TK116xxU THREE-TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR FEATURES APPLICATIONS ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Low Dropout Voltage Very Low Standby Current (No Load) Good Load Regulation Internal Thermal Shutdown Short Circuit Protection 3% Output Voltage Accuracy Customized Versions Are Available Battery Powered Systems Portable Consumer Equipment Cordless Telephones Personal Communications Equipment Portable Instrumentation Radio Control Systems Toys Low Voltage Systems DESCRIPTION The TK116xxU series devices are low dropout, linear 3terminal regulators. TK116xxU An internal PNP pass-transistor is used in order to achieve low dropout voltage (typically 160 mV at 80 mA load current). VIN The regulated output voltages of 3, 3.3, 5 and 9 V are available. The device has very low (400 µA) quiescent current with no load and 2 mA with 60 mA load. GND GND VOUT An internal thermal shutdown circuit limits the junction temperature to below 150 °C. The load current is internally monitored and the device will shut down in the presence of a short circuit at the output. The TK116xxU is available in the SOT-89 surface mount package. BLOCK DIAGRAM ORDERING INFORMATION TK116 Voltage Code VIN VOUT THERMAL PROTECTION U Tape/Reel Code VOLTAGE CODE TAPE/REEL CODE 30 = 3.0 V 33 = 3.3 V 50 = 5.0 V 90 = 9.0 V TL: Tape Left BANDGAP REFERENCE GND January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 1 TK116xxU ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltage ......................................................... 18 V Operating Voltage Range ............................... 2.5 to 16 V Load Current ....................................................... 250 mA Power Dissipation (Note 1) .............................. 1000 mW Storage Temperature Range ................... -55 to +150 °C Operating Temp. Range (Standard) ............-30 to +80 °C Lead Soldering Temperature (10 s) ...................... 235 °C Junction Temperature ........................................... 150 °C TK11630U ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Test Conditions: TA = 25°C, VIN = 4.0 V, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TYP MA X UNITS VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA 400 800 µA VIN = 2.5 V, IOUT = 0 mA 0.8 2.0 mA 3.0 3.1 V IOUT = 30 mA 80 150 mA IOUT = 100 mA 170 330 mV 190 IQ Quiescent Current VOUT Output Voltage VDROP Dropout Voltage IOUT Output Current VIN = 4.0 V, (Note 2) I OR Recommended Output Current VIN = 4.0 V IGND Ground Current (Note 3) VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 60 mA Line Reg Line Regulation Load Reg Load Regulation VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 10 mA MI N 2.9 mA 150 mA 2.0 4.5 mA VIN = 4.0 to 9.0 V 2.0 30 mV VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 30 mA 15 60 mV VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 100 mA 40 140 mV VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 150 mA 120 220 mV RR Ripple Rejection VIN = 4.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, f = 400 Hz, 100 mVrms 55 dB ∆VOUT /∆T Temperature Coefficient VIN = 4.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, -30 ° C ≤ TA ≤ +80 ° C ±0.35 mV/° C Note 1: Power dissipation is 600 mW in free air. Derate at 4.8 mW/°C for operation above 25°C. Power dissipation is 1 W when mounted as recommended. Derate at 8 mW/°C for operation above 25 °C. Note 2: IOUT (Load Current) is current when VOUT drops down 0.4 V from VOUT at IOUT = 10 mA. Note 3: Refer to “Definition of Terms.” Page 2 December 1998 TOKO, Inc. TK116xxU TK11633U ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Test Conditions: TA = 25°C, VIN = 4.3 V, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TYP MAX UNITS VIN = 4.3 V, IOUT = 0 mA 400 800 µA VIN = 3.