FX105A Tone Detector D/105A/5 September 1999 1.0 Features Provisional Issue • Operates in High Noise Conditions • Adjustable Bandwidth • ≥ 36dB Signal Input Range • Adjustable Frequency • High Sensitivity • Wide Voltage Range (2.7V to 5.5V) • Low Power • Single and Multitone System Applications 1.1 Brief Description The FX105A is a monolithic CMOS tone operated switch, designed for tone decoding in single and multitone signalling systems. The FX105A uses decoding techniques which allow a tone to be recognised in the presence of high noise levels or strong adjacent signals. Detection centre frequency and bandwidth can each be independently adjusted. The design is immune to high levels of harmonic and sub-harmonic interference. Excellent noise immunity and constant bandwidth are maintained over a wide range of input signal levels. 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited Tone Detector FX105A CONTENTS Section Page 1.0 Features ......................................................................................................1 1.1 Brief Description.........................................................................................1 1.2 Block Diagram ............................................................................................3 1.3 Signal List ...................................................................................................4 1.4 External Components.................................................................................5 1.5 General Description....................................................................................6 1.6 Application Notes .......................................................................................7 1.6.1 General ........................................................................................7 1.6.2 Method for Calculating External Component Values................7 1.6.3 Replacement for FX105.............................................................11 1.7 Performance Specification.......................................................................12 1.7.1 Electrical Performance..............................................................12 1.7.2 Packaging..................................................................................14 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 2 D/105A/5 Tone Detector 1.2 FX105A Block Diagram Figure 1 Block Diagram 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 3 D/105A/5 Tone Detector 1.3 FX105A Signal List Package D4/P3 Signal Description Pin No. Name Type 1 INPUT AMP IN I/P AC couple to this input of the input buffer amplifier. 2 INPUT AMP OUT O/P The input buffer amplifier output. 3 RW I/P The input to the Detect/Word filter. 4 RV I/P The input to the VCO loop filter. 5 C3A O/P Word filter capacitor pin A. 6 C3B O/P Word filter capacitor pin B. 7 C2A O/P VCO Loop filter capacitor pin A. 8 C2B O/P VCO Loop filter capacitor pin B. 9 DETECT OUT O/P Open drain CMOS output, active on detect. Note that a load resistor to VSS is required. 10 VSS Power 11 R2HI I/P Bandwidth control resistor pin A. 12 R2LO I/P Bandwidth control resistor pin B. 13 C1B O/P VCO capacitor B. 14 C1A O/P VCO capacitor A. 15 R1 I/P VCO discharge resistor. When potentiometer tuning is required, a series resistor is recommended to prevent possible shorting to ground. 16 VDD Power Notes: I/P = O/P = Ground. Power supply. Input Output 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 4 D/105A/5 Tone Detector 1.4 FX105A External Components C1A C1B C2A C2B C3A C3B C4 C5 C6 Note s: See section 1.6 See section 1.6 See section 1.6 See section 1.6 See section 1.6 See section 1.6 See section 1.6 0.27µF ±20% 0.1µF ±20% R1F R1V R2 RL RV RW D1 See section 1.6 See section 1.6 See section 1.6 20kohm ±20% See section 1.6 See section 1.6 IN914 or similar 1. For improved performance C4 may be chosen to provide 30° phase shift at the VCO loop filter input. 2. For compatibility with the FX105P; capacitors (C1 .... C4) may be connected to VDD instead of VSS. 3. For improved de-response time, a diode (D1) may be added. 4. Any value load resistance (RL) may be used, providing the maximum load current does not exceed the value given in section 1.7.1 Figure 2 Recommended External Components 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 5 D/105A/5 Tone Detector 1.5 FX105A General Description The input signal to the FX105A is ac coupled to the buffer amplifier input, which is internally biased at 50% of supply voltage. The signal appears at the output of the buffer amplifier as an ac voltage superimposed on the dc bias level. The signal is then coupled via RV and RW to the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and word sampling switches, which cyclically connect C2 and C3 into the circuit to form four sample-and-hold RC circuit integrators. See Figure 3. With no input signal level, each capacitor charges to the dc bias level so differential