LM150QML LM150QML 3-Amp Adjustable Regulators Literature Number: SNVS383A LM150QML 3-Amp Adjustable Regulators General Description The LM150 adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage regulator is capable of supplying in excess of 3A over a 1.2V to 33V output range. It is exceptionally easy to use and requires only 2 external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, both line and load regulation are comparable to discrete designs. Also, the LM150 is packaged in standard transistor package which is easily mounted and handled. In addition to higher performance than fixed regulators, the LM150 offers full overload protection available only in IC's. Included on the chip are current limit, thermal overload protection and safe area protection. All overload protection circuitry remains fully functional even if the adjustment terminal is accidentally disconnected. Normally, no capacitors are needed unless the device is situated more than 6 inches from the input filter capacitors in which case an input bypass is needed. An output capacitor can be added to improve transient response, while bypassing the adjustment pin will increase the regulator's ripple rejection. Besides replacing fixed regulators or discrete designs, the LM150 is useful in a wide variety of other applications. Since the regulator is “floating” and sees only the input-to-output differential voltage, supplies of several hundred volts can be regulated as long as the maximum input to output differential is not exceeded, i.e., avoid short-circuiting the output. By connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment pin and output, the LM150 can be used as a precision current regulator. Supplies with electronic shutdown can be achieved by clamping the adjustment terminal to ground which programs the output to 1.2V where most loads draw little current. Features ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Adjustable output down to 1.2V Guaranteed 3A output current Guaranteed thermal regulation Output is short circuit protected Current limit constant with temperature 86 dB ripple rejection Applications ■ Adjustable power supplies ■ Constant current regulators ■ Battery chargers Ordering Information NS Part Number JAN Part Number LM150K/883 5962–8767501XA © 2010 National Semiconductor Corporation NS Package Number K02C 201557 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Package Description 2LD T0–3 Metal Can www.national.com Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 LM150QML 3-Amp Adjustable Regulators OBSOLETE September 27, 2010 LM150QML Connection Diagram (TO-3 STEEL) Metal Can Package 20155704 Bottom View See NS Package Number K02C Schematic Diagram 20155710 www.national.com 2 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 LM150QML Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Power Dissipation (Note 2) Input-Output Voltage Differential Storage Temperature Internally Limited +35V −65°C ≤ TA ≤ +150°C 300°C TBD Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) ESD Tolerance Operating Temperature Range −55°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C Quality Conformance Inspection Mil-Std-883, Method 5005 - Group A Subgroup Description Temp °C 1 Static tests at 25 2 Static tests at 125 3 Static tests at -55 4 Dynamic tests at 25 5 Dynamic tests at 125 6 Dynamic tests at -55 7 Functional tests at 25 8A Functional tests at 125 8B Functional tests at -55 9 Switching tests at 25 10 Switching tests at 125 11 Switching tests at -55 12 Settling time at 25 13 Settling time at 125 14 Settling time at -55 3 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 www.national.com LM150QML LM150 Electrical Characteristics DC Parameters The following conditions apply, unless otherwise specified. DC: VDiff = 5V, VO = VRef, IO = 1.5A. Symbol VRef Parameter Conditions Notes Reference Voltage VLoad 1.3 V 1, 2, 3 1.3 V 1, 2, 3 VDiff = 3.0V, IL = 3.0A 1.2 1.3 V 1, 2, 3 VDiff = 35V, IL = 10mA 1.2 1.3 V 1, 2, 3 1.2 1.3 V 1, 2, 3 1.2 1.3 V 1, 2, 3 (Note 6), (Note 3) -3.8 3.8 mV 1 (Note 6), (Note 3) -19.0 19.0 mV 2, 3 (Note 5), (Note 10), (Note 3) -3.6 3.6 mV 1 (Note 5), -12.0 (Note 10), (Note 3) 12.0 mV 2, 3 2.0 mV 1 10mA ≤ IL ≤ 3A, VO = VRef TReg Thermal Regulation IAdj Adjust Pin Current IQ Quiescent Current ΔIAdj Delta Adjustment Current Subgroups 1.2 3V ≤ VDiff ≤ 35V, ILoad = 10mA Load Regulation Unit 1.2 (Note 9) VDiff = 30V, IL = 300mA Line Regulation Max VDiff = 3.0V, IL = 10mA VDiff = 10V, IL = 3.0A VLine Min VDiff = 30V, 10mA ≤ IL ≤ 300mA (Note 3) (Note 3) -5.0 5.0 mV 2, 3 10mA ≤ IL ≤ 3A, VO = 5.0V (Note 5), (Note 7), (Note 3) -15.0 15.0 mV 1 (Note 5), (Note 7), (Note 3) -50.0 50.0 mV 2, 3 (Note 8) -9.75 9.75 mV 1 100 µA 1, 2, 3 100 µA 1, 2, 3 5.0 mA 1, 2, 3 t = 20mS -2.0 VDiff = 35V, IO = 10mA VDiff = 35V Current Limit 5.0 mA 1, 2, 3 3V ≤ VDiff ≤ 35V IO = 10mA -5.0 5.0 µA 1, 2, 3 10mA ≤ IL ≤ 3A -5.0 5.0 µA 1, 2, 3 VDiff = 30V, 10mA ≤ IL ≤ 300mA -5.0 5.0 µA 1, 2, 3 VDiff = 10V 3.0 A 1, 2, 3 VDiff = 30V 0.3 A 1, 2, 3 1.0 %/VO 2 -100 100 mV 1, 2, 3 Min Max Unit Subgroups dB 4, 5, 6 ΔVO / Δt Long Term Stability TA = +125°C, t = 1000 Hrs, VDiff = 3.0V, IL = 10mA VDrop Voltage Dropout VDiff = 2.9V, IL = 3A (Note 4) AC Parameters Symbol RR Parameter Ripple Rejection Conditions ƒ = 120 Hz, eI = 1VRMS, CAdj = 10µF, VO = 10V www.national.com Notes 66 4 