HOLTEK HT82K70E-L_11

HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
I/O Type 8-Bit MCU
Technical Document
· Application Note
- HA0075E MCU Reset and Oscillator Circuits Application Note
Features
· Operating voltage: 1.8V~5.5V
· Crystal and RC oscillator
· 43 bidirectional I/O lines
· 8-level subroutine nesting
· Program Memory:
· Bit manipulation instruction
· Low voltage detector
4K´16 -- HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L
8K´16 -- HT82K76E-L
· Table read instructions
· 216´8 Data RAM
· 63 powerful instructions
· One external interrupt input shared with I/O lines
· All instructions executed in one or two machine
· Two 16-bit programmable Timer/Event Counters
cycles
· Integrated SPI interface (Max. 8Mb/s)
with overflow interrupt
· Watchdog Timer function
· Some pins with CMOS and NMOS outputs
· Power down and wake-up functions to reduce power
· 28/48-pin SSOP, 32-pin QFN and
consumption
48-pin LQFP packages
General Description
The device is an 8-bit high performance, RISC architecture microcontroller devices specifically designed for
multiple I/O control product applications. The low voltage operating requirements of these devices opens up
new application possibilities.
The advantages of low power consumption, I/O flexibility, timer functions, oscillator options, Power-down
wake-up functions, Watchdog timer, motor driving, industrial control, consumer products, subsystem controllers, etc.
Selection Table
Part No.
Program
Memory
HT82K70E-L
HT82K70A-L
4K´16
HT82K76E-L
8K´16
Rev. 1.20
Data
Memory
I/O
16-bit
Timer
LVD for
Battery-in
SPI
Stack
Package
216´8
43
2
Ö
Ö
8
28/48SSOP
32QFN, 48LQFP
1
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Block Diagram
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
W a tc h d o g
T im e r
D a ta
M e m o ry
W a tc h d o g
T im e r O s c illa to r
S ta c k
R e s e t
C ir c u it
8 - b it
R IS C
M C U
C o re
L o w
V o lta g e
D e te c t
S P I
In te rfa c e
1 6 - b it
T im e r x 2
I/O
P o rts
In te rru p t
C o n tr o lle r
R C /C ry s ta l
O s c illa to r
Pin Assignment
1
4 8
P B 6
P B 4
2
4 7
P B 7
P A 3 /T M R 1
3
4 6
P A 4 /S C S
P A 2 /T M R 0
4
4 5
P A 5 /S C K
P A 1 /Z 2
5
4 4
P A 6 /S D I
P A 0 /Z 1
6
4 3
P A 7 /S D O
P B 3
7
4 2
P F 2
P B 2
8
4 1
P F 7
P B 1 /V 2
9
4 0
P E 6
P F 1
1 1
3 8
O S C 2
P B 4
2
2 7
P B 7
P F 0
1 2
3 7
O S C 1
P A 3 /T M R 1
3
2 6
P A 4 /S C S
P D 7
1 3
3 6
V D D
P A 2 /T M R 0
4
2 5
P A 5 /S C K
P D 6
1 4
3 5
R E S
P A 1 /Z 2
5
2 4
P A 6 /S D I
P D 5
1 5
3 4
P E 4 /B A T
P A 0 /Z 1
6
2 3
P A 7 /S D O
P D 4
1 6
3 3
P D 3
P B 3
7
2 2
O S C 2
V S S
1 7
3 2
P D 2
P B 2
8
2 1
O S C 1
P E 2
1 8
3 1
P D 1
P B 1 /V 2
9
2 0
V D D
P E 3
1 9
3 0
P D 0
P B 0 /V 1
1 0
1 9
R E S
P C 0
2 0
2 9
P C 7
V S S
1 1
1 8
P E 4 /B A T
P C 1
2 1
2 8
P C 6
P E 2
1 2
1 7
P C 6
P C 2 /IN T
2 2
2 7
P C 5
P E 3
1 3
1 6
P C 5
P E 0
2 3
2 6
P C 4
1 5
P C 4
P C 2 /IN T
1 4
H T
H T
H T
2 8
8 2
8 2
8 2
S
K 7
K 7
K 7
S O
0 E
0 A
6 E
P A
-L
-L
-L
P E 1
H T
H T
H T
4 8
P C 3
2 5
2 4
8 2
8 2
8 2
S
K 7
K 7
K 7
S O
0 E
0 A
6 E
P A
-L
-L
-L
2 4
3
2 3
H T
H T
H T
3
4
5
6
7
8
8 2 K 7 0
8 2 K 7 0
8 2 K 7 6
2 Q F N
2 2
E -L
A -L
E -L
-A
2 1
2 0
1 9
1 8
9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6
1 7
V S S
P D 4
P D 5
P B 0 /V 1
P B 1 /V 2
P B 2
P B 3
P A 0 /Z 1
/Z 2
/T M R 0
/T M R 1
P E 5
P B 6
2
/S C S
/S C K
/S D I
3 9
2 8
3 2 3 1 3 0 2 9 2 8 2 7 2 6 2 5
1
P A 1
P A 2
P A 3
P B 4
P B 5
P A 4
P A 5
P A 6
1 0
1
P D 0
P D 1
P E 4 /B A T
R E S
V D D
O S C 1
O S C 2
P A 7 /S D O
N C
P A 7 /S D O
P A 6 /S D I
P A 5 /S C K
P A 4 /S C S
P B 7
P B 6
P B 5
P B 4
P A 3 /T M R 1
P A 2 /T M R 0
P A 1 /Z 2
P B 0 /V 1
P B 5
P E 2
P E 3
P C 2 /IN T
P C 3
P C 4
P C 5
P C 6
P C 7
P B 5
P A 0 /Z
P B
P B
P B 1 /V
P B 0 /V
P D
P D
P D
P D
V S
P E
N
2
3
3
C
2
3 4
4
3 3
5
1
3 6
3 5
2
2
S
4 8 4 7 4 6 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 1 4 0 3 9 3 8 3 7
1
1
7
6
5
8
H T
H T
H T
4 8
6
7
4
9
8 2
8 2
8 2
L
K 7
K 7
K 7
Q F
0 E
0 A
6 E
P A
3 2
-L
-L
-L
3 1
3 0
2 9
2 8
1 0
2 7
1 1
1 2
2 6
1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4
2 5
P F 2
P F 7
P E 6
P E 5
O S C 2
O S C 1
V D D
R E S
P E 4 /B A T
P D 3
P D 2
P D 1
P D 0
P C 7
P C 6
P C 5
P C 4
P C 3
P E 1
P E 0
P C 2 /IN T
P C 1
P C 0
P E 3
Rev. 1.20
2
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Pin Description
Pin Name
PA0/Z1
PA1/Z2
PA2/TMR0
PA3/TMR1
PA4/SCS
PA5/SCK
PA6/SDI
PA7/SDO
PB0/V1
PB1/V2
PB2~PB7
PC0~PC1
PC2/INT
PC3~PC7
PD0~PD7
PE0~PE3
PE4/BAT
PE5~PE7
I/O
Options
Description
I/O
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each pin can be configured as a
wake-up input by a configuration option. Software instructions determine if
the pin is a CMOS output or input. Configuration options determine if the
pins have pull-high resistors. Configuration options determine whether the
CMOS or NMOS
pins are configured as CMOS or NMOS pins. Configuration options deterSchmitt trigger or mine whether the pins are configured with Schmitt trigger or non-Schmitt
non-Schmitt
trigger inputs. PA2 is shared with the external timer input pin TMR0. PA3 is
trigger
shared with the external timer input pin TMR1. PA0 and PA1 are shared
with the Z1 and Z2 pins. PA4~ PA7 are pins shared with SPI interface.
I/O
Wake-up
Pull-high
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each pin, PB0 and PB1 can be configured as wake-up inputs using configuration options. Two configuration options, one for pins PB2 and PB3 and one for pins PB4~PB7, can also setup
these pin groups as wake-up inputs. Software instructions determine if the
pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. Configuration options determine if each nibble, PB0~PB3 and PB4~PB7 have pull-high resistors. PB0
and PB1 are shared with the V1 and V2 pins.
Wake-up
Pull-high
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each nibble, PC0~PC3 and PC4~PC7,
can be configured as wake-up inputs by configuration options. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input.
Configuration options determine if each nibble, PC0~PC3 and PC4~PC7
have pull-high resistors. PC2 is pin shared with the external interrupt input.
Wake-up
Pull-high
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each nibble, PD0~PD3 and PD4~PD7,
can be configured as wake-up inputs by configuration options. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input.
Configuration options determine if each nibble, PD0~PD3 and PD4~PD7
have pull-high resistors.
Wake-up
Pull-high
I/O
I/O
I/O
Wake-up
Pull-high
PE4 IO or BAT
Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each nibble, PE0~PE3 and PE4~PE7,
can be configured as wake-up inputs by configuration options. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input.
Configuration options determine if each nibble, PE0~PE3 and PE4~PE7
have pull-high resistors. A configuration option determines if PE4 is an I/O
pin or a Battery input pin.
Bidirectional 3-bit input/output port. The pins, PF0~PF2 can be configured
together to be wake-up inputs using a configuration options. Software instructions determine if the pin is a CMOS output or Schmitt Trigger input. A
configuration option determine if the pins have pull-high resistors.
OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an external RC network or external crystal,
determined by configuration option, for the internal system clock. If the RC
system clock option is selected, pin OSC2 can be used to measure the system clock at 1/4 frequency.
PF0~PF2
I/O
Wake-up
Pull-high
OSC1
OSC2
I
O
Crystal or RC
RES
I
¾
Schmitt trigger reset input. Active low
VSS
¾
¾
Negative power supply, ground
VDD
¾
¾
Positive power supply
Note:
Each pin can be chosen via configuration option to have a wake-up function.
Rev. 1.20
3
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage ...........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V
Storage Temperature ............................-50°C to 125°C
Input Voltage..............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V
IOL Total ..............................................................150mA
Total Power Dissipation .....................................500mW
Operating Temperature...........................-40°C to 85°C
IOH Total............................................................-100mA
Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may
cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed
in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability.
D.C. Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
fSYS=4MHz
1.8
¾
5.5
V
fSYS=8MHz
3.3
¾
5.5
V
VDD
VDD
Operating Voltage (Crystal OSC)
¾
Conditions
IDD
Operating Current (Crystal OSC)
3V
No load, fSYS=6MHz
¾
1
2
mA
ISTB1
Standby Current
3V
No load, system HALT,
WDT Enabled
¾
¾
20
mA
ISTB2
Standby Current
3V
No load, system HALT,
WDT Disabled
¾
¾
5
mA
VIL1
Input Low Voltage for I/O, TMR
and INT
¾
¾
0
¾
0.3VDD
V
VIH1
Input High Voltage for I/O, TMR
and INT
¾
¾
0.7VDD
¾
VDD
V
VIL2
Input Low Voltage (RES)
¾
¾
0
¾
0.4VDD
V
Input High Voltage (RES)
¾
¾
0.9VDD
¾
VDD
V
3V
VOL=0.1VDD
4
¾
¾
mA
VOH=0.9VDD
-2.5
-4.5
¾
mA
10
30
50
kW
VIH2
IOL
I/O Port Sink Current
IOH
I/O Port Source Current
3V
RPH
Pull-high Resistance
3V
Rev. 1.20
¾
4
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
A.C. Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
1.8V~5.5V
400
¾
4000
kHz
3.3V~5.5V
400
¾
8000
kHz
VDD
fSYS
System Clock (Crystal OSC)
¾
Conditions
fRCSYS
Watchdog OSC with 6-stage
Prescaler Period
3V
¾
¾
71
¾
ms
fSPI
SPI Clock
¾
¾
fSYS/64
¾
fSYS
¾
tWDT
Watchdog Time-out Period
(WDT OSC)
3V
¾
4.57
¾
ms
tRES
External Reset Low Pulse Width
¾
¾
1
¾
¾
ms
tCONFIGURE
System Start-up Timer Period
¾
¾
¾
1024
¾
tRCSYS
tOST
Oscillation Start-up Timer Period
¾
¾
¾
512
¾
tSYS
Note:
WDTS=1
tSYS=1/fSYS
tRCSYS=1/fRCSYS
D.C. - A.C. Power-on Reset Characteristics
Ta=25°C
Test Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
¾
¾
¾
0.7
mA
VDD
Conditions
1.8V~
5.5V
IPOR
Operating Current
RSRPOR
VDD Rise Rate to Ensure
Power-on Reset
¾
Without 0.1mF between
VDD and VSS
0.05
¾
¾
V/ms
VPOR_MAX
Maximum VDD Start Voltage to
Ensure Power-on Reset
¾
Ta=25°C, Without 0.1mF
between VDD and VSS
0.9
¾
1.5
V
¾
Without 0.1mF between
VDD and VSS
2
¾
¾
ms
¾
With 0.1mF between
VDD and VSS
10
¾
¾
ms
tOPR
Rev. 1.20
Power-on Reset Low Pulse Width
5
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
System Architecture
A key factor in the high-performance features of the
Holtek range of microcontrollers is attributed to the internal system architecture. The range of devices take advantage of the usual features found within RISC
microcontrollers providing increased speed of operation
and enhanced performance. The pipelining scheme is
implemented in such a way that instruction fetching and
instruction execution are overlapped, hence instructions
are effectively executed in one cycle, with the exception
of branch or call instructions. An 8-bit wide ALU is used
in practically all operations of the instruction set. It carries out arithmetic operations, logic operations, rotation,
increment, decrement, branch decisions, etc. The internal data path is simplified by moving data through the
Accumulator and the ALU. Certain internal registers are
implemented in the Data Memory and can be directly or
indirectly addressed. The simple addressing methods of
these registers along with additional architectural features ensure that a minimum of external components is
required to provide a functional I/O control system with
maximum reliability and flexibility.
Program Counter is incremented at the beginning of the
T1 clock during which time a new instruction is fetched.
The remaining T2~T4 clocks carry out the decoding and
execution functions. In this way, one T1~T4 clock cycle
forms one instruction cycle. Although the fetching and
execution of instructions takes place in consecutive instruction cycles, the pipelining structure of the
microcontroller ensures that instructions are effectively
executed in one instruction cycle. The exception to this
are instructions where the contents of the Program
Counter are changed, such as subroutine calls or
jumps, in which case the instruction will take one more
instruction cycle to execute.
For instructions involving branches, such as jump or call
instructions, two machine cycles are required to complete instruction execution. An extra cycle is required as
the program takes one cycle to first obtain the actual
jump or call address and then another cycle to actually
execute the branch. The requirement for this extra cycle
should be taken into account by programmers in timing
sensitive applications
Clocking and Pipelining
The main system clock, derived from either a Crystal/Resonator or RC oscillator is subdivided into four internally generated non-overlapping clocks, T1~T4. The
O s c illa to r C lo c k
( S y s te m C lo c k )
P h a s e C lo c k T 1
P h a s e C lo c k T 2
P h a s e C lo c k T 3
P h a s e C lo c k T 4
P ro g ra m
C o u n te r
P ip e lin in g
P C
P C + 1
F e tc h In s t. (P C )
E x e c u te In s t. (P C -1 )
P C + 2
F e tc h In s t. (P C + 1 )
E x e c u te In s t. (P C )
F e tc h In s t. (P C + 2 )
E x e c u te In s t. (P C + 1 )
System Clocking and Pipelining
M O V A ,[1 2 H ]
2
C A L L D E L A Y
3
C P L [1 2 H ]
4
:
5
:
6
1
D E L A Y :
F e tc h In s t. 1
E x e c u te In s t. 1
F e tc h In s t. 2
E x e c u te In s t. 2
F e tc h In s t. 3
F lu s h P ip e lin e
F e tc h In s t. 6
E x e c u te In s t. 6
F e tc h In s t. 7
N O P
Instruction Fetching
Rev. 1.20
6
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Program Counter
Stack
During program execution, the Program Counter is used
to keep track of the address of the next instruction to be
executed. It is automatically incremented by one each
time an instruction is executed except for instructions,
such as ²JMP² or ²CALL² that demand a jump to a
non-consecutive Program Memory address. It must be
noted that only the lower 8 bits, known as the Program
Counter Low Register, are directly addressable by user.
