EMC EM78451AQ

EM78451
8-Bit
Microcontroller
Product
Specification
DOC. VERSION 1.2
ELAN MICROELECTRONICS CORP.
May 2004
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Copyright © 2005 by ELAN Microelectronics Corporation
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Contents
Contents
1
2
3
4
GENERAL DESCRIPTION................................................................................................... 1
FEATURES........................................................................................................................... 1
PIN ASSIGNMENT ............................................................................................................... 2
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................. 3
4.1
Operational Registers .................................................................................................. 4
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.1.7
4.1.8
4.1.9
4.1.10
4.1.11
4.1.12
4.1.13
4.1.14
4.1.15
4.2
R0 (Indirect Address Register) ...................................................................................... 4
R1 (TCC) ....................................................................................................................... 4
R2 (Program Counter) & Stack...................................................................................... 4
R3 (Status Register) ...................................................................................................... 5
R4 (RAM Select Register) ............................................................................................. 6
R5~R8 (Port 5 ~ Port8).................................................................................................. 6
R9 (Port9) ...................................................................................................................... 6
RA (SPIRB: SPI Read Buffer)........................................................................................ 8
RB (SPIWB: SPI Write Buffer)....................................................................................... 8
RC (SPIS: SPI Status Register) .................................................................................... 8
RD (SPIC: SPI Control Register)................................................................................... 8
RE (TMR1: Timer1 register) .......................................................................................... 9
RF (PWP: Pulse width preset register)........................................................................ 10
R20~R3E (General Purpose Register)........................................................................ 10
R3F (Interrupt Status Register) ................................................................................... 10
Special Purpose Registers ......................................................................................... 10
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.6
4.2.7
A (Accumulator) ........................................................................................................... 10
CONT (Control Register) ............................................................................................. 10
IOC5 ~ IOC9 (I/O Port Control Register)......................................................................11
IOCC (T1CON: Timer1 control register) .......................................................................11
IOCD (Pull-high Control Register) ............................................................................... 12
IOCE (WDT Control Register) ..................................................................................... 12
IOCF (Interrupt Mask Register) ................................................................................... 13
4.3
TCC/WDT Presacler .................................................................................................. 15
4.4
I/O Ports ..................................................................................................................... 15
4.5
SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODE.............................................................. 17
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4
4.5.5
4.5.6
4.6
Overview & Features ................................................................................................... 17
SPI Function Description ............................................................................................. 19
SPI Signal & Pin Description ....................................................................................... 21
Programming the related registers .............................................................................. 22
SPI Mode Timing ......................................................................................................... 25
Software Application of SPI ......................................................................................... 26
Timer 1 ....................................................................................................................... 30
4.6.1
4.6.2
Overview...................................................................................................................... 30
Function description .................................................................................................... 30
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
• iii
Contents
4.6.3
Programmed the related registers............................................................................... 31
4.7
RESET and Wake-up ................................................................................................. 32
4.8
Interrupt...................................................................................................................... 37
4.9
Oscillator .................................................................................................................... 38
4.9.1
4.9.2
4.9.3
Oscillator Modes.......................................................................................................... 38
Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic Resonators (XTAL) ........................................................... 39
RC Oscillator Mode ..................................................................................................... 40
4.10 Code Option Register................................................................................................. 42
4.11 Instruction Set ............................................................................................................ 43
5
6
4.12 Timing Diagrams ........................................................................................................ 46
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING ....................................................................................... 47
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS.................................................................................. 47
6.1
7
DC Characteristic ....................................................................................................... 47
6.2 AC Characteristic ....................................................................................................... 48
APPLICATION CIRCUIT .................................................................................................... 49
APPENDIX
A
Package Types: ................................................................................................................. 50
Specification Revision History
Doc. Version
iv •
Revision Description
Date
1.0
Initial version
1.1
Change Power on reset content
06/30/2003
1.2
Cancel Code Option LVDD
05/27/2004
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The EM78451 is an 8-bit microprocessor designed and developed with low-power and
high speed CMOS technology. Its operation kernel is implemented with RISC-like
architecture, and it is available in the mask ROM version. This device is also equipped
with the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) function and an easy-implemented RS-232.
The EM78451 is extremely suitable for wired communication. In fact, there are only
fifty-eight (58) easy-to-learn instructions required plus the user’s program can be
emulated with the EMC In-Circuit Emulator (ICE).
2
FEATURES
Operating voltage ranges between: 2.3V~5.5V.
Operating temperature ranges between: 0°C~70°C.
Operating frequency ranges between (based on 2 clocks):
•
•
1Crystal mode: DC~20MHz at 5V, DC~8MHz at 3V, DC~4MHz at 2.3V.
RC mode: DC~4MHz at 5V, DC~4MHz at 3V, DC~4MHz at 2.3V.
Low power consumption:
•
•
Less then 3 mA at 5V/4MHz
Typically 10 µA during sleep mode
(SPI) Serial Peripheral Interface is also available.
4K × 13 bits on chip ROM (EM78451).
11 Special function registers.
140× 8 bits On- chip general-purpose registers.
5 Bi-directional I/O ports (35 I/O pins).
3 LED Direct sinking pins with internal serial resistors.
Built-in RC oscillator with external serial resistor, ±10% variation.
Built-in power-on reset.
Five stacks designed for subroutine nesting.
8-bit Real time clock/counter (TCC) with overflow interrupt.
Two to four machine -clocks for each instruction cycle.
Power down mode.
I/O ports have a Programmable wake-up function from sleep circuit.
Programmable free running on-chip watchdog timer.
12 Wake-up pins.
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
•1
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
2 Open-drain pins.
2 R-option pins.
32 Programmable pull-high input pins.
Package types:
•
•
40 pin DIP 600mil : EM78451AP.
44 pin QFP: EM78451AQ.
Four types of interrupts.
•
•
•
•
SPI transmission completed interrupt.
TCC overflow interrupt.
Timer1 comparator match interrupt.
PIN ASSIGNMENT
V S S
1
40
IN T
2
39
R -O S C I
D A T A
3
38
V D D
C L K
4
37
P 90
5
36
P 71
P 91
26
P 87
P 55
16
25
P 86
P 56
17
24
P 85
P 57
18
23
P 84
P 80
19
22
P 83
P 81
20
21
P 82
NC
NC
P70
35
34
38
NC
VDD
39
36
R-OSCI
40
37
VSS
OSCO
41
DATA
INT
42
CLK
24
23
22
15
11
21
P 54
25
10
P86
P 60
26
9
P85
27
27
8
20
14
P 61
28
7
P84
P 53
28
29
EM 78451A Q
6
19
13
P 62
30
5
P83
P 52
29
4
18
12
P 63
17
P 51
P 64
30
P82
11
P 65
31
31
NC
P 50
32
32
3
16
10
33
2
15
9
S S /P 9 5
1
P81
S C K /P 9 4
P 90
P 91
S D I/ P 9 2
S D O /P 9 3
S C K /P 9 4
S S /P 9 5
P 50
P 51
P 52
P 53
P 54
P80
P 66
14
33
P57
8
13
P 67
S D O /P 9 3
12
P 72
34
P55
35
7
P56
6
43
P 70
44
O S C O
S D I/P 9 2
EM78451AP/W M
3
External interrupt (/INT).
P71
P72
P67
P66
P65
P64
P63
P62
P61
P60
P87
Fig. 1 Pin assignment
Table 1 Pin description
Symbol
Pin No.
Type
R-OSCI
39
I
OSCO
40
O
P90~P95
5~10
I/O
P80~P87
19~26
I/O
P70~P72
37~35
I/O
CLK
4
I/O
2•
Function Description
In XTAL mode: Crystal input; In internal C, external R mode: 56K ohm±5%
pull high for 1.8432MHz.
In XTAL mode: Crystal output; In RC mode: Instruction clock output.
General bi-directional I/O port. All of its pins can be pulled-high by
software.
P90 and P91 are pin-change wake-up pins.
General bi-directional I/O port. All of its pins can be pulled-high by
software.
P80 and P81 are also used as the R-option pins.
LED direct-driving pin with internal serial resistor is used as output and is
software defined.
By connecting P74 and P76 together.
P74 can be pulled-high by software and it is also a pin-change wake-up
pin.
P76 can be defined as an open-drain output.
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Symbol
Pin No.
Type
DATA
3
I/O
By connecting P75 and P77 together, P75 can be pulled-high by software
and it is also a pin-change wake-up pin.
P77 can be defined as an open-drain output.
P60~P67
27~34
I/O
General bi-directional port. All of its pins can be pulled-high by software,
and pin-change wake-up pins.
P50~P57
11~18
I/O
VDD
VSS
38
1
-
/INT
2
I
SDI
SDO
SCK
/SS
7
8
9
10
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
4
Function Description
General bi-directional I/O port. All of its pins can be pulled-high * * by
software.
Power supply pin.
Ground pin.
An interrupt schmitt-triggered pin. The function of interrupt triggers at the
falling edge. Users can enable it by software. The internal pull-up resistor
is around 50K ohm.
Serial data in for SPI
Serial data out for SPI.
Serial clock for SPI.
/Slave select for SPI.