voltages are zero. When an input signal is applied each capacitor receives an additional charge. This charge is determined by the integrated average of the signal waveform during the time the capacitor is switched into the circuit. Figure 3 shows the operating sequence of the VCO sampling switches and their relationship to a locked-on in-band signal. C2A and C2B should not receive any additional charge since they always sample the input as it crosses the dc bias level. Should the signal not be locked to the VCO, a positive or negative charge voltage will appear on C2A or C2B. This voltage, when differentially amplified, is applied to the VCO as an error correcting signal to enable the VCO to “lock.” Figure 3 also shows the operating sequence of the “Word” sampling switches and their relationship to a locked-on in-band signal. As the figure shows, the charge applied to C3A should always be positive, and the charge applied to C3B should always be negative (with respect to the common bias level). These capacitor potentials are differentially amplified and applied to a dc comparator, which switches at a pre-determined threshold voltage VTH (known as the word filter sensitivity). The comparator output is a logic signal used to control a counter. This counter switches the FX105A output ON when the comparator output is maintained in the “Word present” state for a minimum number of consecutive signal samples. The activated output switch reduces the comparator threshold by 50%, introducing threshold hysteresis. Output chatter with marginal input signal amplitudes is thereby minimised. Figure 3 Sampling Clocks of Commutating Filters 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 6 D/105A/5 Tone Detector FX105A 1.6 Application Notes 1.6.1 General The external components shown in Figure 2 are used to adjust the various performance parameters of the FX105A. The signal-to-noise performance, response time and signal bandwidth are all interrelated factors which should be optimised to meet the requirements of the application. By selecting component values in accordance with the following formulae, optimum circuit performance is obtained for any given application. First define the following application parameters: (a) The input frequency to be detected (f0). The free running frequency of the VCO is set to 6 times this frequency by observing the output across C1 or R1. (The frequency observed at pin 15 (R1) is 6 x f0 and the frequency observed at pins 13 or 14 (C1A or C1B) is 3 x f0). (b) The FX105A Minimu mUsable Bandwidth (MUBW). This is obtained by taking into account the worst case tolerances ∆(f0) of the input frequency and the variations in the FX105A VCO frequency due to supply voltage ∆V( DD) and temperature ∆( TEMP) variation of the FX105A and its supporting components. (c) The maximum permissible FX105A response time. (d) The minimum input signal amplitude. (This must be larger than the threshold voltage, VTH). (e) The maximum input signal amplitude. Using this information the appropriate component values can be calculated, and the signal-to-noise performance can be read from a chart. Do not add large safety margins for response time and minimum signal amplitude: reasonable margins are already included in the formulae. Excessive margins may result in reduced noise immunity. 1.6.2 Method for Calculating External Component Values The example on the following pages demonstrates the calculation of component values for any given application. For the purpose of this example, the values below are used: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) f0 = 2800Hz ∆TEMP = 100°C, ∆VDD = 1V, ∆f0 = 0.5% Maximum allowe dresponse time TON = 50msec Minimum input signal amplitude VIN MIN = 200mVrms Maximum input signal amplitude VIN MAX = 400mVrms 1.6.2.1 Calculate R1C1 (C1A = C1B) The components R1, C1A and C1B set the free running frequency of the VCO and therefore the f0 of the FX105A. As shown below, the frequency of 2800Hz corresponds to a capacitor value of 220pF and a resistor value of 385 Ωk. This resistance can be achieved with a 330 Ωkfixed resistor and a 100kΩ potentiometer. R1 should lie in the range 100 Ωk to 680 kΩ. R1C1A = 1/ [2Kf0] = 1/ (2 x 2.1 x 2800 ) = 85µsec where K is a constan t= 2.1 ± 5%. Note that the values of C1A and C1B need to include the stray capacitance attributable to the package style and printed circuit board layout. A typical value of 6.6pF per pin should be assumed. If C1A = C1B = 233.2pF, then R1 » 364kohm 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 7 D/105A/5 Tone Detector FX105A 1.6.2.2 Calculate Minimum Usable Bandwidth (%) Minimum Usable Bandwidth (MUBW) is the TOTAL (%) bandwidth required for the following: (a) (b) (c) Input signal frequency tolerance (∆f0) FX105A VCO temperature coefficient (TC = −100ppm/ºC) FX105A VCO supply voltage coefficient (VC = 2330ppm/V) Add (a), (b) and (c) and express as TOTAL (%) bandwidth, not as a ± (%) value. MUBW = Df0 + |Tc|DTEMP + VcDVDD MUBW = 0.5 + 0.01 x 100 + 0.233 x 1 » 2% 1.6.2.3 Calculate the Recommended Operating Bandwidth Note again that this is the TOTAL (%) bandwidth: BW = ½ [10 + MUBW] = ½ (10 + 2) = 6% 1.6.2.4 Select R2 for Operating BW R2 = 4.8 BW/ [10.35 -BW] = 4.8 x 6/ (10.35 -6) » 6.8kW The exact bandwidth given by any value of R2 will vary slightly. In applications where an exact bandwidth is required, R2 should be a variable resistor to permit adjustment. 