PT7675—5 V 30-A 5-Bit Programmable Integrated Switching Regulator SLTS186A - FEBRUARY 2003 - REVISED JUNE 2003 Features • 5 V Input Voltage • 30 A Output Current • 5-bit Programmable Output: 1.075 V to 1.85 V • 89 % Efficiency • Differential Remote Sense • Over-Current Protection • • • • • Description Over-Temperature Protection 27-Pin Solderable Copper Case 1.57 in² PCB Area (‘N’ Suffix) Surface Mountable IPC Lead-Free 2 Ordering Information The PT7675 Excalibur™ high performance integrated switching regulator (ISR) is rated for up to 30 A. Housed in a 27-pin, space-saving, solderable copper package, the PT7675 delivers a higher output current than many modules of similar size. This makes it an ideal choice where both a high output current and minimum board space are desirable. The PT7675 operates from a +5-V input bus and produces a tightly regulated output voltage that is programmable over the range, 1.075 V to 1.85 V. The output voltage set-point is selected via a 5-bit input code, which is compatible with the specification for VRM 9.0. The PT7675 is most suitable for powering high-end DSP, ASIC, and microprocessor circuits that require core or I/O logic supply voltages as low as 1.075 V. Other features include output shortcircuit and over-temperature protection, a standby control, and a differential remote sense to compensate for voltage drop between the regulator and load. The PT7675 is also pin compatible with the 20-A rated PT7715. PT7675o = 1.075 to 1.85 Volts PT Series Suffix (PT1234 x ) Case/Pin Order Configuration Suffix Vertical Horizontal SMD N A C Package Code (ENE) (ENF) (ENG) (Reference the applicable package code drawing for the dimensions and PC board layout) Standard Application VID0 VID1 VID2 VID3 VID4 PROGRAMMING PINS SENSE(+) 6 4 3 2 1 26 L1 VIN 7–11 1 µH CIN + 5 13–19 VOUT 20–25 PT7675 12 L O A D + COUT GND GND STBY SENSE(–) Cin = Required 1500 µF electrolytic Cout = Required 330 µF electrolytic L 1 = Optional 1 µH input choke For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com PT7675—5 V 30-A 5-Bit Programmable Integrated Switching Regulator SLTS186A - FEBRUARY 2003 - REVISED JUNE 2003 Pin-Out Information Programming Information Pin Function Pin Function 1 VID0 15 GND 2 VID1 16 GND 3 VID2 17 GND 4 5 VID3 STBY * 18 19 GND GND 6 VID4 20 7 Vin Vin Vin 21 Vout Vout 22 23 Vout Vout Vin Vin 24 11 25 Vout Vout 12 13 Sense(–) GND 26 27 Sense(+) Do not connect 14 GND 8 9 10 * For STBY pin: VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 VID4=1 Vout 1.075 V 1.100 V 1.125 V 1.150 V 1.175 V 1.200 V 1.225 V 1.250 V 1.275 V 1.300 V 1.325 V 1.350 V 1.375 V 1.400 V 1.425 V 1.450 V VID4=0 Vout 1.475 V 1.500 V 1.525 V 1.550 V 1.575 V 1.600 V 1.625 V 1.650 V 1.675 V 1.700 V 1.725 V 1.750 V 1.775 V 1.800 V 1.825 V 1.850 V Logic 0 = Pin 12 potential; Sense(– ) Logic 1 = Open circuit (no pull-up resistors) VID4 must not be changed while the unit is operating. open =output enabled ground =output disabled. Pin Descriptions Vin: The positive input voltage power node to the module, which is referenced to common GND. VID4, must be either connected to ‘Sense(–)’ or left open circuit. GND: This is the common ground connection for the ‘Vin’ and ‘Vout’ power connections. It is also the 0 VDC reference for the ‘STBY’ control input. Vout: The regulated positive power output with respect to the GND node. The set point voltage at this node is defined by the status of the pins VID0 through VID4. STBY*: The STBY pin is an open-collector/drain negative logic input that is referenced to GND. Applying a lowlevel ground signal to this input disables the module’s output and places the regulator in “standby” mode. When in standby, the input current drawn by the regulator is significantly reduced. If the STBY input is left opencircuit, the module will produce an output whenever a valid input source is applied. Sense(+): Provides the regulator with the capability to regulate the set-point voltage at the load. When used with ‘Sense(–)’, the regulation circuitry will compensate for voltage drop between the converter and the load. This pin may be left open circuit, but connecting it to ‘Vout’ will improve load regulation. VID0–VID4: Selects the set-point output voltage of the regulator according to the applicable program code (See programming information). Each input, VID0 through Sense(–): This is the logic ‘0’ reference for the inputs VID0 through VID4. It also provides the regulator with a differential remote sense capability when used with the ‘Sense(+)’ input. For optimum output voltage accuracy this pin should always be connected to GND. For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com PT7675—5 V 30-A 5-Bit Programmable Integrated Switching Regulator SLTS186A - FEBRUARY 2003 - REVISED JUNE 2003 Specifications (Unless otherwise stated, Ta =25 °C, Vin =5 V, Cin =1,500 µF, Cout =330 µF, Vo =1.8 V, and Io =Iomax) ADVANCE INFORMATION PT7675 Characteristics Symbols Conditions Min Output Current Io Ta = 60 °C, 200LFM, pkg N Ta = 25 °C, Natural convection Typ Max Units 0 0 — — 30 29 A Input Voltage Range Vin Over Io range 4.5 — 5.5 Set-Point Voltage Tolerance Vo tol All output voltages — ±10 ±25 Temperature Variation Regtemp –40 °C ≤Ta ≤+85 °C, I o =Io min — ±1 — %Vo Line Regulation Regline Over Vin range — ±5 — mV Load Regulation Regload Over Io range — ±5 — mV Total Output Voltage Variation ∆Vo tol Includes set-point, line, load, –40°C ≤T a ≤+85°C — ±1.5 ±2.5 %Vo Efficiency η Io =15 A Vo =1.8 V Vo =1.5 V Vo =1.2 V — — — 89 87 85 — — — % Io =30 A Vo =1.8 V Vo =1.5 V Vo =1.2 V — — — 84 82 79 — — — % mVpp V (1) mV Vo Ripple (pk-pk) Vr 20 MHz bandwidth — 40 — Transient Response ttr 1 A/µs load step, 50 % and 100 % Io max — 25 — µSec Vos Vo over/undershoot — ±200 (2) — mV Over-Current Threshold I TRIP Reset followed by auto-recovery — 38 — A Switching Frequency ƒs Over Vin range 250 300 350 kHz STBY* Input Requirements Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage Input Low Current VIH VIL I IL Referenced to GND 2.0 -0.2 — — — –0.3 Open (3) 0.8 — mA Standby Input Current Iin standby Pin 5 to GND External Input Capacitance C in Pin 5 to GND V — 6 — mA 1,500 — — µF 330 External Capacitance Cout — 15,000 µF Operating Temperature Range Ta Over Vin Range –40 — 85 (5) °C Solder Reflow Temperature Treflow Surface temperature of module pins or case — — 215 (6) °C Storage Temperature Ts — –40 — 125 °C Reliability MTBF Per Bellcore TR-332 50 % stress, Ta =40 °C, ground benign 3.4 — — 106 Hrs Mechanical Shock — Per Mil-STD-883D, Method 2002.3 1 msec, Half Sine, mounted to a fixture — 500 — G’s Mechanical Vibration — Mil-STD-883D, Method 2007.2 20-2000 Hz — — 20 20 — — G’s Weight — Vertical/Horizontal — 36 — grams Flammability — Materials meet UL 94V-0 Suffixes A Suffix C, N (4) (7) (7) Notes: (1) If the remote sense ground is not used, pin 12 must be connected to pin 13 for optimum output voltage accuracy. (2) The transient response may be improved by placing additional capacitors with low equivalent series resistance (ESR) on the output. (3) The STBY* control (pin 5) has an internal pull-up. If it is left open-circuit, the module will operate when input power is applied. A low-leakage (<1 µA) MOSFET must be used to control this pin. The open-circuit voltage may be as high as Vin. (4) For operation below 0 °C, Cin and Cout must have stable characteristics. Use either low ESR tantalum or Oscon® capacitors. (5) See safe Operating Area curves or consult factory for the appropriate derating. (6) During reflow of SMD package version do not elevate the module case, pins, or internal component temperatures above a peak of 215 °C. For further guidance refer to the application note, “Reflow Soldering Requirements for Plug-in Power Surface Products,” (SLTA051). (7) The case pins on the through-hole package types (suffixes N & A) must be soldered. For more information see the applicable package outline drawing. External Capacitors: The regulator require a