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
W DT Tim er
W DT
Tim e-out
PC
STACK 1
STACK 2
Prescaler
STACK 3
O scillator/
Tim m ing
Control
/ INT
STACK 4
ROM
STACK 5
Interrupt
Control
R1(TCC)
Sleep
&
W ake Up
Control
Instruction
Register
ALU
Instruction
Decoder
RAM
R3
ACC
TM R1
R4
DAT A & CONT ROL BUS
IOC5
R5
IOC6
R6
IOC7
R7
PPPPPPPP
55555555
01234567
PPPPPPPP
66666666
01234567
P
7
0
P
7
1
IOC8
R8
P
7
2
PPPPPPPP
88888888
01234567
IOC9
R9
P PP P
9 9 9 9
0 1 2 3
/ /
S S
DD
I O
P
9
4
/
S
C
K
SPI
ENG IN
P
5
5
/
/
S
S
Fig. 2 Functional Block Diagram
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
•3
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
4.1 Operational Registers
4.1.1 R0 (Indirect Address Register)
R0 is not a physically implemented register. It is used as an indirect addressing
pointer. Any instruction using R0 as register actually accesses data pointed by the
RAM Select Register (R4).
4.1.2 R1 (TCC)
It is increased by the instruction cycle clock.
Written and read by program as any other register.
4.1.3 R2 (Program Counter) & Stack
R2 and the hardware stacks are 12 bits wide.
The structure is depicted in Fig. 3.
Generates 4K × 13 on-chip ROM addresses to the relative programming instruction
codes. One program page is 1024 words long.
All the R2 bits are set to "1"s as RESET condition occurs.
"JMP" instruction allows direct loading of the lower 10 program counter bits. Thus,
"JMP" allows it to jump to any location on one page.
"CALL" instruction loads the lower 10 bits of the PC, and then PC+1 is pushed into
the stack. Thus, the subroutine entry address can be located anywhere within a
page.
"RET" ("RETL k", "RETI") instruction loads the program counter with the contents
at the top of stack.
"MOV R2, A" allows the loading of an address from the "A" register to the lower 8
bits of PC, and the ninth and tenth bits (A8~A9) of PC are cleared.
"ADD R2, A" allows a relative address to be added to the current PC, and the ninth
and tenth bits of PC are cleared.
Any instruction that is written to R2 (e.g. "ADD R2, A", "MOV R2, A", "BC R2,6",⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅)
(except "TBL") will cause the ninth and tenth bits (A8~A9) of PC to be cleared.
Thus, the computed jump is limited to the first 256 locations of any program page.
"TBL" allows a relative address to be added to the current PC (R2+A→R2), and
contents of the ninth and tenth bits (A8~A9) of PC are not changed. Thus, the
computed jump can be on the second (or third, 4th) 256th locations on one
program page.
4•
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
In the case of EM78451, the most significant bit (A10,A11) will be loaded with the
content of bit PS0 ~PS1 in the status register (R3) upon the execution of a "JMP",
"CALL", or any other instructions which writes to R2.
All instructions are single instruction cycle (fclk/2 or fclk/4) except for the instruction
that would change the contents of R2. Such instruction will need one more
instruction cycle.
CALL
PC
A11A10
A9A8
00
000
3FF
01
400
7FF
A7
Stack 1
~ A0
RET
Stack 2
RETL
Stack 3
RETI
Stack 4
Stack 5
Page 0
001:Hareware interrupt location
002:Software interrupt (INT instruction) location
Page 1
FFF:Reset location
10
800
BFF
11
C00
FFF
Page 2
Page 3
Fig. 3 Program counter organization
4.1.4 R3 (Status Register)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GP
PS1
PS0
T
P
Z
DC
C
Bit 0 (C) Carry flag
Bit 1 (DC) Auxiliary carry flag
Bit 2 (Z) Zero flag. Set to "1" if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero.
Bit 3 (P) Power down bit. Set to 1 during power on or by a "WDTC" command and reset
to 0 by a "SLEP" command.
Bit 4 (T) Time-out bit. Set to 1 with the "SLEP" and the "WDTC" commands, or during
power up and reset to 0 with WDT timeout.
Bits 5 (PS0) ~ 6 (PS1) Page select bits. PS0~PS1 are used to pre-select a program
memory page. When executing a "JMP", "CALL", or other instructions which
causes the program counter to be changed (e.g. MOV R2, A), PS0~PS1 are
loaded into the 11th and 12th bits of the program counter where it selects one
of the available program memory pages. Note that RET (RETL, RETI)
instruction does not change the PS0~PS1 bits. That is, the return will always
be the page from where the subroutine was called, regardless of the current
settings of PS0~PS1 bits. PS1 bit is not used (read as "0") and cannot be
modified in EM78451.
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
•5
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
PS1
PS0
Program memory page [Address]
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
Page 0 [000-3FF]
Page 1 [400-7FF]
Page 2 [800-BFF]
Page 3 [C00-FFF]
Bit 7 (GP) General read/write bit.
4.1.5 R4 (RAM Select Register)
Bits 0~5 are used to select the registers (address: 00~3F) in the indirect addressing
mode.
Bits 6~7 determines which bank is activated among the 4 banks.
If indirect addressing is not used, the RSR is used as an 8-bit general-purpose
read/writer register.
See the configuration of the data memory in Fig. 4.
4.1.6 R5~R8 (Port 5 ~ Port8)
Four general 8 bits I/O registers
Both P74 and P76 read or write data from the DATA pin, while both P75 and P77 read
or write data from the CLK pin.
4.1.7 R9 (Port9)
General 6-bit I/O registers.
The values of the two most significant bits are read as "0".
6•
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
00
R0
01
R1 (TCC)
02
R2 (PC)
STACK 0
03
R3 (Status)
STACK 1
04
R4 (RSR)
STACK 2
05
R5 (Port 5)
STACK 3
IOC5
06
R6 (Port 6)
STACK 4
IOC6
07
R7 (Port 7)
IOC7
08
R8 (Port 8)
IOC8
09
R9 (Port 9)
IOC9
0A
RA
0B
RB
0C
RC
IOCC
0D
RD
IOCD
0E
RE
IOCE
0F
RF
IOCF
10
11
16x8
Common
Register
1E
1F
00
01
10
11
20
21
31x8
Bank
Register
31x8
Bank
Register
31x8
Bank
Register
31x8
Bank
Register
(Bank 0)
(Bank 1)
(Bank 2)
(Bank 3)
3E
3F
R3F
Fig. 4 Data Memory Configuration
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
•7
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
4.1.8 RA (SPIRB: SPI Read Buffer)
Address
0X0A
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
SPIRB/RA SRB7
SRB6
SRB5
SRB4
SRB3
SRB2
SRB1
SRB0
SRB7~SRB0 are the 8-bit data when transmission is completed by SPI.
4.1.9 RB (SPIWB: SPI Write Buffer)
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0x0B
SPIWB/RB
SWB7
SWB6
SWB5
SWB4
SWB3
SWB2
SWB1
SWB0
SWB7~SWB0 are the 8-bit data that is waiting for transmission by SPI.
4.1.10 RC (SPIS: SPI Status Register)
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0x0C
SPIS/RC
--
--
--
TM1IF
OD3
OD4
RBFIF
RBF
TM1IF (bit 4):
1 = In timer1 mode, receiving completed, and an interrupt occurs if enabled.
0 = In timer1 mode, receiving not completed, and an interrupt does not occur.
OD3 (bit 3):Open Drain Control bit
1 = Open-Drain enable for SDO,
0 = Open-Drain disable for SDO.
OD4 (bit 2):Open-Drain Control bit
1 = Open-Drain enable for SCK,
0 = Open-Drain disable for SCK.
RBFIF (bit 1): Read Buffer Full Interrupt flag
1 = Receiving completed, SPIRB is fully exchanged, and an interrupt occur if enable.
0 = Receiving not completed; SPIRB has not fully exchanged.
RBF (bit 0):Read Buffer Full flag
1 = Receiving completed; SPIRB is fully exchanged.
0 = Receiving not completed; and SPIRB has not fully exchanged.
4.1.11 RD (SPIC: SPI Control Register)
8•
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
0x0D
SPIC/RD
CES
SPIE
SRO
SSE
-
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
SBRS2 SBRS1 SBRS0
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
CES (bit 7): Clock Edge Select bit
1 = Data shifts out on falling edge, and shifts in on rising edge. Data is on hold during
high level.
0 = Data shifts out on rising edge, and shifts in on falling edge. Data is on hold during
low level.
SPIE (bit 6): SPI Enable bit
1= Enable SPI mode
0= Disable SPI mode
SRO (bit 5): SPI Read Overflow bit
1 = A new data is received while the previous data is still being held in the SPIB
register. In this situation, the data in SPIS register will be destroyed. To avoid setting
this bit, users are required to read the SPIRB registers although only the transmission
has been implemented.
0 = No overflow.
NOTE
This can only occur in slave mode.
SSE (bit 4): SPI Shift Enable bit
1 = Start to shift, and keep on 1 while the current byte is still being transmitted.
0 = Reset as soon as the shifting is complete, and the next byte is ready to shift.
NOTE
This bit will reset to 0 at every one-byte transmission by the hardware
SBRS (bit 2~bit 0): SPI Baud Rate Select bits
SPI baud rate table is illustrated in the SPI section of this specification.