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA 0.8 2.0 mA 3.3 3.4 V IOUT = 30 mA 80 150 mA IOUT = 100 mA 170 330 mV 190 IQ Quiescent Current VOUT Output Voltage VDROP Dropout Voltage IOUT Output Current VIN = 4.3 V, (Note 1) IOR Recommended Output Current VIN = 4.3 V IGND Ground Current (Note 2) VIN = 4.3 V, IOUT = 60 mA Line Reg Line Regulation Load Reg Load Regulation VIN = 4.3 V, IOUT = 10 mA MIN 3.2 mA 150 mA 2.0 4.5 mA VIN = 4.3 to 9.3 V 2.0 30 mV VIN = 4.3 V, IOUT = 0 to 30 mA 15 60 mV VIN = 4.3 V, IOUT = 0 to 100 mA 40 140 mV VIN = 4.3 V, IOUT = 0 to 150 mA 120 220 mV RR Ripple Rejection VIN = 4.8 V, IOUT = 10 mA, f = 400 Hz, 100 mVrms 55 dB ∆VOUT /∆T Temperature Coefficient VIN = 4.8 V, IOUT = 10 mA, -30 ° C ≤ TA ≤ +80 ° C ±0.35 mV/° C Note 1: IOUT (Load Current) is current when VOUT drops down 0.4 V from VOUT at IOUT = 10 mA. Note 2: Refer to “Definition of Terms.” January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 3 TK116xxU TK11650U ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Test Conditions: TA = 25°C, VIN = 6.0 V, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TYP MAX UNITS VIN = 6.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA 400 800 µA VIN = 4.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA 0.8 2.0 mA 5.00 5.15 V IOUT = 30 mA 80 150 mA IOUT = 100 mA 170 330 mV 190 IQ Quiescent Current VOUT Output Voltage VDROP Dropout Voltage IOUT Output Current VIN = 6.0 V, (Note 1) IOR Recommended Output Current VIN = 6.0 V IGND Ground Current (Note 2) VIN = 6.0 V, IOUT = 60 mA Line Reg Line Regulation Load Reg Load Regulation VIN = 6.0 V, IOUT = 10 mA MIN 4.85 mA 150 mA 2.0 4.5 mA VIN = 6.0 to 11.0 V 2.0 30 mV VIN = 6.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 30 mA 15 60 mV VIN = 6.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 100 mA 40 140 mV VIN = 6.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 150 mA 120 220 mV RR Ripple Rejection VIN = 6.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, f = 400 Hz, 100 mVrms 55 dB ∆VOUT /∆T Temperature Coefficient VIN = 6.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, -30 ° C ≤ TA ≤ +80 ° C ±0.35 mV/° C Note 1: IOUT (Load Current) is current when VOUT drops down 0.4 V from VOUT at IOUT = 10 mA. Note 2: Refer to “Definition of Terms.” Page 4 December 1998 TOKO, Inc. TK116xxU TK11690U ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Test Conditions: TA = 25°C, VIN = 10.0 V, unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TYP MAX UNITS VIN = 10.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA 400 800 µA VIN = 8.0 V, IOUT = 0 mA 0.8 2.0 mA 9.00 9.27 V IOUT = 30 mA 80 150 mA IOUT = 100 mA 170 330 mV 190 IQ Quiescent Current VOUT Output Voltage VDROP Dropout Voltage IOUT Output Current VIN = 10.0 V, (Note 1) IOR Recommended Output Current VIN = 10.0 V IGND Ground Current (Note 2) VIN = 10.0 V, IOUT = 60 mA Line Reg Line Regulation Load Reg Load Regulation VIN = 10.0 V, IOUT = 10 mA MIN 8.73 mA 150 mA 2.0 4.5 mA VIN = 10.0 to 15.0 V 2.0 30 mV VIN = 10.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 30 mA 15 60 mV VIN = 10.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 100 mA 40 140 mV VIN = 10.0 V, IOUT = 0 to 150 mA 120 220 mV RR Ripple Rejection VIN = 10.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, f = 400 Hz, 100 mVrms 55 dB ∆VOUT /∆T Temperature Coefficient VIN = 10.5 V, IOUT = 10 mA, -30 ° C ≤ TA ≤ +80 ° C ±0.7 mV/° C Note 1: IOUT (Load Current) is current when VOUT drops down 0.4 V from VOUT at IOUT = 10 mA. Note 2: Refer to “Definition of Terms.” January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 5 TK116xxU TEST CIRCUIT IIN VIN VOUT + + + CL 10 F CIN 0.1 F IOUT TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. OUTPUT VOLTAGE RESPONSE (OFF→ON) OUTPUT VOLTAGE RESPONSE (OFF→ON) CL = 2.2 µF ILOAD = 5 to 35 mA CL = 1.0 µF CL = 0.47 µF 5 15 25 35 CN = 0.1 µF VOUT VOUT CL = 1.5 µF 0 to 30 mA CL = 0.33 µF ILOAD = 30 mA 45 0 200 400 600 TIME (µs) TIME (µs) CONTROL PIN CURRENT VS. VOLTAGE LOAD REGULATION 800 -5 5 15 25 35 45 TIME( µs) SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT 50 5 VOUT(TYP) VOUT (5 mV/DIV) 40 VOUT RCONT = 0 30 20 4 VOUT (V) ICONT (µA) 30 to 60 mA ILOAD CN = 0.01 µF VOUT (200 mV/DIV) CL = 0.33 µF VCONT VCONT ILOAD = 10 mA, CN = 1000 pF -5 LOAD CURRENT STEP RESPONSE 10 3 2 1 RCONT =100K 0 0 1 2 3 VCONT (V) Page 6 4 5 0 50 IOUT (mA) 100 0 0 150 300 IOUT (mA) December 1998 TOKO, Inc. TK116xxU TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.) TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. DROPOUT VOLTAGE VS. TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT VS. TEMPERATURE 250 500 TK11650 