This is a special part of the memory which is used to
save the contents of the Program Counter only. The
stack has 8 levels and is neither part of the data nor part
of the program space, and is neither readable nor
writeable. The activated level is indexed by the Stack
Pointer, SP, and is neither readable nor writeable. At a
subroutine call or interrupt acknowledge signal, the contents of the Program Counter are pushed onto the stack.
At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine, signaled by a return instruction, RET or RETI, the Program
Counter is restored to its previous value from the stack.
After a device reset, the Stack Pointer will point to the
top of the stack.
When executing instructions requiring jumps to
non-consecutive addresses such as a jump instruction,
a subroutine call, interrupt or reset, etc., the
microcontroller manages program control by loading the
required address into the Program Counter. For conditional skip instructions, once the condition has been
met, the next instruction, which has already been
fetched during the present instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle takes its place while the correct instruction is obtained.
P ro g ra m
C o u n te r
S ta c k L e v e l 1
T o p o f S ta c k
S ta c k L e v e l 2
S ta c k
P o in te r
The lower byte of the Program Counter, known as the
Program Counter Low register or PCL, is available for
program control and is a readable and writeable register.
By transferring data directly into this register, a short program jump can be executed directly, however, as only
this low byte is available for manipulation, the jumps are
limited to the present page of memory, that is 256 locations. When such program jumps are executed it should
also be noted that a dummy cycle will be inserted.
B o tto m
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
S ta c k L e v e l 3
o f S ta c k
S ta c k L e v e l 8
If the stack is full and an enabled interrupt takes place,
the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the acknowledge signal will be inhibited. When the Stack
Pointer is decremented, by RET or RETI, the interrupt
will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow allowing the programmer to use the structure more easily.
However, when the stack is full, a CALL subroutine instruction can still be executed which will result in a stack
overflow. Precautions should be taken to avoid such
cases which might cause unpredictable program
branching.
The lower byte of the Program Counter is fully accessible under program control. Manipulating the PCL might
cause program branching, so an extra cycle is needed
to pre-fetch. Further information on the PCL register can
be found in the Special Function Register section.
Program Counter Bits
Mode
b12
b11
b10
b9
b8
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
Initial Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
INT Interrupt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
SPI Interrupt
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
Skip
Program Counter + 2
Loading PCL
PC12 PC11 PC10
PC9
PC8
@7
@6
@5
Jump, Call Branch
#12
#11
#10
#9
#8
#7
#6
#5
#4
#3
#2
#1
#0
Return from Subroutine
S12
S11
S10
S9
S8
S7
S6
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
Program Counter
Note:
PC12~PC8: Current Program Counter bits
@7~@0: PCL bits
#12~#0: Instruction code address bits
S12~S0: Stack register bits
For the HT82K70E-L and HT82K70A-L, the Program Counter Bits is 12 bits wide, the b12 column in the table
is not applicable
For the HT82K76E-L, the Program Counter Bits is 13 bits wide, i.e. from b12 ~ b0
Rev. 1.20
7
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU
tion and interrupt entries. Table data, which can be
setup in any location within the Program Memory, is addressed by separate table pointer registers.
The arithmetic-logic unit or ALU is a critical area of the
microcontroller that carries out arithmetic and logic operations of the instruction set. Connected to the main
microcontroller data bus, the ALU receives related instruction codes and performs the required arithmetic or
logical operations after which the result will be placed in
the specified register. As these ALU calculation or operations may result in carry, borrow or other status
changes, the status register will be correspondingly updated to reflect these changes. The ALU supports the
following functions:
Special Vectors
Within the Program Memory, certain locations are reserved for special usage such as reset and interrupts.
· Location 000H
This vector is reserved for use by the device reset for
program initialisation. After a device reset is initiated, the
program will jump to this location and begin execution.
· Location 004H
· Arithmetic operations: ADD, ADDM, ADC, ADCM,
This vector is used by the external interrupt. If the INT
external input pin on the device receives a high to low
transition, the program will jump to this location and
begin execution, if the interrupt is enabled and the
stack is not full.
SUB, SUBM, SBC, SBCM, DAA
· Logic operations: AND, OR, XOR, ANDM, ORM,
XORM, CPL, CPLA
· Rotation RRA, RR, RRCA, RRC, RLA, RL, RLCA,
RLC
· Location 008H
· Increment and Decrement INCA, INC, DECA, DEC
This vector is used by the timer0 counter. If a counter
overflow occurs, the program will jump to this location
and begin execution if the timer interrupt is enabled
and the stack is not full.
· Branch decision, JMP, SZ, SZA, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ,
SIZA, SDZA, CALL, RET, RETI
· Location 00CH
Program Memorys
This vector is used by the timer1 counter. If a counter
overflow occurs, the program will jump to this location
and begin execution if the timer interrupt is enabled
and the stack is not full.
The Program Memory is the location where the user
code or program is stored. The HT82K70E-L and
HT82K76E-L are a One-Time Programmable, OTP,
memory type device where users can program their application code into the device. By using the appropriate
programming tools, OTP devices offer users the flexibility to freely develop their applications which may be useful during debug or for products requiring frequent
upgrades or program changes. OTP devices are also
applicable for use in applications that require low or medium volume production runs. The HT82K70A-L is a
Mask memory type device and offers the most cost effective solution for high volume products.
· Location 010H
This vector is used by serial interface . When 8-bits of
data have been received or transmitted successfully
from serial interface, the program will jump to this location and begin execution if the interrupt is enabled
and the stack is not full.
· Table location
Any location in the program memory can be used as
look-up tables. There are three method to read the
ROM data by two table read instructions: ²TABRDC²
and ²TABRDL², transfer the contents of the lower-order byte to the specified data memory, and the
higher-order byte to TBLH. The three methods are
shown as follows:
Structure
The Program Memory has a capacity of 4K by 16 or 8K
by 16 bits. The Program Memory is addressed by the
Program Counter and also contains data, table informaH T 8 2 K 7 0 E -L
H T 8 2 K 7 0 A -L
0 0 0 H
In itia lis a tio n
V e c to r
0 0 4 H
0 0 8 H
0 0 C H
E x te rn a l
In te rru p t V e c to r
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0
In te rru p t V e c to r
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 1
In te rru p t V e c to r
0 1 0 H
0 F F F H
S P I
In te rru p t V e c to r
1 6 b its
¨
The instructions ²TABRDC [m]² (the current page,
one page=256words), where the table locations is
defined by TBLP in the current page. And the
configuration option TBHP is disabled (default).
¨
The instructions ²TABRDC [m]², where the table locations is defined by registers TBLP (07H) and
TBHP (01FH). And the configuration option TBHP
is enabled.
¨
The instructions ²TABRDL [m]², where the table locations is defined by Registers TBLP (07H) in the
last page (0F00H~0FFFH or 1F00H~1FFFH).
H T 8 2 K 7 6 E -L
0 0 0 H
0 0 4 H
0 0 8 H
0 0 C H
0 1 0 H
1 F F F H
In itia lis a tio n
V e c to r
E x te rn a l
In te rru p t V e c to r
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0
In te rru p t V e c to r
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 1
In te rru p t V e c to r
S P I
In te rru p t V e c to r
1 6 b its
Program Memory Structure
Rev. 1.20
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February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Only the destination of the lower-order byte in the table is well-defined, the other bits of the table word are
transferred to the lower portion of TBLH, and the remaining 1-bit words are read as ²0². The Table
Higher-order byte register (TBLH) is read only. The table pointer (TBLP, TBHP) is a read/write register,
which indicates the table location. Before accessing
the table, the location must be placed in the TBLP and
TBHP (If the OTP option TBHP is disabled, the value
in TBHP has no effect). The TBLH is read only and
cannot be restored. If the main routine and the ISR
(Interrupt Service Routine) both employ the table read
instruction, the contents of the TBLH in the main routine are likely to be changed by the table read instruction used in the ISR. Errors can occur. In other words,
using the table read instruction in the main routine and
the ISR simultaneously should be avoided.
However, if the table read instruction has to be applied
in both the main routine and the ISR, the interrupt
should be disabled prior to the table read instruction. It
will not be enabled until the TBLH has been backed
up. All table related instructions require two cycles to
complete the operation. These areas may function as
normal program memory depending on the requirements.
Once configuration option is enabled, the instruction
²TABRDC [m]² reads the ROM data as defined by
TBLP and TBHP value. Otherwise, the configuration
option TBHP is disabled, the instruction ²TABRDC
[m]² reads the ROM data as defined by TBLP and the
current program counter bits.
The following diagram illustrates the addressing/data
flow of the look-up table:
P ro g ra m C o u n te r
H ig h B y te
T B H P
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
T B L P
T B L H
S p e c ifie d b y [m ]
H ig h B y te o f T a b le C o n te n ts
L o w
B y te o f T a b le C o n te n ts
Table Read - TBLP/TBHP
Table Program Example
The following example, for the HT82K76E_L, shows
how the table pointer and table data is defined and retrieved from the microcontroller. This example uses raw
table data located in the last page which is stored there
using the ORG statement. The value at this ORG statement is ²1F00H² which refers to the start address of the
last page within the 8K Program Memory of device. The
table pointer is setup here to have an initial value of
²06H². This will ensure that the first data read from the
data table will be at the Program Memory address
²1F06H² or 6 locations after the start of the last page.
Note that the value for the table pointer is referenced to
the first address of the present page if the ²TABRDC
[m]² instruction is being used. The high byte of the table
data which in this case is equal to zero will be transferred to the TBLH register automatically when the
²TABRDL [m]² instruction is executed.
P ro g ra m
M e m o ry
T B L P
T B L H
S p e c ifie d b y [m ]
T a b le C o n te n ts H ig h B y te
T a b le C o n te n ts L o w
B y te
Table Read - TBLP only
Table Location Bits
Instruction
b12
TABRDC [m]
TABRDL [m]
b11
b10
PC12 PC11 PC10
1
1
b9
b8
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
PC9
PC8
@7
@6
@5
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
1
1
@7
@6
@5
@4
@3
@2
@1
@0
1
Table Location
Note:
PC12~PC8: Current Program Counter bits when configuration option TBHP is disable
@7~@0: Table Pointer TBLP bits
For the HT82K70E-L and HT82K70A-L, the table address location is 12 bits wide, i.e. from b11 ~ b0
For the HT82K76E-L, the table address location is 13 bits wide, i.e. from b12 ~ b0
Rev. 1.20
9
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
· Table Read Program Example
tempreg1 db
tempreg2 db
:
:
?
?
; temporary register #1
; temporary register #2
mov a,06h
; initialise table pointer - note that this address
; is referenced
mov tblp,a
:
:
; to the last page or present page
tabrdl
;
;
;
;
tempreg1
dec tblp
tabrdl
transfers value in table referenced by table pointer
to tempregl
data at prog. memory address ²1F06H² transferred to
tempreg1 and TBLH
; reduce value of table pointer by one
tempreg2
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
transfers value in table referenced by table pointer
to tempreg2
data at prog.memory address ²1F05H² transferred to
tempreg2 and TBLH
in this example the data ²1AH² is transferred to
tempreg1 and data ²0FH² to register tempreg2
the value ²00H² will be transferred to the high byte
register TBLH
:
:
org 1F00h
dc
; sets initial address of last page
00Ah, 00Bh, 00Ch, 00Dh, 00Eh, 00Fh, 01Ah, 01Bh
:
:
Because the TBLH register is a read-only register and cannot be restored, care should be taken to ensure its protection
if both the main routine and Interrupt Service Routine use the table read instructions. If using the table read instructions,
the Interrupt Service Routines may change the value of TBLH and subsequently cause errors if used again by the main
routine. As a rule it is recommended that simultaneous use of the table read instructions should be avoided. However,
in situations where simultaneous use cannot be avoided, the interrupts should be disabled prior to the execution of any
main routine table-read instructions. Note that all table related instructions require two instruction cycles to complete
their operation.
Rev. 1.20
10
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Data Memory
Special Purpose Data Memory
The Data Memory is a volatile area of 8-bit wide RAM
internal memory and is the location where temporary information is stored. Divided into two sections, the first of
these is an area of RAM where special function registers
are located. These registers have fixed locations and
are necessary for correct operation of the device. Many
of these registers can be read from and written to directly under program control, however, some remain
protected from user manipulation. The second area of
Data Memory is reserved for general purpose use. All
locations within this area are read and write accessible
under program control.
This area of Data Memory is where registers, necessary
for the correct operation of the microcontroller, are
stored. Most of the registers are both readable and
writable but some are protected and are readable only,
the details of which are located under the relevant Special Function Register section. Note that for locations
that are unused, any read instruction to these addresses
will return the value ²00H².
0 0 H
0 1 H
0 2 H
0 3 H
0 4 H
0 5 H
0 6 H
0 7 H
0 8 H
0 9 H
0 A H
0 B H
0 C H
0 D H
0 E H
0 F H
1 0 H
1 1 H
1 2 H
1 3 H
1 4 H
1 5 H
1 6 H
1 7 H
1 8 H
1 9 H
1 A H
1 B H
1 C H
1 D H
1 E H
1 F H
2 0 H
2 1 H
2 2 H
2 3 H
2 4 H
2 5 H
2 6 H
2 7 H
Structure
The two sections of Data Memory, the Special Purpose
and General Purpose Data Memory are located at consecutive locations. All are implemented in RAM and are
8 bits wide but the length of each memory section is dictated by the type of microcontroller chosen. The start
address of the Data Memory for all devices is the address ²00H². Registers which are common to all
microcontrollers, such as ACC, PCL, etc., have the
same Data Memory address.
0 0 H
S p e c
P u rp o
D a
M e m o
ia l
s e
ta
ry
2 5 H
2 8 H
G e n e ra l
P u rp o s e
D a ta
M e m o ry
F F H
Data Memory Structure
Note:
Most of the Data Memory bits can be directly
manipulated using the ²SET [m].i² and ²CLR
[m].i² with the exception of a few dedicated bits.
The Data Memory can also be accessed
through the memory pointer register MP.
IA R 0
M P 0
IA R 1
M P 1
A C C
P C L
T B L P
T B L H
W D T S
S T A T U S
IN T C 0
T M R 0 H
T M R 0 L
T M R 0 C
T M R 1 H
T M R 1 L
T M R 1 C
P A
P A C
P B
P B C
P C
P C C
P D
P D C
P E
P E C
P F
P F C
IN T C 1
T B H P
S B C
S B D
W S
C T L
R
R
R
R
: U n u s e d R e a d a s "0 0 "
General Purpose Data Memory
All microcontroller programs require an area of
read/write memory where temporary data can be stored
and retrieved for use later. It is this area of RAM memory
that is known as General Purpose Data Memory. This
area of Data Memory is fully accessible by the user program for both read and write operations. By using the
²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions individual bits
can be set or reset under program control giving the
user a large range of flexibility for bit manipulation in the
Data Memory.
Rev. 1.20
11
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Special Function Registers
To ensure successful operation of the microcontroller,
certain internal registers are implemented in the Data
Memory area. These registers ensure correct operation
of internal functions such as timers, interrupts, etc., as
well as external functions such as I/O data control. The
location of these registers within the Data Memory begins at the address ²00H². Any unused Data Memory locations between these special function registers and the
point where the General Purpose Memory begins is reserved and attempting to read data from these locations
will return a value of ²00H².
rather to the memory location specified by their corresponding Memory Pointer, MP0 or MP1. As the Indirect
Addressing Registers are not physically implemented,
reading the Indirect Addressing Registers indirectly will
return a result of ²00H² and writing to the registers indirectly will result in no operation.
Memory Pointer - MP0, MP1
For all devices, two Memory Pointers, known as MP0
and MP1 are provided. These Memory Pointers are
physically implemented in the Data Memory and can be
manipulated in the same way as normal registers providing a convenient way with which to address and track
data. When any operation to the relevant Indirect Addressing Registers is carried out, the actual address that
the microcontroller is directed to, is the address specified by the related Memory Pointer.