4.1.12 RE (TMR1: Timer1 register)
Address
0X0E
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
TMR1/RE TMR17 TMR16
Bit 5
Bit 4
TMR15 TMR14
Bit 3
Bit 2
TMR13 TMR12
Bit 1
Bit 0
TMR11 TMR10
TMR17~TMR10 is bit sets of timer1 register and it increases until the value matches
PWP and then it resets to 0.
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
•9
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
4.1.13 RF (PWP: Pulse width preset register)
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0x0F
PWP/RF
PWP7
PWP6
PWP5
PWP4
PWP3
PWP2
PWP1
PWP0
PWP7~PWP0 are the bit sets of pulse width preset in advance for the desired baud
clock width.
4.1.14 R20~R3E (General Purpose Register)
RA~R1F, and R20~R3E (including Banks 0~3) are general-purpose registers.
4.1.15 R3F (Interrupt Status Register)
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0x3F
ISR/R3F
-
-
-
-
TM1IF
SPIIF
EXIF
TCIF
Bit 0 (TCIF) TCC timer overflow interrupt flag. Set as TCC overflow; flag cleared by
software.
Bit 1 (EXIF) External interrupt flag. Set by falling edge on /INT pin, flag cleared by
software
Bit 2 (SPIIF) SPI interrupt flag. Set by completion of data transmission, flag cleared by
software.
Bit 3 (TM1IF) Timer1 interrupt flag. Set by the comparator at Timer1 application, flag
cleared by software.
Bits 2~7 are not used and read as “0”.
"1" means interrupt request, "0" means non-interrupt.
R3F can be cleared by instruction, but cannot be set by instruction.
IOCF is the interrupt mask register.
Note that to read R3F will result of "logic AND" of R3F and IOCF.
4.2 Special Purpose Registers
4.2.1
A (Accumulator)
Internal data transfer, or instruction operand holding.
A non-addressable register.
4.2.2
10 •
CONT (Control Register)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
/PHEN
/INT
-
-
PAB
PSR2
PSR1
PSR0
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Bit 7 (/PHEN) I/O pin pull-high enable flag.
0: For P60~P67, P74~P75 and P90~P95, the pull-high function is enabled.
1: The pull-high function is disabled.
Bit 6 (INT) An interrupt enable flag cannot be written by the CONTW instruction.
0: interrupt masked by the DISI instruction.
1: interrupt enabled by the ENI or RETI instruction.
Bit4, 5 Not used, and to be read as “0”.
Bit 3 (PAB) Prescaler assignment bit.
0: TCC
1: WDT
Bit 0 (PSR0) ~ Bit 2 (PSR2) TCC/WDT prescaler bits.
PSR2
PSR1
PSR0
TCC Rate
WDT Rate
0
0
0
0
0
1
1:2
1:4
1:1
1:2
0
1
0
1:8
1:4
0
1
1
1:16
1:8
1
0
0
1:32
1:16
1
0
1
1:64
1:32
1
1
0
1:128
1:64
1
1
1
1:256
1:128
Bits 0~3, and 7 of the CONT register are readable and writable.
4.2.3
IOC5 ~ IOC9 (I/O Port Control Register)
"1" put the relative I/O pin into high impedance, while "0" put the relative I/O pin as
output.
Both P74 and P76 should not be defined as output pins at the same time; this also
applies to both P75 and P77.
Only the lower 6 bits of the IOC9 register are used.
4.2.4
IOCC (T1CON: Timer1 control register)
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
0x0C
T1CON/IOCC
0
0
0
0
0
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
TM1E TM1P1 TM1P0
TM1E (bit2): Timer1 Function Enable bit
1 = Enable timer1 function.
0 = Disable timer1 function as default.
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 11
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
TM1P (bit1~bit0): Timer1 Prescaler bit
Refer to the Timer1 prescaler table for FOSC illustration under the section
“Timer1” on the subsequent pages.
4.2.5
IOCD (Pull-high Control Register)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
S7
-
-
-
/PU9
/PU8
/PU6
/PU5
The default values of /PU5, /PU6, /PU8, and /PU9 are “1” which means the
pull-high function is disabled.
/PU6 and /PU9 are “AND” gating with /PHEN, that is, when each one is written
as“0,” pull high is enabled.
S7 defines the driving ability of the P70-P72.
0: Normal output.
1: Enhance the driving ability of LED.
4.2.6
IOCE (WDT Control Register)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
ODE
WDTE
SLPC
ROC
-
-
/WUE
Bit 0 (/WUE) This control bit is used to enable the wake-up function of P60~P67,
P74~P75, and P90~P91.
0: Enable the wake-up function.
1: Disable the wake-up function.
The /WUE bit can be read and written.
Bit 3 (ROC) ROC is used for the R-option. Setting ROC to "1" will enable the status of
R-option pins (P80, P81) to be read by the controller. Clearing ROC will
disable the R-option function. Otherwise, the R-option function is
introduced. Users must connect the P81 pin or/and P80 pin to VSS by a
560KΩ external resistor (Rex). If Rex is connected/disconnected with
VDD, the status of P80 (P81) will be read as "0"/"1" (refer to Fig. 7(b)).
The ROC bit can be read and written.
Bit 4 (SLPC) This bit is set by hardware at the falling edge of wake-up signal and is
cleared in software. SLPC is used to control the oscillator operation. The
oscillator is disabled (oscillator stops, and the controller enters the LEEP2
mode) on the high-to-low transition and is enabled (the controller is
awakened from SLEEP2 mode) on low-to-high transition. In order to
ensure the stable output of the oscillator, once the oscillator is enabled
again, there is a delay of approximately 18 ms (oscillator start-up timer
(OST)) before the next program instruction is executed. The OST is
12 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
always activated by wake-up from sleep mode whether the Code Option
bit ENWDT is "0" or not. After waking up, the WDT is enabled if Code
Option ENWDT is "1". The block diagram of SLEEP2 mode and wake-up
caused by input triggered is depicted in Fig. 5. The SLPC bit can be read
and written.
Bit 5 (WDTE) Control bit used to enable Watchdog timer.
The WDTE bit can be used only if ENWDT, the CODE Option bit, is "1". If
the ENWDT bit is "1", then WDT can be disabled/enabled by the WDTE
bit.
0: Disable WDT.
1: Enable WDT.
The WDTE bit is not used if ENWDT, the CODE Option bit ENWDT, is "0".
That is, if the ENWDT bit is "0", WDT is always disabled regardless of
what the WDTE bit is.
The WDTE bit can be read and written.
Bit 6 (ODE) Open-drain control bit.
0: Both P76 and P77 are normally I/O pins.
1: Both P76 and P77 pins have the open-drain function inside.
The ODE bit can be read and written.
Bits 1~2, and 7 Not used.
4.2.7
IOCF (Interrupt Mask Register)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
TM1IE
SPIIE
EXIE
TCIE
Bit 0 (TCIE) TCIF interrupt enable bit.
0: disable TCIF interrupt
1: enable TCIF interrupt
Bit 1 (EXIE) EXIF interrupt enable bit.
0: disable EXIF interrupt
1: enable EXIF interrupt
Bit 2 (SPIIE) SPI interrupt enable bit.
0: disable SPI interrupt
1: enable SPI interrupt
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 13
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Bit 3 (TM1IE) TM1IE interrupt enable bit.
0: disable TM1IE interrupt
1: enable TM1IE interrupt
Bits 4~7 Not used.
Individual interrupt is enabled by setting its associated control bit in IOCF to "1".
The IOCF Register could be read and written.
/WUE
Oscillator
Enable
Disable
/WUE
Reset
Q
Q
Clear
P D
R
CLK
C
L
VCC
Set
8
/WUE
from S/W
P60~P67
VCC
/WUE
/PHEN
4
P74~P75, P90~P91
Fig. 5 Block Diagram of Sleep Mode and Wake-up Circuits on I/O Ports
14 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
4.3 TCC/WDT Presacler
An 8-bit counter is available as prescaler for the TCC or WDT. The prescaler is
available for either the TCC or WDT at any given time, and the PAB bit of CONT
register is used to determine the prescaler assignment. The PSR0~PSR2 bits
determine the prescale ratio. The prescaler is cleared each time the instruction is
written to TCC under TCC mode. The WDT and prescaler, when assigned to WDT
mode, are cleared by the WDTC or SLEP instructions. Fig. 6 depicts the circuit diagram
of TCC/WDT.
R1(TCC) is an 8-bit timer/counter. TCC will increase by one at every instruction
cycle (without the prescaler).
The watchdog timer is a free running on-chip RC oscillator. The WDT will keep
running even when the oscillator driver has been turned off (i.e. in sleep mode).
During normal operation or sleep mode, a WDT time-out (if enabled) will cause the
device to reset. The WDT can be enabled or disabled any time during the normal
mode by software programming (if Code Option bit ENWDT is "1"). Refer to WDTE
bit of IOCE register. Without presacler, the WDT time-out period is approximately
18 ms1.
