Programmable Single Phase Energy Metering
IC with Tamper Detection
SA9607P
FEATURES
■
Provides direct interface to mechanical counters
■
■
Calibration and setup stored on external EEPROM - no
trimpots required
■
Meets the IEC 521/1036 Specification for Class 1 AC Watt
hour meters
Total power consumption rating below 25mW
Monitors both Live and Neutral for tamper detection
■
Adaptable to different types of sensors
■
Performs bidirectional energy measurement
■
Operates over a wide temperature range
■
Flexible programmable features
■
Precision voltage reference on chip.
■
DESCRIPTION
continuously measured and the larger of the two is selected
for energy metering.
The SAMES SA9607P is a single-phase bidirectional energy
metering integrated circuit. It provides a cost effective solution
for energy meters with electro-mechanical displays, such as
stepper motors and impulse counters.
The SA9607P drives the calibration LED and the
electromechanical counter directly.
Two current sensor inputs allow the measurement of energy
consumption on both the live and neutral lines.
The SA9607P does not require any external trim-pots. All
required calibration and configuration data is read from a
small external EEPROM.
Direction detection of energy flow as well as other common
tamper conditions are flagged.
The SA9607P integrated circuit is available in 20 pin dual-inline plastic (DIP-20) and small outline (SOIC-20) package
types.
The power consumption on both the live and neutral are
VDD VSS
P O W ER 1 (D IG ITA L )
IIN 1
IIP 1
A N A LO G
S IG N AL
PROC E S S IN G
AND
P O W ER
C A LC U L AT IO N
IIN 2
IIP 2
IV P
GND
D r-0 1 5 65
E LT
P O W ER 2 (D IG ITA L )
V O LTAG E
R E F.
OSC
IIC
BUS
IN T E R FA C E
VREF
OSC1 OSC2
SCL SDA
COMPA R AT O R
S E L1
P O W ER
TO
P U LS E
R AT E
D IR O
LE D
MOP
MON
CNF
Figure 1: Block Diagram
SPEC-0006 (REV. 2)
1/12
24-05-00
SA9607P
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = 2.5V, VSS = -2.5V, over the temperature range -10°C to +70°C#, unless otherwise specified.)
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Operating temp. range
To
-25
+85
°C
Supply Voltage: Positive
VDD
2.25
2.75
V
Supply Voltage: Negative
VSS
-2.75
-2.25
V
Supply Current: Positive
IDD
5
6
mA
Supply Current: Negative
I SS
5
6
mA
Condition
Current Sensor Inputs (Differential)
III
-25
+25
µA
Peak value
Input Current Range
IIV
-25
+25
µA
Peak value
Pin CNF
Input High Voltage
Input Low Voltage
VIH
VIL
V DD-1
VSS+1
V
V
Pin MOP, MON, LED, SCL
Output High Voltage
VOH
V DD-1
Output Low Voltage
VOL
Input Current Range
Voltage Sensor Input (Asymmetrical)
Pin SEL1, ELT, SDA, DIRO
Input High Voltage
Input Low Voltage
VIH
VIL
V DD-1
Pin VREF
Ref. Current
Ref. Voltage
-IR
VR
45
1.1
Oscillator
#
V
IOH = -2mA
VSS+1
V
IOL = 5mA
VSS+1
V
V
Bi-direct
50
55
1.3
With R = 24kΩ
connected to VSS
Referred to VSS
µA
V
Recommended crystal:TV colour burst crystal f = 3.5795 MHz
Extended Operating Temperature Range available on request.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Supply Voltage
VDD -VSS
-0.3
6.0
Current on any pin
IPIN
-150
+150
mA
Storage Temperature
TSTG
-40
+125
°C
Operating Temperature
TO
-25
+85
°C
V
*Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other condition above those indicated in the operational sections
of this specification, is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability.
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SA9607P
PIN DESCRIPTION
PIN
Designation Description
Analog Ground. The voltage to this pin should be mid-way between V DD and VSS.