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 Note 2: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJmax (maximum junction temperature), θJA (package junction to ambient thermal resistance), and TA (ambient temperature). The maximum allowable power dissipation at any temperature is PDmax = (TJmax - TA)/ θJA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. Note 3: Regulation is measured at a constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output voltage due to heating effects are covered under the specifications for thermal regulation. Note 4: Periodic Group C testing. Note 5: These VO conditions are worst case Note 6: Limits = 0.01% of VO @ 25°C, 0.05% @ −55°C, +125°C per volt of VDiff change at VO = VRef. Note 7: Limits = 0.3% of VO @ 25°C, 1.0% @ −55°C, +125°C @ VO = 5.0V. Note 8: Limits = 0.01% of VO @ 25°C per Watt of power dissipation at PD = 7.5W. Note 9: Represents worst case power dissipation of 30W. Note 10: Limits are equivalent to 15mV @ 25°C and 50mV @ −55°C, +125°C @ VO = 5.0V. Typical Performance Characteristics Load Regulation Current Limit 20155734 20155733 Adjustment Current Dropout Voltage 20155736 20155735 5 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 www.national.com LM150QML Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions. LM150QML Temperature Stability Minimum Operating Current 20155737 20155738 Ripple Rejection Ripple Rejection 20155740 20155739 Ripple Rejection Output Impedance 20155741 www.national.com 20155742 6 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 LM150QML Line Transient Response Load Transient Response 20155744 20155743 7 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 www.national.com LM150QML tween 500 pF and 5000 pF. A 1 μF solid tantalum (or 25 μF aluminum electrolytic) on the output swamps this effect and insures stability. Application Hints In operation, the LM150 develops a nominal 1.25V reference voltage, VRef, between the output and adjustment terminal. The reference voltage is impressed across program resistor R1 and, since the voltage is constant, a constant current I1 then flows through the output set resistor R2, giving an output voltage of LOAD REGULATION The LM150 is capable of providing extremely good load regulation but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. The current set resistor connected between the adjustment terminal and the output terminal (usually 240Ω) should be tied directly to the output (case) of the regulator rather than near the load. This eliminates line drops from appearing effectively in series with the reference and degrading regulation. For example, a 15V regulator with 0.05Ω resistance between the regulator and load will have a load regulation due to line resistance of 0.05Ω × IOUT. If the set resistor is connected near the load the effective line resistance will be 0.05Ω (1 + R2/R1) or in this case, 11.5 times worse. Figure 2 shows the effect of resistance between the regulator and 240Ω set resistor. 20155707 FIGURE 1. Since the 50 μA current from the adjustment terminal represents an error term, the LM150 was designed to minimize IAdj and make it very constant with line and load changes. To do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the output establishing a minimum load current requirement. If there is insufficient load on the output, the output will rise. 20155708 FIGURE 2. Regulator with Line Resistance in Output Lead With the TO-3 package, it is easy to minimize the resistance from the case to the set resistor, by using two separate leads to the case. The ground of R2 can be returned near the ground of the load to provide remote ground sensing and improve load regulation. EXTERNAL CAPACITORS An input bypass capacitor is recommended. A 0.1 μF disc or 1 μF solid tantalum on the input is suitable input bypassing for almost all applications. The device is more sensitive to the absence of input bypassing when adjustment or output capacitors are used but the above values will eliminate the possibility of problems. The adjustment terminal can be bypassed to ground on the LM150 to improve ripple rejection. This bypass capacitor prevents ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is increased. With a 10 μF bypass capacitor 86 dB ripple rejection is obtainable at any output level. Increases over 10 μF do not appreciably improve the ripple rejection at frequencies above 120 Hz. If the bypass capacitor is used, it is sometimes necessary to include protection diodes to prevent the capacitor from discharging through internal low current paths and damaging the device. In general, the best type of capacitors to use is solid tantalum. Solid tantalum capacitors have low impedance even at high frequencies. Depending upon capacitor construction, it takes about 25 μF in aluminum electrolytic to equal 1 μF solid tantalum at high frequencies. Ceramic capacitors are also good at high frequencies, but some types have a large decrease in capacitance at frequencies around 0.5 MHz. For this reason, 0.01 μF disc may seem to work better than a 0.1 μF disc as a bypass. Although the LM150 is stable with no output capacitors, like any feedback circuit, certain values of external capacitance can cause excessive ringing. This occurs with values bewww.national.com PROTECTION DIODES When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors from discharging through low current points into the regulator. Most 10 μF capacitors have low enough internal series resistance to deliver 20A spikes when shorted. Although the surge is short, there is enough energy to damage parts of the IC. When an output capacitor is connected to a regulator and the input is shorted, the output capacitor will discharge into the output of the regulator. The discharge current depends on the value of the capacitor, the output voltage of the regulator, and the rate of decrease of VIN. In the LM150, this discharge path is through a large junction that is able to sustain 25A surge with no problem. This is not true of other types of positive regulators. For output capacitors of 25 μF or less, there is no need to use diodes. The bypass capacitor on the adjustment terminal can discharge through a low current junction. Discharge occurs when either the input or output is shorted. Internal to the LM150 is a 50Ω resistor which limits the peak discharge current. No protection is needed for output voltages of 25V or less and 10 μF capacitance. Figure 3 shows an LM150 with protection 8 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 LM150QML diodes included for use with outputs greater than 25V and high values of output capacitance. 20155709 D1 protects against C1 D2 protects against C2 FIGURE 3. Regulator with Protection Diodes Typical Applications 1.2V–25V Adjustable Regulator 20155701 Full output current not available at high input-output voltages. †Optional—improves transient response. Output capacitors in the range of 1 μF to 1000 μF of aluminum or tantalum electrolytic are commonly used to provide improved output impedance and rejection of transients. *Needed if device is more than 6 inches from filter capacitors. Note: Usually R1 = 240Ω for LM150 and R1 = 120Ω. 9 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 www.national.com LM150QML Precision Power Regulator with Low Temperature Coefficient 20155713 *Adjust for 3.75V across R1 Slow Turn-ON 15V Regulator 20155714 Adjustable Regulator with Improved Ripple Rejection 20155715 †Solid tantalum *Discharges C1 if output is shorted to ground www.national.com 10 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 LM150QML High Stability 10V Regulator 20155716 Digitally Selected Outputs 20155717 *Sets maximum VO Regulator and Voltage Reference 20155703 11 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 www.national.com LM150QML 10A Regulator 20155718 *Minimum load current 50 mA 5V Logic Regulator with Electronic Shutdown* 20155719 *Minimum output ≈ 1.2V www.national.com 12 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 LM150QML 0 to 30V Regulator 20155720 Full output current not available at high input-output voltages 5A Constant Voltage/Constant Current Regulator 20155721 †Solid tantalum *Lights in constant current mode 13 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 www.national.com LM150QML 12V Battery Charger 20155722 Adjustable Current Regulator 1.2V–20V Regulator with Minimum Program Current 20155725 *Minimum output current ≈ 4 mA 3A Current Regulator 20155723 Precision Current Limiter *0.4 ≤ R1 ≤ 120Ω 20155724 20155726 www.national.com 14 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 LM150QML Tracking Preregulator 20155727 Adjusting Multiple On-Card Regulators with Single Control* 20155728 †Minimum load—10 mA *All outputs within ±100 mV AC Voltage Regulator Simple 12V Battery Charger 20155730 20155748 Use of RS allows low charging rates with fully charged battery. **1000 μF is recommended to filter out any input transients 20155729 15 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 www.national.com LM150QML Current Limited 6V Charger Temperature Controller 20155732 *Sets peak current (2A for 0.3Ω) **1000 μF is recommended to filter out any input transients. 20155711 6A Regulator Light Controller 20155712 Adjustable 10A Regulator 20155702 20155731 www.national.com 16 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 Released Revision Section Changes 03/10/06 A New Release, Corporate format 1 MDS data sheet converted into one Corp. data sheet format. MNLM150-X Rev. 0BL will be archived. 09/27/2010 B Obsolete Data Sheet End Of Life on Product/NSID Dec. 2009 17 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 www.national.com LM150QML Revision History LM150QML Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 2 Lead TO-3 Metal Can Package (K) NS Package Number K02C www.national.com 18 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 LM150QML Notes 19 201557 Version 2 Revision 7 Print Date/Time: 2010/10/01 00:29:43 www.national.com LM150QML 3-Amp Adjustable Regulators Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: www.national.com Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH® Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage References www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy www.national.com/powerwise Applications & Markets www.national.com/solutions Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero PowerWise® Solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagic™ www.national.com/solarmagic PLL/VCO www.national.com/wireless www.national.com/training PowerWise® Design University THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. 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