LIN D O C #: 1825 SG1825C/SG2825C/SG3825C HIGH-SPEED CURRENT-MODE PWM T H E I N F I N I T E P O W E R O F I NOT RECOMMENDED N N O V A T I O N DESCRIPTION The SG1825C is a high-performance pulse width modulator optimized for high frequency current-mode power supplies. Included in the controller are a precision voltage reference, micropower start-up circuitry, softstart, high-frequency oscillator, wideband error amplifier, fast currentlimit comparator, full double-pulse suppression logic, and dual totempole output drivers. Innovative circuit design and an advanced linear Schottky process result in very short propagation delays through the NEW DESIGNS K E Y F E AT U R E S ■ IMPROVED REFERENCE INITIAL TOLERANCE (±1% max.) ■ IMPROVED OSCILLATOR INITIAL ACCURACY (±3% typ.) ■ IMPROVED STARTUP CURRENT (500µA typ.) ■ PROP DELAY TO OUTPUTS (50ns typ.) p 10V TO 30V OPERATION p 5.1V REFERENCE TRIMMED TO ±1% p 2MHZ OSCILLATOR CAPABILITY p 1.5A PEAK TOTEM-POLE DRIVERS p U.V. LOCKOUT WITH HYSTERESIS p NO OUTPUT DRIVER "FLOAT" p PROGRAMMABLE SOFTSTART p DOUBLE-PULSE SUPPRESSION LOGIC p WIDEBAND LOW-IMPEDANCE ERROR AMPLIFIER p CURRENT-MODE OR VOLTAGE-MODE CONTROL p WIDE CHOICE OF HIGH-FREQUENCY PACKAGES current limit comparator, logic, and output drivers. This device can be used to implement either currentmode or voltage-mode switching power supplies. It also is useful as a series-resonant controller to frequencies beyond 1MHz. The SG1825C is specified for operation over the full military ambient temperature range of -55°C to 125°C. The SG2825C is characterized for the industrial range of -25°C to 85°C, and the SG3825C is selected for the commercial range of 0°C to 70°C. PRODUCT HIGHLIGHT I N I T I A L O S C I L L AT O R A C C U R A C Y 15 Percentage of Units - % FOR Sample Size = 45 279 Mean 401.661 411.887 Std. Dev. = 3.8 4.3 HIGH RELIABILITY FEATURES ■ AVAILABLE TO MIL-STD-883B ■ LINFINITY LEVEL "S" PROCESSING AVAIL. 10 5 0 390 395 400 405 410 415 Initial Oscillator Accuracy - KHz PACKAGE ORDER INFORMATION N TJ (°C) Plastic DIP 16-pin Wide SOIC Q Plastic LCC DW Plastic 16-pin 20-pin DIP J Ceramic 16-pin LCC L Ceramic 20-pin 0 to 70 -25 to 85 SG3825CN SG2825CN SG3825CDW SG2825CDW SG3825CQ SG2825CQ SG3825CJ SG2825CJ -55 to 125 SG1825CJ SG1825CL MIL-STD-883 DESC SG1825CJ/883B SG1825CJ/DESC SG1825CL/883B SG1825CL/DESC Note: All surface-mount packages are available in Tape & Reel. Append the letter "T" to part number. (i.e. SG3825CDWT) FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CALL (714) 898-8121 Copyright © 1994 Rev. 1.3 6/96 11861 W ESTERN A VENUE , G ARDEN G ROVE , CA. 92841 1 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 SG1825C/SG2825C/SG3825C H IGH- SPEED C URRENT-M O D E PWM NOT RECOMMENDED A B S O L U T E M A X I M U M R AT I N G S FOR NEW DESIGNS PACKAGE PIN OUTS (Note 1) Input Voltage (VIN and VC) .......................................................................................... 30V Analog Inputs: Error Amplifier and Ramp ........................................................................ -0.3V to 7.0V Softstart and ILIM/S.D. ................................................................................ -0.3V to 6.0V Digital Input (Clock) .................................................................................... 1.5V to 6.0V Driver Outputs ........................................................................................ -0.3V to V C +1.5V Source / Sink Output Current (each output): Continuous .............................................................................................................. 0.5A Pulse, 500ns ............................................................................................................ 2.0A Softstart Sink Current ................................................................................................ 20mA Clock Output Current ................................................................................................. 5mA Error Amplifier Output Current ................................................................................. 