4.4 I/O Ports
The I/O registers, from Port 5 to Port 9, are bi-directional tri-state I/O ports. P60~P67,
P74~P75, and P90~P91 provide the internal pull-high. P60~P67, P74~P75, and
P90~P95 provide programmable wake-up function through software. P76~P77 can
have an open-drain output by software control. P80~P81 are the R-option pins which
are enabled by software. When the R-option function is used, it is recommended that
P80 and P81 should be used as output pins. During the R-option enabled state, P80
and P81 must be programmed as input pins. If an external resistor is connected to P80
(P81) for the R-option function, the current consumption, if necessary, should be taken
as an important factor in the applications for low power consideration.
The I/O ports can be defined as "input" or "output" pins by the I/O control registers
(IOC5~IOC9) under program control. The I/O registers and I/O control registers are
both readable and writable. The I/O interface circuit is shown in Fig. 7. Note that the
reading path source of input and output pins is different when reading the I/O port.
1 NOTE: Vdd = 5V, set up time period = 16.2ms ± 5%
Vdd = 3V, set up time period = 18.0ms ± 5%
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 15
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Data Bus
CLK(=Fosc/2)
1
M
U
X
SYNC
TCC(R1)
2 cycles
0
TCC overflow interrupt
PAB
0
W DT
1
M
U
X
8- bit Counter
PSR0~PSR2
8 - to - 1 MUX
0
W DTE
1
PAB
MUX
(in IOCE)
W DT tim eout
Fig. 6 Block Diagram of TCC WDT
PCRD
Q
PORT
0
1
M
U
X
P
R
D
CLK
Q
C
L
Q
P
R
Q
C CLK
L
PCW R
IOD
D
PDW R
PDRD
Fig. 7 (a) The Circuit of I/O Port and I/O Control Register
16 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
PCRD
VCC
ROC
P D
R
CLK
Q C
L
Q
Weakly
Pull-up
P
R D
C CLK
Q L
PCWR
IOD
Q
PORT
0
Rex*
1
M
U
X
PDWR
PDRD
*The Rex is 560K ohm external resistor
Fig. 7 (b) The Circuit of I/O Port with R-option (P80, P81)
4.5 SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODE
4.5.1
Overview & Features
Overview:
Figure 8, 9, and 10 shows how the EM78451 communicates with other devices through
the SPI module. If EM78451 is a master controller, it sends clock through the SCK pin.
A couple of 8-bit data are transmitted and received at the same time. However, if
EM78451 is defined as a slave, its SCK pin could be programmed as an input pin. Data
will continue to be shifted based on both the clock rate and the selected edge.
Features:
Operation in either Master mode or Slave mode,
Three-wire or four-wire synchronous communication; that is, full duplex
Programmable baud rates of communication,
Programming clock polarity, (RD bit7)
Interrupt flag available for the read buffer full,
Up to 8 MHz (maximum) bit frequency,
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 17
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
SDO
SPIR Reg
SPIW
SPIW Reg
Reg
/SS
SPIS Reg
SDI
SPI Module
Bit 7
Master Device
SCK
Slave Device
Fig. 8 SPI Master/Slave Communication
SDI
SDO
SCK
/SS
Vdd
Master
P50
P51
P52
P53
SDO
SDI
SCK
/SS
SDO
SDI
SCK
/SS
SDO
SDI
SCK
/SS
SDO
SDI
SCK
/SS
Slave Device 1
Slave Device 2
Slave Device 3
Slave Device 4
Fig. 9 The SPI Configuration of Single-Master and Multi-Slave
18 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
SDI
SDO
SCK
/S S
M aster1
or
S lave1
SDI
SDO
SCK
/S S
M aster2
or
P 50
S lave6
P 51
P 50
P 51
P 52
P 53
P 52
P 53
S lave 4 for M aster1/2
SDO
SDI
SCK
/SS
SDO
SDI
SCK
/SS
SDO
SDI
SCK
/SS
SDO
SDI
SCK
/SS
S lave 3 for M aster 1/2
S lave 2 for m aster 1
S lave 5 for M aster 2
Fig. 10 The SPI Configuration of Single-Master and Multi-Slave
4.5.2
SPI Function Description
Read
RBF
RBFI
Write
SPIR
SE
reg
SPIW reg
Set to 1
Buffer Full Detector
SPIS
P92/SDI
shift right
reg
bit 0
bit 7
SPIC reg
P93/SDO
Edge
Select
SBR0 ~SBR2
P95/ /SS
/ SS
Tsco
SBR2~SBR0
8
Noise
Filter
Clock Select
2
Prescaler
4, 8, 16, 32, 64
Edge
Select
P94/SCK
TMR1/2
SPIC bit6
Fig. 11 SPI Block Diagram
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 19
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
SPI
SPI Read Register
(0X0A)
7~0
SPIWB
/SS
SPI Write Register
(0X0B)
8-1 MUX
SPI Mode Select
Register
2 1 0
SPIC
SDO
SDI
Shift Clock
SPI Shift Buffer
FOSC
1 0
7 6 4 1 0
T1CON
SPIC
SPIS
2
4
INTC
SPIC
7~0
SPIRB
DATA BUS
Fig. 12 The Function Block Diagram of SPI Transmission
The following describes the function of each block and explains how to carry out the
SPI communication with the signals depicted in Fig.11 and Fig.12:
P92/SDI:Serial Data In.
P93/SDO:Serial Data Out.
P94/SCK: Serial Clock.
P95//SS:/Slave Select (Option). This pin (/SS) may be required during a slave
mode.
RBF: Set by Buffer Full Detector, and reset in software.
RBIF:Set by Buffer Full Detector, and reset in software.
Buffer Full Detector: Sets to 1, when an 8-bit shifting is completed.
SSE:Loads the data in SPIS register, and begin to shift
SPIS reg.:Shifting byte in and out. The MSB is shifted first. Both the SPIS and
SPIW registers are loaded at the same time. Once the data are written, SPIS starts
with the transmission / reception. The data received will be moved to the SPIR
register, as the shifting of the 8-bit data is completed. The RBF (Read Buffer Full)
flag and the RBFI (Read Buffer Full Interrupt) flag are then set.
SPIR reg.: Read buffer. The buffer will be updated as the 8-bit shifting is
completed. The data must be read before the next reception is finished. The RBF
flag is cleared as the SPIR register reads.
SPIW reg.:Write buffer. The buffer will deny any attempt to write until the 8-bit
shifting is completed.
20 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
The SSE bit will be kept in 1 if the communication is still undergoing. This flag must be
cleared as the shifting is completed. Users can determine if the next write attempt is
available.
SBRS2~SBRS0: Programming the clock frequency/rates and sources.
Clock Select:Selecting either the internal or the external clock as the shifting clock.
Edge Select:Selecting the appropriate clock edges by programming the CES bit
4.5.3
SPI Signal & Pin Description
The detailed functions of the four pins, SDI, SDO, SCK, and /SS, which are shown in
Fig. 9, are as follows:
SDI/P92 (Pin 7):
Serial Data In,
Receive sequentially, the Most Significant Bit (MSB) first, the Least Significant Bit
(LSB) last,
Defined as high-impedance, if not selected,
Program the same clock rate and clock edge to latch on both the master and slave
devices,
The byte received will update the transmitted byte,
Both the RBF and the RBFIF bits (located in Register 0x0C) will be set as the SPI
operation is completed.
Timing is shown in Fig.13 and Fig. 14.
SDO/P93 (Pin 8):
Serial Data Out,
Transmit sequentially; the Most Significant Bit (MSB) first, the Least Significant Bit
(LSB) last,
Program the same clock rate and clock edge to latch on both the master and slave
devices,
The byte received will update the transmitted byte,
The CES (located in Register 0x0D) bit will be reset, as the SPI operation is
completed.
Timing is shown in Fig.13 and 14.
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 21
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
SCK/P94 (Pin 9):
Serial Clock
Generated by a master device
Synchronize the data communication on both the SDI and SDO pins
The CES (located in Register 0x0D) is used to select the edge to communicate
The SBR0~SBR2 (located in Register 0x0D) is used to determine the baud rate of
communication
The CES, SBR0, SBR1, and SBR2 bit have no effect in the slave mode
Timing is show in Fig.13 and 14
/SS/P95 (Pin 10):
Slave Select; negative logic,
Generated by a master device to signify the slave(s) to receive data,
Goes low before the first cycle of SCK appears and remains low until the last
(eighth) cycle is completed,
Ignores the data on the SDI and SDO pins when /SS is high, because the SDO is
no longer driven.
Timing is shown in Fig.13 and Fig. 14.
4.5.4
Programming the related registers
The related registers for defining SPI mode are shown in Table 2 and 3.
Table 2 Related Control Registers of the SPI Mode
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0x0D
*SPIC/RD
CES
SPIE
SRO
SSE
--
SBR2
SBR1
SBR0
0x0F
INTC/IOCF
--
--
--
--
TM1IE
SPIIE
EXIE
TCIE
SPIC: SPI Control Register.
CES (bit 7): Clock Edge Select bit
1 = Data shifts out on falling edge, and shifts in on rising edge. Data is on hold
during the high level.
0 = Data shifts out on rising edge, and shifts in on falling edge. Data is on hold
during the low level.
