ar y n i im prel iC-GE PWM RELAY/SOLENOID DRIVER Rev A0.6, Page 1/11 FEATURES APPLICATIONS ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ PWM drive for inductive loads (e.g. 6/12 V relays, electrovalves) from 24 V ♦ Relay low-/high-side switch ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Current control for inductive actuators at 24 V (10 to 36 V) High efficient current control up to 1 A Power saving and power dissipation reduced switching Individual setting of energising and hold current Monitoring of coil current, supply voltage and temperature Status indication via LED or logic output Contact conserving switching of relays synchronous to the mains Shutdown with overtemperature and undervoltage Fast demagnetising due to 15 V countervoltage High PWM frequency mit frequency spreading for low EMI Energising time of 50 ms prolongable with external capacitor PACKAGES QFN16 4 x 4 BLOCK DIAGRAM VB CVB LED DIAG VB SYNC iC-GE SW EN RM IACT IHOLD RACT RHOLD TACT LSW 0.01..10H GND CACT GND Copyright © 2011 iC-Haus http://www.ichaus.com ar y n i im prel iC-GE PWM RELAY/SOLENOID DRIVER Rev A0.6, Page 2/11 DESCRIPTION iC-GE is a PWM driver for inductive loads, such as relay coils, solenoid valves and other inductive loads. is provided by the internal oscillator. Varying this frequency between 70 kHz and 90 kHz reduces the EMI. The setpoints for the coil’s energising and hold current are preset by means of external resistors RACT and RHOLD. These currents can be set in a range from 100 mA to 1 A. The iC-GE intrinsically switches from energising to hold mode after 50 ms provided that the set energising current has been reached. A capacitor at TACT prolongs the time before the switch to hold mode occurs. The device is shutdown by a Low signal at input EN or the removal of the power supply; the current reduction in the coil is supported by the changeover of the free-wheeling circuit. The Zener diode now active permits higher free-wheeling voltages and thus a quicker demagnetising of the coil. The changeover between energising and hold modes is suitable for typical relay drives which require a powerful initial energising current which can then be reduced after closing the air gap in a magnetic circuit. The quadratic dependence on the current intensity means that cutting the current by halv reduces the power dissipation by ca. 75%. Using PWM the output current is controlled to the values set at RACT and RHOLD. The internal flyback diode maintains the current during the switching pauses. The switching frequency of ca. 80 kHz The status indicator LED is constantly ON when hold mode is functioning correctly and flashes with low voltage, excessive temperature or when the coil current in energise mode has not reached the setpoint. The driver output is shutdown with low voltage or excessive temperature. Alternatively to using an LED output DIAG signals the correct operating by outputting a high signal. The input signal at EN can be synchronised with the zero crossing at input SYNC. Thus by using an external R/C network, the switching of the coil can be synchronised with the load current of e.g. the relay. PACKAGES SO8, PDIP8 to JEDEC PIN CONFIGURATION QFN16 4 mm x 4 mm 16 15 14 13 12 1 2 11 TP 3 10 4 9 5 6 7 8 PIN FUNCTIONS No. Name Function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 EN GND GND GND SW SW SW VB VB VB DIAG SYNC RM Enable Input Ground Ground Ground PWM Output PWM Output PWM Output +10...36 V Supply Voltage +10...36 V Supply Voltage +10...36 V Supply Voltage Status Output Sync Input Reference Ground for RACT and RHOLD 14 TACT Energising Time Prolongation 15 IHOLD Hold Current Setup 16 IACT Energising Current Setup iC-GE PWM RELAY/SOLENOID DRIVER ar y n i im prel Rev A0.6, Page 3/11 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Beyond these values damage may occur; device operation is not guaranteed. Item No. Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. Max. G001 V(VB) Voltage at VB -0.3 37 V G002 I(VB) Current in VB -1100 6 mA G003 V(SW) Voltage at OUT G004 I(SW) Output Current in OUT G005 V(DIAG) G006 I(DIAG) -0.3 53 V -6 1100 mA Voltage at LED -0.3 37 V Current in LED -6 8 mA G007 V(IACT) Voltage at ISET -0.3 7 V G008 I(IACT) Current in ISET -6 6 mA G009 V(IHOLD) Voltage at IHOLD -0.3 7 V G010 I(IHOLD) Current in IHOLD -6 6 mA G011 V(EN) Voltage at IN -0.3 37 V G012 I(EN) Current in IN -6 6 mA G013 V(SYNC) Voltage at SYNC -7 37 V G014 I(SYNC) Current in SYNC -6 6 mA G015 V(TACT) Voltage at TACT -0.3 7 V G016 I(TACT) Current in TACT -6 6 mA G017 V(RM) Voltage at RM -0.3 1 V G018 I(RM) Current in RM -6 6 mA G019 VD() Susceptibility to ESD at all pins 2 kV G020 Tj Junction Temperature -40 150 °C G021 Ts Storage Temperature -40 150 °C HBM 100 pf discharged through 1.5 kΩ THERMAL DATA Operating Conditions: VB = 10...36 V, LSW = 0.01...10 H, RACT = 5...50 kΩ, RHOLD = 5...50 kΩ Item No. T01 T02 Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. Ta Rthja Operating Ambient Temperature Range Thermal Resistance Chip/Ambient Typ. -40 Mounted to a PCB, therm. PAD at ca. 2 cm² copper area All voltages are referenced to ground unless otherwise stated. All currents flowing into the device pins are positive; all currents flowing out of the device pins are negative. 30 Max. 85 °C 40 K/W iC-GE PWM RELAY/SOLENOID DRIVER ar y n i im prel Rev A0.6, Page 4/11 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating Conditions: VB = 10...36 V, LSW = 0.01...10 H, RACT = 5...50 kΩ, RHOLD = 5...50 kΩ, Tj = -40...125 °C. Item No. Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. Typ. Max. Total Device 001 VB Permissible Supply Voltage Range 10 36 002 I(VB) Supply Current in VB EN < 0.8 V 20 µA 003 I(VB) Supply Current in VB EN = hi 0.5 4 mA 004 Vc()lo Clamp Voltage lo at all Pins except SYNC I() = -4 mA, other Pins open -1.4 -0.3 V 005 Vc()lo Clamp Voltage lo an SYNC I() = -4 mA, andere Pins offen -7 V 006 Vc()hi Clamp Voltage hi at VB, EN, DIAG, SYNC I() = 4 mA, other Pins open 37 V 007 Vc()hi Clamp-Voltage hi at IACT, IHOLD, I() = 4 mA, other pins open TACT 7 V 008 Vc()hi 009 Vc()hi Clamp-Spannung hi an SW I(OUT) = 4 mA, other Pins open 10 5 V V 17 V Driver Output SW 101 Vs()lo Saturation Voltage lo I(SW) = 1000 mA (see Figure 1) 600 mV 102 Vs()lo Saturation Voltage lo I(SW) = 100 mA (see Figure 1) 100 mV 103 I(SW) PWM-Current Range 100 1000 mA 104 Isc() Short-circuit Current V(SW) = VB 1.1 4 A 105 Vc()hi Clamp Voltage hi at PWM-FreeWheeling Vc()hi = V(SW) − VB; EN = hi, I(SW) = 1000 mA (see Figure 1) 600 mV 106 Vc()hi Clamp Voltage hi at PWM-FreeWheeling Vc()hi = V(SW) − VB; EN = hi, I(SW) = 100 mA (see Figure 1) 100 mV 107 Vc()off Clamp Voltage hi at Turn-off Vc()hi = V(SW) − VB; EN: hi → lo, I(SW) = 1000 mA (see Figure 1) 17 V 108 IIK() Leakage Current EN = lo, V(SW) = 0...VB 10 µA 109 twon()min Minimum PWM Turn-on Duration EN = hi, I(SW) > I(SW)act resp. I(SW)hold (see Figure 1) 250 1000 ns V 12 15 1 Input EN 201 Vt()on Threshold Voltage hi 1.1 1.4 202 Vt()off Threshold