5mA Oscillator Charging Current ....................................................................................... 5mA Operating Junction Temperature: Hermetic (J, L Package) ....................................................................................... 150°C Plastic (DW, N, Q Packages) ............................................................................... 150°C Storage Temperature Range ...................................................................... -65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10 seconds) ............................................................ 300°C INV. INPUT N.I. INPUT E/A OUTPUT CLOCK RT CT RAMP SOFTSTART INV. INPUT N.I. INPUT E/A OUTPUT CLOCK RT CT RAMP SOFTSTART 65°C/W DW PACKAGE: 12 6 11 7 10 8 9 16 2 15 3 14 4 13 5 12 6 11 7 10 8 9 +VREF +VIN OUTPUT B VC PWR GND OUTPUT A GROUND ILIM / S.D. 95°C/W 2 1 20 19 18 17 6 16 7 15 8 14 9 80°C/W 10 11 12 13 Q PACKAGE (Top View) 80°C/W 3 L PACKAGE: THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO AMBIENT, θJA 13 5 5 J PACKAGE: THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO CASE, θJC 14 4 4 Q PACKAGE: THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO AMBIENT, θJA 3 VREF +VIN OUTPUT B VC PWR GND OUTPUT A GROUND I LIM / S.D. 1 3 N PACKAGE: THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO AMBIENT, θJA 15 DW PACKAGE (Top View) T H E R M A L D ATA THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO AMBIENT, θJA 16 2 J & N PACKAGE (Top View) Note 1. Exceeding these ratings could cause damage to the device. THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO AMBIENT, θJA 1 2 1 20 19 35°C/W 4 18 120°C/W 5 17 6 16 7 15 8 14 Junction Temperature Calculation: TJ = T A + (PD x θJA). The θ JA numbers are guidelines for the thermal performance of the device/pc-board system. All of the above assume no ambient airflow. 9 10 11 12 13 L PACKAGE (Top View) 1. N.C. 2. INV. INPUT 3. N.I. INPUT 4. E/A OUTPUT 5. CLOCK 6. N.C. 7. RT 8. CT 9. RAMP 10. SOFTSTART 2 11. N.C. 12. ILIM / S.D. 13. GROUND 14. OUTPUT A 15. PWR GND 16. N.C. 17. VC 18. OUTPUT B 19. +VIN 20. V REF Copyright © 1994 Rev. 1.3 6/96 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 SG1825C/SG2825C/SG3825C HIGH-SPEED CURRENT-MODE PWM NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS R E C O M M E N D E D O P E R AT I N G C O N D I T I O N S Parameter Symbol Supply Voltage Range Voltage Amp Common Mode Range Ramp Input Voltage Range Current Limit / Shutdown Voltage Range Source / Sink Output Current Continuous Pulse, 500ns Voltage Reference Output Current Oscillator Frequency Range Oscillator Charging Current Oscillator Timing Resistor Oscillator Timing Capacitor Operating Ambient Temperature Range: SG1825C SG2825C SG3825C (Note 2) Recommended Operating Conditions Min. Typ. Max. 10 1.5 0 0 Units 30 5.5 5.0 4.0 V V V V RT CT 1 4 0.030 1 0.470 10 1500 3 100 10 mA A mA kHz mA kΩ nF TA TA TA 0 -25 -55 70 85 125 °C °C °C 200 1.0 Note 2. Range over which the device is functional. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 3) (Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply over the operating ambient temperatures for SG3825C with 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C, SG2825C with -25°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C, SG1825C with -55°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C, and VIN=V C=15V. Low duty cycle pulse testing techniques are used which maintains junction and case temperatures equal to the ambient temperature.) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Reference Section SG1825C/2825C SG3825C Units Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Output Voltage Line Regulation Load Regulation Temperature Stability (Note 3) Total Output Range (Note 3) Output Noise Voltage (Note 3) Long Term Stability (Notes 3 &4) Short Circuit Current Oscillator Section (Note 5) TJ = 25°C, IL = 1mA VIN = 10 to 30V I L = 1 to 10mA Over Operating Temperature Over Line, Load, and Temperature f = 10Hz to 10kHz, IL = 0mA TJ = 125°C, t = 1000hrs VREF = 0V 5.05 5.10 5.15 5.05 5.10 5.15 2 15 2 15 5 15 5 15 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 5.00 5.20 5.00 5.20 50 200 50 5 25 5 25 -15 -50 -100 -15 -50 -100 Initial Accuracy Voltage Stability Temperature Stability (Note 3) Total Frequency Limits (Note 3) Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency Clock High Level Clock Low Level Ramp Peak Voltage Ramp Valley Voltage Valley-to-Peak Amplitude TJ = 25°C, CCLK ≤ 10pF VIN = 10 to 30V Over Rated Operating Temperature Over Line and Temperature RT = 100KΩ, CT = 0.01µF RT = 1KΩ, CT = 470pF ICLK = -1mA ICLK = -1mA 370 400 0.2 5 350 1.5 3.9 2.6 0.7 1.6 4.5 2.3 2.8 1.0 1.8 430 2 8 450 4 370 350 1.5 3.9 2.9 3.0 1.25 2.0 400 0.2 5 2.6 0.7 1.6 4.5 2.3 2.8 1.0 1.8 430 2 8 450 4 2.9 3.0 1.25 2.0 V mV mV mV/°C V µV RMS mV mA kHz % % kHz kHz MHz V V V V V Note 3. This parameter is guaranteed by design and process control, but is not 100% tested in production. Note 4. This parameter is non-accumulative, and represents the random fluctuation of the reference voltage within some error band when observed over any 1000 hour period of time. Copyright © 1994 Rev. 1.3 6/96 3 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 SG1825C/SG2825C/SG3825C H IGH- SPEED C URRENT-M O D E PWM NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Parameter Symbol Test Conditions (Cont'd.) SG1825C/2825C SG3825C Units Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Error Amplifier Section (Note 6) Input Offset Voltage Input Bias Current Input Offset Current DC Open Loop Gain Common Mode Rejection Power Supply Rejection Output Sink Current Output Source Current Output High Voltage Output Low Voltage Unity Gain Bandwidth (Note 3) Slew Rate (Note 3) AVOL RS ≤ 2KΩ, VERROR = 2.5V VERROR = 2.5V VERROR = 2.5V VERROR = 1 to 4V Over Rated Voltage Range, VERROR = 2.5V VIN = 10V to 30V, VERROR = 2.5V VERROR = 1V VERROR = 4V IERROR = -0.5mA IERROR = 1mA AVOL = 0dB 60 75 85 1 -0.5 4.0 0 3 6 0.6 0.1 95 95 110 2.5 -1.3 4.7 0.5 5.5 15 3 1 5.0 1.0 60 75 85 1 -0.5 4.0 0 3 6 0.6 0.1 95 95 110 2.5 -1.3 4.7 0.5 5.5 15 3 1 5.0 1.0 mV µA µA dB dB dB mA mA V V MHz V/µsec PWM Comparator Section (Note 5 & 7) Ramp Input Bias Current Minimum Duty Cycle Maximum Duty Cycle (Note 8) Zero Duty Cycle Threshold Delay to Driver Output (Note 3) -1 VERROR = 1V VERROR = 4V 85 1.1 VRAMP = 0V to 2V, VERROR= 2V -5 0 -1 85 1.1 1.25 50 80 9 20 -5 0 1.25 50 80 9 20 µA % % V ns Softstart Section CSS Charge Current CSS Discharge Current VSOFTSTART = 0.5V VSOFTSTART = 1.0V 3 1 3 1 µA mA Current Limit / Shutdown Section (Note 9) ILIM Input Bias Current Current Limit Threshold Shutdown Threshold Delay to Driver Output (Note 3) VSHUTDOWN = 0V to 1.2V ±15 ±10 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.25 1.40 1.55 1.20 1.40 1.55 50 80 50 80 µA V V ns ISINK = 20mA ISINK = 200mA ISOURCE = 20mA ISOURCE = 200mA VC = 30V CL = 1000pF 0.25 0.40 0.25 0.40 1.2 2.0 1.2 2.0 13.0 13.5 13.0 13.5 12.0 13.0 12.0 13.0 150 500 150 500 30 60 30 60 V V V V µA ns Output Drivers Section (each output) Output Low Level Output High Level VC Standby Current Output Rise / Fall Time (Note 3) Undervoltage Lockout Section Start Threshold Voltage UV Lockout Hysteresis 8.8 0.4 9.2 0.8 9.7 1.2 0.5 22 1.2 33 8.8 0.4 9.2 0.8 9.7 1.2 V V 0.5 22 1.2 33 mA mA Supply Current Section (Note 5) Start Up Current Operating Current Note Note Note Note Note 4 VIN = 8V VINV , VRAMP, V(I LIM/S.D.) = 0V, VN.I. = 1V 5. FOSC = 400kHz (R T = 3.65kΩ, CT = 1.0nF). 6. VCM = 1.5V to 5.5V. 7. VRAMP = 0V, unless otherwise specified. 8. 100% duty cycle is defined as a pulsewidth equal to one oscillator period. 