SPIE (bit 6): SPI Enable bit
1 = Enable SPI mode
0 = Disable SPI mode
22 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
SRO (bit 5): SPI Read Overflow bit
1 = A new data is received while the previous data is still being on hold in the
SPIB register. Under this condition, the data in SPIS register will be destroyed.
To avoid setting this bit, users should read the SPIRB register even if the
transmission is implemented only.
0 = No overflow.
NOTE
This can only occur under slave mode.
SSE (bit 4): SPI Shift Enable bit
1 = Start to shift, and stays on 1 while the current byte continues to transmit.
0 = Reset as soon as the shifting is completed, and the next byte is ready to shift.
NOTE
This bit can be reset by hardware only.
SBRS (bit 2~0):SPI Baud Rate Select Bits
SBRS2 (Bit 2)
SBRS1 (Bit 1)
SBRS0 (Bit 0)
Mode
Baud Rate
0
0
0
Master
Fsco/2
0
0
1
Master
Fsco/4
0
1
0
Master
Fsco/8
0
1
1
Master
Fsco/16
1
0
0
Master
Fsco/32
1
0
1
Slave
/SS enable
1
1
0
Slave
/SS disable
1
1
1
Master
TMR1/2
NOTE
In master mode, /SS is disable.
INTC: Interrupt control register
Bit 3 (TM1IE) TM1IE interrupt enable bit.
0: disable TM1IE interrupt
1: enable TM1IE interrupt
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 23
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Bit 2 (SPIIE) SPI interrupt enable bit.
0: disable SPI interrupt
1: enable SPI interrupt
Bit 1 (EXIE) EXIF interrupt enable bit.
0: disable EXIF interrupt
1: enable EXIF interrupt
Bit 0 (TCIE) TCIF interrupt enable bit.
0: disable TCIF interrupt
1: enable TCIF interrupt
Table 3 Related Status/data Registers of the SPI Mode
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0X0A
SPIRB/RA
SRB7
SRB6
SRB5
SRB4
SRB3
SRB2
SRB1
SRB0
0x0B
SPIWB/RB SWB7
SWB6
SWB5
SWB4
SWB3
SWB2
SWB1 SWB0
0
0
TM1IF
OD3
OD4
0x0C
SPIS/RC
0
RBFIF
RBF
SPIRB: SPI Read Buffer. Once the serial data is received completely, it will load to
SPIRB from SPISR. The RBF bit and the RBFIF bit in the SPIS register will
also be set.
SPIWB: SPI Write Buffer. As transmitted data is loaded, the SPIS register stands by
and starts to shift the data when sensing SCK edge with SSE set to “1”.
SPIS: SPI Status register
TM1IF (bit4): Timer1 interrupt flag.
OD3 (bit 3): Open-Drain Control bit (P93)
1 = Open-drain enable for SDO,
0 = Open-drain disable for SDO.
OD4 (bit 2): Open-drain Control bit (P94)
1 = Open-drain enable for SCK,
0 = Open-drain disable for SCK.
RBFIF (bit 1): Read Buffer Full Interrupt flag
1 = Receive is completed, SPIB is full, and an interrupt occurs if enabled.
0 = Receive is ongoing, SPIB is empty.
24 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
RBF (bit 0): Read Buffer Full flag
1 = Receive is completed, SPIB is full.
0 = Receive is ongoing, SPIB is empty.
4.5.5
SPI Mode Timing
The edge of SCK is selected by programming bit CES. The waveform shown in Fig.13
is applicable regardless of whether the EM78451 is under master or slave mode with
/SS disabled. However, The waveform in Fig. 14 can only be implemented in slave
mode with /SS enabled.
Fig. 13 SPI Mode with /SS Disable
Fig. 14 SPI Mode with /SS Enable
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 25
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
4.5.6
Software Application of SPI
Example for SPI:
For Master
ORG 0X0
SETTING:
CLRA
IOW 0X05
;Set Port5 output
IOW 0X06
;Set Port6 output
MOV 0X05,A
MOV A,@0B11001111;Set prescaler for WDT
CONTW
MOV A,@0B00010001;Disable wakeup function
IOW 0X0E
MOV A,@0B00000000;Disable interrupt
IOW 0X0F
MOV A,@0x07
;SDI input and SDO, SCK output
IOW 0x09
MOV A,@0B10000000;Clear RBF and RBFIF flag
MOV 0x0C,A
MOV A,@0B11100000;Select clock edge and enable SPI
MOV 0X0D,A
START:
WDTC
BC 0X0C,1
;Clear RBFIF flag
MOV A,@0XFF
MOV 0X05,A
;Show a signal at Port5
MOV 0X0A,A
;Move FF at read buffer
MOV A,@0XAA
;Move AA at write buffer
MOV 0X0B,A
BS 0X0D,4
26 •
;Start to shift SPI data
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
NOP
JBC 0X0D,4
;Polling loop for checking SPI transmission completed
JMP $-2
BC 0X03,2
CALL DELAY
;To catch the data from slaver
MOV A,0X0A
XOR A,@0X5A
;Compare the data from slaver
JBS 0X03,2
JMP START
FLAG:
MOV A,@0X55
;Show the signal when receiving correct data from slaver
MOV 0X05,A
CALL DELAY
JMP START
DELAY:
; (User’s program)
EOP
ORG 0XFFF
JMP SETTING
For Slaver
ORG 0X0
INITI:
JMP INIT
ORG 0X2
INTERRUPT:
;Interrupt address
MOV A,@0X55
MOV 0X06,A
;Show a signal at Port 6 when entering interrupt
MOV A,@0B11100110;Enable SPI, /SS disabled
MOV 0X0D,A
BS 0X0D,4
;Keep SSE at 1 to wait for SCK signal in order to shift data
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 27
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
MOV A,@0X00
as 00
;Move 00 to write buffer in order to keep master’s read buffer
MOV 0X0B,A
BS 0X0D,4
;Keep SSE at 1 to wait for SCK signal in order to shift data
NOP
JBC 0X0D,4
;Polling loop for checking SPI transmission completed
JMP $-2
BS 0X0D,4
;Keep SSE at 1 to wait for SCK signal in order to shift data
BC 0X03,2
MOV A,0X0A
MOV 0X06,A
;Read master’s data from read buffer
XOR A,@0XAA
;Check pass signal from read buffer
JBS 0X03,2
JMP $-6
JMP SPI
ORG 0X30
INIT:
CLRA
IOW 0X05
IOW 0X06
MOV 0x05,A
MOV 0X06,A
MOV A,@0XFF
IOW 0X08
MOV A,@0B11001111;Set prescaler for WDT
CONTW
MOV A,@0B00010001;Disable wake-up function
IOW 0X0E
MOV A,@0B00000010;Enable external interrupt
IOW 0XF
ENI
28 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
MOV A,@0B00110111
IOW 0x09
BC 0X3F,1
;Clear RBFIF flag
NOP
JBS 0X3F,1
;Polling loop for checking interrupt occurrences
JMP $-2
JMP INTERRUPT
SPI:
BS 0X0D,4
;Keep SSE enabled as long as possible
WDTC
MOV A,@0X0F
;Show a signal when entering SPI loop
MOV 0X06,A
JBC 0X08,1
;Choose P81 as a signal button
JMP SPI
MOV A,@0X5A
;Move 5A into write buffer when P81 button is pushed
MOV 0X0B,A
NOP
JBC 0X0D,4
;Polling loop for checking SPI transmission completed
JMP $-2
BS 0XD,4
NOP
NOP
MOV A,@0XF0
;Display at Port6 when P81 button is pushed
MOV 0X06,A
MOV A,@0X00
;Send a signal to master to prevent infinite loop
MOV 0X0B,A
NOP
JBC 0X0D,4
JMP $-2
BS 0X0D,4
BS 0x0C,7
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 29
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
BC 0x0C,1
NOP
JMP SPI
DELAY:
; (User’s program)
EOP
ORG 0XFFF
JMP INITI
4.6 Timer 1
4.6.1
Overview
Timer1(TMR1) is an eight-bit clock counter with a programmable prescaler. It is
designed for the SPI module as a baud rate clock generator. TMR1 can be read,
written, and cleared on any reset conditions. If employed, it can be turned down for
power saving by setting TMR1EN bit [T1CON<2>] to 0.
4.6.2
Function description
Fig. 15 shows TIMER1 block diagram. Each signal and block is described as follows:
Fig. 15 TIMER1 Block Diagram
OSC/4: Input clock.
Prescaler: Option of 1:1, 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16 defined by T1P1 and T1P02(T1CON<1,
0>). It is cleared when a value is written to TMR1 or T1CON, and during any kind of
reset as well.
PWP: Pulse width preset register; the desired width of baud clock is written in
advance.
TMR1: Timer 1 register; TMR1 increases until it matches with PWP, and then
resets to 0. If it is chosen optionally in the SPI mode, its output is fed as a shifting
clock.
30 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Comparator: To change the output status while a match occurs. The TMR1IF flag
will be set at the same time.