Voltage lo 0.8 1.1 V 203 Vt()hys Hysteresis Vt()hys = Vt()on − Vt()off 200 400 mV 204 Ipd() Pull-down Current V(EN) = 0.8...36 V 20 µA 205 tp(VB-SW) Turn-on Delay after power-up EN = VB, VB = VBoff → VBon 40 µs 206 tp(EN-SW) Turn-on Delay EN: lo → hi until SW active 30 µs 207 tp(EN-SW) Turn-off Delay EN: hi → lo until SW inactive 10 µs 208 tp(ENDIAG) 20 µs Delay Time from EN to DIAG = hi no error or LED permanently on Status Monitor DIAG 401 Ipd() Pull-down Current 402 VBlo Permissible Supply Voltage for LED operation at DIAG V(DIAG) = 6 V...VB, SW active, no error 3 403 V()hi Hi-Level at DIAG 404 f() Frequency on Error 405 Vs()lo Saturation Voltage lo I(DIAG) = 200 µA, without LED 406 Ipu() Pull-up Current V(DIAG) = 0 ...4 V 407 VBon Turn-on Threshold at VB V(DIAG): lo → hi 408 VBoff Undervoltage Threshold at VB Decreasing voltage VB, V(DIAG): hi → lo 409 VBhys Hysteresis VBhys = VBon − VBoff 200 410 Toff Thermal Shutdown Temperature 411 Ton Thermal Release Temperature Decreasing temperature 412 Thys Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis Thys = Toff − Ton 10 5 6 without LED 4.5 8 mA 36 V 6.5 V 1.8 2.4 3.6 Hz 0.4 V -120 -100 -80 µA 8 8.5 9 V 7.5 8 8.5 V 500 800 mV 140 170 °C 120 150 °C 30 °C 20 iC-GE PWM RELAY/SOLENOID DRIVER ar y n i im prel Rev A0.6, Page 5/11 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating Conditions: VB = 10...36 V, LSW = 0.01...10 H, RACT = 5...50 kΩ, RHOLD = 5...50 kΩ, Tj = -40...125 °C. Item No. Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Min. Typ. Max. Referenz IACT and IHOLD 701 V() Reference Voltage at IACT and IHOLD 1.21 1.27 1.33 V 702 Isc() Short-Circuit Current in IACT and V(ISET) = 0 V or V(IHOLD) = 0 V IHOLD -4.5 -3.5 -2.5 mA 703 K1 Transfer Value for Energising Current RACT = K1 / I(SW)act I(SW)act = 100...1000 mA 4500 5000 5500 ΩA 704 K2 Transfer Value for Hold Current RHOLD = K2 / I(SW)hold I(SW)hold = 100...1000 mA 4500 5000 5500 ΩA 50 60 ms 1 1.2 ms/nF Energising Time Prolongation TACT C01 tpPWMlo Propagation Delay from EN = hi to changeover from IACT to IHOLD TACT not connected (ssee Figure 1) 40 C02 K3 Energising Time Prolongation tpPWM = tpPWMlo + K3 ∗ CACT 0.8 C03 Vth()tact Threshold at TACT C04 Ipu() Pull-up Current at TACT V(TACT) = 0.1...1.1 V C05 Ipd() Pull-down Current at TACT V(TACT) = 0.1...1.1 V, after crossing Threshold at TACT C06 Vs() Saturation Voltage at TACT I(TACT) = 10 µA 1.27 V 1.2 µA 0.3 3.5 20 mA mV Oscillator J01 fosc Mean Oscillator Frequency (fmax + fmin) / 2 60 J02 df Frequency Variation (fmax - fmin) / (2∗fosc) 12 V(SYNC) = -3 V ... 3 V 80 120 kHz 15 % -20 20 mV -100 100 nA Synchronisation SYNC S01 Vth()sync Trigger Threshold at SYNC S02 Ilk() Leakage Current iC-GE PWM RELAY/SOLENOID DRIVER ar y n i im prel Rev A0.6, Page 6/11 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Diagrams Figure 1: Operation modes energise, hold, turn-off tmag ≈ I(SW )act × LSW VB (1) tdmag ≈ I(SW )hold × LSW Vc (SW − VB)off (2) ar y n i im prel iC-GE PWM RELAY/SOLENOID DRIVER Rev A0.6, Page 7/11 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Setting the coil current The following equations can be given for the energise and hold modes of the PWM control using Electrical Characteristics Nos. 703 resp. 704: RACT = RHOLD = K1 I(SW )act (3) K2 I(SW )hold (4) Example For a relay with a starting current of 200 mA and 100 mA hold current the following applies: RACT = 5 k ΩA = 25 k Ω 0.2 A (5) 5 k ΩA = 50 kΩ 0.1 A RHOLD = (6) Application circuits 10..36V 10..36V LED