Indirect Addressing Register - IAR0, IAR1
The Indirect Addressing Registers, IAR0 and IAR1, although having their locations in normal RAM register
space, do not actually physically exist as normal registers. The method of indirect addressing for RAM data
manipulation uses these Indirect Addressing Registers
and Memory Pointers, in contrast to direct memory addressing, where the actual memory address is specified. Actions on the IAR0 and IAR1 registers will result in
no actual read or write operation to these registers but
data .section ¢data¢
adres1
db ?
adres2
db ?
adres3
db ?
adres4
db ?
block
db ?
code .section at 0 ¢code¢
org 00h
start:
mov
mov
mov
mov
a,04h
; setup size of block
block,a
a,offset adres1; Accumulator loaded with first RAM address
mp0,a
; setup memory pointer with first RAM address
loop:
clr
inc
sdz
jmp
IAR0
mp0
block
loop
; clear the data at address defined by MP0
; increment memory pointer
; check if last memory location has been cleared
continue:
The important point to note here is that in the example shown above, no reference is made to specific Data Memory addresses.
Rev. 1.20
12
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Accumulator - ACC
Status Register - STATUS
The Accumulator is central to the operation of any
microcontroller and is closely related with operations
carried out by the ALU. The Accumulator is the place
where all intermediate results from the ALU are stored.
Without the Accumulator it would be necessary to write
the result of each calculation or logical operation such
as addition, subtraction, shift, etc., to the Data Memory
resulting in higher programming and timing overheads.
Data transfer operations usually involve the temporary
storage function of the Accumulator; for example, when
transferring data between one user defined register and
another, it is necessary to do this by passing the data
through the Accumulator as no direct transfer between
two registers is permitted.
This 8-bit register contains the zero flag (Z), carry flag
(C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV), power
down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag (TO).
These arithmetic/logical operation and system management flags are used to record the status and operation of
the microcontroller.
With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the
status register can be altered by instructions like most
other registers. Any data written into the status register
will not change the TO or PDF flag. In addition, operations related to the status register may give different results due to the different instruction operations. The TO
flag can be affected only by a system power-up, a WDT
time-out or by executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. The PDF flag is affected only by executing the
²HALT² or ²CLR WDT² instruction or during a system
power-up.
Program Counter Low Register - PCL
To provide additional program control functions, the low
byte of the Program Counter is made accessible to programmers by locating it within the Special Purpose area
of the Data Memory. By manipulating this register, direct
jumps to other program locations are easily implemented. Loading a value directly into this PCL register
will cause a jump to the specified Program Memory location, however, as the register is only 8-bit wide, only
jumps within the current Program Memory page are permitted. When such operations are used, note that a
dummy cycle will be inserted.
The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of
the latest operations.
· C is set if an operation results in a carry during an ad-
dition operation or if a borrow does not take place during a subtraction operation; otherwise C is cleared. C
is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction.
· AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the
low nibbles in addition, or no borrow from the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise AC is
cleared.
Look-up Table Registers - TBLP, TBLH, TBHP
· Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logical operation
These three special function registers are used to control operation of the look-up table which is stored in the
Program Memory. TBLP is the table pointer and indicates the location where the table data is located. Its
value must be setup before any table read commands
are executed. Its value can be changed, for example using the ²INC² or ²DEC² instructions, allowing for easy table data pointing and reading. TBLH is the location
where the high order byte of the table data is stored after
a table read data instruction has been executed. Note
that the lower order table data byte is transferred to a
user defined location. Once configuration option TBHP
is enabled, the instruction ²TABRDC [m]² reads the
ROM data as defined by TBLP and TBHP value.
is zero; otherwise Z is cleared.
· OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the high-
est-order bit but not a carry out of the highest-order bit,
or vice versa; otherwise OV is cleared.
· PDF is cleared by a system power-up or executing the
²CLR WDT² instruction. PDF is set by executing the
²HALT² instruction.
· TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing the
²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. TO is set by a
WDT time-out.
b 7
b 0
T O
P D F
O V
Z
A C
C
S T A T U S R e g is te r
A r
C a
A u
Z e
ith m e
r r y fla
x ilia r y
r o fla g
O v e r flo w
g
tic /L o g ic O p e r a tio n F la g s
c a r r y fla g
fla g
S y s te m M
P o w e r d o w
W a tc h d o g
N o t im p le m
a n
n
tim
e
a g e m e n t F la g s
fla g
e - o u t fla g
n te d , re a d a s "0 "
Status Register
Rev. 1.20
13
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
manipulating specific bits of the I/O control registers during normal program operation is a useful feature of
these devices.
In addition, on entering an interrupt sequence or executing a subroutine call, the status register will not be
pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of
the status registers are important and if the interrupt routine can change the status register, precautions must be
taken to correctly save it.
Input/Output Ports
Holtek microcontrollers offer considerable flexibility on
their I/O ports. With the input or output designation of every pin fully under user program control, pull-high options for all ports and wake-up options on certain pins,
the user is provided with an I/O structure to meet the
needs of a wide range of application possibilities.
Interrupt Control Registers - INTC0, INTC1
The microcontrollers provide one external interrupts, two
internal timer/event counter overflow interrupt and one
SPI interrupt. By setting various bits within this register
using standard bit manipulation instructions, the enable/disable function of each interrupt can be independently controlled. A master interrupt bit within this register,
the EMI bit, acts like a global enable/disable and is used
to set all of the interrupt enable bits on or off. This bit is
cleared when an interrupt routine is entered to disable
further interrupt and is set by executing the ²RETI² instruction.
Depending upon which package is chosen, the
microcontroller provides up to 43 bidirectional input/output lines labeled with port names PA, PB, PC, PD, PE
and PF0~PF2.
This register is mapped to the Data Memory with an addresses as shown in the Special Purpose Data Memory
table. Seven of these I/O lines can be used for input and
output operations and one line as an input only. For input operation, these ports are non-latching, which
means the inputs must be ready at the T2 rising edge of
instruction ²MOV A,[m]², where m denotes the port address. For output operation, all the data is latched and
remains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten.
Timer/Event Counter Registers TMR0H/TMR1H, TMR0L/TMR1L,TMR0C/TMR1C
All devices possess two internal 16-bit count-up timer. An
associated register pair known as TMR0L(TMR1L)/
TMR0H(TMR1H) is the location where the timer 16-bit
value is located. This register can also be preloaded with
fixed data to allow different time intervals to be setup. An
associated control register, known as TMR0C(TMR1C),
contains the setup information for this timer, which determines in what mode the timer is to be used as well as
containing the timer on/off control function.
Pull-high Resistors
Many product applications require pull-high resistors for
their switch inputs usually requiring the use of an external resistor. To eliminate the need for these external resistors, I/O pins, when configured as an input have the
capability of being connected to an internal pull-high resistor. The pull-high resistors are selectable via configuration options and are implemented using weak PMOS
transistors. Each pin on all of I/O can be selected individually to have this pull-high resistors feature and each
nibble on each of the other ports.
Input/Output Ports and Control Registers
Within the area of Special Function Registers, the I/O
registers and and their associated control registers play
a prominent role. All I/O ports have a designated register correspondingly labeled as PA, PB, PC, PD, PE and
PF0~PF2. These labeled I/O registers are mapped to
specific addresses within the Data Memory as shown in
the Data Memory table, which are used to transfer the
appropriate output or input data on that port. With each
I/O port there is an associated control register labeled
PAC, PBC, PCC, PDC, PEC and PFC.0~PFC.2, also
mapped to specific addresses with the Data Memory.
The control register specifies which pins of that port are
set as inputs and which are set as outputs. To setup a
pin as an input, the corresponding bit of the control register must be set high, for an output it must be set low.
During program initialisation, it is important to first setup
the control registers to specify which pins are outputs
and which are inputs before reading data from or writing
data to the I/O ports. One flexible feature of these registers is the ability to directly program single bits using the
²SET [m].i² and ²CLR [m].i² instructions. The ability to
change I/O pins from output to input and vice versa by
Rev. 1.20
Port Pin Wake-up
If the HALT instruction is executed, the device will enter
the Power Down Mode, where the system clock will stop
resulting in power being conserved, a feature that is important for battery and other low-power applications.
Various methods exist to wake-up the microcontroller,
one of which is to change the logic condition on one of
the Port pins from high to low or low to high. After a
HALT instruction forces the microcontroller into entering
the Power Down Mode, the processor will remain idle or
in a low-power state until the logic condition of the selected wake-up pin on Port pins changes from high to
low or low to high. This function is especially suitable for
applications that can be woken up via external switches.
Note that each pin on PA, PB, PC, PD, PE and PF0~PF2
can be selected individually to have this wake-up feature.
14
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
V
P u ll- H ig h
O p tio n
C o n tr o l B it
D a ta B u s
W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r
Q
D
W r ite D a ta R e g is te r
S
I/O
p in
D a ta B it
Q
D
C K
Q
S
R e a d D a ta R e g is te r
S y s te m
W e a k
P u ll- u p
Q
C K
C h ip R e s e t
R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r
D D
M
U
X
W a k e -u p
W a k e - u p S e le c t
Generic Input/Output Structure
· External Timer 0 Clock Input
I/O Port Control Registers
The external timer pin TMR0 is pin-shared with the I/O
pin PA2. To configure this pin to operate as timer input,
the corresponding control bits in the timer control register must be correctly set. For applications that do not
require an external timer input, this pin can be used as
a normal I/O pin. Note that if used as a normal I/O pin
the timer mode control bits in the timer control register
must select the timer mode, which has an internal
clock source, to prevent the input pin from interfering
with the timer operation.
Each I/O port has its own control register PAC, PBC,
PCC, PDC, PEC and PFC.0~PFC.2, to control the input/output configuration. With this control register, each
CMOS output or input with or without pull-high resistor
structures can be reconfigured dynamically under software control. Each of the I/O ports is directly mapped to a
bit in its associated port control register. Note that several
pins can be setup to have NMOS outputs using configuration options.
· External Timer1 Clock Input
For the I/O pin to function as an input, the corresponding
bit of the control register must be written as a ²1². This
will then allow the logic state of the input pin to be directly read by instructions. When the corresponding bit
of the control register is written as a ²0², the I/O pin will
be setup as an output. If the pin is currently setup as an
output, instructions can still be used to read the output
register. However, it should be noted that the program
will in fact only read the status of the output data latch
and not the actual logic status of the output pin.
The external timer pin TMR1 is pin-shared with the I/O
pin PA3. To configure this pin to operate as timer input,
the corresponding control bits in the timer control register must be correctly set. For applications that do not
require an external timer input, this pin can be used as
a normal I/O pin. Note that if used as a normal I/O pin
the timer mode control bits in the timer control register
must select the timer mode, which has an internal
clock source, to prevent the input pin from interfering
with the timer operation.
· V1/V2 is for V-axis function
Pin-shared Functions
The V1/V2 pins are pin shared with the PB0/PB1 pins,
PB0, PB1 has falling and rising edge wake-up function, if it select can wake-up by configuration option. In
HALT Mode if PB0 wake-up the V1-Wakeup [23H.4]
will be set, if PB1 wake-up the V2-Wakeup [23H.5] will
be set. If user read WSR register by software, the bit
will be clear.
The flexibility of the microcontroller range is greatly enhanced by the use of pins that have more than one function. Limited numbers of pins can force serious design
constraints on designers but by supplying pins with
multi-functions, many of these difficulties can be overcome. For some pins, the chosen function of the
multi-function I/O pins is set by configuration options
while for others the function is set by application program control.
· Z1/Z2 is for Z-axis function
The Z1/Z2 pins are pin shared with the PA0/PA1 pins,
PA0, PA1 has falling and rising edge wake-up function, if it select can wake-up by configuration option. In
halt mode if PA0 wake-up the Z1-Wakeup [23H.6] will
be set, if PA1 wake-up the Z2-Wakeup [23H.7] will be
set. If user WSR register by software, the bit will be
clear.
· External Interrupt Input
The external interrupt pin INT is pin-shared with the
I/O pin PC2. For applications not requiring an external
interrupt input, the pin-shared external interrupt pin
can be used as a normal I/O pin, however to do this,
the external interrupt enable bits in the INTC0 register
must be disabled.
Rev. 1.20
15
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Output Pin Slew Rate Control
to operate as a general timer, an external event counter
or as a pulse width measurement device.
The output pin slew rate can be setup using a configuration option and can be set to be either 0ns, 50ns, 100ns
or 200ns.
There are two types of registers related to the
Timer/Event Counters. The first is the register that contain the actual value of the Timer/Event Counter and into
which an initial value can be preloaded, and is known as
TMR0H/TMR0L, TMR1H/TMR1L. Reading from this
register retrieves the contents of the Timer/Event Counter. The second type of associated register is the Timer
Control Register, which defines the timer options and
determines how the Timer/Event Counter is to be used,
and has the name TMR0C or TMR1C. This device can
have the timer clocks configured to come from the internal clock sources. In addition, the timer clock sources
can also be configured to come from the external timer
pins.
I/O Pin Structures
The accompanying diagrams illustrate the internal
structures of some I/O pin types. As the exact logical
construction of the I/O pin will differ from these drawings, they are supplied as a guide only to assist with the
functional understanding of the I/O pins. The wide range
of pin-shared structures does not permit all types to be
shown.
Programming Considerations
Within the user program, one of the first things to consider is port initialisation. After a reset, all of the data and
port control register will be set high. This means that all
I/O pins will default to an input state, the level of which
depends on the other connected circuitry and whether
pull-high options have been selected. If the PAC, PBC,
PCC, PDC, PEC and PFC.0~PFC.2 port control register, are then programmed to setup some pins as outputs, these output pins will have an initial high output
value unless the associated PA, PB, PC, PD, PE and
PF0~PF2 port data registers are first programmed. Selecting which pins are inputs and which are outputs can
be achieved byte-wide by loading the correct value into
the port control register or by programming individual
bits in the port control register using the ²SET [m].i² and
²CLR [m].i² instructions. Note that when using these bit
control instructions, a read-modify-write operation takes
place. The microcontroller must first read in the data on
the entire port, modify it to the required new bit values
and then rewrite this data back to the output ports.
T 1
S y s te m
T 2
T 3
T 4
T 1
T 2
T 3
The external clock source is used when the Timer/Event
Counter is in the event counting mode, the clock source
being provided on the external timer pin. The external
timer pin has the name TMR0 or TMR1. Depending
upon the condition of the T0E or T1E bit in the Timer
Control Register, each high to low, or low to high transition on the external timer input pin will increment the
Timer/Event Counter by one.
Configuring the Timer/Event Counter Input Clock
Source
The Timer/Event Counter¢s clock can originate from various sources. The instruction clock source or WDTOSC
(system clock source divided by 4) is used when the
Timer/Event Counter 0 or Timer/Event Counter 1 is in the
timer mode or in the pulse width measurement mode.
The external clock source is used when the Timer/Event
Counter is in the event counting mode, the clock source
being provided on the external timer pin, TMR0 or TMR1.
Depending upon the condition of the T0E or T1E bit, each
high to low, or low to high transition on the external timer
pin will increment the counter by one.
T 4
C lo c k
P o rt D a ta
W r ite to P o r t
R e a d fro m
Timer Registers - TMR0H/TMR0L, TMR1H/TMR1L
P o rt
The timer registers are special function registers located
in the Special Purpose RAM Data Memory and are the
places where the actual timer values are stored. The
timer registers are known as TMR0L/ TMR0H, TMR1L
/TMR1H. The value in the timer registers increases by
one each time an internal clock pulse is received or an
external transition occurs on the external timer pin. The
timer will count from the initial value loaded by the
preload register to the full count of FFFFH for the 16-bit
timer at which point the timer overflows and an internal
interrupt signal is generated. The timer value will then
be reset with the initial preload register value and continue counting.
Read/Write Timing
All I/O pins has the additional capability of providing
wake-up functions. When the device is in the Power
Down Mode, various methods are available to wake the
device up. One of these is a high to low or low to high
transition of any of all I/O pins. Single or multiple pins on
all I/O pins can be setup to have this function.
Timer/Event Counters
The provision of timers form an important part of any
microcontroller, giving the designer a means of carrying
out time related functions. This device contains two
count-up timers of 16-bit capacities. As each timer has
three different operating modes, they can be configured
Rev. 1.20
To achieve a maximum full range count of FFFFH, the
preload registers must first be cleared to all zeros. It
should be noted that after power-on, the preload register
16
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
D a ta B u s
L o w B y te
B u ffe r
T 0 M 1
fS
T M R 0
Y S
/4
1 6 - b it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
P r e lo a d R e g is te r
T 0 M 0
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
M o d e C o n tro l
H ig h B y te
T 0 O N
T 0 E
L o w
B y te
1 6 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
R e lo a d
O v e r flo w
to In te rru p t
16-bit Timer/Event Counter 0 Structure
D a ta B u s
L o w B y te
B u ffe r
M
W D T O S C
fS Y S /4
T M R 1 S O p tio n
U
X
T 1 M 1
1 6 - b it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
P r e lo a d R e g is te r
T 1 M 0
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
M o d e C o n tro l
T M R 1
H ig h B y te
T 1 O N
T 1 E
L o w
B y te
1 6 - B it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r
R e lo a d
O v e r flo w
to In te rru p t
16-bit Timer/Event Counter 1 Structure
associated low byte buffer. After this has been done, the
low byte timer register can be read in the normal way.