4.6.3
Programmed the related registers
The related registers for defining TMR1 are shown in Table 4 and Table 5
Table 4 Related Control Registers of the TMR1
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
0x0C
SPIS/RC
0
0
0
TM1IF
0x0F
INTC/IOCF
0
0
0
0
Bit 3
Bit 0
OD3
OD4
RBFIF
RBF
TM1IE
SPIIE
EXIE
TCIE
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Table 5 Related Status/Data Registers of TMR1
Address
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
0X0E
TMR1/RE
TMR17 TMR16 TMR15 TMR14 TMR13 TMR12 TMR11 TMR10
0x0F
PWP/RF
PWP7
PWP6
PWP5
PWP4
PWP3
PWP2
PWP1 PWP0
0x0C
T1CON/IOCC
0
0
0
0
0
TM1E
TM1P1 TM1P0
TMR1: Timer1 Register
TMR17~TMR10 is bit set of Timer1 register and it increases until the value
matches the PWP and then it resets to 0.
PWP: Pulse Width Preset Register
PWP7~PWP0 is bit set of pulse width preset for the desire width of baud clock
in advance.
T1CON: Timer1 Control Register
TM1E (bit2): Timer1 enable bit
TM1P1 and TM1P0 (bit1~0): Timer1 prescaler for FSCO
TM1P1
TM1P0
Prescaler Rate
0
0
1:1
0
1
1:4
1
0
1:8
1
1
1:16
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 31
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
4.7 RESET and Wake-up
A RESET is initiated by:
(1) Power on reset, or
(2) WDT timeout. (if enabled)
VDD
D
Oscillator
Q
CLK
CLK
CLR
Pow eron Reset
Voltage
Detector
W DTE
Setup
Tim e
W DT tim eout
W DT
Reset
Fig. 16 Block Diagram of Reset
The POR voltage of EM78451 ranges between 1.2V~1.8V. Under customer
application, when power is OFF, Vdd must drop below 1.2V and remains OFF for 10us
before power can be switched ON again. This way, the EM78451 will reset and work
normally. The extra external reset circuit will work well if Vdd can rise at a very fast
speed (50 ms or less). However, under most cases where critical applications are
involved, extra devices are required to assist in solving the power-up problems.
The device is kept in a RESET condition for a period of approximately 18ms2 (one
oscillator start-up timer period) after the reset is detected. Fig.16 shows the block
diagram of reset. Once the RESET occurs, the following functions are performed:
The oscillator is running or it will be started.
The Program Counter (R2) is set to all "1".
When power is switched on, bits 5~6 of R3 and the upper 2 bits of R4 are cleared.
All I/O port pins are configured as input mode (high-impedance state).
The Watchdog timer and prescaler are cleared.
The Watchdog timer is enabled if Code Option bit ENWDT is "1".
The CONT register is set to all "1" except bit 6 (INT flag).
2 NOTE: Vdd = 5V, set up time period = 16.2ms ± 5%
Vdd = 3V, set up time period = 18.0ms ± 5%
32 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Bits 3,6 of IOCE register are cleared, bits 0,4~5 of IOCE register are set to "1".
Bits 0 of R3F and bits 0 of IOCF registers are cleared.
The sleep mode (power down) is achieved by executing the SLEP instruction (named
as SLEEP1 MODE). While entering sleep mode, the WDT (if enabled) is cleared but
keeps on running. The controller is awakened by WDT timeout (if enabled), and it will
cause the controller to reset. The T and P flags of R3 are used to determine the source
of the reset (wake-up).
In addition to the basic SLEEP1 MODE, EM78451 has another sleep mode (caused by
clearing "SLPC" bit of IOCE register, designated as SLEEP2 MODE). In the SLEEP2
MODE, the controller can be awakened by:
(a) Any one of the wake-up pins is set to “0” (refer to Fig.17). Upon waking, the
controller will continue to execute the program in-line. In this case, before entering
SLEEP2 MODE, the wake-up function of the trigger sources (P60~P67, P74~P75,
and P90~P91) should be selected (e.g. input pin) and enabled (e.g. pull-high,
wake-up control). One caution should be noted is that after waking up, the WDT is
enabled if Code Option bit ENWDT is "1". The WDT operation (to be enabled or
disabled) should be appropriately controlled by software after waking up.
(b) WDT time-out (if enabled). During wake-up, it will cause the controller to reset.
Table 6 The Summary of the Initialized Values for Registers
Address
Name
N/A
IOC5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
IOC6
IOC7
IOC8
IOC9
Reset Type
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Bit Name
C57
C56
C55
C54
C53
C52
C51
C50
Power-On
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/RESET and WDT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
C67
C66
C65
C64
C63
C62
C61
C60
Power-On
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/RESET and WDT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
C77
C76
C75
C74
C73
C72
C71
C70
Power-On
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/RESET and WDT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
C87
C86
C85
C84
C83
C82
C81
C80
Power-On
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/RESET and WDT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
C97
C96
C95
C94
C93
C92
C91
C90
Power-On
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 33
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Address
N/A
0x00
0x01
0x02
0x03
Name
CONT
R0(IAR)
R1(TCC)
R2(PC)
R3(SR)
Reset Type
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
/RESET and WDT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
/PHEN
/INT
-
-
PAB
Power-On
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
/RESET and WDT
1
P
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Power-On
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
/RESET and WDT
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Power-On
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
/RESET and WDT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Power-On
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/RESET and WDT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
**P
**P
**P
**P
**P
**P
**P
**P
Bit Name
GP
PS1
PS0
T
P
Z
DC
C
Power-On
0
0
0
t
t
U
U
U
/RESET and WDT
0
0
0
t
t
P
P
P
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
t
t
P
P
P
-
-
-
-
-
-
Bit Name
0x04
0x05
0x06
R4(RSR)
R5(P5)
R6(P6)
RSR.1 RSR.0
Power-On
0
0
U
U
U
U
U
U
/RESET and WDT
0
0
P
P
P
P
P
P
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
P57
P56
P55
P54
P53
P52
P51
P50
Power-On
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
/RESET and WDT
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
P67
P66
P65
P64
P63
P62
P61
P60
Power-On
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
/RESET and WDT
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P77
P76
P75
P74
P73
P72
P71
P70
Bit Name
34 •
PSR2 PSR1 PSR0
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Address
Name
0x07
R7(P7)
0x08
0x09
0x0A
R8(P8)
R9(P9)
RA(SPIRB
)
Reset Type
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Power-On
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
/RESET and WDT
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
P87
P86
P85
P84
P83
P82
P81
P80
Power-On
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
/RESET and WDT
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
P97
P96
P95
P94
P93
P92
P91
P90
Power-On
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
/RESET and WDT
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
SRB7
SRB6
Power-On
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
/RESET and WDT
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
0x0B
RB(SPIW
B)
0x0D
RC(SPIS)
RD(SPIC)
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
/RESET and WDT
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
IBDC
TIIF
OD3
RE(TMR1)
RF(PWP)
OD4 RBFIF RBF
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
/RESET and WDT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
CES
SPIE
Power-On
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
/RESET and WDT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
SRO SPISE
-
SBRS SBRS SBRS
2
1
0
TMR1
TMR1 TMR1 TMR1 TMR1 TMR1 TMR1
TMR16
7
5
4
3
2
1
0
Power-On
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
/RESET and WDT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
0x0F
ENSD
OBDC
O
Power-On
Bit Name
0x0E
SWB7 SWB6 SWB5 SWB4 SWB3 SWB2 SWB1 SWB0
Power-On
Bit Name
0x0C
SRB5 SRB4 SRB3 SRB2 SRB1 SRB0
Power-On
PWP7 PWP6 PWP5 PWP4 PWP3 PWP2 PWP1 PWP0
1
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
• 35
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Address
0x3F
0x0C
0x0D
0x0E
0x0F
0x10~0x3
E
Name
R3F(ISR)
IOCC
IOCD
IOCE
IOCF
GPR
Reset Type
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
/RESET and WDT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
-
-
-
-
T1IF
SPIIF
EXIF
TCIF
Power-On
U
U
U
U
0
0
0
0
/RESET and WDT
U
U
U
U
0
0
0
0
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
-
-
-
-
-
T1E
T1P1
T1P0
Power-On
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
/RESET and WDT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
S7
-
-
-
/PU9
/PU8
/PU6
/PU5
Power-On
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/RESET and WDT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
-
ODE
ROC
-
-
/WUE
Power-On
U
0
1
1
0
U
U
1
/RESET and WDT
U
0
1
1
0
U
U
1
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
U
P
1
1
P
U
U
P
WTE SLPC
Bit Name
-
-
-
-
T1IE
SPIIE
EXIE
TCIE
Power-On
U
U
U
U
0
0
0
0
/RESET and WDT
U
U
U
U
0
0
0
0
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
Bit Name
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Power-On
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
/RESET and WDT
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Wake-Up from Pin
Change
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
** To execute the next instruction after the ”SLPC” bit status of IOCE register being on
high-to-low transition.
X: Not used. U: Unknown or don’t care. P: Previous value before reset.
Table 7
36 •
t: Check
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
The Status of RST, T, and P of STATUS Register
A RESET condition is initiated by the following events:
1. A power-on condition.
2. Watchdog timer time-out.
The values of T and P, listed in Table 7 are used to check how the processor wakes up.
Table 8 shows the events that may affect the status of T and P.