9. V(ILIM/S.D.) = 0V to 4.0V, unless otherwise specified. Copyright © 1994 Rev. 1.3 6/96 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 SG1825C/SG2825C/SG3825C HIGH-SPEED CURRENT-MODE PWM NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS BLOCK DIAGRAM VREF 16 +9V 13 VC 11 OUTPUT A REFERENCE REGULATOR +VIN 15 GND 10 Q + 4.0V T CLOCK 4 Q 14 OUTPUT B RT 5 OSCILLATOR CT 6 S 12 POWER GND R Q 1.25V RAMP 7 E/A OUTPUT 3 N.I. INPUT 2 ERROR INV. INPUT 1 9µA + 1.0V SOFTSTART 8 9 ILIM/S.D. + 1.4V FIGURE INDEX Application Circuits FIGURE # 1. HIGH-SPEED LAYOUT AND BYPASSING 2. MICROPOWER STARTUP 3. SOFTSTART FAST RESET 4. OSCILLATOR SYCHRONIZATION 5. OSCILLATOR FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM 6. VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER CONNECTIONS 7. DRIVING SHIELDED CABLE Copyright © 1994 Rev. 1.3 6/96 5 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 SG1825C/SG2825C/SG3825C H IGH- SPEED C URRENT-M O D E PWM NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS A P P L I C AT I O N I N F O R M AT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N F I G U R E S HIGH-SPEED LAYOUT AND BYPASSING FIGURE 1. HIGH-SPEED LAYOUT and BYPASSING The SG1825C, like all high-speed circuits, requires extra attention to external conductor and component layout to minimize undesired inductive and capacitive effects. All lead lengths must be as short as possible. The best printed circuit board choice would be a four-layer design, with the two internal planes supplying power and ground. Signal interconnects should be placed on the outside, giving a conductor-over-ground-plane (microstrip) configuration. A two-sided printed circuit board with one side dedicated as a ground plane is next best, and requires careful component placement by a skilled pc designer. Two supply bypass capacitors should be employed: a low-inductance 0.1µF ceramic within 0.25 inches of the +VIN pin for high frequencies, and a 1 to 5µF solid tantalum within 0.5 inches of the VC pin to provide an energy reservoir for the high-peak output currents. A low-inductance .01µF bypass for the reference output is also recommended. VREF 16 VREF SG1825C VC 13 PWR GND 0.1µF GND 15 +V IN 12 0.01µF 10 1µF +VIN FIGURE 2. MICROPOWER STARTUP TO POWER TRANSFORMER GND 6 POWER 12 GND RB L2 0.1µF CS 15 +V IN GND 10 1µF + VIN FIGURE 3. SOFTSTART FAST RESET SG1825C CSS R1 100W 8 VC 13 PWR GND 0.1µF 15 +V IN GND 12 CSOFTSTART 10 1µF + VIN FIGURE 4. OSCILLATOR SYCHRONIZATION FREQUENCY SYNCHRONIZATION Two or three SG1825C oscillators may be locked together with the interconnection scheme shown, if the devices are within an inch or so of each other. A master unit is programmed for desired frequency with RT and CT as usual. The oscillators in the slave units are disabled by grounding CT and by connecting RT to VREF. The logic in the slave units is locked to the clock of the master with the wire-OR connection shown. Many SG1825Cs can be locked to a master system clock by wiring the oscillators as slave units, and distributing the master clock to each using a tree-fanout geometry. VC 13 L1 SOFTSTART CIRCUIT / OUTPUT DUTY CYCLE LIMIT The softstart pin of the SG1825C is held low when either the chip is in the micropower mode, or when a voltage greater than +1.4 volts is present at the ILIM/S.D. pin. The maximum positive swing of the voltage error amplifier is clamped to the Softstart pin voltage, providing a ramp-up of peak charging currents in the power semiconductors at turn-on. In some cases, the duration of the Shutdown signal can be too short to fully discharge the softstart capacitor. The illustrated resistor/discrete PNP transistor configuration can be used to shorten the discharge time by a factor of 50 or more. When the internal discharge transistor in the SG1825C turns on, current will flow through surge limit resistor R1. As the resistor drop approaches 0.6 volts, the external PNP turns on, providing a low resistance discharge path for the energy in the softstart capacitor. The capacitor will be rapidly discharged to +0.7 volts, which corresponds to zero duty cycle in the pulse width modulator. SG1825C 120 Since the SG1825C typically draws 700µA of supply current before turning on, a low power bleeder resistor from the rectified AC line supply is all that is required for startup. A start capacitor, CS, is charged with the excess current from the bleeder resistor. When the turn-on threshold voltage is reached, the PWM circuit becomes active, energizing the power transistors. The additional operating current required by the PWM is then provided by a bootstrap winding on the main high-frequency power transformer. 