LED DIAG DIAG VB VB SYNC SYNC CVB 100nF CVB 100nF iC-GE iC-GE SW SW EN EN RM IACT RACT 5k IHOLD TACT RM GND IACT RACT 5k RHOLD 10k GND IHOLD TACT GND RHOLD 10k GND Figure 2: Activation by switching VB RACT = 5 kΩ for 1 A energising current and RHOLD = 10 kΩ for 500 mA hold current Figure 3: Activation by switching GND 10..36V 10..36V LED DIAG DIAG DIAG VB SYNC SYNC CVB 100nF EN CVB 100nF iC-GE iC-GE SW EN RM VB IACT RACT 5k IHOLD TACT EN GND RM RHOLD 10k GND Figure 4: Activation via EN feedback from DIAG with 5 V logic levels SW EN IACT RACT 5k IHOLD RHOLD 10k TACT GND CACT 470nF GND Figure 5: 470 nF for 470 ms energising time prolongation ar y n i im prel iC-GE PWM RELAY/SOLENOID DRIVER Rev A0.6, Page 8/11 10..36V LED 10..36V DIAG VB SYNC CVB 100nF LED iC-GE DIAG SW EN RM IACT RACT 5k IHOLD SYNC CVB 100nF GND TACT VB RHOLD 10k iC-GE SW EN RM IACT RACT 5k IHOLD TACT GND RHOLD 10k GND GND Figure 6: High-side driver for relays with freewheeling diode Figure 7: Low-side driver for relays with free-wheeling diode CSN 10P ACN CSP 10P 10..36V The benefit from synchronous switching may be utilised, if the switching times are short and reproducible. LED CVB 100nF DIAG VB 50Hz RS SYNC CSG 1nF 100K RSG 2MEG V(AC) RL iC-GE Time ACP SW EN EN RM IACT RACT 5k IHOLD TACT GND RHOLD 10k V(EN) Time GND Figure 8: Utilising the SYNC input V(SYNC) By means of resistors RS* and capacitors CS* a phase shifted signal at SYNC is derived from the 50 Hz load supply. Thus the relay is activated resp. deactivated with zero crossing of the load supply after sworking EN. The phase shift is used to compensate the switching delay of the relay so that the load can be switched at zero current. Time IACT IHOLD I(SW ) Time I(RL) Time TRelon Figure 9: Utilising the SYNC input iC-GE PWM RELAY/SOLENOID DRIVER ar y n i im prel Rev A0.6, Page 9/11 Application example with four relays of equal acceleration REL# N d VBLn VBLmin VBLmax ISWn Ri Rimax PvLn Relay type No. of turns Wire diameter Nominal coil supply voltage Minimum required supply voltage 75% of VBLn Maximum allowed supply voltage VBLn + 25% Nominal coil current Coil resistance at room temperature Elevated coil resistance at 80 °C Power dissipation in the coil VBLn2 / Ri REL1 6000 0.2 24 18 30 208 115.4 155 5 REL2 REL3 REL4 3000 1500 3000 0.28 0.4 0.4 mm 12 6 6 V 9 4.5 4.5 V 15 7.5 7.5 V 416 832 416 mA 28.8 7.2 14.4 Ω 38.8 9.7 19.4 Ω 5 5 2.5 W Table 4: Manufacturer data Imin Energising current VBLmin / RImax, for sure switching of the realy at high temperature and low power supply RACT Calculation: RACT = K1min / Imin = 4500 / Imin, the selected resistor must be smaller then the calculated value ISWmax Maximum current is ISWmax = K1max / RACT = 5500 / RACT VBLact Maximum voltage at coil Rimax ∗ ISWmax Vs Saturation voltage Characteristics No. 101 and No. 102 interpolated, Vs()lo ∗ ISWmax / 1000 mA VBmin Minimum supply voltage at iC-GE VBLact + Vs VBmax Maximum supply voltage at iC-GE Pv Power dissipation at PWM Vs / VBLact IVB Average current in VB for PWM at 24 V VB ISWmax ∗ VBLact / 24 V ∗ (1 + Pv) PvL Power dissipation in the coil Rimax ∗ ISWmax2 PvLhold Power dissipation at reduced hold current IHOLD of e.g. 2/3 ∗ IACT 116 232 464 232 mA 38.8 19.4 9.7 19.4 kΩ 142 22.0 0.1 284 11.0 0.2 567 5.5 0.4 284 5.5 0.2 mA V V 22.1 36 0.5 131 11.2 36 1.8 133 10 36 7.3 139 10 36 3.6 68 V V % mA 3.12 1.39 3.12 1.39 3.12 1.39 1.56 0.7 W W Table 5: iC-GE application REL1 would be a standard 24 V relay. It could only be used with iC-GE, if