Table 7 The Values of RST, T and P After RESET
Reset Type
T
P
Power on
1
1
WDT during Operating mode
0
P
WDT wake-up during SLEEP1 mode
0
0
WDT wake-up during SLEEP2 mode
0
P
Wake-Up on pin change during SLEEP2 mode
P
P
T
P
*P: Previous status before reset
Table 8 The Status of RST, T and P Being Affected by Events
Event
Power on
1
1
WDTC instruction
1
1
WDT time-out
0
*P
SLEP instruction
1
0
Wake-Up on pin change during SLEEP2 mode
P
P
*P: Previous value before reset
4.8 Interrupt
The EM78451 has the following interrupts.
1. TCC overflow interrupt
2. External interrupt (/INT)
3. (SPI) Serial Peripheral Interface. Transmission completed interrupt.
4. Timer1 comparator completed interrupt.
R3F is the interrupt status register, which records the interrupt request in flag bit. IOCF
is the interrupt mask register. Global interrupt is enabled by ENI instruction and is
disabled by DISI instruction. When one of the interrupts (if enabled) is generated, it will
cause the next instruction to be fetched from address 001H. Once in the interrupt
service routine the source of the interrupt can be determined by polling the flag bits in
the R3F register. The interrupt flag bit must be cleared by software before leaving the
interrupt service routine and enabling interrupts to avoid recursive interrupts.
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 37
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
The flag in the Interrupt Status Register (R3F) is set regardless of the status of its mask
bit or the execution of ENI instruction. Note that reading R3F will obtain the output of
logic AND of R3F and IOCF (refer to Fig. 17). The RETI instruction will exit interrupt
routine and enables the global interrupt (execution of ENI instruction).
When an interrupt is generated by INT instruction (if enabled), it causes the next
instruction to be fetched from address 002H.
IRQn
P Q
R
CLK C
L Q
D
/IRQn
interrupt
IRQm
RFRD
R3F
ENI/DISI
P
D
R
C CLK
Q L
IOD
Q
IOCFW R
IOCF
RESET
IOCF RD
RFW R
Fig. 17 Interrupt input circuit
4.9 Oscillator
4.9.1 Oscillator Modes
The EM78451 can operate in four different oscillator modes. There are high XTAL
(HXT) oscillator mode, low XTAL (LXT) oscillator mode, External RC oscillator mode
(ERC), and Internal C、External R oscillator mode. User can select one of them by
programming MS, RCT, IRC, HLF and HLP in the Code Option Register. Table 9
depicts how these three modes are defined.
Table 9 Oscillator Modes by MS, RCT.
Mode
38 •
MS
RCT
HLF
High XTAL Oscillator
1
X
1
Low XTAL Oscillator
1
X
0
External RC Oscillator
0
1
X
External R and Internal C Oscillator
0
0
X
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
NOTE
X: Don’t care
4.9.2 Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic Resonators (XTAL)
EM78451 can be driven by an external clock signal through the OSCI pin as shown in
Fig 18. In most applications, pin OSCI and pin OSCO is connected with a crystal or
ceramic resonator to generate oscillation. Fig 19 depicts such circuit. Table 10
provides the recommends values of C1 and C2. Since each resonator has its own
attribute, user should refer to its specification for appropriate values of C1 and C2. RS,
a serial resistor may be necessary for AT strip cut crystal or low frequency mode.
OSCI
Ext. Clock
OSCO
EM 78451
Fig. 18 Circuit for External Clock Input
C1
OSCI
EM 78451
XTAL
OSCO
RS
C2
Fig. 19 Circuit for Crystal/Resonator
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 39
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Table 10 Capacitor Selection Guide for Crystal Oscillator Ceramic Resonators
Oscillator Type Frequency Mode
Ceramic
Resonator
HXT
LXT
Crystal Oscillator
HXT
Frequency
C1 (pF)
C2 (pF)
455 KHz
1.0 MHz
2.0 MHz
4.0 MHz
32.768 KHz
100 KHz
200 KHz
455 KHz
1.0 MHz
2.0 MHz
4.0 MHz
10~150
40~80
20~40
10~30
25
25
25
20~40
15~30
15
15
10~150
40~80
20~40
10~30
15
25
25
20~150
15~30
15
15
330
330
C
OSCI
7404
7404
7404
EM 78451
XTAL
Fig. 20 Circuit for Crystal/Resonator-Series Mode
4.7K
10K
VDD
OSCI
7404
7404
EM 78451
10K
XTAL
C1
C2
Fig. 21 Circuit for Crystal/Resonator-Parallel Mode
4.9.3 RC Oscillator Mode
For some applications that do not need a very precise timing calculation, the RC
oscillator (Fig. 22 & Fig. 23) offers cost-effective savings. Nevertheless, it should be
noted that the frequency of the RC oscillator is influenced by the supply voltage, the
values of the resistor (Rext), the capacitor (Cext), and even by the operation
temperature. Moreover, the frequency also changes slightly from one chip to another
due to the manufacturing process variation.
40 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
In order to maintain a stable system frequency, the values of the Cext should not be
less than 20pF, and that the value of Rext should not be greater than 1 M ohm. If they
cannot be kept in this range, the frequency is easily affected by noise, humidity, and
leakage.
The smaller the Rext in the RC oscillator, the faster its frequency will be. On the
contrary, for very low Rext values, for instance, 1 KΩ, the oscillator becomes unstable
because the NMOS cannot properly discharge the current of the capacitor.
Based on the above reasons, it must be kept in mind that all of the supply voltage, the
operation temperature, the components of the RC oscillator, the package types, and
the way the PCB is layout, will affect the system frequency.
VCC
Rext
OSCI
EM 78451
Cext
Fig. 22 Circuit for External RC Oscillator Mode
V C C
R e x t
OSCI
EM 78451
Fig. 23 Circuit for External R, Internal C Oscillator Mode
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 41
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Calibrate frequency of External RC oscillator (For reference only)
C ext
20pF
100pF
300pF
R ext
Fosc @5.0V,25℃
3.3K
5.1K
10K
100K
3.3K
5.1K
10K
100K
3.3K
5.1K
10K
100K
3.4MHz
2.2MHz
1.3MHz
144KHz
1.39MHz
935KHz
500KHz
54.5KHz
740KHz
490KHz
255KHz
28KHz
Internal C, external R Table (For reference only)
External R (Ohm)
Fosc @5.0V, 25℃ (Hz)
10K
12M
15K
7.7M
20K
5.7M
30K
3.65M
51K
2.24M
100K
1.14M
150K
749K
200K
559K
510K
214K
2M
56K
3.3M
32.8K
4.10 Code Option Register
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
ENWDT
MS
HLF
-
RCT
DEL1
DEL0
Bit 0 (ENWDT): Watchdog Timer control.
1: Enable
0: Disable
Bit 1 (MS): Oscillator type.
1: XTAL type
0: RC type
42 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Bit 2 (HLF): Frequency mode.
1: High frequency (>32.768KHz)
0: Low frequency (=32.768KHz)
Bit 3 : Reserved.
The bit0 set to ”1” all the time
Bit 4 (RCT): RC type.
1: External RC
0: Internal RC
Bit 5 (DEL1) and Bit 6 (DEL0): Speed of SPI.
DEL 1
DEL 0
Speed (MHz)
Delay time (ns)
Use Type
0
0
8
0 ns
Not use SPI mode
0
1
2.5
50 ns
1
0
1
1
1
100 ns
Not use
Not use
*Do not set DEL1 and DEL0 bits to all “1”, otherwise, the microprocessor will not work.
The test code of EM78451
The following program must be added in order to heighten the liability of the mass
production. The test code must not be executed during free running.
Address
Code
Statement
FFA
0006
IOW 0x06
FFB
0546
INC 0x06
FFC
01C6
DEC 0x06
FFD
01C5
DEC 0x05
FFE
0000
NOP
4.11 Instruction Set
Each instruction in the instruction set is a 13-bit word divided into an OP code and one
or more operands. All instructions are executed within one single instruction cycle
(consisting of 2 oscillator periods), unless the program counter is changed by:
(a) Executing the instruction "MOV R2,A", "ADD R2,A", "TBL", or any other instructions
that write to R2 (e.g. "SUB R2,A", "BS R2,6", "CLR R2", ⋅⋅⋅⋅).
(b) Executing CALL, RET, RETI, RETL, JMP, Conditional skip (JBS, JBC, JZ, JZA,
DJZ, DJZA) which were tested to be true.
Under these cases, the execution takes two instruction cycles.
In addition, the instruction set has the following features:
(1). Every bit of any register can be set, cleared, or tested directly.
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 43
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
(2). The I/O register can be regarded as general register. That is, the same instruction
can operate on I/O register.
The symbol "R" represents a register designator that specifies which one of the
registers (including operational registers and general purpose registers) is to be utilized
by the instruction. Bits 6 and 7 in R4 determine the selected register bank. "b"
represents a bit field designator that selects the value for the bit, located in the register
"R" and affects by the operation. "k" represents an 8 or 10-bit constant or literal value.