IOUT (mA) VDROP (mV) 400 300 200 IOUT = 80 mA 200 TK11630 100 0 -50 150 IOUT = 30 mA 0 50 -50 100 0 50 TA(°C) TA(°C) OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT GROUND CURRENT VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 100 11630 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (1) 3.1 3.0 3.1 VOUT (V) IGND (mA) VOUT (V) 10 5 3.0 2.9 0 50 0 100 2.9 0 50 100 0 10 20 IOUT (mA) IOUT (mA) VIN (V) QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (2) OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. TEMPERATURE 3.0 2 IOUT = 0 mA 3.1 1 VOUT (V) VOUT (V) IQ (mA) IOUT = 30 mA IOUT = 60 mA 2.5 IOUT = 90 mA 2.0 0 0 10 VIN (V) January 1999 TOKO, Inc. 20 2.5 3.0 VIN (V) 3.5 3.0 2.9 -50 0 50 100 TA (°C) Page 7 TK116xxU TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.) TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. 11633 GROUND CURRENT VS. OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (1) 3.4 3.4 3.3 VOUT (V) IGND (mA) VOUT (V) 10 5 3.3 3.2 0 50 0 100 0 50 3.2 100 0 10 20 IOUT (mA) IOUT (mA) VIN (V) QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (2) OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. TEMPERATURE 2 3.3 IOUT = 0 mA 3.4 1 10 2.8 2.3 2.8 0 0 IOUT = 60 mA 20 VIN (V) IOUT = 90 mA 3.3 VOUT (V) VOUT (V) IQ (mA) IOUT = 30 mA 3.3 3.2 -50 3.8 0 50 VIN (V) TA (°C) GROUND CURRENT VS. OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (1) 100 11650 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 5.1 5.1 5.0 VOUT (V) IGND (mA) VOUT (V) 10 5 5.0 4.9 0 50 IOUT (mA) Page 8 100 0 4.9 0 50 IOUT (mA) 100 0 10 20 VIN (V) December 1998 TOKO, Inc. TK116xxU TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.) TA = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. 11650 (CONT.) QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (2) IOUT = 0 mA 5.0 1 0 10 IOUT = 30 mA IOUT = 60 mA 4.5 IOUT = 90 mA 4.0 4.5 0 20 5.1 VOUT (V) VOUT (V) IQ (mA) 2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. TEMPERATURE 5.0 4.9 -50 5.5 VIN (V) VIN (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT GROUND CURRENT VS. OUTPUT CURRENT 5.0 0 50 100 TA (°C) 11690 OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (1) 9.1 9.0 9.1 VOUT (V) IGND (mA) VOUT (V) 10 5 9.0 8.9 50 0 100 QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. INPUT VOLTAGE (2) VOUT (V) 1 0 10 VIN (V) January 1999 TOKO, Inc. 20 0 10 20 VIN (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE VS. TEMPERATURE IOUT = 0 mA 9.1 IOUT = 30 mA IOUT = 60 mA 8.5 IOUT = 90 mA 8.0 8.5 8.9 100 IOUT (mA) 9.0 0 50 IOUT (mA) 2 IQ (mA) 0 VOUT (V) 0 9.0 VIN (V) 9.5 9.0 8.9 -50 0 50 100 TA (°C) Page 9 TK116xxU DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS LINE REGULATION (Line Reg) PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION (PD) Line regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the input voltage changes. The line regulation is specified as the input voltage is changed from VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V to VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 6 V. This is the power dissipation level at which the thermal sensor is activated. The IC contains an internal thermal sensor which monitors the junction temperature. When the junction temperature exceeds the monitor threshold of 150 °C, the IC is shut down. The junction temperature rises as the difference between the input power (VIN x IIN) and the output power (VOUT x IOUT) increases. The rate of temperature is greatly affected by the mounting pad configuration on the PCB, the board material and the ambient temperature. When the IC mounting has good thermal conductivity, the junction temperature will be low, even if the power dissipation is great. When the radiation of heat is good, the device temperature will be low, even if the power loss is great. When mounted on the recommended mounting pad, the power dissipation of the SOT-89 package is 1000 mW. Derate the power dissipation at 8 mW/°C for operation above 25 °C. To determine the power dissipation for shutdown when mounted, attach the device on the actual PCB and deliberately increase the output current (or raise the input voltage) until the thermal protection circuit is activated. Calculate the