)
2V
RXD(0−17)
0.8 V
0V
tr(slew)
tsu
tf(slew)
th
Figure 6. TTL Data Input Valid Levels for AC Measurements
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
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SLLS574B − JULY 2003 − REVISED JANUARY 2004
TTL output switching characteristics over recommended operating conditions (unless otherwise
noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
2.1
2.3
GND
0.25
MAX
UNIT
VOH
VOL
High-level output voltage
Low-level output voltage
IOH= −1 mA, VDD = MIN
IOL= 1 mA, VDD = MIN
tr(slew)
tf(slew)
Magnitude of RX_CLK, RXD slew rate (rising)
0.8 V to 2 V, C = 5 pF, See Figure 10
0.5
V/ns
Magnitude of RX_CLK, RXD slew rate (falling)
0.8 V to 2 V, C = 5 pF, See Figure 10
0.5
V/ns
tsu
th
RXD setup to ↑ RX_CLK
RXD hold to ↑ RX_CLK
V
0.5
V
50% voltage swing, GTX_CLK = 50 MHz,
See Figure 7
8
ns
50% voltage swing, GTX_CLK = 125 MHz,
See Figure 7
3
ns
50% voltage swing, GTX_CLK = 50 MHz,
See Figure 7
8
ns
50% voltage swing, GTX_CLK = 125 MHz,
See Figure 7
3
ns
2V
RX_CLK
0.8 V
0V
tr(slew)
tf(slew)
2V
RXD(0−17)
0.8 V
0V
tr(slew)
tsu
tf(slew)
th
Figure 7. TTL Data Output Valid Levels for AC Measurements
12
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
SLLS574B − JULY 2003 − REVISED JANUARY 2004
transmitter/receiver characteristics
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
VOD(p) = |VTXP-VTXN|,
Preemphasis VOD, direct
DC coupled. Preemphasis = high, See Figure 8
675
900
1280
VOD(p)
DC coupled. Preemphasis = low, See Figure 8
600
800
1210
Differential, peak to peak output
voltage with preemphasis
DC coupled. Preemphasis = high, See Figure 8
1350
1800
2560
VOD(pp−p)
DC coupled. Preemphasis = low, See Figure 8
1200
1600
2420
VOD(d)
VD(d) = |VTXP-VTXN|,
De-emphasis VOD, direct
DC coupled. See Figure 8
500
750
1100
mV
VOD(pp−d)
Differential, peak to peak output
voltage with deemphasis
DC coupled. See Figure 8
1000
1500
2200
mV
V(cmt)
Transmit termination voltage range,
(VTXP + VTXN)/2
1000
1250
1400
mV
VID
Receiver input voltage differential
VID= |RXP – RXN|
200
Vcmr
Receiver common-mode voltage
range, (VRXP + VRXN)/2
1000
VDD−
350
mV
−10
10
µA
2
pF
Iin
Cin
tt, tf
Receiver input leakage
RL = 50 Ω, CL = 5 pF, See Figure 12
Serial transmit data total jitter
(peak-to-peak)
Differential output jitter, random + deterministic,
223−1 PRBS pattern at 2.5 Gbps
Receive jitter tolerance
Total input jitter, PRBS pattern, permitted eye
closure at zero crossing
Tlatency
TX latency
Rlatency
RX latency
100
mV
mV
Receiver input capacitance
Differential output signal rise,
fall time (20% to 80%)
mV
150
ps
0.15
UI
0.5
UI
At 1 Gbps
16
19
At 2.5 Gbps
18
21
At 1 Gbps
88
95
At 2.5 Gbps
90
103
Bit
times
Bit
times
VOD(p)
VOD(d)
VOD(pp_d) VOD(pp_p)
V(cmt)
tf
tr
VOD(d)
Bit
Time
Bit
Time
VOD(p)
Figure 8. Differential and Common-Mode Output Voltage Definitions
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
13
SLLS574B − JULY 2003 − REVISED JANUARY 2004
80%
50%
20%
DOUTXP
tr
tf
80%
50%
20%
DOUTXN
tf
tr
+V
DOUTXP
DOUTXN
80%
0V
20%
−V
tr
tf
Figure 9. Rise and Fall Time Definitions
thermal characteristics
PARAMETER
RθJA
Junction-to-free-air thermal resistance
RθJC
Junction-to-case thermal resistance
RθJA
Junction-to-free-air thermal resistance
RθJC
Junction-to-case thermal resistance
RθJA
Junction-to-free-air thermal resistance
RθJC
Junction-to-case thermal resistance
14
TEST CONDITION
MIN
TYP
Board mounted, no air flow, high conductivity TI
recommended test board, chip soldered or greased to
thermal land
21.47
Board mounted, no air flow, high conductivity TI
recommended test board with thermal land but no
solder or grease thermal connection to thermal land
42.2
0.38
0.38
75.83
Board mounted, no air flow, JEDEC test board
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
7.8
MAX
UNIT
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
SLLS574B − JULY 2003 − REVISED JANUARY 2004
Recommended use of 0.01-µF
Capacitor per VDD terminal
0.01 µF
5 Ω at 100 MHz