1.6.2.5 Calculate RVC2A (C2A = C2B) Use nearest preferred values RVC2A » 100/ [3 f0 BW] » 100/ (3 x 2800 x 6) » 2msec Therefore RV » 200kW for C2A = C2B = 10nF 1.6.2.6 Define the Maximum Allowed Response Time The maximum response time (TON) is the sum of the VCO lock time (TLOCK) and the Word integration time (TWORD). The FX105A’s TON must not exceed the maximum time allowed for the application, but a value lying near the maximum gives the best S/N performance. (a) Calculate TLOCK TLOCK = 150/ [f0 BW] = 150/ (2800 x 6) » 9msec Note: TLOCK may vary from near zero to the value given, causing corresponding variations in actual TON. (b) Calculate Maximum Allowable TWORD TWORD = TONMAX -TLOCK = 50 - 9 = 41msec Note: Since the maximum allowed response time (TON) is 50msec, a maximum Word integration time of 41msec is available. 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 8 D/105A/5 Tone Detector FX105A 1.6.2.7 Calculate RWC3A (C3A = C3B) Use nearest preferred values. RWC3A » TWORD/ [-3In (1 - VTH/ VINMIN ) ] where VTH is the word filter sensitivity, see Section 1.7.1 A signal amplitude of 200mV and a resistor value RW of 465kΩ with a 220nF capacitor for C3A and C3B will yield a TWORD time of 41msec. This in turn yields a response time of 9msec + 41msec = 50msec. 1.6.2.8 Calculate the Maximum De-response Time TOFF » -3 RWC3A In (VTH/ VINMAX ) where VTH is the word filter sensitivity, see Section 1.7.1 For improved de-response time, a diode (1N914 or similar) can be placed between pins 5 and 6, as shown in Figure 2. The formula and figure below show the approximate time the FX105A will take to turn off after an in-band signal has been removed. The effect of this diode is to greatly reduce the turn-off time with signal input amplitudes greater than 300mVrms. Figure 4 is for VDD = 5V; for lower VDD then KDT increases. TOFF » KDTRWC3A So for a maximum signal amplitude of 400mV, a resistor value RW of 465kΩ with a 220nF capacitor for C3A and C3B and a diode between pins 5 and 6, a de-response time of ≈ 363msec is obtained. Figure 4 KDT Factor for TOFF vs. Signal Input Amplitude 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 9 D/105A/5 Tone Detector FX105A 1.6.2.9 Calculate Signal to Noise Performance Worst-case S/N calculations depend on calculation of a value “M” using the formula shown below: M = RWC3A/ [3 RVC2A] substituting our example values, M = 465 x 0.22 / (3 x 200 x 0.01) = 17.05 By substituting this value for M in Figure 5 the minimum required S/N of an in band tone with respect to an adjacent interfering tone can be found. This has to be increased if the required tone amplitude is close to the word filter sensitivity VTH. Figure 5 S/N vs. BW Separation The following formula expresses the reduction in noise immunity as the input signal approaches the word filter sensitivity VTH. required S/N = 20 log (VIN/ [VIN - VTH] ) + S/NFigure 5 If this S/N is better than required for the application, RWC3A can be reduced, or the operating bandwidth can be increased to obtain a faster tone detection time. If the S/N performance is not adequate, the operating bandwidth can be reduced toward the MUBW, or RWC3A can be increased to improve S/N performance at the expense of a slower response time. 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 10 D/105A/5 Tone Detector FX105A 1.6.2.10 Calculation of PLL Filter Phase Shift Capacitor C4 is used to phase shift the input to the VCO commutating filter by 30°, thus shifting the sampling clocks by the same amount. This enables the "Word" sampling filter to sample and integrate at the maxima and minima of the input tone. C4 = tan (30°) / [2p f0 RV] » 0.092 / [f0 RV] » 164pF 1.6.3 Replacement for FX105 Figure 6 depicts the circuit changes required to replace a FX105 with a FX105A device. A 5V zener diode and a resistor can be used to generate a 5V supply voltage from an existing 12V supply. If the Detect Output needs to pull up beyond the 5V supply, a transistor amplifier following the output can be used. Figure 6 Circuit changes for 12V to 5V conversion 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 11 D/105A/5 Tone Detector 1.7 Performance Specification 1.7.1 Electrical Performance FX105A Absolute Maximum Ratings Exceeding these maximum ratings can result in damage to the device. Supply (VDD - VSS) Voltage on any pin to VSS Current into or out of VDD and VSS pins Current into or out of any other pin Maximum Output Switch Load Current P3/D4 Package