power dissipation of the device by subtracting the output power from the input power. The measurements should allow for the ambient temperature of the PCB. The value obtained from PD /(150 °C - TA) is the derating factor. The PCB mounting pad should provide maximum thermal conductivity in order to maintain low device temperatures. As a general rule, the lower the temperature, the better the reliability of the device. The thermal resistance when mounted is expressed as follows: LOAD REGULATION (Load Reg) Load regulation is the ability of the regulator to maintain a constant output voltage as the load current changes. It is a pulsed measurement to minimize temperature effects with the input voltage set to VIN = VOUT(TYP) +1 V. The load regulation is specified under three output current step conditions of 0 mA to 30 mA, 0 mA to 100 mA and 0 mA to 150 mA. DROPOUT VOLTAGE (VDROP) This is a measure of how well the regulator performs as the input voltage decreases. The smaller the number, the further the input voltage can decrease before regulation problems occur. Nominal output voltage is first measured when VIN = VOUT(TYP) + 1 V at a chosen load current. When the output voltage has dropped 100 mV from the nominal, VIN - VOUT is the dropout voltage. This voltage is affected by load current and junction temperature. GROUND CURRENT (IGND) Ground current is the current which flows through the ground pin(s). It is defined as IIN - IOUT, excluding control current. OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE This is the effective AC voltage that occurs on the output voltage under the condition where the input noise is low and with a given load, filter capacitor, and frequency range. THERMAL PROTECTION This is an internal feature which turns the regulator off when the junction temperature rises above 150 °C. After the regulator turns off, the temperature drops and the regulator output turns back on. Under certain conditions, the output waveform may appear to be an oscillation as the output turns off and on and back again in succession. Page 10 Tj = ΘjA x PD + TA For Toko ICs, the internal limit for junction temperature is 150 °C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 25 °C, then: 150 °C = ΘjA x PD + 25 °C ΘjA = 125 °C/PD PD is the value when the thermal sensor is activated. A simple way to determine PD is to calculate VIN x IIN when the output side is shorted. Input current gradually falls as temperature rises. You should use the value when the December 1998 TOKO, Inc. TK116xxU DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS (CONT.) thermal equilibrium is reached. The range of usable currents can also be found from the graph below: (mW) 3 PD 6 Dpd 4 5 25 50 150 75 TA (°C) Procedure: 1) Find PD 2) PD1 is taken to be PD x (~ 0.8 - 0.9) 3) Plot PD1 against 25 °C. 4) Connect PD1 to the point corresponding to the 150 °C with a straight line. 5) In design, take a vertical line from the maximum operating temperature (e.g., 75 °C.) to the derating curve. 6) Read off the value of PD against the point at which the The maximum operating current is: IOUT = (DPD / (VIN(MAX) - VOUT) 1000 MOUNTED AS SHOWN PD (mW) 800 FREE AIR 600 400 200 0 0 50 100 150 TA (°C) SOT-89 POWER DISSIPATION CURVE January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 11 TK116xxU APPLICATION INFORMATION INPUT/OUTPUT DECOUPLING CONSIDERATIONS CAPACITOR Voltage regulators require input and output decoupling capacitors. The required value of these capacitors vary with application. Capacitors made by different manufacturers can have different characteristics, particularly with regard to high frequencies and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) over temperature. The type of capacitor is also important. For example, a 4.7 µF aluminum electrolytic may be required for a certain application. If a tantalum capacitor is used, a lower value of 2.2 µF would be adequate. It is important to consider the temperature characteristics of the decoupling capacitors. While Toko regulators are designed to operate as low as -30 °C, many capacitors will not operate properly at this temperature. The capacitance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors may decrease to 0 at low temperatures. This