20
GND
8
VDD
Positive supply voltage. The voltage to this pin is typically +2.5V if a shunt resistor is used for current sensing
or in the case of a current transformer a +5V supply can be applied.
14
VSS
Negative Supply Voltage. The voltage to this pin is typical -2.5V if a shunt resistor is used for current sensing
or in the case of a current transformer a 0V supply can be applied.
19
IVP
The current into the A/D converter should be set at 14µARMS at nominal mains voltage. The voltage sense
input saturates at an input current of ±25µA peak.
1, 2
3, 4
IIN1, IIP1
IIN2, IIP2
Inputs for current sensor - channel 1 and Channel 2. The shunt resistor voltage from each channel is
converted to a current of 16µARMS at rated conditions. The current sense input saturates at an input current
of ±25µA peak.
5
VREF
This pin provides the connection for the reference current setting resistor. A 24kΩ resistor connected to VSS
set the optimum operating condition.
6
SCL
Serial clock output. This output is used to strobe data from the external EEPROM.
7
SDA
Serial data. Send and receive data from an external EEPROM.
9, 12 MON, MOP Motor pulse outputs. These outputs can be used to drive an impulse counter or stepper motor directly.
13
LED
Calibration LED output. Refer to section Led Output (LED) for the pulse rate output options.
15
CNF
Configure / Test input. For normal operation this pin must be connected to V SS.
16
SEL1
Current channel select output. This output indicates which channel is been used for kWh metering.
17
ELT
Earth loop tamper output. This output indicates an earth loop tamper condition.
18
DIRO
Direction output. This output indicates the energy flow direction.
10, 11 OSC1, OSC2 Connections for a crystal or ceramic resonator. (OSC1 = input; OSC2 = Output)
ORDERING INFORMATION
IIN 1
1
20
GN D
IIP1
2
19
IVP
IIN 2
3
18 D IRO
IIP2
4
17
ELT
VREF
5
16
SEL1
SCL
6
15
C NF
SDA
7
14 VSS
VDD
8
13
LED
MON
9
12
MOP
OSC 1
10
11 OSC 2
D R -0 155 7
Figure 2: Pin connections: Package: Dip-20, SOIC-20
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Part Number
Package
SA9607PPA
SA9607PSA
DIP-20
SOIC-20
SA9607P
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The SA9607P is a CMOS mixed signal analog/digital integrated
circuit, which performs power/energy calculations across a
power range of 1000:1, to an overall accuracy of better than
Class 1.
The feedback loops from the outputs of the amplifiers AI and
A V generate virtual shorts on the signal inputs. Exact
duplications of the input currents are generated for the analog
signal processing circuitry.
The integrated circuit includes all the required functions for
single phase power and energy measurement such as
oversampling A/D converters for the voltage and current
sense inputs, power calculation and energy integration. Internal
offsets are eliminated through the use of cancellation
procedures. The SA9607P incorporates an anti-tamper scheme
by continuously measuring the power consumption on both
LIVE and NEUTRAL lines. A fault is indicated when these
measurements differ by more than 12.5%. The SA9607P
generates pulses with a frequency proportional to the larger of
the two current measurements. The source (LIVE or NEUTRAL)
for these pulses is indicated on the SEL1 pin.
AUTOMATIC DEVICE CONFIGURATION (BOOT UP)
Various pulse outputs (MOP, MON and LED) are available.
The pulse rate on these pins follows the active power
consumption measured.
The SA9607P integrated circuit's input's/outputs are protected
against ESD.
During power up, registers containing configuration and
calibration information is updated from an external EEPROM.
The device itself never writes to the EEPROM so any write
protect features offered by manufacturer of EEPROM's may
be used to protect the configuration and calibration constants
of the meter. The device reloads its configuration every 1193
seconds from the external EEPROM in order to ensure correct
operation of the meter. Every data byte stored in the EEPROM
is protected with a checksum byte to ensure data integrity.
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD)
PROTECTION
POWER CONSUMPTION
A low voltage stepper may be driven directly from the device
by connecting it between the MOP and MON pins, alternatively
an impulse counter may be driven directly by connecting it
between MOP and VSS.