INSTRUCTION BINARY
HEX
MNEMONIC
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
rrrr
0000
0001
0010
0000
0001
0002
0003
0004
000r
0010
0011
0012
NOP
DAA
CONTW
SLEP
WDTC
IOW R
ENI
DISI
RET
0 0000 0001 0011
0013
RETI
0 0000 0001 0100
0 0000 0001 rrrr
0014
001r
CONTR
IOR R
0 0000 0010 0000
0020
TBL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00rr
0080
00rr
01rr
01rr
01rr
01rr
02rr
02rr
02rr
02rr
03rr
03rr
03rr
03rr
04rr
04rr
04rr
04rr
05rr
05rr
05rr
05rr
MOV R,A
CLRA
CLR R
SUB A,R
SUB R,A
DECA R
DEC R
OR A,R
OR R,A
AND A,R
AND R,A
XOR A,R
XOR R,A
ADD A,R
ADD R,A
MOV A,R
MOV R,R
COMA R
COM R
INCA R
INC R
DJZA R
DJZ R
0 0110 00rr rrrr
06rr
RRCA R
0 0110 01rr rrrr
06rr
RRC R
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
44 •
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0001
0001
0001
0001
0010
0010
0010
0010
0011
0011
0011
0011
0100
0100
0100
0100
0101
0101
0101
0101
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0001
0001
0001
01rr
1000
11rr
00rr
01rr
10rr
11rr
00rr
01rr
10rr
11rr
00rr
01rr
10rr
11rr
00rr
01rr
10rr
11rr
00rr
01rr
10rr
11rr
rrrr
0000
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
OPERATION
No Operation
Decimal Adjust A
A → CONT
0 → WDT, Stop oscillator
0 → WDT
A → IOCR
Enable Interrupt
Disable Interrupt
[Top of Stack] → PC
[Top of Stack] → PC,
Enable Interrupt
CONT → A
IOCR → A
R2+A → R2,
Bits 8~9 of R2 unchanged
A→R
0→A
0→R
R-A → A
R-A → R
R-1 → A
R-1 → R
A ∨ VR → A
A ∨ VR → R
A&R→A
A&R→R
A⊕R→A
A⊕R→R
A+R→A
A+R→R
R→A
R→R
/R → A
/R → R
R+1 → A
R+1 → R
R-1 → A, skip if zero
R-1 → R, skip if zero
R(n) → A(n-1),
R(0) → C, C → A(7)
R(n) → R(n-1),
STATUS AFFECTED
None
C
None
T,P
T,P
None <Note1>
None
None
None
None
None
None <Note1>
Z,C,DC
None
Z
Z
Z,C,DC
Z,C,DC
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z,C,DC
Z,C,DC
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
None
None
C
C
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
INSTRUCTION BINARY
HEX
MNEMONIC
0 0110 10rr rrrr
06rr
RLCA R
0 0110 11rr rrrr
06rr
RLC R
0 0111 00rr rrrr
07rr
SWAPA R
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
07rr
07rr
07rr
0xxx
0xxx
0xxx
0xxx
SWAP R
JZA R
JZ R
BC R,b
BS R,b
JBC R,b
JBS R,b
1 00kk kkkk kkkk
1kkk
CALL k
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1kkk
18kk
19kk
1Akk
1Bkk
1Ckk
1Dkk
1E02
1Fkk
JMP k
MOV A,k
OR A,k
AND A,k
XOR A,k
RETL k
SUB A,k
INT
ADD A,k
0111
0111
0111
100b
101b
110b
111b
01kk
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
01rr
10rr
11rr
bbrr
bbrr
bbrr
bbrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
rrrr
kkkk kkkk
kkkk kkkk
kkkk kkkk
kkkk kkkk
kkkk kkkk
kkkk kkkk
kkkk kkkk
0000 0010
kkkk kkkk
OPERATION
R(0) → C, C → R(7)
R(n) → A(n+1),
R(7) → C, C → A(0)
R(n) → R(n+1),
R(7) → C, C → R(0)
R(0-3) → A(4-7),
R(4-7) → A(0-3)
R(0-3) ↔ R(4-7)
R+1 → A, skip if zero
R+1 → R, skip if zero
0 → R(b)
1 → R(b)
if R(b)=0, skip
if R(b)=1, skip
PC+1 → [SP],
(Page, k) → PC
(Page, k) → PC
k→A
A∨k→A
A&k→A
A⊕k→A
k → A, [Top of Stack] → PC
k-A → A
PC+1 → [SP], 002H → PC
k+A → A
STATUS AFFECTED
C
C
None
None
None
None
None <Note2>
None <Note3>
None
None
None
None
None
Z
Z
Z
None
Z,C,DC
None
Z,C,DC
NOTE
This instruction is applicable to IOC5 ~ IOC9, IOCD~IOCF only.
This instruction is not recommended for RF operation.
This instruction cannot operate on R3F.
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 45
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
4.12 Timing Diagrams
AC Test Input/Output W aveform
2.4
2.0
0.8
TEST POINTS
2.0
0.8
0.4
AC Testing : Input is driven at 2.4V for logic "1",and 0.4V for logic "0".Timing measurements are
made at 2.0V for logic "1",and 0.8V for logic "0".
RESET Timing (CLK="0")
NOP
Instruction 1
Executed
CLK
/RESET
Tdrh
TCC Input Timing (CLKS="0")
Tins
CLK
TCC
Ttcc
46 •
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
5
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING
Items
Rating
Temperature under bias
0°C
to
70°C
Storage temperature
-65°C
to
150°C
Input voltage
-0.3V
to
+6.0V
Output voltage
-0.3V
to
+6.0V
DC
to
20MHz
Operating Frequency (2clk)
6
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
6.1 DC Characteristic
(Ta=0°C~70°C, VDD=5V±5%, VSS=0V)
Symbol
Parameter
Condition
XTAL VDD to 2.3V
FXT
FRC
DC
8
XTAL VDD to 5V
DC
20
RC VDD to 2.3V
DC
4
DC
4
DC
4
XTAL VDD to 3V
RC VDD to 3V
Input Leakage Current
Input High Voltage VDD=5V)
VIL1
Input Low Voltage (VDD=5V)
VILX1
Clock Input High Voltage
(VDD=5V
Clock Input Low Voltage
(VDD=5V
VIH2
Input High Voltage(VDD=3V)
VIL2
Input Low Voltage (VDD=3V)
VIHX2
VILX2
VOH1
VOH2
VOH3
Max
4
VIH1
VIHX1
Typ
DC
Two clocks
Two clocks
RC VDD to 5V
IIL
Min
Clock Input High Voltage
(VDD=3V)
Clock Input Low Voltage
(VDD=3V)
Output High Voltage
(Ports 5,6,8, P74~P77,
P90~P92,P95~P97,and
PF5~PF7)
±1
VIN = VDD, VSS
2.0
2.5
1.0
1.5
1.5
S7=1(IOCD Register bit7),
IOH = -7.0mA
S7=0(IOCD Register bit7),
IOH = -7.0mA
Output High Voltage
(P93/SDO,P94/SCK)
IOH = -5.0mA
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
0.6
2.4
2
V
V
V
V
OSCI
Output High Voltage
(P70~P72)
µA
V
0.4
IOH = -8.0mA
MHz
V
OSCI
OSCI
MHz
V
0.8
OSCI
Unit
V
V
2.4
V
2.4
2.4
V
• 47
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
Symbol
Parameter
Condition
Min
VOL1
Output Low Voltage
(Ports 5,6,8, P74~P77,
P90~P92,P95~P97,and
PF5~PF7))
IOL = 5.0mA
VOL2
Output Low Voltage
(P70~P72)
S7=1(IOCD Register bit7),
IOH = 10.0mA
S7=0(IOCD Register bit7),
IOH = 10.0mA
Output Low Voltage
(P93/SDO, P94/SCK)
Output Low Voltage
(P74~P77)
VOL3
VOL4
0.4
V
0.8
0.4
IOL = 15.0mA
0.4
IPH2
Pull-high current
(P74,P75)
Pull-high active, input pin at VSS
Operating supply current
0.4
IOL = 7.0mA
Pull-high active, input pin at VSS
ICC
Unit
V
Pull-high current
Power down current
Max
0.4
IPH
ISB
Typ
-50
-100
-240
1
All input and I/O pin at VDD, output
pin floating, WDT enabled
/RESET="High",
Fosc=1.84324MHz (CK2="0"),
output pin floating
V
µA
mA
10
µA
3
mA
6.2 AC Characteristic
(Ta=0°C~70°C, VDD=5V±5%, VSS=0V)
Symbol
Dclk
Tins
Ttcc
Twdt
Tdrh
Parameter
Input CLK duty cycle
Instruction cycle time
(CK2="0")
TCC input period
Watchdog timer period
Device reset hold period
Conditions
RC Type
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
45
50
55
%
DC
ns
500
(Tins+20)/N*
Ta=25°C
Ta=25°C
18
183
ns
ms
ms
N= selected prescaler ratio.
3
48 •
NOTE: Vdd = 5V, set up time period = 16.2ms ± 5%
Vdd = 3V, set up time period = 18.0ms ± 5%
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
7
APPLICATION CIRCUIT
EM78451
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)
• 49
EM78451
8-Bit Microcontroller
APPENDIX
A Package Types:
OTP MCU
50 •
Package Type
Pin Count
Package Size
EM78451AP
DIP
40
600 mil
EM78451AQ
QFP
44
Product Specification (V1.2) 05.27.2004
(This specification is subject to change without further notice)