Note that reading the low byte timer register will result in
reading the previously latched contents of the low byte
buffer and not the actual contents of the low byte timer
register.
will be in an unknown condition. Note that if the
Timer/Event Counter is switched off and data is written
to its preload registers, this data will be immediately written into the actual timer registers. However, if the
Timer/Event Counter is enabled and counting, any new
data written into the preload data registers during this
period will remain in the preload registers and will only
be written into the timer registers the next time an overflow occurs.
Timer Control Register - TMR0C, TMR1C
The flexible features of the Holtek microcontroller
Timer/Event Counters enable them to operate in three
different modes, the options of which are determined by
the contents of their control register, which has the
name TMR0C or TMR1C. It is the Timer Control Register together with its corresponding timer register that
control the full operation of the Timer/Event Counter.
Before the Timer/Event Counter can be used, it is essential that the Timer Control Register is fully programmed with the right data to ensure its correct
operation, a process that is normally carried out during
program initialisation.
For the 16-bit Timer/Event Counter which has both low
byte and high byte timer registers, accessing these registers is carried out in a specific way. It must be note
when using instructions to preload data into the low byte
timer register, namely TMR0L/TMR1L, the data will only
be placed in a low byte buffer and not directly into the
low byte timer register. The actual transfer of the data
into the low byte timer register is only carried out when a
write to its associated high byte timer register, namely
TMR0H/TMR1H, is executed. On the other hand, using
instructions to preload data into the high byte timer register will result in the data being directly written to the
high byte timer register. At the same time the data in the
low byte buffer will be transferred into its associated low
byte timer register. For this reason, the low byte timer
register should be written first when preloading data into
the 16-bit timer registers. It must also be noted that to
read the contents of the low byte timer register, a read to
the high byte timer register must be executed first to
latch the contents of the low byte timer register into its
Rev. 1.20
To choose which of the three modes the Timer/Event
Counter is to operate in, either in the timer mode, the
event counting mode or the pulse width measurement
mode, bits 7 and 6 of the Timer Control Register, which
are known as the bit pair T0M1/T0M0 or T1M1/T1M0,
must be set to the required logic levels. The Timer/Event
Counter on/off bit, which is bit 4 of the Timer Control
Register and known as T0ON or T1ON, provides the basic on/off control of the Timer/Event Counter. Setting the
17
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
b 7
T 0 M 1 T 0 M 0
b 0
T 0 O N
T 0 E
T M R 0 C
R e g is te r
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
E v
1 :
0 :
P u
1 :
0 :
e n t C
c o u n
c o u n
ls e W
s ta rt
s ta rt
o u n te r A c tiv e E d g
t o n fa llin g e d g e
t o n r is in g e d g e
id th M e a s u r e m e n
c o u n tin g o n r is in g
c o u n tin g o n fa llin g
e S e le c t
t A c tiv e E d g e S e le c t
e d g e , s to p o n fa llin g e d g e
e d g e , s to p o n r is in g e d g e
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r C o u n tin g E n a b le
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
O p e r a tin g M o d e S e le c
T 0 M 0
T 0 M 1
n o
0
0
e v
1
0
tim
0
1
p u
1
1
t
m o d
e n t c
e r m
ls e w
e a v a ila b le
o u n te r m o d e
o d e
id th m e a s u r e m e n t m o d e
Timer/Event Counter 0 Control Register
b 7
T 1 M 1 T 1 M 0
b 0
T 1 O N
T 1 E
T M R 1 C
R e g is te r
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
E v e n t C
1 : c o u n
0 : c o u n
P u ls e W
1 : s ta rt
0 : s ta rt
o u n te r A c tiv e E d g
t o n fa llin g e d g e
t o n r is in g e d g e
id th M e a s u r e m e n
c o u n tin g o n r is in g
c o u n tin g o n fa llin g
e S e le c t
t A c tiv e E d g e S e le c t
e d g e , s to p o n fa llin g e d g e
e d g e , s to p o n r is in g e d g e
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r C o u n tin g E n a b le
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
O p e r a tin g M o d e S e le c t
T 1 M 0
T 1 M 1
n o m o d
0
0
e v e n t c
1
0
tim e r m
0
1
p u ls e w
1
1
e a v a ila b le
o u n te r m o d e
o d e
id th m e a s u r e m e n t m o d e
Timer/Event Counter 1 Control Register
Rev. 1.20
18
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
bit high allows the Timer/Event Counter to run, clearing
the bit stops it running. If the Timer/Event Counter is in
the event count or pulse width measurement mode, the
active transition edge level type is selected by the logic
level of bit 3 of the Timer Control Register which is
known as T0E or T1E.
In this mode, the external timer pin, TMR0 or TMR1, is
used as the Timer/Event Counter clock source, however
it is not divided by the internal prescaler. After the other
bits in the Timer Control Register have been setup, the
enable bit T0ON or T1ON, which is bit 4 of the Timer
Control Register, can be set high to enable the
Timer/Event Counter to run. If the Active Edge Select bit
T0E or T1E, which is bit 3 of the Timer Control Register,
is low, the Timer/Event Counter will increment each time
the external timer pin receives a low to high transition. If
the Active Edge Select bit is high, the counter will increment each time the external timer pin receives a high to
low transition. When it is full and overflows, an interrupt
signal is generated and the Timer/Event Counter will reload the value already loaded into the preload register
and continue counting. The interrupt can be disabled by
ensuring that the Timer/Event Counter Interrupt Enable
bit in the Interrupt Control Register, INTC0, is reset to
zero.
Configuring the Timer Mode
In this mode, the Timer/Event Counter can be utilised to
measure fixed time intervals, providing an internal interrupt signal each time the Timer/Event Counter overflows. To operate in this mode, the Operating Mode
Select bit pair, T0M1/T0M0 or T1M1/T1M0, in the Timer
Control Register must be set to the correct value as
shown.
Control Register Operating Mode
Select Bits for the Timer Mode
Bit7 Bit6
1
0
In this mode the internal clock is used as the internal
clock for the Timer/Event Counter. After the other bits in
the Timer Control Register have been setup, the enable
bit T0ON or T1ON, which is bit 4 of the Timer Control
Register, can be set high to enable the Timer/Event
Counter to run. Each time an internal clock cycle occurs,
the Timer/Event Counter increments by one. When it is
full and overflows, an interrupt signal is generated and
the Timer/Event Counter will reload the value already
loaded into the register and continue counting. The interrupt can be disabled by ensuring that the Timer/Event
Counter Interrupt Enable bit in the Interrupt Control Register, INTC0, is reset to zero.
As the external timer pin is an independent pin and not
shared with an I/O pin, the only thing to ensure the timer
operate as an event counter is to ensure that the Operating Mode Select bits in the Timer Control Register
place the Timer/Event Counter in the Event Counting
Mode. It should be noted that in the event counting
mode, even if the microcontroller is in the Power Down
Mode, the Timer/Event Counter will continue to record
externally changing logic events on the timer input pin.
As a result when the timer overflows it will generate a
timer interrupt and corresponding wake-up source.
Configuring the Pulse Width Measurement Mode
Configuring the Event Counter Mode
In this mode, the Timer/Event Counter can be utilised to
measure the width of external pulses applied to the external timer pin. To operate in this mode, the Operating
Mode Select bit pair, T0M1/T0M0 or T1M1/T1M0, in the
Timer Control Register must be set to the correct value
as shown.
In this mode, a number of externally changing logic
events, occurring on the external timer pin, can be recorded by the Timer/Event Counter. To operate in this
mode, the Operating Mode Select bit pair, T0M1/T0M0
or T1M1/T1M0, in the Timer Control Register must be
set to the correct value as shown.
Control Register Operating Mode
Select Bits for the Event Counter Mode
Control Register Operating Mode
Bit7 Bit6
Select Bits for the Pulse Width Measure1
1
ment Mode
Bit7 Bit6
0
1
P r e s c a le r O u tp u t
In c re m e n t
T im e r C o n tr o lle r
T im e r + 1
T im e r + 2
T im e r + N
T im e r + N + 1
Timer Mode Timing Chart
E x te r n a l T im e r
P in In p u t
T 0 E o r T 1 E = 1
In c re m e n t
T im e r C o u n te r
T im e r + 1
T im e r + 2
T im e r + 3
Event Counter Mode Timing Chart
Rev. 1.20
19
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
In this mode the internal clock, fSYS/4 is used as the internal clock for the 16-bit Timer/Event Counters. After
the other bits in the Timer Control Register have been
setup, the enable bit T0ON or T1ON, which is bit 4 of the
Timer Control Register, can be set high to enable the
Timer/Event Counter, however it will not actually start
counting until an active edge is received on the external
timer pin.
I/O Interfacing
If the Active Edge Select bit T0E or T1E, which is bit 3 of
the Timer Control Register, is low, once a high to low
transition has been received on the external timer pin,
TMR0 or TMR1, the Timer/Event Counter will start
counting until the external timer pin returns to its original
high level. At this point the enable bit will be automatically reset to zero and the Timer/Event Counter will stop
counting. If the Active Edge Select bit is high, the
Timer/Event Counter will begin counting once a low to
high transition has been received on the external timer
pin and stop counting when the external timer pin returns to its original low level. As before, the enable bit
will be automatically reset to zero and the Timer/Event
Counter will stop counting. It is important to note that in
the Pulse Width Measurement Mode, the enable bit is
automatically reset to zero when the external control
signal on the external timer pin returns to its original
level, whereas in the other two modes the enable bit can
only be reset to zero under program control.
Programming Considerations
The residual value in the Timer/Event Counter, which
can now be read by the program, therefore represents
the length of the pulse received on the external timer
pin. As the enable bit has now been reset, any further
transitions on the external timer pin will be ignored. Not
until the enable bit is again set high by the program can
the timer begin further pulse width measurements. In
this way, single shot pulse measurements can be easily
made.
When the Timer/Event Counter is read or if data is written
to the preload registers, the clock is inhibited to avoid errors, however as this may result in a counting error, this
should be taken into account by the programmer. Care
must be taken to ensure that the timers are properly initialised before using them for the first time. The associated timer interrupt enable bits in the interrupt control
register must be properly set otherwise the internal interrupt associated with the timer will remain inactive. The
edge select, timer mode and clock source control bits in
timer control register must also be correctly set to ensure
the timer is properly configured for the required application. It is also important to ensure that an initial value is
first loaded into the timer register before the timer is
switched on; this is because after power-on the initial
value of the timer register is unknown. After the timer has
been initialised the timer can be turned on and off by controlling the enable bit in the timer control register. Note
The Timer/Event Counter, when configured to run in the
event counter or pulse width measurement mode, requires the use of an external pin for correct operation.
This is implemented by ensuring that the mode select bits
in the Timer/Event Counter control register, select either
the event counter or pulse width measurement mode.
When configured to run in the timer mode, an internal
timer clock source is used. In this mode, when the appropriate timer register is full, the microcontroller will
generate an internal interrupt signal directing the program flow to the respective internal interrupt vector. For
the pulse width measurement mode, the instruction
clock is also used as the timer clock source but the timer
will only run when the correct logic condition appears on
the external timer input pin. As this is an external event
and not synchronised with the internal timer clock, the
microcontroller will only see this external event when the
next timer clock pulse arrives. As a result there may be
small differences in measured values requiring programmers to take this into account during programming.
The same applies if the timer is configured to be in the
event counting mode which again is an external event
and not synchronised with the internal system or timer
clock.
It should be noted that in this mode the Timer/Event
Counter is controlled by logical transitions on the external
timer pin and not by the logic level. When the Timer/Event
Counter is full and overflows, an interrupt signal is generated and the Timer/Event Counter will reload the value already loaded into the preload register and continue
counting. The interrupt can be disabled by ensuring that
the Timer/Event Counter Interrupt Enable bit in the Interrupt Control Register, INTC0, is reset to zero.
E x te r n a l T im e r
P in In p u t
T 0 O N o r T 1 O N
( w ith T 0 E o r T 1 E = 0 )
P r e s c a le r O u tp u t
In c re m e n t
T im e r C o u n te r
+ 1
T im e r
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
P r e s c a le r O u tp u t is s a m p le d a t e v e r y fa llin g e d g e o f T 1 .
Pulse Width Measure Mode Timing Chart
Rev. 1.20
20
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
that setting the timer enable bit high to turn the timer on,
should only be executed after the timer mode bits have
been properly setup. Setting the timer enable bit high together with a mode bit modification, may lead to improper
timer operation if executed as a single timer control register byte write instruction.
woken up from its Power-down condition. To prevent
such a wake-up from occurring, the timer interrupt request flag should first be set high before issuing the
HALT instruction to enter the Power Down Mode.
When the Timer/Event counter overflows, its corresponding interrupt request flag in the interrupt control
register will be set. If the timer interrupt is enabled this
will in turn generate an interrupt signal. However irrespective of whether the timer interrupt is enabled or not,
a Timer/Event counter overflow will also generate a
wake-up signal if the device is in a Power-down condition. This situation may occur if the Timer/Event Counter
is in the Event Counting Mode and if the external signal
continues to change state. In such a case, the
Timer/Event Counter will continue to count these external events and if an overflow occurs the device will be
This program example shows how the Timer/Event
Counter registers are setup, along with how the interrupts are enabled and managed. Note how the
Timer/Event Counter is turned on, by setting bit 4 of the
Timer Control Register. The Timer/Event Counter can
be turned off in a similar way by clearing the same bit.
This example program sets the Timer/Event Counter
tobe in the timer mode, which uses the internal system
clock as the clock source.
Timer Program Example
org 04h
; external interrupt vector
reti
org 08h
; Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt vector
jmp tmr0int
; jump here when Timer/Event Counter 0 overflows
org 0ch
; Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt vector
jmp tmr1int
; jump here when Timer/Event Counter 1 overflows
:
org 20h
; main program
:
;internal Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt routine
tmr0int:
:
; Timer/Event Counter 0 main program placed here
:
reti
:
;internal Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt routine
tmr1int:
:
; Timer/Event Counter 1 main program placed here
:
reti
:
begin:
;setup Timer/Event Counter 0 registers
mov a,0e8h
; setup low byte preload value for Timer/Event Counter 0
mov tmr0l,a
; low byte must be setup before high byte
mov a,09bh
; setup high byte preload value for Timer/Event Counter 0
mov tmr0h,a
;
mov a,080h
; setup Timer control register TMR0C
mov tmr0c,a
; Timer/Event Counter 0 has no prescaler and clock source is fSYS/4
;setup Timer/Event Counter 1 registers
mov a,09bh
; setup low byte preload value for Timer/Event Counter 1
mov tmr1l,a
; low byte must be setup before high byte
mov a,0e8h
; setup high byte preload value for Timer/Event Counter 1
mov tmr1h,a
;
mov a,080h
; setup Timer control register TMR1C
mov tmr1c,a
; Timer/Event Counter 1 has no prescaler and clock source is fSYS/4
; setup interrupt register
mov a,00dh
; enable master interrupt and timer interrupts
mov intc,a
:
set tmr0c.4
; start Timer/Event Counter 0 - note mode bits must be previously setup
set tmr1c.4
; start Timer/Event Counter 1 - note mode bits must be previously setup
Rev. 1.20
21
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Interrupts
The various interrupt enable bits, together with their associated request flags, are shown in the accompanying
diagram with their order of priority.
Interrupts are an important part of any microcontroller
system. When an external interrupt pin transition or two
internal function such as a Timer/Event Counter overflow, a transmission or reception of SPI data occurs,
their corresponding interrupt will enforce a temporary
suspension of the main program allowing the
microcontroller to direct attention to their respective
needs. Each device contains one external interrupts
and several internal interrupts functions. The external
interrupt is controlled by the action of the external interrupt pins, while the internal interrupts are controlled by
the Timer/Event Counter overflow and SPI data transmission or reception.
Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all the other interrupts will be blocked, as the EMI bit will be cleared automatically. This will prevent any further interrupt nesting
from occurring. However, if other interrupt requests occur during this interval, although the interrupt will not be
immediately serviced, the request flag will still be recorded. If an interrupt requires immediate servicing
while the program is already in another interrupt service
routine, the EMI bit should be set after entering the routine, to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the
related interrupt is enabled, until the Stack Pointer is
decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack
must be prevented from becoming full.
Interrupt Register
Overall interrupt control, which means interrupt enabling
and request flag setting, is controlled by the two interrupt control registers, which are located in the Data
Memory. By controlling the appropriate enable bits in
these registers each individual interrupt can be enabled
or disabled. Also when an interrupt occurs, the corresponding request flag will be set by the microcontroller.
The global enable flag if cleared to zero will disable all
interrupts.
Interrupt Priority
Interrupts, occurring in the interval between the rising
edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be serviced on
the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding interrupts are enabled. In case of simultaneous requests,
the following table shows the priority that is applied.
These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit.
Interrupt Operation
Interrupt Source
Two Timer/Event Counter overflow, 16-bits of data
transmission or reception on either of the one SPI interfaces or an active edge on any of the one external interrupt pins will all generate an interrupt request by setting
their corresponding request flag, if their appropriate interrupt enable bit is set. When this happens, the Program Counter, which stores the address of the next
instruction to be executed, will be transferred onto the
stack. The Program Counter will then be loaded with a
new address which will be the value of the corresponding interrupt vector. The microcontroller will then fetch its
next instruction from this interrupt vector. The instruction
at this vector will usually be a JMP statement which will
jump to another section of program which is known as
the interrupt service routine. Here is located the code to
control the appropriate interrupt. The interrupt service
routine must be terminated with a RETI statement,
which retrieves the original Program Counter address
from the stack and allows the microcontroller to continue
with normal execution at the point where the interrupt
occurred.
Rev. 1.20
Priority
Vector
External Interrupt INT
1
0004H
Timer/Event Counter 0
Overflow Interrupt
2
0008H
Timer/Event Counter 1
Overflow Interrupt
3
000CH
SPI Interrupt
4
0010H
In cases where both external and internal interrupts are
enabled and where an external and internal interrupt occurs simultaneously, the external interrupt will always
have priority and will therefore be serviced first. Suitable
masking of the individual interrupts using the interrupt
registers can prevent simultaneous occurrences.
22
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
A u to m a tic a lly C le a r e d b y IS R
M a n u a lly S e t o r C le a r e d b y S o ftw a r e
A u to m a tic a lly D is a b le d b y IS R
C a n b e E n a b le d M a n u a lly
P r io r ity
E x te rn a l In te rru p t
R e q u e s t F la g E IF
E E I
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0
In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g T 0 F
E T 0 I
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 1
In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g T 1 F
E T 1 I
S P I In te rru p t
R e q u e s t F la g S IF
E S II
E M I
H ig h
In te rru p t
P o llin g
L o w
Interrupt Structure
b 7
b 0
T 1 F
T 0 F
E IF
E T 1 I
E T 0 I
E E I
E M I
IN T C 0 R e g is te r
M a s te r In te r r u p t G lo b a l E n a b le
1 : g lo b a l e n a b le
0 : g lo b a l d is a b le
E x te r n a l In te r r u p t E n a b le
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0 In te r r u p t E n a b le
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 1 In te r r u p t E n a b le
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
E x te r n a l In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0 In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 1 In te r r u p t R e q u e s t F la g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
N o im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
INTC0 Register
b 0
b 7
S IF
E S II
IN T C 1 R e g is te r
S P I S e r ia l In te r fa c e in te r r u p t e n a b le
1 : e n a b le
0 : d is a b le
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
S P I S e r ia l in te r fa c e d a ta tr a n s fe r r e d o r d a ta r e c e iv e d in te r r u p t r e q u e s t fla g
1 : a c tiv e
0 : in a c tiv e
N o t im p le m e n te d , r e a d a s " 0 "
INTC1 Register
Rev. 1.20
23
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
External Interrupt
SPI Interrupt
For an external interrupt to occur, the global interrupt enable bit, EMI, and external interrupt enable bit, EEI must
first be set. An actual external interrupt will take place
when the external interrupt request flag, EIF is set, a situation that will occur when a high to low transition appears on the interrupt pins. The external interrupt pin is
pin-shared with the I/O pins PC2 can only be configured
as an external interrupt pin if the corresponding external
interrupt enable bits in the interrupt control register
INTC0 have been set. The pins must also be setup as
inputs by setting the corresponding PCC.2 bits in the
port control register. When the interrupt is enabled, the
stack is not full and a high to low transition appears on
the external interrupt pin, a subroutine call to the external interrupt vector at location 04H will take place. When
the interrupt is serviced, the external interrupt request
flag, EIF will be automatically reset and the EMI bit will
be automatically cleared to disable other interrupts.
Note that any pull-high resistor configuration options on
these pins will remain valid even if the pins are used as
external interrupt inputs.
For an SPI Interrupt to occur, the global interrupt enable
bit, EMI, and the corresponding SPI interrupt enable bit,
ESII, must be first set. The SBEN bit in the SBCR register must also be set. An actual SPI Interrupt will take
place when one of the one SPI interrupt request flags,
SIF, is set, a situation that will occur when 8-bits of data
are transferred or received from either of the SPI interfaces. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full
and an SPI interrupt occurs, a subroutine call to the SPI
interrupt vector at location 10H, will take place. When
the interrupt is serviced, the SPI interrupt request flag,
SIF, will be automatically reset and the EMI bit will be automatically cleared to disable other interrupts.
Programming Considerations
By disabling the interrupt enable bits, a requested interrupt can be prevented from being serviced, however,
once an interrupt request flag is set, it will remain in this
condition in the interrupt control register until the corresponding interrupt is serviced or until the request flag is
cleared by a software instruction.
It is recommended that programs do not use the ²CALL
subroutine² instruction within the interrupt subroutine.
Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or
need to be serviced immediately in some applications. If
only one stack is left and the interrupt is not well controlled, the original control sequence will be damaged
once a ²CALL subroutine² is executed in the interrupt
subroutine.
Timer/Event Counter Interrupt
For a Timer/Event Counter interrupt to occur, the global
interrupt enable bit, EMI, and the corresponding timer
interrupt enable bit, ET0I or ET1I, must first be set. An
actual Timer/Event Counter interrupt will take place
when the Timer/Event Counter interrupt request flag,
T0F or T1F, is set, a situation that will occur when the
Timer/Event Counter overflows. When the interrupt is
enabled, the stack is not full and a Timer/Event Counter
overflow occurs, a subroutine call to the timer interrupt
vector at location 08H or 0CH, will take place. When the
interrupt is serviced, the timer interrupt request flag, T0F
or T1F, will be automatically reset and the EMI bit will be
automatically cleared to disable other interrupts.
Rev. 1.20
All of these interrupts have the capability of waking up
the processor when in the Power Down Mode.
Only the Program Counter is pushed onto the stack. If
the contents of the accumulator or status register are altered by the interrupt service program, which may corrupt the desired control sequence, then the contents
should be saved in advance.
24
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Reset and Initialisation
the RES pin, whose additional time delay will ensure
that the RES pin remains low for an extended period
to allow the power supply to stabilise. During this time
delay, normal operation of the microcontroller will be
inhibited. After the RES line reaches a certain voltage
value, the reset delay time tRSTD is invoked to provide
an extra delay time after which the microcontroller will
begin normal operation. The abbreviation SST in the
figures stands for System Start-up Timer.
A reset function is a fundamental part of any
microcontroller ensuring that the device can be set to
some predetermined condition irrespective of outside
parameters. The most important reset condition is after
power is first applied to the microcontroller. In this case,
internal circuitry will ensure that the microcontroller, after a short delay, will be in a well defined state and ready
to execute the first program instruction. After this
power-on reset, certain important internal registers will
be set to defined states before the program commences. One of these registers is the Program Counter,
which will be reset to zero forcing the microcontroller to
begin program execution from the lowest Program
Memory address.
V D D
0 .9 V
R E S
tR
S T D
S S T T im e - o u t
In te rn a l R e s e t
In addition to the power-on reset, situations may arise
where it is necessary to forcefully apply a reset condition
when the microcontroller is running. One example of this
is where after power has been applied and the
microcontroller is already running, the RES line is forcefully pulled low. In such a case, known as a normal operation reset, some of the microcontroller registers remain
unchanged allowing the microcontroller to proceed with
normal operation after the reset line is allowed to return
high. Another type of reset is when the Watchdog Timer
overflows and resets the microcontroller. All types of reset operations result in different register conditions being setup.
Power-On Reset Timing Chart
For most applications a resistor connected between
VDD and the RES pin and a capacitor connected between VSS and the RES pin will provide a suitable external reset circuit. Any wiring connected to the RES
pin should be kept as short as possible to minimise
any stray noise interference.
V D D
1 0 0 k W
R E S
0 .1 m F
V S S
Reset Functions
Basic Reset Circuit
There are five ways in which a microcontroller reset can
occur, through events occurring both internally and externally:
For applications that operate within an environment
where more noise is present the Enhanced Reset Circuit shown is recommended.
· Power-on Reset
The most fundamental and unavoidable reset is the
one that occurs after power is first applied to the
microcontroller. As well as ensuring that the Program
Memory begins execution from the first memory address, a power-on reset also ensures that certain
other registers are preset to known conditions. All the
I/O port and port control registers will power up in a
high condition ensuring that all pins will be first set to
inputs.
Although the microcontroller has an internal RC reset
function, if the VDD power supply rise time is not fast
enough or does not stabilise quickly at power-on, the
internal reset function may be incapable of providing a
proper reset operation. In such cases it is recommended that an external RC network is connected to
Rev. 1.20
D D
0 .0 1 m F
V D D
1 0 0 k W
R E S
1 0 k W
0 .1 m F
V S S
Enhanced Reset Circuit
More information regarding external reset circuits is
located in Application Note HA0075E on the Holtek
website.
25
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
· RES Pin Reset
· Watchdog Time-out Reset during Power Down
This type of reset occurs when the microcontroller is
already running and the RES pin is forcefully pulled
low by external hardware such as an external switch.
In this case as in the case of other reset, the Program
Counter will reset to zero and program execution initiated from this point.
R E S
0 .4 V
0 .9 V
The Watchdog time-out Reset during Power Down is
a little different from other kinds of reset. Most of the
conditions remain unchanged except that the Program Counter and the Stack Pointer will be cleared to
²0² and the TO flag will be set to ²1². Refer to the A.C.
Characteristics for tSST details.
D D
W D T T im e - o u t
D D
tR
tS
S T D
S T
S S T T im e - o u t
S S T T im e - o u t
WDT Time-out Reset during Power Down
Timing Chart
In te rn a l R e s e t
RES Reset Timing Chart
Reset Initial Conditions
The different types of reset described affect the reset
flags in different ways. These flags, known as PDF and
TO are located in the status register and are controlled
by various microcontroller operations, such as the
Power Down function or Watchdog Timer. The reset
flags are shown in the table:
· Low Voltage Reset - LVR
The microcontroller contains a low voltage reset circuit in order to monitor the supply voltage of the device. The LVR function is selected via a configuration
option. If the supply voltage of the device drops to
within a range of 0.9V~VLVR such as might occur when
changing the battery, the LVR will automatically reset
the device internally. For a valid LVR signal, a low supply voltage, i.e., a voltage in the range between
0.9V~VLVR must exist for a time greater than that specified by tLVR in the A.C. characteristics. If the low supply voltage state does not exceed this value, the LVR
will ignore the low supply voltage and will not perform
a reset function. The actual VLVR value can be selected via configuration options.
TO PDF
L V R
tR
RESET Conditions
0
0
RES reset during power-on
0
1
RES wake-up during Power Down
u
u
RES reset during normal operation
1
u
WDT time-out reset during normal operation
1
1
WDT time-out reset during Power Down
Note: ²u² stands for unchanged
S T D
S S T T im e - o u t
The following table indicates the way in which the various components of the microcontroller are affected after
a power-on reset occurs.
In te rn a l R e s e t
Low Voltage Reset Timing Chart
Item
· Watchdog Time-out Reset during Normal Operation
Condition After RESET
Program Counter
Reset to zero
Interrupts
All interrupts will be disabled
WDT
Clear after reset, WDT begins
counting
S S T T im e - o u t
Timer/Event
Counter
Timer Counter will be turned off
In te rn a l R e s e t
Prescaler
The Timer Counter Prescaler will
be cleared
WDT Time-out Reset during Normal Operation
Timing Chart
Input/Output Ports I/O ports will be setup as inputs
The Watchdog Time-out Reset during normal operation is the same as a hardware RES pin reset except
that the Watchdog time-out flag TO will be set to ²1².
W D T T im e - o u t
tR
S T D
Stack Pointer
Rev. 1.20
26
Stack Pointer will point to the top
of the stack
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
The different kinds of resets all affect the internal registers of the microcontroller in different ways. To ensure reliable
continuation of normal program execution after a reset occurs, it is important to know what condition the microcontroller
is in after a particular reset occurs. The following table describes how each type of reset affects the microcontroller internal registers.
Register
Reset
(Power-on)
WDT Time-out
RES Reset
(Normal Operation) (Normal Operation)
RES Reset
(HALT)
WDT Time-out
(HALT)*
MP0
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
MP1
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
ACC
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PCL
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000
TBLP
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TBLH
-xxx xxxx
-uuu uuuu
-uuu uuuu
-uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu
WDTS
---- -111
---- -111
---- -111
---- -111 ---- -uuu
(for HT82K70E-L/A-L )
---- 0111
---- 0111
---- 0111
---- 0111 ---- uuuu
STATUS
--00 xxxx
--1u uuuu
--uu uuuu
--01 uuuu --11 uuuu
INTC0
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000
-000 0000 -uuu uuuu
TMR0H
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
(for HT82K76E-L)
WDTS
TMR0L
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
TMR0C
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
00-0 1000 uu-u uuuu
TMR1H
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMR1L
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
TMR1C
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
00-0 1000
00-0 1000 uu-u uuuu
PA
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PAC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PB
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PBC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PCC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PD
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PDC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PE
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PEC
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PF
---- -111
---- -111
---- -111
---- -111 uuuu uuuu
PFC
---- -111
---- -111
---- -111
---- -111 uuuu uuuu
INTC1
---0 ---0
---0 ---0
---0 ---0
---0 ---0 ---u ---u
TBHP
xxxx xxxx
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
SBCR
0110 0000
0110 0000
0110 0000
0110 0000 uuuu uuuu
SBDR
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
WSR
CTLR
0000 0000
uuuu 0000
uuuu 0000
uuuu 0000 uuuu uuuu
0000 x000
0000 x000
0000 x000
0000 x000
uuuu xuu0
0000 x000
0000 x000
0000 x000
0000 x000
uuuu xuuu
(for HT82K76E-L)
CTLR
(for HT82K70E-L/A-L )
Note:
uuuu uuuu
²*² means ²warm reset²
²-² not implemented
²u² means ²unchanged²
²x² means ²unknown²
Rev. 1.20
27
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
V
Oscillator
There are two oscillator circuits contained within the device. The first is the system oscillator which utilises an
external crystal or RC and the second is the Watchdog
timer oscillator which is fully integrated and requires no
external components.
D D
2 7 k W ~ 7 5 0 k W
O S C 1
4 7 0 p F
fS
Y S
/4 N M O S O p e n D r a in
System Clock Configurations
O S C 2
RC Oscillator
There are two oscillator mode Crystal and RC. For Crystal mode no built-in capacitor between OSC1, OSC2
and GND. The simple connection of a crystal across
OSC1 and OSC2 will create the necessary phase shift
and feedback for oscillation, without requiring external
capacitors. However, for some crystal types and frequencies, to ensure oscillation, it may be necessary to
add two small value capacitors, C1 and C2. Using a ceramic resonator will usually require two small value capacitors, C1 and C2, to be connected as shown for
oscillation to occur. The values of C1 and C2 should be
selected in consultation with the crystal or resonator
manufacturer's specification. In most applications, resistor R1 is not required, R1 may be necessary to ensure the oscillator stops running when VDD falls below
its operating range.