minimum output capacitance of 330 µF for proper operation. An input capacitance of 1500 µF is also required. This must be rated for a minimum of 1.1 Arms of ripple current. For transient or dynamic load applications, additional capacitance may be required. For further information refer to the application note regarding capacitor selection for this product. Input Filter: An input filter inductor is optional for most applications. The inductor must be sized to handle 30 ADC with a typical value of 1 µH. For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com Typical Characteristics PT7675—5 V 30-A 5-Bit Programmable Integrated Switching Regulator SLTS186A - FEBRUARY 2003 - REVISED JUNE 2003 Performance Characteristics, Vin =5 V (See Note A) Safe Operating Area Curves (See Note B) PT7675, VIN =5 VDC, VOUT =1.2 V Efficiency vs Output Current 90 100 Ambient Temperature (°C) 80 90 Efficiency - % VOUT 80 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V 70 60 Airflow 70 400LFM 200LFM 100LFM Nat conv 60 50 40 30 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 20 30 0 Iout - Amps 5 10 15 20 25 30 Iout (A) Ripple vs Output Current ADVANCE INFORMATION 100 80 Ripple - mV VOUT 60 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Iout - Amps Power Dissipation vs Output Current 12 Pd - Watts 10 VOUT 8 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V 6 4 2 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Iout - Amps Note A: All characteristic data in the above graphs has been developed from actual products tested at 25°C. This data is considered typical for the ISR. Note B: SOA curves represent operating conditions at which internal components are at or below manufacturer’s maximum rated operating temperatures. For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com Application Notes PT7670 Series Operating Features and System Considerations for the PT7670 Series of ISRs Power up & Soft-Start Timing Following either the application of a valid input source voltage, or the removal of a ground signal to the STBY control pin (with input power applied), the regulator will initiate a soft-start power up. The soft start slows the rate at which the output voltage rises, and also introduces a short time delay of approx. 10ms. Figure 1-1 shows the power-up characteristic of a PT7671 with a 15-A load, and with the output voltage programmed to 3.3 V. Figure 1-1 Vo (2V/Div) Iin (10A/Div) Vin (2V/Div) HORIZ SCALE: 10ms/Div Over-Current Protection To protect against load faults, the PT7670 series of regulators incorporates output over-current protection. Applying a load that exceeds the regulator’s over-current threshold (see data sheet specifications) will cause the regulated output to shut down. Following shutdown the ISR will periodically attempt to recover by initiating a soft-start power-up. This is often described as a “hiccup” mode of operation, whereby the module continues in the cycle of successive shutdown and power up until the load fault is removed. During this period, the average current flowing into the fault is significantly reduced. Once the fault is removed, the converter automatically recovers and returns to normal operation. sense pins disconnected will not damage the regulator. An internal 15 Ω resistor, connected between each sense pin and its corresponding output node, keeps the output voltage in regulation. If the remote sense feature is not used it is important to at least connect the Sense(–) pin to GND locally, as this provides a return path for the regulator’s internal bias currents. With the sense leads connected, the difference between the voltage measured between the Vout and GND pins, and that measured between the Sense(+) and Sense(–) pins, is the amount of IR drop being compensated by the regulator. This should be limited to 0.6 V. (0.3 V maximum between pins 25 & 26, and also between pins 12 & 13). Note: The remote sense feature is not designed to compensate for the forward drop of non-linear or