RXD1
RXD2
RXD0
TXD0
TXD2
TXD1
0.01 µF 0.01 µF 0.01 µF
0.01 µF
3
TXD5
4
45
GND
5
44
RXD6
TXD6
6
43
GND
TXD7
7
42
RXD7
GTX_CLK
8
41
RX_CLK
VDD
TXD8
9
40
RXD8
10
39
RXD9
TXD9
11
38
VDD
TXD10
12
37
RXD10
GND
13
36
RXD11
TXD11
14
35
RXD12
TXD12
15
34
RXD13
TXD13
33
16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
GND
RXD14
RXD15
RXD16
46
RXD17
GND
TESTEN
SYNC
LOCKB
TXD17
V DD
ENABLE
LOOPEN
GND
TXD15
TXD16
TXD14
GNDA
TXD4
VDD
RXD3
RXD4
RXD5
DINRXP
47
DINRXN
2
DOUTTXP
64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49
48
DOUTTXN
1
GNDA
VDD
TXD3
GNDA
V DDA
PREEMPH
V DDA
VDD
Figure 10. External Component Interconnection
ORDERING INFORMATION
Orderable
TLK2521
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
TLK2521IPAP
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
15
SLLS574B − JULY 2003 − REVISED JANUARY 2004
TXP
RXP
VDD
ZO
ZO
5 kΩ
ZO
7.5 kΩ
ZO
TXN
Transmitter
+
_
GND
RXN
Media
Receiver
Figure 11. High-Speed I/O Directly Coupled Mode
TXP
RXP
VDD
ZO
ZO
5 kΩ
ZO
7.5 kΩ
ZO
TXN
Transmitter
+
_
GND
RXN
Media
Receiver
Figure 12. High-Speed I/O AC-Coupled Mode
AC-coupling is only recommended if the parallel TX data stream is encoded to achieve a dc-balanced data
stream. Otherwise, the ac-caps can induce common-mode voltage drift due to the dc-unbalanced data stream.
designing with PowerPAD
The TLK2521 is housed in a high-performance, thermally enhanced, 64-pin HTQFP (PAP64) PowerPAD
package. Use of the PowerPAD package does not require any special considerations except to note that the
PowerPAD, which is an exposed die pad on the bottom of the device, is a metallic thermal and electrical
conductor. Therefore, if not implementing PowerPAD PCB features, the use of solder masks (or other assembly
techniques) may be required to prevent any inadvertent shorting by the exposed PowerPAD of connection
etches or vias under the package. It is strongly recommended that the PowerPAD be soldered to the
thermal land. The recommended convention, however, is to not run any etches or signal vias under the device,
but to have only a grounded thermal land as explained below. Although the actual size of the exposed die pad
may vary, the minimum size required for the keep out area for the 64-pin PAP PowerPAD package is 8 mm ×
8 mm.
It is recommended that there be a thermal land, which is an area of solder-tinned-copper, underneath the
PowerPAD package. The thermal land varies in size depending on the PowerPAD package being used, the PCB
construction, and the amount of heat that needs to be removed. In addition, the thermal land may or may not
contain numerous thermal vias depending on PCB construction.
16
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
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SLLS574B − JULY 2003 − REVISED JANUARY 2004
Other requirements for thermal lands and thermal vias are detailed in the TI application note PowerPAD
Thermally Enhanced Package application report, TI (SLMA002), available via the TI Web pages beginning at
URL: http://www.ti.com.
Figure 13. Example of a Thermal Land
For the TLK2521, this thermal land should be grounded to the low-impedance ground plane of the device. This
improves not only thermal performance but also the electrical grounding of the device. It is also recommended
that the device ground pin landing pads be connected directly to the grounded thermal land. The land size
should be as large as possible without shorting device signal pins. The thermal land may be soldered to the
exposed PowerPAD using standard reflow soldering techniques.
While the thermal land may be electrically floated and configured to remove heat to an external heat sink, it is
recommended that the thermal land be connected to the low impedance ground plane for the device. More
information may be obtained from the TI application note PHY Layout, TI (SLLA020).
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
17
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