More information regarding the oscillator is located in
Application Note HA0075E on the Holtek website.
Watchdog Timer Oscillator
The WDT oscillator is a fully self-contained free running
on-chip RC oscillator with a typical period of 65ms at 5V
requiring no external components. When the device enters the Power Down Mode, the system clock will stop
running but the WDT oscillator continues to free-run and
to keep the watchdog active. However, to preserve
power in certain applications the WDT oscillator can be
disabled via a configuration option.
Power Down Mode and Wake-up
Power Down Mode
External RC Oscillator
All of the Holtek microcontrollers have the ability to enter
a Power Down Mode. When the device enters this mode,
the normal operating current, will be reduced to an extremely low standby current level. This occurs because
when the device enters the Power Down Mode, the system oscillator is stopped which reduces the power consumption to extremely low levels, however, as the device
maintains its present internal condition, it can be woken
up at a later stage and continue running, without requiring
a full reset. This feature is extremely important in application areas where the microcontroller must have its power
supply constantly maintained to keep the device in a
known condition but where the power supply capacity is
limited such as in battery applications.
Using the external system RC oscillator requires that a
resistor, with a value between 27kW and 750kW, is connected between OSC1 and VDD, and a capacitor is connected to ground. The generated system clock divided
by 4 will be provided on OSC2 as an output which can
be used for external synchronization purposes. Note
that as the OSC2 output is an NMOS open-drain type, a
pull high resistor should be connected if it to be used to
monitor the internal frequency. Although this is a cost effective oscillator configuration, the oscillation frequency
can vary with VDD, temperature and process variations
and is therefore not suitable for applications where timing is critical or where accurate oscillator frequencies
are required.For the value of the external resistor ROSC
refer to the Holtek website for typical RC Oscillator vs.
Temperature and VDD characteristics graphics. Note
that it is the only microcontroller internal circuitry together with the external resistor, that determine the frequency of the oscillator. The external capacitor shown
on the diagram does not influence the frequency of oscillation.
Entering the Power Down Mode
There is only one way for the device to enter the Power
Down Mode and that is to execute the ²HALT² instruction in the application program. When this instruction is
executed, the following will occur:
· The system oscillator will stop running and the appli-
cation program will stop at the ²HALT² instruction.
· The Data Memory contents and registers will maintain
C 1
O S C 1
their present condition.
· The WDT will be cleared and resume counting if the
R 1
WDT clock source come from the WDT oscillator. The
WDT will stop if its clock source originates from the
system clock.
O S C 2
C 2
Crystal/Ceramic Oscillator
· The I/O ports will maintain their present condition.
· In the status register, the Power Down flag, PDF, will be
set and the Watchdog time-out flag, TO, will be cleared.
Rev. 1.20
28
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Standby Current Considerations
When a PA0/PA1 or PB0/PB1 wake up occurs, bits in the
WSR register can be read to know which pin changed
first.
As the main reason for entering the Power Down Mode
is to keep the current consumption of the microcontroller
to as low a value as possible, perhaps only in the order
of several micro-amps, there are other considerations
which must also be taken into account by the circuit designer if the power consumption is to be minimised.
If the system is woken up by an interrupt, then two possible situations may occur. The first is where the related
interrupt is disabled or the interrupt is enabled but the
stack is full, in which case the program will resume execution at the instruction following the ²HALT² instruction.
In this situation, the interrupt which woke-up the device
will not be immediately serviced, but will rather be serviced later when the related interrupt is finally enabled or
when a stack level becomes free. The other situation is
where the related interrupt is enabled and the stack is
not full, in which case the regular interrupt response
takes place. If an interrupt request flag is set to ²1² before entering the Power Down Mode, the wake-up function of the related interrupt will be disabled.
Special attention must be made to the I/O pins on the
device. All high-impedance input pins must be connected to either a fixed high or low level as any floating
input pins could create internal oscillations and result in
increased current consumption. Care must also be
taken with the loads, which are connected to I/O pins,
which are setup as outputs. These should be placed in a
condition in which minimum current is drawn or connected only to external circuits that do not draw current,
such as other CMOS inputs.
No matter what the source of the wake-up event is, once
a wake-up situation occurs, a time period equal to 1024
system clock periods will be required before normal system operation resumes. However, if the wake-up has
originated due to an interrupt, the actual interrupt subroutine execution will be delayed by an additional one or
more cycles. If the wake-up results in the execution of
the next instruction following the ²HALT² instruction, this
will be executed immediately after the 1024 system
clock period delay has ended.
If the configuration options have enabled the Watchdog
Timer internal oscillator then this will continue to run
when in the Power Down Mode and will thus consume
some power. For power sensitive applications it may be
therefore preferable to use the system clock source for
the Watchdog Timer.
Wake-up
After the system enters the Power Down Mode, it can be
woken up from one of various sources listed as follows:
· An external reset
Low Voltage Detector - LVD
· An external falling edge on any of the I/O pins
· A system interrupt
The Low Voltage Detector internal function provides a
means for the user to monitor when the power supply
voltage falls below a certain fixed level as specified in
the DC characteristics.
· A WDT overflow
If the system is woken up by an external reset, the device will experience a full system reset, however, if the
device is woken up by a WDT overflow, a Watchdog
Timer reset will be initiated. Although both of these
wake-up methods will initiate a reset operation, the actual source of the wake-up can be determined by examining the TO and PDF flags. The PDF flag is cleared by a
system power-up or executing the clear Watchdog
Timer instructions and is set when executing the ²HALT²
instruction. The TO flag is set if a WDT time-out occurs,
and causes a wake-up that only resets the Program
Counter and Stack Pointer, the other flags remain in
their original status.
Operation
The LVD enable/disable control bit is bit 4 of the CTLR
register. Under normal operation, and when the power
supply voltage is above the specified VLVD value, specified by the LVD_sel bits in the CTLR register, the Low
battery bit will remain at a zero value. If the power supply
voltage should fall below this VLVD value then the Low
battery bit will change to a high value indicating a low
voltage condition. Note that the Low battery bit is a
read-only bit. By polling the Low battery bit in the CTLR
register, the application program can therefore determine the presence of a low voltage condition.
Configuration options determine which pin or groups of
pins can be setup to permit a negative transition on the
pin to wake-up the system. When a Port pin wake-up occurs, the program will resume execution at the instruction following the ²HALT² instruction.
Rev. 1.20
29
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Watchdog Timer
Timer time-out, it is completely dependent upon the frequency the internal WDT oscillator.
The Watchdog Timer is provided to prevent program
malfunctions or sequences from jumping to unknown locations, due to certain uncontrollable external events
such as electrical noise. It operates by providing a device reset when the WDT counter overflows. The WDT
clock is supplied by its own internal dedicated internal
WDT oscillator or by the fSYS/4 clock source. Note that if
the WDT enable/disable configuration option has been
disabled, then any instruction relating to its operation
will result in no operation.
Under normal program operation, a WDT time-out will
initialise a device reset and set the status bit TO. However, if the system is in the Power Down Mode, when a
WDT time-out occurs, the TO bit in the status register
will be set and only the Program Counter and Stack
Pointer will be reset. Three methods can be adopted to
clear the contents of the WDT. The first is an external
hardware reset, which means a low level on the RES
pin, the second is using the watchdog software instructions and the third is via a HALT instruction.
The WDT enable/disable is controlled using a bit in the
CTLR register. The WDT clock source and clear instruction type are selected through configuration options.
However, it should be noted that the WDT oscillator
clock period can vary with VDD, temperature and process variations. Whether the WDT clock source is its
own internal WDT oscillator, it is further divided by an internal 6-bit counter and a clearable single bit counter to
give longer Watchdog time-outs. As the clear instruction
only resets the last stage of the divider chain, for this
reason the actual division ratio and corresponding
Watchdog Timer time-out can vary by a factor of two.
There are two methods of using software instructions to
clear the Watchdog Timer, one of which must be chosen
by configuration option. The first option is to use the single ²CLR WDT² instruction while the second is to use
the two commands ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2². For
the first option, a simple execution of ²CLR WDT² will
clear the WDT while for the second option, both ²CLR
WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² must both be executed to
successfully clear the WDT. Note that for this second
option, if ²CLR WDT1² is used to clear the WDT, successive executions of this instruction will have no effect,
only the execution of a ²CLR WDT2² instruction will
clear the WDT. Similarly after the ²CLR WDT2² instruction has been executed, only a successive ²CLR WDT1²
instruction can clear the Watchdog Timer.
The exact division ratio depends upon the residual value
in the Watchdog Timer counter before the clear instruction is executed. It is important to realise that as there
are no independent internal registers or configuration
options associated with the length of the Watchdog
C L R
W D T 1 F la g
C L R
W D T 2 F la g
C le a r W D T T y p e
C o n fig u r a tio n O p tio n
1 o r 2 In s tr u c tio n s
fS
Y S
/4
W D T O s c illa to r
C L R
W D T C lo c k S o u r c e
C o n fig u r a tio n O p tio n
6 - b it C o u n te r
(¸ 6 4 )
W D T C lo c k S o u r c e
C L R
7 - b it P r e s c a le r
8 -to -1 M U X
W S 0 ~ W S 2
W D T T im e - o u t
Watchdog Timer
b 7
b 0
W S 2
W S 1
W S 0
W D T S R e g is te r
W D T p r e s c a le r r a te s e le c t
W D T R a te
W S 0
W S 1
W S 2
D is a b le W D T
0
0
0
1 :1
1
0
0
1 :4
0
1
0
1 :8
1
1
0
1 :1 6
0
0
1
1 :3 2
1
0
1
1 :6 4
0
1
1
1 :1 2 8
1
1
1
N o t u s e d
Watchdog Timer Register for HT82K76E-L
Rev. 1.20
30
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
b 7
b 0
P S 2 R
W S 2
W S 1
W D T S R e g is te r
W S 0
W D T p r e s c a le r r a te s e le c t
W D T R a te
W S 0
W S 1
W S 2
D is a b le W D T
0
0
0
1 :1
1
0
0
1 :4
0
1
0
1 :8
1
1
0
1 :1 6
0
0
1
1 :3 2
1
0
1
1 :6 4
0
1
1
1 :1 2 8
1
1
1
P C
1 :
0 :
(C
o p
0 /P C 1
4 .7 k W
3 0 k W (
o n fig u r
tio n , th
r e s is to r s e le c t
d e fa u lt)
a tio n o p tio n e n a b le P C 0 ~ P C 3 p u ll- h ig h
a n th e b it s e ttin g s fo r th e e ffe c tiv e )
N o t u s e d
Watchdog Timer Register for HT82K70E-L and HT82K70A-L
Bit
Name
Description
7
Z2_WAKEUP
Read only bit.
1: Z2 changed before Z1
0: default
6
Z1_WAKEUP
Read only bit.
1: Z1 changed before Z2
0: default
5
V2_WAKEUP
Read only bit.
1: V2 changed before V1
0: default
4
V1_WAKEUP
Read only bit.
1: V1 changed before V2
0: default
3
SPI_EN
This bit control the shared PIN (SCS, SDI, SDO and SCK) is SPI or GPIO mode
1: SPI mode
0: IO mode (default)
2
SPI_CSEN
1: enable, this bit is used to enable/disable software CSEN function
0: disable, SCS define as GPIO (default)
1
CKEG
1: SPI first output the data immediately after the SPI is enable. And SPI output the data in
the falling edge(polarity=0) or rising edge (polarity=1); SPI read data in the in the rising
edge (polarity=0) or falling edge (polarity=1);
0: SPI output the data in the rising edge(polarity=0) or falling edge (polarity=1);
SPI read data in the in the falling edge(polarity=0) or rising edge (polarity=1); (default)
0
SPI_ CPOL
1: clock polarity rising
0: clock polarity falling (default)
Note: The Internal Register bit4~bit7 data will clear to zero after F/W read the register.
Wake-up Status Register - WSR
Rev. 1.20
31
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Bit
Name
Description
LVD_sel
To Selected low voltage detector level, Bit7, 6, 5 =
000: 1.0V
001: 1.2V
010: 1.4V
011: 2.0V
100: 2.4V
101: 2.7V
110: 3.0V or 1.8V, control by CTLR register bit 0
111: 3.3V or 2.2V, control by CTLR register bit 0
LVD_Rd_ctrl
To control the DC/DC to check the LVD voltage
1: enable LVD
0: disable LVD (default)
3
Low battery
Flag for battery low signal (error 5%)
1: battery voltage £ according LVD_sel voltage
0: battery voltage > according LVD_sel voltage
The user should wait at least 20ms after set LVD_rd_ctrl and then read the corresponding
voltage Low battery signal
2
WDTEN
To control the Watchdog timer
1: enable
0: disable
1
TMR1S
To selected Timer 1 source
1: WDT OSC
0: fSYS/4
Where WDTOSC is selected as TMR1 source. WDTOSC is always enabled.
0
LVD_mod
To selected LVD_sel=110 & 111 mode
1: 1.8V/2.2V
0: 3.0V/3.3V (default)
7~5
4
Control Register - CTLR for HT82K70E-L and HT82K70A-L
Bit
Name
Description
LVD_sel
To Selected low voltage detector level, Bit7, 6, 5 =
000: 1.0V
001: 1.2V
010: 1.4V
011: 2.0V
100: 2.4V
101: 2.7V
110: 3.0V
111: 3.3V
LVD_Rd_ctrl
To control the DC/DC to check the LVD voltage
1: enable LVD
0: disable LVD (default)
3
Low battery
Flag for battery low signal (error 5%)
1: battery voltage £ according LVD_sel voltage
0: battery voltage > according LVD_sel voltage
The user should wait at least 20ms after set LVD_rd_ctrl and then read the corresponding
voltage Low battery signal
2
WDTEN
To control the Watchdog timer
1: enable
0: disable
1
TMR1S
To selected Timer 1 source
1: WDT OSC
0: fSYS/4
Where WDTOSC is selected as TMR1 source. WDTOSC is always enabled.
0
¾
Unimplemented, read as ²0²
7~5
4
Control Register - CTLR for HT82K76E-L
Rev. 1.20
32
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
SPI Serial Interface
SPI Registers
The device include single SPI Serial Interfaces. The SPI
interface is a full duplex serial data link, originally designed by Motorola, which allows multiple devices connected to the same SPI bus to communicate with each
other. The devices communicate using a master/slave
technique where only the single master device can initiate a data transfer. A simple four line signal bus is used
for all communication.
There are three registers associated with the SPI Interface. These are the SBCR register which is the control
register and the SBDR which is the data register and
WSR low nibble byte which is the SPI mode control register. The SBCR register is used to setup the required
setup parameters for the SPI bus and also used to store
associated operating flags, while the SBDR register is
used for data storage.
SPI Interface Communication
The WSR register low nibble byte is used to select SPI
mode, clock polarity edge selection and SPI enable or
disable selection.
Four lines are used for SPI communication known as
SDI - Serial Data Input, SDO - Serial Data Output, SCK Serial Clock and SCS - Slave Select. Note that the condition of the Slave Select line is conditioned by the
CSEN bit in the SBCR control register. If the CSEN bit is
high then the SCS line is active while if the bit is low then
the SCS line will be in a floating condition. The following
timing diagram depicts the basic timing protocol of the
SPI bus.
D a ta B u s
S B D R
( R e c e iv e d D a ta R e g is te r )
D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0
M
S D O
U
X
B u ffe r
S B E N
M L S
M
In te r n a l B a u d R a te C lo c k
S C K
a n d , s ta rt
E N
a n d , s ta rt
C lo c k P o la r ity
U
X
M
S D O
S D I
U
X
T R F
C 0 C 1 C 2
M a s te r o r S la v e
A N D
In te r n a l B u s y F la g
S B E N
a n d , s ta rt
E N
W r ite S B D R
W r ite S B D R
S B E N
W C O L F la g
E n a b le /D is a b le
W r ite S B D R
S C S
M a s te r o r S la v e
S B E N
C S E N
SPI Block Diagram
Note:
WCOL: set by SPI cleared by users
CSEN: enable/disable chip selection function pin
master mode: 1/0 = with/without SCS output function
Slave mode: 1/0 = with/without SCS input control function
SBEN: enable/disable serial bus (0: initialise all status flags)
when SBEN=0, all status flags should be initialised
when SBEN=1, all SPI related function pins should stay at floating state
TRF: 1 = data transmitted or received, 0= data is transmitting or still not received
CPOL: I/O = clock polarity rising/falling edge: WSR register bit 0
If clock polarity set to rising edge (SPI_CPOL=1), serial clock timing follow SCK, otherwise (SPI_CPOL=0)
SCK is the serial clock timing.