may cause oscillation on the output of the regulator since some capacitance is required to guarantee stability. Thus, it is important to consider the characteristics of the capacitor over temperature when selection decoupling capacitors. The ESR is another important parameter. The ESR will increase with temperature but low ESR capacitors are often larger and more costly. In general, tantalum capacitors offer lower ESR than aluminum electrolytic, but new low ESR aluminum electrolytic capacitors are now available from several manufacturers. Usually a bench test is sufficient to determine the minimum capacitance required for a particular application. After taking thermal characteristics and tolerance into account, the minimum capacitance value should be approximately two times this value. Please note that linear regulators with a low dropout voltage have high internal loop gains which require care in guarding against oscillation caused by insufficient decoupling capacitance. The use of high quality decoupling capacitors suited for your application will guarantee proper operation of the circuit. Page 12 BOARD LAYOUT Copper pattern should be as large as possible. Power dissipation is 1000 mW for SOT-89. A low ESR capacitor is recommended. For low temperature operation, select a capacitor with a low ESR at the lowest operating temperature to prevent oscillation, degradation of ripple rejection and increase in noise. The minimum recommended capacitance is 2.2 µF. + + VOUT VIN GND SOT-89 BOARD LAYOUT December 1998 TOKO, Inc. TK116xxU TYPICAL APPLICATIONS VOLTAGE REGULATOR CIRCUIT VOLTAGE BOOST CIRCUIT VO = VOUT + IQ X R OUT IN VIN VO + IIN VOUT VIN 4.7 µF + + + + 1 µF VOUT CL 10 F CIN 0.1 F IOUT IQ R GND CURRENT BOOST CIRCUIT CURRENT REGULATOR CIRCUIT VOUT VIN IOUT = VOUT R + IQ IOUT 100 R IN VIN + + 1 µF IN 10 µF GND VOUT 4.7 µF OUT IQ + + OUT OUT 4.7 µF GND APPLICATION NOTES Maximize copper foil area connecting to all IC pins for optimum heat conduction. Place input and output bypass capacitors close to the GND pin. For best transient behavior and lowest output impedance, use as large a capacitor value as possible. The temperature coefficient of the capacitance and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) should be taken into account. These parameters can influence power supply noise and ripple rejection. In extreme cases, oscillation may occur. In order to maintain stability, the output bypass capacitor value should be minimum 1 µF for tantalum electrolytic or 4.7 µF for aluminum electrolytic at TA = 25 °C. January 1999 TOKO, Inc. Page 13 TK116xxU PACKAGE OUTLINE Marking Information SOT-89 (SOT-89-3) Product Code A 0.44 max 4.5 + 0.1 TK11630U TK11633U TK11650U TK11690U 0.4 1.8 max Voltage Code 30 33 50 90 0.8 max 2.5 Product Code 4.25 max + 0.1 Marking 1 2 0.44 max 3 2.0 0.53 max e 1.5 e e' 0.48 max 1.5 3.0 0.48 max 3.0 + 0.1 1.5 0.7 45 ° 1.5 1.0 e 1.5 1.0 1.0 e 1.5 Recommended Mount Pad Dimensions are shown in millimeters Tolerance: x.x = ± 0.2 mm (unless otherwise specified) Toko America, Inc. Headquarters 1250 Feehanville Drive, Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864 TOKO AMERICA REGIONAL OFFICES Midwest Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 1250 Feehanville Drive Mount Prospect, IL 60056 Tel: (847) 297-0070 Fax: (847) 699-7864 Western Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 2480 North First Street , Suite 260 San Jose, CA 95131 Tel: (408) 432-8281 Fax: (408) 943-9790 Eastern Regional Office Toko America, Inc. 107 Mill Plain Road Danbury, CT 06811 Tel: (203) 748-6871 Fax: (203) 797-1223 Semiconductor Technical Support Toko Design Center 4755 Forge Road Colorado Springs, CO 80907 Tel: (719) 528-2200 Fax: (719) 528-2375 Visit our Internet site at http://www.tokoam.com The information furnished by TOKO, Inc. is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, TOKO reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its products without further notice. TOKO does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the use of its products. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of TOKO, Inc. Page 14 © 1999 Toko, Inc. All Rights Reserved December 1998 TOKO, Inc. IC-115-TK116U 0798O0.0K Printed in the USA