The power consumption rating of the SA9607P integrated
circuit is less than 30mW.
V DD
The SA9607P configures itself from an external low cost
EEPROM that contain all meter configurations and calibration
data. No external trimming is required for this device. Calibration
of the device may be fully automated.
IIP
CURRENT
SENSOR
INPUTS
POWER CALCULATION
In Figure 7, the voltage drop across the current transformers
terminating resistor will be between 0 and 16mVRMS. These
voltages are converted to currents for each current sense
input, by means of resistors R1 and R2 (channel 1) as well as
R3 and R 4. (channel 2).
V SS
AI
V DD
IIN
V SS
V DD
The current sense input saturates at an input current of ±25µA
peak. The mains voltage (230VAC) is divided down through a
divider to 14VRMS. The current into the A/D converter input is
set at 14µARMS at nominal mains voltage, via resistor R6 (1MΩ).
IVP
VOLTAGE
SENSOR
INPUT
V SS
A
V
See Device Configuration for more details on the processing
of measured energy to frequency outputs.
ANALOG INPUT CONFIGURATION
The input circuitry of the current and voltage sensor inputs are
illustrated in figure 3. These inputs are protected against
electrostatic discharge through clamping diodes.
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GND
DR-01288
Figure 3: Analog Input Internal Configuration
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SA9607P
INPUT SIGNALS
VREF
The VREF pin is the reference for the bias resistor and is the
recommended point for analog calibration. With a bias resistor
of 24kΩ optimum conditions are set. Any changes to the bias
resistor will affect the output pulse rate quadratically (i.e.(R
= +5%,(f=10%).
VDD
L ED
VSS
t LED
D R -013 32
Serial Data SDA
The SDA pin connects directly to the SDA pin of an external
EEPROM. The pin is used to transfer data between the
EEPROM to the SA9607P. An external pull up resistor in not
needed.
tLED = 10ms (6400 or 3200 pulses per kWh)
tLED = 71µs (1252 pulses per second)
Figure 5: LED pulse output
Selected input indication (SEL1)
The SA9607P continuously compares the power consumptions
on both channel 1 and channel 2 inputs. The larger of the two
measurements are used for pulse output generation. The
SEL1 output pin indicates which channel is currently being
used for the pulse output.
Serial Clock SCL
The SCL pin connects directly to the SCL of an external
EEPROM. The SCL output is used to strobe data at a rate of
50kHz out of the EEPROM. An external pull up resistor is not
needed.
Configuration CNF
A rising edge on the CNF pin, with DIRO high, will trigger a
register update from the external EEPROM. This feature may
be used during calibration to load updated register data in the
SA9607P. For normal operation of the SA9607P the CNF pin
should be connected to VSS.
Signal
Output
SEL1
Value Description
Current Channel 1 selected (IIN1 / IIP1)
Current Channel 2 selected (IIN2 / IIP2)
0
1
Earth loop tamper indication (ELT)
In case the power measurements from both current channels
differ by more than 12.5%, (indicating a earth loop tamper
condition), the ELT output is set to zero. The SA9607P
continues to generate output pulses from the larger of the two
measured powers in this condition. The ELT output is active
low.
OUTPUT SIGNALS
Motor output (MOP, MON)
The motor pulse width is programmable for 71ms and 142ms.
The MON pulse will follow the MOP pulse within the selected
pulse width time. This prevents that the motor armature is in
the wrong position after a power failure. Both MOP and MON
outputs are active high. One energy pulse is represented by a
MOP pulse followed by a MON pulse. The motor drive wave
forms are shown in figure 4.
Direction indication (DIRO)
The SA9607P provides information about the energy flow
direction on pin DIRO. A logic 1 on pin DIRO indicates reverse
energy flow. Reverse energy flow is defined as the condition
where the voltage sense input and a current sense input are
out of phase (greater than 90 degrees).
VDD
MOP
VSS
VDD
Positive energy flow, when voltage sense and current sense
input are in phase, is indicated on pin DIRO as a logic 0.