operation at 22.1 V can be guaranteed. REL2 and REL3 are 6/12 V standard relays and thus optimal usable with iC-GE at a 24 V supply voltage. REL4 is optimised for low power dissipation, since the coils has twice the number of turns than REL3 and a √ 2 wider diameter than REL2. Thus the power dissipation in the coil is halved. By means of the optimised power control e.g. with a permanently-on 24 V mains-insulation relay of photovoltaic or heating systems up to (5 W − 0.7 W ) ∗ 24 h ∗ 365 days = 37.7 kWh may be saved per year. Figure 10: Energy savings iC-GE PWM RELAY/SOLENOID DRIVER ar y n i im prel Rev A0.6, Page 10/11 iC-Haus expressly reserves the right to change its products and/or specifications. An info letter gives details as to any amendments and additions made to the relevant current specifications on our internet website www.ichaus.de/infoletter; this letter is generated automatically and shall be sent to registered users by email. Copying – even as an excerpt – is only permitted with iC-Haus’ approval in writing and precise reference to source. iC-Haus does not warrant the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the specification and does not assume liability for any errors or omissions in these materials. The data specified is intended solely for the purpose of product description. No representations or warranties, either express or implied, of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or of any other nature are made hereunder with respect to information/specification or the products to which information refers and no guarantee with respect to compliance to the intended use is given. In particular, this also applies to the stated possible applications or areas of applications of the product. iC-Haus conveys no patent, copyright, mask work right or other trade mark right to this product. iC-Haus assumes no liability for any patent and/or other trade mark rights of a third party resulting from processing or handling of the product and/or any other use of the product. As a general rule our developments, IPs, principle circuitry and range of Integrated Circuits are suitable and specifically designed for appropriate use in technical applications, such as in devices, systems and any kind of technical equipment, in so far as they do not infringe existing patent rights. In principle the range of use is limitless in a technical sense and refers to the products listed in the inventory of goods compiled for the 2008 and following export trade statistics issued annually by the Bureau of Statistics in Wiesbaden, for example, or to any product in the product catalogue published for the 2007 and following exhibitions in Hanover (Hannover-Messe). We understand suitable application of our published designs to be state-of-the-art technology which can no longer be classed as inventive under the stipulations of patent law. Our explicit application notes are to be treated only as mere examples of the many possible and extremely advantageous uses our products can be put to. iC-GE PWM RELAY/SOLENOID DRIVER ar y n i im prel Rev A0.6, Page 11/11 ORDERING INFORMATION Type Package Order Designation iC-GE QFN16 4 mm x 4 mm iC-GE QFN16 4x4 For technical support, information about prices and terms of delivery please contact: iC-Haus GmbH Am Kuemmerling 18 D-55294 Bodenheim GERMANY Tel.: +49 (61 35) 92 92-0 Fax: +49 (61 35) 92 92-192 Web: http://www.ichaus.com E-Mail: [email protected] Appointed local distributors: http://www.ichaus.com/sales_partners