frequency dependent components that may be placed in series with the converter output. Examples include OR-ing diodes, filter inductors, ferrite beads, and fuses. When these components are enclosed by the remote sense connections they are effectively placed inside the regulation control loop, which can adversely affect the stability of the regulator. Over-Temperature Protection The PT7670 series of ISRs incorporates an on-board temperature sensor, which protects the module’s internal circuitry against excessively high temperatures. A rise in the temperature of the internal components may be the result of a drop in airflow, or a high ambient temperature. If the module’s internal temperature exceeds its OTP threshold (see data sheet specifications), the regulator output is disabled and the output voltage is reduced to zero. The recovery is automatic, and begins with a softstart power up. It occurs when the the sensed temperature decreases by about 10 °C below the trip point. Note: The over-temperature protection is a last resort mechanism to prevent thermal stress to the regulator. Operation at or close to the thermal shutdown temperature is not recommended and will reduce the long-term reliability of the module. Always operate the regulator within the specified Safe Operating Area (SOA) limits for the worst-case conditions of ambient temperature and airflow. Differential Remote Sense Connecting the Sense(+) and Sense(-) pins to the load circuit allows the regulator to compensate for limited amounts of ‘IR’ voltage drop. This voltage drop is caused by current flowing through the trace resistance between the power converter and the ‘point of regulation’ some distance away. Although not recommended, leaving the For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com Application Notes PT7670 Series Capacitor Recommendations for the PT7670 Series of 30-A Switching Regulators Input Capacitor: The recommended input capacitor is determined by a minimum of 1,500 µF of capacitance with a ripple current rating of 1.1 Arms. Ripple current and <100 mΩ equivalent series resistance (ESR) values are the major considerations, along with temperature, when designing with different types of capacitors. Tantalum capacitors have a recommended minimum voltage rating of twice 2 × (the maximum DC voltage + AC ripple). This is necessary to insure reliability for input voltage bus applications. Output Capacitors: The ESR of the required capacitors is less than 100 mΩ. Electrolytic capacitors have marginal ripple performance at frequencies greater than 400 kHz but excellent low frequency transient response. Above the ripple frequency, ceramic capacitors are necessary to improve the transient response and reduce any high frequency noise components apparent during higher current excursions. Preferred low ESR type capacitor part numbers are identified in Table 2-1. Tantalum Capacitors( Optional Output Capacitors) Tantalum type capacitors can be used for the output but only the AVX TPS, Sprague 593D/594/595, or Kemet T495/T510 series. These capacitors are recommended over many other tantalum types due to their higher rated surge, power dissipation, and ripple current capability. As a caution the TAJ series by AVX is not recommended. This series has considerably higher ESR, reduced power dissipation, and lower ripple current capability. The TAJ series is also less reliable than the AVX TPS series when determining power dissipation capability. Tantalum or Oscon® types are recommended for applications where ambient temperatures fall below 0 °C. Capacitor Table Table 2-1 identifies the characteristics of capacitors from a number of vendors with acceptable ESR and ripple current (rms) ratings. The number of capacitors required at both the input and output buses is identified for each capacitor type. This is not an extensive capacitor list. Capacitors from other vendors are available with comparable specifications. Those listed are for guidance. The RMS ripple