MON
VSS
D R -0 1 5 5 9
tm
tm
tm
t m = 71ms, 142ms
The DIRO pin may be used to drive a LED in order to indicate
reverse energy.
Figure 4: Motor drive on MON and MOP pins of device
LED output (LED)
Three options for the LED output pulse rate are available, 6400
and 3200 pulses per kWh, as well as a pulse rate of 1252
pulses per second at rated conditions. At 1252 pulses per
second tLED is 71µs, for the other options tLED is 10ms. The LED
output is active low as in figure 5.
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Signal
Output
Value
DIRO
1
0
Description
Reverse energy flow
Forward energy flow
SA9607P
DEVICE CONFIGURATION
SIGNAL FLOW DESCRIPTION
The following is an overview of the SA9607P's registers. For
a detailed description of each parameter please refer to
parameter description section.
Figure 6 shows the various registers in the SA9607P's power
to pulse rate block. The inputs to this block are two single bit
pulse density modulated signals, each having a pulse rate of
641454 pulses per second at rated conditions. The parameters
Kc1, Kc2, Ne, Cs, Kr, Cres, and Cled contain values which are
read from the external EEPROM during power up.
The divider registers, Channel 1 Balance and Channel 2
Balance, are used for calibration and to balance the gain of
each channel. The Earth Leakage Compensation register is
used to compensate for any permissible earth leakage that
may cause the SA9607P to indicate a tamper condition at low
current. TheChannel Select register selects the source (channel
1 or channel 2) which will be used for the pulse output. Register
Rated Condition is used to program the rated condition of the
meter and feeds the registers LED-constant and Counter
Resolution with the applicable pulse rate. These two registers
are programmed to select the LED output rate and the counter
resolution (pulses per kWh) respectively. The Counter Pulse
Width register is used to program the pulse width for the
mechanical counter driver output MOP and MON.
Channel 1 Power
641454p/s
Channel 2 Power
641454p/s
Channel 1
Balance
Channel 2
Balance
÷Kc1
÷Kc2
Earth Leakage
Compensation
Ne
Channel Select (1, 2, auto) Cs
Normally 1253p/s
Rated Condition
÷Kr
Normally 6400p/kWh
Counter
Resolution
LED-Constant
Cled
Cres
Counter
Pulse width
CPW
MOP
LED
MON
Figure 6: Signal flow block diagram
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SA9607P
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
Rated Condition (KR)
Kr is used to program the rated condition of the meter. This
feature is required for a correct counter increment of meters
designed for different rated conditions using the same
integrated circuit. Rated conditions from less than 10A to
several 100A are possible.
Refer to the EEPROM memory allocation map as well as the
Signal flow diagram figure 6, for a description of the registers
used in this section.
EEPROM Memory Allocation
The following table shows the EEPROM memory allocation
as well as the corresponding name. The uneven byte always
contains a XORed byte of the previous even byte. This is the
checksum byte used by the SA9607P to ensure data integrity.
The channel balance values should be used to compensate
for rounding errors in Kr. Kr is calculated as follows:
Kr =(1252 x 1000 x 3600)/(Rated volt x Rated current x 6400)-1
Channel Balance (KC)
Kc defines the dividing factor, which is applied to the incoming
pulse rate. This value is typically 511. This factor is used for
calibration meter and gain balancing of the 2 current channels.
The value for Kc is usually between 400 and 640.
Kr is made up of 1 byte (D20)
Kc is made up of 2 bytes, D12 and D14 or D16 or D18 which
forms a 10 bit value.