240 MICROPOWER STARTUP MASTER CLK SG1825C RT 4 4 SLAVE CLK 0.1µF 15 +V IN GND RT 5 CT 6 12 10 16 SG1825C 5 CT 6 PWR GND VREF PWR GND CT RT 0.1µF 15 +V IN GND 12 10 + VIN Copyright © 1994 Rev. 1.3 6/96 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 SG1825C/SG2825C/SG3825C HIGH-SPEED CURRENT-MODE PWM NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS A P P L I C AT I O N I N F O R M AT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N F I G U R E S FIGURE 5. OSCILLATOR FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM OSCILLATOR The oscillator frequency is programmed by external timing components R T and CT . A nominal +3.0 volts appears at the RT pin. The current flowing through RT is mirrored internally with a 1:1 ratio. This causes an identical current to flow out the CT pin, charging the timing capacitor and generating a linear ramp. When the upper threshold of +2.8 volts is reached, a discharge network reduces the ramp voltage to +1.0, where a new charge cycle begins. The Clock output pin is LOW (+2.3 volts) during the charge cycle, and HIGH (+4.5 volts) during the discharge cycle. The Clock pin is driven by an NPN emitter follower, and so can be wire-ORed. Each Clock pin can drive a 1mA load. Since the internal current-source pulldown is approximately 400µA, the DC fan-out to other SG1825C Clock pins is at least two. The type of capacitor selected for CT is very important. At high frequencies, non-ideal characteristics such as effective series resistance (ESR), effective series inductance (ESL), dielectric loss and dielectric absorption all affect frequency accuracy and stability. RF capacitors such as silver mica, glass, polystrene, or COG ceramics are recommended. Avoid high-K ceramics, which work best in DC bypass applications. ERROR AMPLIFIER The voltage error amplifier is a true operational amplifier with lowimpedance output, and can be gain-stabilized using conventional feedback techniques. The typical DC open-loop gain is 95dB, with a single lowfrequency pole at 100Hz. The input connections to the error amplifier are determined by the polarity of the power supply output voltage. For positive supplies, the common-mode voltage is +5.1 volts and the feedback connections in Figure A are used. With negative outputs, the common-mode voltage is half the reference, and the feedback divider is connected between the negative output and the +5.1 volt reference as shown in Figure B. RT 3V IR SG1825C 5 + 5.1V IC = IR CT 6 + 4.5V 4 CLOCK 400µA 2.8V 1.0V FIGURE 6. VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER CONNECTIONS R1 VREF R2 2 3 VERROR 1 R3 RZ CP POSITIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE R4 Copyright © 1994 Rev. 1.3 6/96 FIGURE B FIGURE A R1 VREF R2 NEGATIVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE R4 2 3 VERROR 1 R3 VREF 2 OUTPUT DRIVER The output drivers are designed to provide up to 1.5 Amps peak output current. To minimize ringing on the output waveform, which can be destructive to both the power MOSFET and the PWM chip, the series inductance seen by the drivers should be as low as possible. One solution is to keep the distance between the PWM and MOSFET gate as short as possible, and to use carbon composition series damping resistors. A Faraday shield to intercept radiated EMI from the power transistors is usually required with its choice. A second approach is to place the MOSFETs some distance from the PWM chip, and use a series-terminated transmission line to preserve drive pulse fidelity. This will minimize noise radiated back to the sensitive analog circuitry of the SG1825C. A Faraday shield may also be required. If the drivers are connected to an isolation transformer, or if kickback through CGD of the MOSFET is severe, clamp diodes may be required. 1 Amp peak Schottky diodes will limit undershoot to less than -0.3 volts. + 2.3V RZ CP FIGURE 7. DRIVING SHIELDED CABLE SG1825C FARADAY SHIELD 13 VC 24W 11 * 12 10 50W 50W PWR GND GND * SCHOTTKY CLAMP MAY BE REQUIRED 7