current rating and ESR (at 100 kHz) are critical parameters necessary to insure both optimum regulator performance and long capacitor life. Table 2-1: Input/Output Capacitors Capacitor Vendor/ Series Capacitor Characteristics Quantity Working Voltage Value(µF) (ESR) Equivalent Series Resistance Maximum Ripple Current @105 °C (Irms) Physical Size (mm) Input Bus Output Bus Panasonic FK (SMT) 25 V 35 V 2200 330 0.038 Ω 0.080 Ω 1800 mA 850 mA 16×16.5 10×10.2 1 — 1 1 EEVFK1E222M EEVFK1V331P FC (Radial) 16 V 16 V 470 1500 0.090 Ω 0.043 Ω 755 mA 1690 mA 10×12.5 16×15 — 1 1 1 EEUFC1C471 EEUFC1C152S 25 V 16 V 10 V 330 1500 680 0.090 Ω 0.038 Ω 0.015 Ω 760 mA 1660 mA 4735 mA 10×12.5 12.5×20 10×10.5 — 1 2 1 1 1 LXZ25VB331M10X12LL LXZ16VB152M12X20LL 10FX680M NX (SMT) 25 V 10 V 10 V 390 1500 330 0.080 Ω 0.050 Ω 0.024 Ω 720 mA 1330 mA 3770 mA 12.5×15 16×15 10×8 — 1 5 1 1 1 UPL1E391MHH6 UPL1A152MHH6 PNX1A331MCR1GS Os-con SP (Radial) SVP (SMT) 10 V 10 V 470 330 0.015 Ω 0.017 Ω >4510 mA >3950 mA 10×10.5 9×12×8.3 3 4 1 1 10SP470M 10SVP330M AVX Tanatalum TPS- Series 10 V 10 V 330 330 0.10 Ω 0.06 Ω 1414 mA 1826 mA 7.3L×4.3W ×4.1H 5 5 1 1 TPSV337M010R0100 TPSV337M010R0060 Sprague Tantalum 595D/594D 10 V 10 V 330 680 0.045÷4 =0.011 Ω 0.09 Ω >4500 mA >1510 mA 7.3L×5.7W ×4.0H 5 2 1 1 594D337X0010R2T 595D687X0010R2T Kemet Tantalum T510/T495 (SMT) 10 V 10 V 330 220 0.035 Ω 0.07÷2 =0.035 Ω 2000 mA >2000 mA 4.3W×7.3L ×4.0H 5 6 1 2 510X337M010AS T495X227M010AS Sanyo Poscap TPB (SMT) 10 V 220 0.04 Ω 3000 mA 7.2L ×4.3W ×3.1H 6 2 10TPB220M United Chemi -Con LXZ FX Nichicon PL Series Vendor Number For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com Application Notes PT7670 Series Using the Standby Function on the PT7670 Series of 30-A Switching Regulators For applications requiring On/Off control of the output voltage, the 30-A rated PT7670 series of Excalibur ISRs incorporate an on/off “Standby” function. This feature may be used for power-up/shutdown sequencing, or to change the output voltage while input power is applied. See related notes: “Pin-Coded Output Voltage Adjustment of the PT7670 Series of 30-A ISRs.” The standby function is provided by the STBY* control, pin 5. If pin 5 is left open-circuit the regulator operates normally, providing a regulated output whenever a valid supply voltage is applied to Vin (pins 7-11) with respect to GND (pins 13-19). Connecting pin 5 to ground 1 will disable the regulator output 2. This places the regulator in standby mode, and reduces the input current to typically 6mA. If a ground signal is applied to pin 5 prior to powerup, the regulator output will remain inactive during the period that input power is applied. The standby input must be controlled with an opencollector (or open-drain) discrete transistor (See Figure 3-1). Table 3-1 gives the input requirements. 2V –0.2 V 3. When the ground signal to the Standby pin is removed, the regulator output initiates a soft-start cycle by first asserting a low impedance to ground. If an external voltage is applied to the output bus, it will sink current and possibly over-stress the part. 4. The turn-off time of Q1, or rise time of the standby input is not critical. Turning Q1 off slowly will not affect regulator operation. However, a slow turn-off time will increase both the initial delay and rise-time of the output voltage. Turn-On Time: Turning Q1 in Fig. 3-1 off, removes the low-voltage signal at pin 5 and enables the output 3. After a delay of less than 5 ms, the output voltage rises to full regulation within 30 ms 4. Fig. 3-2 shows the typical output voltage waveform of a PT7671 following the turn-off of Q1 at time t =0 secs. In the circuit of Fig. 3-1, the output voltage is set to 3.3 V. The waveform was measured with a +5-V input source voltage, and 15-A output load. Figure 3-2 Table 3-1 Standby Control Input Requirements Parameter Min Typ Max Enable Disable Istby (low) Vstby (o/c) 2. In the standby mode the output of the regulator is tristate, and the