Total Allowable Power Dissipation at Tamb = 25°C ... Derating Storage Temperature Operating Temperature Min. Max. Units -0.3 -0.3 -30 -20 7.0 VDD + 0.3 +30 +20 +10 V V mA mA mA Min. Max. Units -55 -40 800 13 +125 +85 mW mW/°C °C °C Min. Max. Units 2.7 -40 5.5 +85 V °C Operating Limits Correct operation of the device outside these limits is not implied. Notes Supply (VDD - VSS) Operating Temperature 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 12 D/105A/5 Tone Detector FX105A Operating Characteristics For the following conditions unless otherwise specified: VDD = 3.0V to 5.0V, Tamb = -40°C to +85°C, Load resistance on decoder output pin = 20kΩ Static Parameters IDD Amplifier Input Impedance Digital Output Impedance Analogue Output Impedance Dynamic Parameters Input Signal Amplitude Frequency Response Threshold Deresponse Threshold BW Range Signal to Noise Performance (f0/2) Subharmonic Rejection (5 f0) Harmonic Rejection VCO Frequency Frequency Stability (TC) Frequency Stability (VC) Notes Min. Typ. Max. Units 2 - 0.9 200 500 1000 3.0 - mA kΩ Ω Ω 2 40 5.6 -6 - 30 10 -9 30 20 1.0 20,000 10 - Vrms Hz mVrms mVrms %f0 dB dB dB 240 - -100 2330 120,000 - Hz ppm/°C ppm/V - 60 1.0 0 - dB MHz dB - 25.0 - mVrms 1,2 1,2 4 3 Amplifier Open Loop Gain Gain Bandwidth Product Closed Loop Gain Word Commutating Filter Sensitivity (VTH) Notes: 2 1. With diode (D1) fitted. 2. For VDD = 5V. Multiply by VDD/5V for other supply values. 3. Observing pins 13, 14 or 15 (D4/P3 package) will cause a frequency shift due to additional loading. If tuning the centre frequency by observing the VCO, design in a buffer amplifier between pin 15 and the probe/calibration point and tune with no input signal. Otherwise, tune by observing the detect output band edges while sweeping the input signal. The frequency at pin 15 is 6xfo, while at pins 13 and 14 the frequency is 3xfo. 4. Adjust according to equation for R2 in Section 1.6.2. 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 13 D/105A/5 Tone Detector 1.7.2 FX105A Packaging Figure 7 - SOIC Mechanical Outline: Order as part no. FX105AD4 Figure 8 - DIL Mechanical Outline: Order as part no. FX105AP3 1999 Consumer Microcircuits Limited 14 D/105A/5 Tone Detector FX105A Handling precautions: This product includes input protection, however, precautions should be taken to prevent device damage from electro-static discharge. CML does not assume any responsibility for the use of any circuitry described. No IPR or circuit patent licences are implied. CML reserves the right at any time without notice to change the said circuitry and this product specification. CML has a policy of testing every product shipped using calibrated test equipment to ensure compliance with this product specification. Specific testing of all circuit parameters is not necessarily performed. Oval Park - LANGFORD MALDON - ESSEX CM9 6WG - ENGLAND Telephone: +44 (0)1621 875500 Telefax: +44 (0)1621 875600 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.cmlmicro.co.uk CML Microcircuits COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS CML Product Data In the process of creating a more global image, the three standard product semiconductor companies of CML Microsystems Plc (Consumer Microcircuits Limited (UK), MX-COM, Inc (USA) and CML Microcircuits (Singapore) Pte Ltd) have undergone name changes and, whilst maintaining their separate new names (CML Microcircuits (UK) Ltd, CML Microcircuits (USA) Inc and CML Microcircuits (Singapore) Pte Ltd), now operate under the single title CML Microcircuits. These companies are all 100% owned operating companies of the CML Microsystems Plc Group and these changes are purely changes of name and do not change any underlying legal entities and hence will have no effect on any agreements or contacts currently in force. CML Microcircuits Product Prefix Codes Until the latter part of 1996, the differentiator between products manufactured and sold from MXCOM, Inc. and Consumer Microcircuits Limited were denoted by the prefixes MX and FX respectively. These products use the same silicon etc. and today still carry the same prefixes. In the latter part of 1996, both companies adopted the common prefix: CMX. This notification is relevant product information to which it is attached. Company contact information is as below: CML Microcircuits (UK)Ltd CML Microcircuits (USA) Inc. CML Microcircuits (Singapore)PteLtd COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS Oval Park, Langford, Maldon, Essex, CM9 6WG, England Tel: +44 (0)1621 875500 Fax: +44 (0)1621 875600 [email protected] www.cmlmicro.com 4800 Bethania Station Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27105, USA Tel: +1 336 744 5050, 0800 638 5577 Fax: +1 336 744 5054 [email protected] www.cmlmicro.com No 2 Kallang Pudding Road, 09-05/ 06 Mactech Industrial Building, Singapore 349307 Tel: +65 7450426 Fax: +65 7452917 [email protected] www.cmlmicro.com D/CML (D)/1 February 2002