Rev. 1.20
33
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
C K E G = 0
S B E N = 1 , C S E N = 0 a n d w r ite d a ta to S B D R
P A 4 /S C S
(S P I_ C S E N = 1 )
( if p u ll- h ig h e d )
S B E N = C S E N = 1 a n d w r ite d a ta to S B D R
P A 5 /S C K
(S P I_ C P O L = 0 )
P A 5 /S C K
(S P I_ C P O L = 1 )
P A 6 /S D I
D 7 /D 0
D 6 /D 1
D 5 /D 2
D 4 /D 3
D 3 /D 4
D 2 /D 5
D 1 /D 6
D 0 /D 7
P A 7 /S D O
D 7 /D 0
D 6 /D 1
D 5 /D 2
D 4 /D 3
D 3 /D 4
D 2 /D 5
D 1 /D 6
D 0 /D 7
C K E G = 1
S B E N = 1 , C S E N = 0 a n d w r ite d a ta to S B D R
P A 4 /S C S
(S P I_ C S E N = 1 )
( if p u ll- h ig h e d )
S B E N = C S E N = 1 a n d w r ite d a ta to S B D R
P A 5 /S C K
(S P I_ C P O L = 0 )
P A 5 /S C K
(S P I_ C P O L = 1 )
P A 6 /S D I
D 7 /D 0
D 6 /D 1
D 5 /D 2
D 4 /D 3
D 3 /D 4
D 2 /D 5
D 1 /D 6
D 0 /D 7
P A 7 /S D O
D 7 /D 0
D 6 /D 1
D 5 /D 2
D 4 /D 3
D 3 /D 4
D 2 /D 5
D 1 /D 6
D 0 /D 7
SPI Bus Timing
Rev. 1.20
34
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
SPI Operation
After Power on, the contents of the SBDR register will be
in an unknown condition while the SBCR register will default to the condition below:
All communication is carried out using the 4-line interface for both Master or Slave Mode. The timing diagram
shows the basic operation of the bus.
CKS M1 M0 SBEN MLS CSEN WCOL TRF
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
The SBEN bit in the SBCR register controls the SCS line
of the SPI interface. Setting this bit high, will enable the
SPI interface by allowing the SCS line to be active,
which can then be used to control the SPI interface. If
the SBEN bit is low, the SCS line will be in a floating condition and can therefore not be used for control of the
SPI interface. The SBEN bit in the SBCR register must
also be high which will place the SDI line in a floating
condition and the SDO line high. If in the Master Mode
the SCK line will be either high or low depending upon
the clock polarity configuration option. If in the Slave
Mode the SCK line will be in a floating condition. If SBEN
is low then the bus will be disabled and SCS, SDI, SDO
and SCK will all be in a floating condition.
0
Note that data written to the SBDR register will only be
written to the TXRX buffer, whereas data read from the
SBDR register will actual be read from the register.
SPI Bus Enable/Disable
To enable the SPI bus, SBEN should be set high, then
SCK, SDI, SDO and SCS lines should all be zero, then
wait for data to be written to the SBDR (TXRX buffer)
register. For the Master Mode, after data has been written to the SBDR (TXRX buffer) register then transmission or reception will start automatically. When all the
data has been transferred the TRF bit should be set. For
the Slave Mode, when clock pulses are received on
SCK, data in the TXRX buffer will be shifted out or data
on SDI will be shifted in.
To Disable the SPI bus SCK, SDI, SDO, SCS should be
floating.
b 7
C K S
b 0
M 1
M 0
S B E N
M L S
C S E N W C O L T R F
S B C R R e g is te r
T r a n s m itt/R e c e iv e fla g
0 : n o t c o m p le te
1 : tr a n s m is s io n /r e c e p tio n c o m p le te
W r ite c o llis io n b it
0 : c o llis io n fr e e
1 : c o llis io n d e te c te d
S e le c tio n s ig n a l e n a b le /d is a b le b it
0 : S C S flo a tin g
1 : e n a b le
M S B /L S B F ir s t B it
0 : L S B s h ift fir s t
1 : M S B s h ift fir s t
S e r ia l b u s e n a b le /d is a b le b it
0 : d is a b le
1 : e n a b le
M a s te r /S la
M 1
M 0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
v e /B a u d r a te b its
m a s
m a s
m a s
s la v
te r
te r
te r
e m
, b a
, b a
, b a
o d
e
u d ra te : fS
u d ra te : fS
u d ra te : fS
P I
P I/
P I/
4
1 6
C lo c k s o u r c e s e le c t b it
0 : f S P I= f S Y S / 4
1 : f S P I= f S Y S
SPI Interface Control Register
Rev. 1.20
35
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Step 2. Setup the M0 and M1 bits to 11 to select the
Slave Mode. The CKS bit is don¢t care.
Step 3. Setup the CSEN bit and setup the MLS bit to
choose if the data is MSB or LSB first,
this must be same as the Master device.
Step 4. Setup the SBEN bit in the SBCR control
register to enable the SPI interface.
Step 5. For write operations: write data to the SBCR
register, which will actually place the data into
the TXRX register, then wait for the master
clock and SCS signal. After this goto step 6.
For read operations: the data transferred in
on the SDI line will be stored in the TXRX
buffer until all the data has been received
at which point it will be latched into the SBDR
register.
Step 6. Check the WCOL bit, if set high then a
collision error has occurred so return to step5.
If equal to zero then go to the following step.
Step 7. Check the TRF bit or wait for an SPI serial bus
interrupt.
Step 8. Read data from the SBDR register
Step 9. Clear TRF
Step10. step 5
In the Master Mode, the Master will always generate the
clock signal. The clock and data transmission will be initiated after data has been written to the SBDR register.
In the Slave Mode, the clock signal will be received from
an external master device for both data transmission or
reception. The following sequences show the order to
be followed for data transfer in both Master and Slave
Mode:
· Master Mode
Step 1. Select the clock source using the CKS bit in
the SBCR control register
Step 2. Setup the M0 and M1 bits in the SBCR control
register to select the Master Mode and the
required Baud rate. Values of 00, 01 or 10 can
be selected.
Step 3. Setup the CSEN bit and setup the MLS bit to
choose if the data is MSB or LSB first,
this must be same as the Slave device.
Step 4. Setup the SBEN bit in the SBCR control
register to enable the SPI interface.
Step 5. For write operations: write the data to the
SBDR register, which will actually place the
data into the TXRX buffer. Then use the SCK
and SCS lines to output the data.
Goto to step 6.For read operations: the data
transferred in on the SDI line will be stored
in the TXRX buffer until all the data has been
received at which point it will be latched into
the SBDR register.
Step 6. Check the WCOL bit, if set high then a
collision error has occurred so return to step5.
If equal to zero then go to the following step.
Step 7. Check the TRF bit or wait for an SPI serial bus
interrupt.
Step 8. Read data from the SBDR register
Step 9. Clear TRF
Step10. step 5
SPI Configuration Options and Status Control
Several configuration options exist for the SPI Interface
function which must be setup during device programming.
One option is to enable the operation of the WCOL, write
collision bit, in the SBCR register. Another option exists to
select the clock polarity of the SCK line. A configuration
option also exists to disable or enable the operation of the
CSEN bit in the SBCR register. If the configuration option
disables the CSEN bit then this bit cannot be used to affect
overall control of the SPI Interface.
SPI include four pins , can share I/O mode status . The
status control combine with four bits for WSR and SBCR
register. Include SPI_CSEN , SPI_EN for WSR register
and CSEN, SBEN for SBCR register.
· Slave Mode
Step 1. The CKS bit has a don¢t care value in the
slave mode.
Control Bit for Register
SPI Share Function Pins Status
SPI_EN
SPI_CSEN
SBEN
CSEN
SCS
SCK
SDO
SDI
0
x
x
x
I/O mode
I/O mode
I/O mode
I/O mode
1
0
0
x
I/O mode
SPI mode (Z)
SPI mode (Z)
SPI mode (Z)
1
0
1
x
I/O mode
SPI mode
SPI mode
SPI mode (Z)
1
1
0
x
SPI mode (Z)
SPI mode (Z)
SPI mode (Z)
SPI mode (Z)
1
1
1
0
SPI mode (Z)
SPI mode
SPI mode
SPI mode (Z)
1
1
1
1
SPI mode
SPI mode
SPI mode
SPI mode (Z)
Note:
X: don¢t care
(Z) floating
Rev. 1.20
36
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Error Detection
Programming Considerations
The WCOL bit in the SBCR register is provided to indicate errors during data transfer. The bit is set by the Serial Interface but must be cleared by the application
program. This bit indicates a data collision has occurred
which happens if a write to the SBDR register takes
place during a data transfer operation and will prevent
the write operation from continuing. The bit will be set
high by the Serial Interface but has to be cleared by the
user application program. The overall function of the
WCOL bit can be disabled or enabled by a configuration
option.
When the device is placed into the Power Down Mode
note that data reception and transmission will continue.
The TRF bit is used to generate an interrupt when the
data has been transferred or received.
SPI Transfer Control FlowChart
A
S P I T ra n s fe r
W r ite D a ta in to
S B D R
C le a r W C O L
M a s te r
M a s te r o r
S la v e
[M 1 , M 0 ]= 0 0 , 0 1 ,1 0
S e le c t c lo c k [C K S ]
S la v e
Y e s
W C O L = 1 ?
[M 1 , M 0 ]= 1 1
N o
N o
C o n fig u r e
C S E N a n d M L S
T r a n s m is s io n
C o m p le te d ?
(T R F = 1 ? )
Y e s
S B E N = 1
re a d d a ta fro m
S B D R
A
c le a r T R F
T ra n s fe r
F in is h e d ?
N o
Y e s
E N D
SPI Transfer Control Flowchart
Rev. 1.20
37
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Configuration Options
Item
Options
I/O Options
1
PA pull-high: enable or disable by bit
2
PB, PC, PD, PE, PF0~PF2 pull-high: enable or disable by nibble
3
PB, PC, PD, PE, PF0~PF2: Schmitt Trigger or Non-Schmitt Trigger by nibble
4
PA wake-up: enable or disable by bit
5
PB0, PB1 wake-up: enable or disable by bit
6
PB2~PB7, PC, PD, PE, PF0~PF2 wake-up: enable or disable by nibble
7
PA input type Schmitt Trigger and Non-Schmitt Trigger by bit
8
PE4 function option: PE4 as battery LVD input or PE4 as GPIO (default)
9
Output slew rate select: 0ns, 50ns, 100ns or 200ns
10
PA, NMOS or CMOS by bit
11
TBHP: enable or disable
Oscillator Options
12
OSC type selection: RC or crystal
Watchdog Options
13
CLRWDT instructions: one or two instructions
14
WDT Clock Source: fSYS/4 or WDT oscillator
Application Circuits
1
2
3
4
5
P B 6
P B 4
P B 7
P A 3 /T M R 1
P A 4 /S C S
P A 2 /T M R 0
P A 5 /S C K
P A 1 /Z 2
6
P A 0 /Z 1
7
P B 3
8
9
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
Rev. 1.20
P B 5
P A 6 /S D I
P A 7 /S D O
P F 2
P B 2
P F 7
P B 1 /V 2
P E 6
P B 0 /V 1
P E 5
P F 1
O S C 2
P F 0
O S C 1
P D 7
V D D
P D 6
R E S
P D 5
P E 4 /B A T
P D 4
P D 3
V S S
P D 2
P E 2
P D 1
P E 3
P D 0
P C 0
P C 7
P C 1
P C 6
P C 2 /IN T
P C 5
P E 0
P C 4
P E 1
P C 3
38
4 8
4 7
V
D D
4 6
4 5
4 4
1 0 m F
0 .1 m F
4 3
4 2
4 1
V
D D
4 0
3 9
3 8
R e s e t
3 7
1 0 0 k W
0 .1 m F
3 6
3 5
3 4
3 3
3 2
B a tte ry
3 1
3 0
2 9
2 8
2 7
2 6
2 5
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Instruction Set
sure correct handling of carry and borrow data when results exceed 255 for addition and less than 0 for subtraction. The increment and decrement instructions
INC, INCA, DEC and DECA provide a simple means of
increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values
in the destination specified.
Introduction
C e n t ra l t o t he s uc c es s f ul oper a t i on o f a n y
microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of program instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to
perform certain operations. In the case of Holtek
microcontrollers, a comprehensive and flexible set of
over 60 instructions is provided to enable programmers
to implement their application with the minimum of programming overheads.
Logical and Rotate Operations
The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR
and CPL all have their own instruction within the Holtek
microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most
instructions involving data manipulation, data must pass
through the Accumulator which may involve additional
programming steps. In all logical data operations, the
zero flag may be set if the result of the operation is zero.
Another form of logical data manipulation comes from
the rotate instructions such as RR, RL, RRC and RLC
which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or
left. Different rotate instructions exist depending on program requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for
serial port programming applications where data can be
rotated from an internal register into the Carry bit from
where it can be examined and the necessary serial bit
set high or low. Another application where rotate data
operations are used is to implement multiplication and
division calculations.
For easier understanding of the various instruction
codes, they have been subdivided into several functional groupings.
Instruction Timing
Most instructions are implemented within one instruction cycle. The exceptions to this are branch, call, or table read instructions where two instruction cycles are
required. One instruction cycle is equal to 4 system
clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system
oscillator, most instructions would be implemented
within 0.5ms and branch or call instructions would be implemented within 1ms. Although instructions which require one more cycle to implement are generally limited
to the JMP, CALL, RET, RETI and table read instructions, it is important to realize that any other instructions
which involve manipulation of the Program Counter Low
register or PCL will also take one more cycle to implement. As instructions which change the contents of the
PCL will imply a direct jump to that new address, one
more cycle will be required. Examples of such instructions would be ²CLR PCL² or ²MOV PCL, A². For the
case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if the result of the comparison involves a skip operation then
this will also take one more cycle, if no skip is involved
then only one cycle is required.
Branches and Control Transfer
Program branching takes the form of either jumps to
specified locations using the JMP instruction or to a subroutine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the
sense that in the case of a subroutine call, the program
must return to the instruction immediately when the subroutine has been carried out. This is done by placing a
return instruction RET in the subroutine which will cause
the program to jump back to the address right after the
CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP instruction, the
program simply jumps to the desired location. There is
no requirement to jump back to the original jumping off
point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special
and extremely useful set of branch instructions are the
conditional branches. Here a decision is first made regarding the condition of a certain data memory or individual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the program
will continue with the next instruction or skip over it and
jump to the following instruction. These instructions are
the key to decision making and branching within the program perhaps determined by the condition of certain input switches or by the condition of internal data bits.
Moving and Transferring Data
The transfer of data within the microcontroller program
is one of the most frequently used operations. Making
use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be
transferred from registers to the Accumulator and
vice-versa as well as being able to move specific immediate data directly into the Accumulator. One of the most
important data transfer applications is to receive data
from the input ports and transfer data to the output ports.
Arithmetic Operations
The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and
data manipulation is a necessary feature of most
microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek
microcontroller instruction set are a range of add and
subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary
arithmetic to be carried out. Care must be taken to en-
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Bit Operations
Other Operations
The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Memory is an extremely flexible feature of all Holtek
microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for
output port bit programming where individual bits or port
pins can be directly set high or low using either the ²SET
[m].i² or ²CLR [m].i² instructions respectively. The feature removes the need for programmers to first read the
8-bit output port, manipulate the input data to ensure
that other bits are not changed and then output the port
with the correct new data. This read-modify-write process is taken care of automatically when these bit operation instructions are used.
In addition to the above functional instructions, a range
of other instructions also exist such as the ²HALT² instruction for Power-down operations and instructions to
control the operation of the Watchdog Timer for reliable
program operations under extreme electric or electromagnetic environments. For their relevant operations,
refer to the functional related sections.
Instruction Set Summary
The following table depicts a summary of the instruction
set categorised according to function and can be consulted as a basic instruction reference using the following listed conventions.