output voltage falls at the rate that the load circuit discharges the output filter capacitors. Open Cct. 0.8 V 0.5 mA 1 Vo (2V/Div) Vin Iin (5A/Div) Notes: 1. The Standby input of the PT7670 series of regulators should be controlled using an open-collector (or opendrain) discrete transistor. Do Not use a pull-up resistor. The control input has an open-circuit voltage equal to Vin. To set the regulator output to zero, the control pin must be “pulled” to less than 0.8Vdc with a 0.5mA sink to ground. Vstby (5V/Div) HORIZ SCALE: 5ms/Div Figure 3-1 26 Senes(+) 4 3 2 1 VID3 - VID0 7–11 5V PT7671 Vin STBY 5 GND 13–19 Vo 20–25 Senes(–) 12 + + C in Inhibit V o =3.3 V C out L O A D Q1 BSS138 COM For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com COM Application Notes PT7670 Series Pin-Coded Output Voltage Adjustment of the PT7670 Series of 30-A Switching Regulators 4. If active devices are used to ground the voltage control pins, low-level open drain MOSFET devices should be used over bipolar transistors. The inherent Vce(sat) in bipolar devices introduces errors in the device’s internal divider network. Discrete transistors such as the BSS138, 2N7002, or IRLML2402 are examples of appropriate devices. The PT7670 Excalibur™ family of converters use a pin code to adjust the output voltage. This feature uses the control inputs, VID0–VID4 (pins 1–6). When these pins are left open-circuit, the ISR regulates at its default output voltage. Each of the programming pins are internally connected to a precision resistor, and when pulled low 1 applies a weighted change to the output voltage. By selectively connecting VID0–VID4 to Sense(–) 2, the output voltage of these ISRs can be programmed in incremental steps over their specified output voltage range. The program codes and output voltages offered by these ISRs are compatible with the Voltage ID specifications used by popular microprocessors. See Figure 4-1 for the connection schematic, and the respective device data sheet for the programming code information. Active Voltage Programming: Special precautions should be taken when making changes to the output voltage progam code while the unit is powered. This activity can induce current transients through the device as a result of the electrolytic output capacitors being either charged or discharged to the new output voltage set-point. The transient current can be minimized by making only incremental changes to the binary code, i.e. one LSB at a time. A minimum of 100µs settling time between each program state is also recommended. Making non-incremental changes to VID3 or VID4 is discouraged. Notes: 1. The programming convention is as follows:Logic 0: Connect to pin 12; Sense(–). Logic 1: Open circuit/open drain (See Note 2) When active devices are used to program the output voltage, their state should be asserted prior to the input power being applied. One approach is to pull STBY (pin 5) control to GND prior to power up. After the host board has then asserted the program code, the ground signal to pin 5 can be removed. This will allow the regulator to intiate a clean soft-start power-up to the desired program voltage. For more information on the use of the Standby function, consult the related application note, “Using the Standby Function on the PT7670 Series of 30-A Switching Regulators.” 2. For optimal output voltage accuracy Sense(–) (pin 12) should always be used as the logic ‘0’ reference. The input/output ground (pins 13-19) can also be used if pin 12 is connected to pin 13 external to the module. 3. Do not connect pull-up resistors to the voltage programming pins. Figure 4-1 6 4 3 2 1 VIN 26 VID4 - VID0 L1 7–11 1 µH (Optional) SNS(+) PT7671 V IN STBY GND 5 13–19 VOUT 20–25 V OUT SNS(–) 12 + + Cin STBY Cout Q1 L O A D Sense(–) COM Power GND For technical support and more information, see inside back cover or visit www.ti.com IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. 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