Description
E2Address
Contents
Bit [7:0]
Name
Channel 1 Balance LSB
12
Kc1
vvvvvvvv
D12
13
XOR of ADDR 12
xxxxxxxx
Channel 1 Balance MSB
14
Kc1
------vv
15
XOR of ADDR 14
xxxxxxxx
Channel 2 Balance LSB
16
17
Kc2
XOR of ADDR 16
vvvvvvvv
xxxxxxxx
D16
Channel 2 Balance MSB
18
Kc2
------vv
D18
19
XOR of ADDR 18
xxxxxxxx
Rated Condition
20
Kr
vvvvvvvv
D20
Led Pulse-rate
21
22
XOR of ADDR 22
Cled
xxxxxxxx
------vv
D22
23
XOR of ADDR 22
xxxxxxxx
Counter Pulse-width
24
Cpw
0v------
Counter Resolution
24
Cres
------vv
Earth leak Compensation
25
26
XOR of ADDR 24
Ne
1xxxxxxx
------vv
Channel Select Mode
26
Cs
----vv--
27
XOR of ADDR 24
xxxxxxxx
KEY: (- = DON'T CARE); (V = VALUE/PARAMETER); (0,1 = LOGICAL VALUE); (X = BIT-XOR)
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D14
D24
D26
SA9607P
LED Pulse-rate (CLED)
Two bits of byte D22 allow for the selection of 3 different LED
Pulse-rates as follows.
D22[1]
D22[0]
Calibration LED - Output
0
0
1
0
1
-
6400 p/KWh
3200 p/KWh
1252 pulses/second @ rated for
fast calibration
Channel Select Mode (CS)
For calibration purposes, the source for the energy metering
may be selected from a specific channel. The ELT-indication
is not influenced, but the metering is taken from the selected
channel only. For normal operation, the channel select mode
is set to automatic mode so that the larger of the two channels
are used for energy measurement. Bits 3 and 2 of byte D26
sets the channel select mode as follows:
D26[3]
D26[2]
Metering Source
Refer to LED output section for details on the LED pulse width.
-
0
Automatic, channel 1 or 2 whichever
shows higher consumption
Counter Pulse-Width (CPW)
The pulse width for the mechanical counter driver output is
selectable to accommodate various step-motor and impulsecounter requirements. Bit 6 from byte D24 selects the pulse
rate as follows:
1
1
Channel 1
0
1
Channel 2
D24[6]
0
Counter Pulse-Width
71ms
1
142 ms
Earth Leak Compensation (NE)
Earth leakage in domestic wiring systems could result in
tamper detection at low current levels. The SA9607P caters
for these conditions, by taking possible earth leakage into
account when comparing the power consumption on live and
neutral.
Counter Resolution (CRES)
Bit 1 and 0 from byte D24 allow for the selection of 3 different
counter resolutions. Note that one energy pulse is represented
by a MOP pulse followed by a MON pulse.
D24[1]
0
1
D24[0]
0
0
Counter Resolution
1 p/KWh
10 p/KWh
-
1
100 p/KWh
The value for the permissible earth leakage is usually around
30mA. It has to be adjusted according to the rated meter
condition and allows for derivations from the 30mA value. The
actual value of the leak current can be calculated from the
following formula:
Ileak = Rated current x Ne
Ileak is the earth leakage current in mA used for correction.
This value is subtracted from the difference measured between
live and neutral power.
Ne is made up of bits 1 and 2 of byte D26 and can be set as
follows:
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D26[1]
D26[0]
Ne factor
0
0
1
0
1
-
0.15
0.076
0.032
SA9607P
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Voltage Sense Resistors
R9, R8, R6 and R5 set the current for the voltage sense input.
The values should be selected so that the input current into the
voltage sense input (virtual ground) is set to 14µARMS. A
capacitor is used to compensate for a phase shift introduced
by the CTs.
In Figure 7, the components required for a stand-alone power
metering application, is shown. Application modules as well as
application notes for the SA9607P and SA9607M Integrated
Circuits are available on request.
Two current transformers are used for mains current sensing.
The current channel showing the highest power consumption
will be selected by the SA9607P for energy metering.
Bias Resistor
R7 defines all on-chip bias and reference currents. With R7 =
24kΩ, optimum conditions are set.
The most important external components for the SA9607P
integrated circuit are the current sense resistors, the voltage
sense resistors as well as the bias setting resistor.
Any change to R7 will affect the output quadratically.
Compatible EEPROM Devices
The following devices were tested and found functional with
the SA9607P.