Table Read Operations
Table conventions:
Data storage is normally implemented by using registers. However, when working with large amounts of
fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconvenient to store the fixed data in the Data Memory. To overcome this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an
area of Program Memory to be setup as a table where
data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instructions provides the means by which this fixed data can be
referenced and retrieved from the Program Memory.
Mnemonic
x: Bits immediate data
m: Data Memory address
A: Accumulator
i: 0~7 number of bits
addr: Program memory address
Description
Cycles
Flag Affected
1
1Note
1
1
1Note
1
1
1Note
1
1Note
1Note
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
Z, C, AC, OV
C
1
1
1
1Note
1Note
1Note
1
1
1
1Note
1
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
1
1Note
1
1Note
Z
Z
Z
Z
Arithmetic
ADD A,[m]
ADDM A,[m]
ADD A,x
ADC A,[m]
ADCM A,[m]
SUB A,x
SUB A,[m]
SUBM A,[m]
SBC A,[m]
SBCM A,[m]
DAA [m]
Add Data Memory to ACC
Add ACC to Data Memory
Add immediate data to ACC
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
Add ACC to Data memory with Carry
Subtract immediate data from the ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory
Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory
Logic Operation
AND A,[m]
OR A,[m]
XOR A,[m]
ANDM A,[m]
ORM A,[m]
XORM A,[m]
AND A,x
OR A,x
XOR A,x
CPL [m]
CPLA [m]
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Logical AND immediate Data to ACC
Logical OR immediate Data to ACC
Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC
Complement Data Memory
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Increment & Decrement
INCA [m]
INC [m]
DECA [m]
DEC [m]
Rev. 1.20
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Increment Data Memory
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Decrement Data Memory
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Mnemonic
Description
Cycles
Flag Affected
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
1
1Note
None
None
C
C
None
None
C
C
Move Data Memory to ACC
Move ACC to Data Memory
Move immediate data to ACC
1
1Note
1
None
None
None
Clear bit of Data Memory
Set bit of Data Memory
1Note
1Note
None
None
Jump unconditionally
Skip if Data Memory is zero
Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Subroutine call
Return from subroutine
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Return from interrupt
2
1Note
1note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
1Note
2
2
2
2
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
2Note
2Note
None
None
No operation
Clear Data Memory
Set Data Memory
Clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Enter power down mode
1
1Note
1Note
1
1
1
1Note
1
1
None
None
None
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
TO, PDF
None
None
TO, PDF
Rotate
RRA [m]
RR [m]
RRCA [m]
RRC [m]
RLA [m]
RL [m]
RLCA [m]
RLC [m]
Data Move
MOV A,[m]
MOV [m],A
MOV A,x
Bit Operation
CLR [m].i
SET [m].i
Branch
JMP addr
SZ [m]
SZA [m]
SZ [m].i
SNZ [m].i
SIZ [m]
SDZ [m]
SIZA [m]
SDZA [m]
CALL addr
RET
RET A,x
RETI
Table Read
TABRDC [m]
TABRDL [m]
Miscellaneous
NOP
CLR [m]
SET [m]
CLR WDT
CLR WDT1
CLR WDT2
SWAP [m]
SWAPA [m]
HALT
Note:
1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required,
if no skip takes place only one cycle is required.
2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution.
3. For the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by
the execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both ²CLR WDT1² and
²CLR WDT2² instructions are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags
remain unchanged.
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Instruction Definition
ADC A,[m]
Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The
result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + [m] + C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADCM A,[m]
Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The
result is stored in the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + [m] + C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,[m]
Add Data Memory to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADD A,x
Add immediate data to ACC
Description
The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result is
stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC + x
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
ADDM A,[m]
Add ACC to Data Memory
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
AND A,[m]
Logical AND Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
AND A,x
Logical AND immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical AND
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
ANDM A,[m]
Logical AND ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
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CALL addr
Subroutine call
Description
Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then increments by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto the
stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution from this
new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruction.
Operation
Stack ¬ Program Counter + 1
Program Counter ¬ addr
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR [m]
Clear Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
Operation
[m] ¬ 00H
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR [m].i
Clear bit of Data Memory
Description
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.
Operation
[m].i ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
None
CLR WDT
Clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
CLR WDT1
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2 will have no
effect.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
CLR WDT2
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Description
The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1 will have no
effect.
Operation
WDT cleared
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 0
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
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CPL [m]
Complement Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits
which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
CPLA [m]
Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits
which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented result
is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
DAA [m]
Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory
Description
Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD ( Binary Coded Decimal) value resulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater than 9 or
if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the low nibble
remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set, then a value of
6 will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is performed by adding 00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag conditions. Only the C
flag may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the original BCD sum is
greater than 100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC + 00H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 06H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 60H or
[m] ¬ ACC + 66H
Affected flag(s)
C
DEC [m]
Decrement Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] - 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
DECA [m]
Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] - 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
HALT
Enter power down mode
Description
This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents
of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The
power down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared.
Operation
TO ¬ 0
PDF ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
TO, PDF
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INC [m]
Increment Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] + 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
INCA [m]
Increment Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] + 1
Affected flag(s)
Z
JMP addr
Jump unconditionally
Description
The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program
execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a dummy
instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ addr
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV A,[m]
Move Data Memory to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV A,x
Move immediate data to ACC
Description
The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ x
Affected flag(s)
None
MOV [m],A
Move ACC to Data Memory
Description
The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC
Affected flag(s)
None
NOP
No operation
Description
No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction.
Operation
No operation
Affected flag(s)
None
OR A,[m]
Logical OR Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
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OR A,x
Logical OR immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
ORM A,[m]
Logical OR ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
RET
Return from subroutine
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the restored address.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
Affected flag(s)
None
RET A,x
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the
specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
ACC ¬ x
Affected flag(s)
None
RETI
Return from interrupt
Description
The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the master interrupt global enable bit. If an interrupt was pending
when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be processed before returning to the main program.
Operation
Program Counter ¬ Stack
EMI ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
None
RL [m]
Rotate Data Memory left
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit
0.
Operation
[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
[m].0 ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
None
RLA [m]
Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit
0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
ACC.0 ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
None
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RLC [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7
replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0.
Operation
[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
[m].0 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
C
RLCA [m]
Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces
the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result is stored in
the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)
ACC.0 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].7
Affected flag(s)
C
RR [m]
Rotate Data Memory right
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into
bit 7.
Operation
[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
[m].7 ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
RRA [m]
Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data
Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
ACC.7 ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
RRC [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0
replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7.
Operation
[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
[m].7 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
C
RRCA [m]
Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is
stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)
ACC.7 ¬ C
C ¬ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
C
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SBC A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result
of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or
zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - [m] - C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SBCM A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is
positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC - [m] - C
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SDZ [m]
Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0 the
following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while
the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program
proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] - 1
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SDZA [m]
Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified
Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not
0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] - 1
Skip if ACC = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SET [m]
Set Data Memory
Description
Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ FFH
Affected flag(s)
None
SET [m].i
Set bit of Data Memory
Description
Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.
Operation
[m].i ¬ 1
Affected flag(s)
None
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SIZ [m]
Skip if increment Data Memory is 0
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while
the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program
proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
[m] ¬ [m] + 1
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SIZA [m]
Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the
following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified
Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not
0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m] + 1
Skip if ACC = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SNZ [m].i
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0
Description
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two
cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m].i ¹ 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SUB A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC
Description
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result
is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will
be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SUBM A,[m]
Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory
Description
The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result
is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will
be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC - [m]
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
SUB A,x
Subtract immediate data from ACC
Description
The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will
be set to 1.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC - x
Affected flag(s)
OV, Z, AC, C
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49
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
SWAP [m]
Swap nibbles of Data Memory
Description
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged.
Operation
[m].3~[m].0 « [m].7 ~ [m].4
Affected flag(s)
None
SWAPA [m]
Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC
Description
The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. The
result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.
Operation
ACC.3 ~ ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 ~ [m].4
ACC.7 ~ ACC.4 ¬ [m].3 ~ [m].0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZ [m]
Skip if Data Memory is 0
Description
If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As
this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a
two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZA [m]
Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC
Description
The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is
zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the
program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
ACC ¬ [m]
Skip if [m] = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
SZ [m].i
Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0
Description
If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two
cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.
Operation
Skip if [m].i = 0
Affected flag(s)
None
TABRDC [m]
Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Description
The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is
moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
TABRDL [m]
Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory
Description
The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is
moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.
Operation
[m] ¬ program code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
None
Rev. 1.20
50
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
XOR A,[m]
Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
XORM A,[m]
Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory
Description
Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.
Operation
[m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]
Affected flag(s)
Z
XOR A,x
Logical XOR immediate data to ACC
Description
Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical XOR
operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.
Operation
ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x
Affected flag(s)
Z
Rev. 1.20
51
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Package Information
28-pin SSOP (150mil) Outline Dimensions
1 5
2 8
A
B
1
1 4
C
C '
G
H
D
E
Symbol
Dimensions in inch
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
0.228
¾
0.244
B
0.150
¾
0.157
C
0.008
¾
0.012
C¢
0.386
¾
0.394
D
0.054
¾
0.060
E
¾
0.025
¾
F
0.004
¾
0.010
G
0.022
¾
0.028
H
0.007
¾
0.010
a
0°
¾
8°
Symbol
A
Rev. 1.20
a
F
Dimensions in mm
Min.
Nom.
Max.
5.79
¾
6.20
B
3.81
¾
3.99
C
0.20
¾
0.30
C¢
9.80
¾
10.01
D
1.37
¾
1.52
E
¾
0.64
¾
F
0.10
¾
0.25
G
0.56
¾
0.71
H
0.18
¾
0.25
a
0°
¾
8°
52
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
48-pin SSOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
4 8
2 5
A
B
1
2 4
C
C '
G
H
D
E
Symbol
A
F
Dimensions in inch
Min.
Nom.
Max.
0.395
¾
0.420
B
0.291
¾
0.299
C
0.008
¾
0.012
C¢
0.613
¾
0.637
D
0.085
¾
0.099
E
¾
0.025
¾
F
0.004
¾
0.010
G
0.025
¾
0.035
H
0.004
¾
0.012
a
0°
¾
8°
Symbol
Rev. 1.20
a
Dimensions in mm
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
10.03
¾
10.67
B
7.39
¾
7.59
C
0.20
¾
0.30
C¢
15.57
¾
16.18
D
2.16
¾
2.51
E
¾
0.64
¾
F
0.10
¾
0.25
G
0.64
¾
0.89
H
0.10
¾
0.30
a
0°
¾
8°
53
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
SAW Type 32-pin (5mm´5mm) QFN Outline Dimensions
D
D 2
2 5
3 2
2 4
b
1
E
E 2
e
1 7
8
1 6
A 1
A 3
L
9
K
A
Symbol
Nom.
Max.
A
0.028
¾
0.031
A1
0.000
¾
0.002
A3
¾
0.008
¾
b
0.007
¾
0.012
D
¾
0.197
¾
E
¾
0.197
¾
e
¾
0.020
¾
D2
0.049
¾
0.128
E2
0.049
¾
0.128
L
0.012
¾
0.020
K
¾
¾
¾
Symbol
Rev. 1.20
Dimensions in inch
Min.
Dimensions in mm
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
0.70
¾
0.80
A1
0.00
¾
0.05
A3
¾
0.20
¾
b
0.18
¾
0.30
D
¾
5.00
¾
E
¾
5.00
¾
e
¾
0.50
¾
D2
1.25
¾
3.25
E2
1.25
¾
3.25
L
0.30
¾
0.50
K
¾
¾
¾
54
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
48-pin LQFP (7mm´7mm) Outline Dimensions
C
H
D
3 6
G
2 5
I
3 7
2 4
F
A
B
E
4 8
1 3
K
a
J
1
Symbol
A
Dimensions in inch
Min.
Nom.
Max.
0.350
¾
0.358
B
0.272
¾
0.280
C
0.350
¾
0.358
D
0.272
¾
0.280
E
¾
0.020
¾
F
¾
0.008
¾
G
0.053
¾
0.057
H
¾
¾
0.063
I
¾
0.004
¾
J
0.018
¾
0.030
K
0.004
¾
0.008
a
0°
¾
7°
Symbol
Rev. 1.20
1 2
Dimensions in mm
Min.
Nom.
Max.
A
8.90
¾
9.10
B
6.90
¾
7.10
C
8.90
¾
9.10
D
6.90
¾
7.10
E
¾
0.50
¾
F
¾
0.20
¾
G
1.35
¾
1.45
H
¾
¾
1.60
I
¾
0.10
¾
J
0.45
¾
0.75
K
0.10
¾
0.20
a
0°
¾
7°
55
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Product Tape and Reel Specifications
Reel Dimensions
D
T 2
A
C
B
T 1
SSOP 28S (150mil)
Symbol
Description
A
Reel Outer Diameter
B
Reel Inner Diameter
C
Dimensions in mm
330.0±1.0
100.0±1.5
13.0
Spindle Hole Diameter
D
Key Slit Width
T1
Space Between Flange
T2
Reel Thickness
+0.5/-0.2
2.0±0.5
16.8
+0.3/-0.2
22.2±0.2
SSOP 48W
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
A
Reel Outer Diameter
330.0±1.0
B
Reel Inner Diameter
100.0±0.1
C
Spindle Hole Diameter
D
Key Slit Width
T1
Space Between Flange
T2
Reel Thickness
Rev. 1.20
13.0
+0.5/-0.2
2.0±0.5
32.2
+0.3/-0.2
38.2±0.2
56
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Carrier Tape Dimensions
P 0
D
P 1
t
E
F
W
C
D 1
P
B 0
K 0
A 0
R e e l H o le
IC
p a c k a g e p in 1 a n d th e r e e l h o le s
a r e lo c a te d o n th e s a m e s id e .
SSOP 28S (150mil)
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
16.0±0.3
W
Carrier Tape Width
P
Cavity Pitch
8.0±0.1
E
Perforation Position
1.75±0.1
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
D
Perforation Diameter
1.55+0.10/-0.00
D1
Cavity Hole Diameter
1.50+0.25/-0.00
P0
Perforation Pitch
4.0±0.1
P1
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
2.0±0.1
A0
Cavity Length
6.5±0.1
B0
Cavity Width
10.3±0.1
K0
Cavity Depth
2.1±0.1
7.5±0.1
t
Carrier Tape Thickness
0.30±0.05
C
Cover Tape Width
13.3±0.1
Rev. 1.20
57
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Carrier Tape Dimensions
P 0
D
P 1
t
E
F
W
D 1
C
B 0
K 1
P
K 2
A 0
R e e l H o le ( C ir c le )
IC
p a c k a g e p in 1 a n d th e r e e l h o le s
a r e lo c a te d o n th e s a m e s id e .
R e e l H o le ( E llip s e )
SSOP 48W
Symbol
Description
Dimensions in mm
W
Carrier Tape Width
32.0±0.3
P
Cavity Pitch
16.0±0.1
E
Perforation Position
1.75±0.10
F
Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)
14.2±0.1
D
Perforation Diameter
D1
Cavity Hole Diameter
2 Min.
P0
Perforation Pitch
4.0±0.1
P1
Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)
2.0±0.1
A0
Cavity Length
12.0±0.1
B0
Cavity Width
16.2±0.1
K1
Cavity Depth
2.4±0.1
K2
Cavity Depth
3.2±0.1
1.50
+0.25/-0.00
t
Carrier Tape Thickness
0.35±0.05
C
Cover Tape Width
25.5±0.1
Rev. 1.20
58
February 1, 2011
HT82K70E-L/HT82K70A-L/HT82K76E-L
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters)
No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Tel: 886-3-563-1999
Fax: 886-3-563-1189
http://www.holtek.com.tw
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office)
4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan
Tel: 886-2-2655-7070
Fax: 886-2-2655-7373
Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline)
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shenzhen Sales Office)
5F, Unit A, Productivity Building, No.5 Gaoxin M 2nd Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China 518057
Tel: 86-755-8616-9908, 86-755-8616-9308
Fax: 86-755-8616-9722
Holtek Semiconductor (USA), Inc. (North America Sales Office)
46729 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538
Tel: 1-510-252-9880
Fax: 1-510-252-9885
http://www.holtek.com
Copyright Ó 2011 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC.
The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used
solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable
without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life
due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices
or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information,
please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw.
Rev. 1.20
59
February 1, 2011