CURRENT SENSE RESISTORS
The resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 define the current level into
the current sense inputs of the device. The components
should be selected for input currents of 16µARMS into the
current channels of the SA9607P at IMAX (rated current of the
meter). The voltage drop on the shunt termination resistors
R10 and R 17 should be at least 20mV.
Manufacturer
WEB Site
AT24C01A
Atmel
http://www.atmel.com
24C01
STMicro electronics
http://www.st.com
Please see various manufactures datasheets on programming
and using IIC memory devices.
Current Channel 1
R1= R2= (IL/16µA RMS) x R10/2
Software for programming the EEPROM devices is available
from SAMES website.
Current Channel 2
R3= R4= (IL/16µA RMS) x R11/2
Where:
IL = Line current/CT-ratio
R10 = Termination resistor
R11 = Termination resistor
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Devices
9/12
SA9607P
Figure 7: Application Circuit
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10/12
SA9607P
Parts List for Application Circuit: Figure 7
Item
Symbol
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
IC1
IC2
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
XTAL
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
R10
R11
R12
R13
R14
R15
R16
R17
R18
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
CT1
CT2
TX
IC3
M1
M0V
Note
Note
Note
Note
1:
2:
3:
4:
Description
Detail
SA9607P
AT24C01, or eqivalent device
Diode, Silicon 1N4007
Diode, Silicon 1N4007
Diode, Silicon 1N4007
Diode, Silicon 1N4007
Light emmitting diode, Red
Light emmitting diode, Green
Light emmitting diode, Amber
Light emmitting diode, Green
Crystal, 3.5759MHz
Resistor, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 1M, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 24k, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 22k, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 180k, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 200k, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 10Ω, 2W, Wire wound
Resistor, 1k, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 1k, 1/4W, 1%, metal
Resistor, 1k, 1/4W, 5%, carbon
Resistor, 1k, 1/4W, 5%, carbon
Resistor, 1k, 1/4W, 5%, carbon
Resistor, 1k, 1/4W, 5%, carbon
Capacitor, 2200µF, 16V, electrolytic
Capacitor, 100µF, 16V, electrolytic
Capacitor
Capacitor, 220nF
Capacitor, 220nF
Capacitor, 820nF
Current Transformer
Current Transformer
Transformer, 230V/9V
78LC05, Voltage regulator
Bipolar step motor
400V, Metal oxide varistor
DIP-20/SOIC-20
Note
Note
Note
Note
1
1
1
1
Note 2
Note 2
Note 4
Note 3
Resistor (R1, R2, R3 and R4) values are dependant upon the selected value of R10 and R11.
See TYPICAL APPLICATION when selecting the value of R10 and R11.
Capacitor (C6) to be positioned as closed to Supply Pins (VDD & VSS) of IC-1, as possible.
Capacitor (C3) selected to minimize phase error introduced by current transformer (typically 1.5µF for normal CTs.)
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SA9607P
DISCLAIMER:
The information contained in this document is confidential and proprietary to South African Micro-Electronic Systems (Pty) Ltd
("SAMES") and may not be copied or disclosed to a third party, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of SAMES.
The information contained herein is current as of the date of publication; however, delivery of this document shall not under any
circumstances create any implication that the information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to such date.
SAMES does not undertake to inform any recipient of this document of any changes in the information contained herein, and SAMES
expressly reserves the right to make changes in such information, without notification, even if such changes would render
information contained herein inaccurate or incomplete. SAMES makes no representation or warranty that any circuit designed by
reference to the information contained herein, will function without errors and as intended by the designer.
Any Sales or technical questions may be posted to our e-mail address below:
[email protected]
For the latest updates on datasheets, please visit our web site:
http://www.sames.co.za.
SOUTH AFRICAN MICRO-ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (PTY) LTD
Tel: (012) 333-6021
Tel: Int +27 12 333-6021
Fax: (012) 333-8071
Fax: Int +27 12 333-8071
33 Eland Street
Koedoespoort Industrial Area
Pretoria
Republic of South Africa
P O Box 15888
33 Eland Street
Lynn East 0039
Republic of South Africa
http://www.sames.co.za.
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