AGERE LCK4972

Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
1 Features
■
Fully integrated PLL
■
Output frequency up to 240 MHz
■
150 ps typical cycle-to-cycle jitter
■
Output skews of less than 250 ps
■
Single 3.3 V/2.5 V ±5% supply
■
52-pin TQFPT
■
■
Compatible with PowerPC ® and Pentium ® microprocessors
Pin compatible with 972 type devices
2 Description
Agere Systems’ LCK4972 is a 3.3 V/2.5 V, PLL-based clock
driver designed for high-performance RISC or CISC processor-based systems. The LCK4972 has output frequencies
of up to 240 MHz and skews of less than 250 ps, making it
ideal for synchronous systems. The LCK4972 contains
12 low-skew outputs and a feedback/sync output for flexibility and simple implementation.
There is a robust level of frequency programmability
between the 12 low-skew outputs in addition to the input/
output relationships. This allows for very flexible
programming of the input reference versus the output
frequency. The LCK4972 contains a flexible output enable
and disable scheme. This helps execute system debug as
well as offer multiple powerdown schemes, which meet
green-class machine requirements.
The LCK4972 features a power-on reset function, which
automatically resets the device on powerup, providing
automatic synchronization between QFB and other outputs.
The LCK4972 is 3.3 V/2.5 V compatible and requires no
external loop filters. It has the capability of driving 50 Ω
transmission lines. Series terminated lines have the ability
of driving two 50 Ω lines in parallel, effectively doubling the
fanout.
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
Table of Contents
Contents
Page
1 Features .............................................................................................................................................................................1
2 Description ..........................................................................................................................................................................1
3 Pin Information ...................................................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Pin Diagram .................................................................................................................................................................4
4 Functional Description ........................................................................................................................................................7
4.1 Device Programming ...................................................................................................................................................8
4.2 Application Examples ..................................................................................................................................................9
4.3 Typical Skew Example ................................................................................................................................................9
4.4 SYNC Output .............................................................................................................................................................10
4.5 Output Freeze Circuitry .............................................................................................................................................12
4.6 On-Board Crystal Oscillator .......................................................................................................................................12
4.7 Power Supply Filtering ...............................................................................................................................................13
4.8 Driving Transmission Lines .......................................................................................................................................14
5 Absolute Maximum Ratings ..............................................................................................................................................15
5.1 Handling Precautions ................................................................................................................................................15
5.2 Thermal Parameters (Definitions and Values) ...........................................................................................................15
6 Electrical Characteristics ..................................................................................................................................................17
6.1 dc Characteristics ......................................................................................................................................................17
6.2 ac Characteristics ......................................................................................................................................................18
7 Outline Diagram ................................................................................................................................................................19
8 Ordering Information .........................................................................................................................................................20
Figures
Page
Figure 2-1. Logic Diagram ......................................................................................................................................................4
Figure 3-1. 52-Pin TQFPT ......................................................................................................................................................5
Figure 4-1. 100 MHz from 50 MHz Example ........................................................................................................................10
Figure 4-2. Pentium Compatible Clocks Example ................................................................................................................10
Figure 4-3. 20 MHz Source Example ...................................................................................................................................10
Figure 4-4. Skew Relative to Qa...........................................................................................................................................10
Figure 4-5. Phase Delay Example Using Two LCK4972s ....................................................................................................11
Figure 4-6. LCK4972 Timing ................................................................................................................................................12
Figure 4-7. Freeze Data Input Protocol ................................................................................................................................13
Figure 4-8. Power Supply Filter ............................................................................................................................................14
Figure 4-9. Dual Transmission Lines....................................................................................................................................15
Figure 4-10. Single vs. Dual Waveforms ..............................................................................................................................15
Figure 4-11. Optimized Dual Transmission Lines.................................................................................................................15
Tables
Page
Table 3-1. Pin Description.......................................................................................................................................................5
Table 4-1. Function Table for Qa, Qb, and Qc ........................................................................................................................7
Table 4-2. Function Table for QFB..........................................................................................................................................7
Table 4-3. Function Table for Logic Selection.........................................................................................................................7
Table 4-4. Programmable Output Frequency Relationships for Qa, Qb, and Qc (VCO_Sel = 1) ...........................................8
Table 4-5. Programmable Output Frequency Relationships for QFB (VCO_Sel = 1).............................................................8
Table 4-6. Crystal Recommendations...................................................................................................................................12
Table 5-1. Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................................................................................................................15
Table 5-2. ESD Tolerance.....................................................................................................................................................15
Table 5-3. Thermal Parameter Values ..................................................................................................................................16
Table 6-1. PLL Input Reference Characteristics (TA = –40 °C to +85 °C) ............................................................................17
Table 6-2. dc Characteristics (TA = –40 °C to+85 °C, VDD = 3.3 V ± 5%) ...........................................................................17
Table 6-3. dc Characteristics (TA = –40 °C to +85 °C, VDD = 2.5 V ± 5%) ..........................................................................17
Table 6-4. ac Characteristics (TA = –40 °C to +85 °C, VDD = 3.3 V/2.5 V ± 5%).................................................................18
Table 8-1. LCK4972 Ordering Information............................................................................................................................20
2
Agere Systems Inc.
Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
xtal1
xtal2
VCO_Sel
PLL_EN
REF_SEL
D Q
TCLK0
TCLK1
0
0
1
PHASE
DETECTOR
VCO
SYNC
Frz
Qa1
1
Qa2
LPF
TCLK_Sel
Qa0
Ext_FB
Qa3
D Q
SYNC
Frz
Qb0
Qb1
Qb2
Qb3
fselFB2
MR/OE
SYNC
Frz
÷4, ÷6, ÷8, ÷12
÷4, ÷6, ÷8, ÷10
D Q
÷2, ÷4, ÷6, ÷8
fsela0:1
fselb0:1
fselc0:1
fselFB0:1
Qc0
D Q
POWER-ON
RESET
2
÷4, ÷6, ÷8, ÷10
2
Qc2
Qc3
0
÷2
2
2
SYNC
Frz
Qc1
QFB
D Q
1
SYNC PULSE
DATA
GENERATOR
D Q
SYNC
Frz
QSync
Frz_Clk
OUTPUT DISABLE
CIRCUITRY
Frz_Data
12
Inv_Clk
2332 (F)
Figure 2-1. Logic Diagram
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Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
3 Pin Information
VCO_Sel
VSS
Qa0
VDDO
Qa1
VSS
Qa2
VDDO
Qa3
fsela0
fsela1
fselb0
fselb1
3.1 Pin Diagram
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
VSS
1
39
VSS
MROEB
2
38
Qb0
Frz_Clk
3
37
VDDO
Frz_Data
4
36
Qb1
fselFB2
5
35
VSS
PLL_EN
6
34
Qb2
Ref_Sel
7
33
VDDO
TCLK_Sel
8
32
Qb3
TCLK0
9
31
Ext_FB
TCLK1
10
30
VSS
xtal1
11
29
QFB
xtal2
12
28
VDDI
VDDA
13
27
fselFB0
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Inv_Clk
VSS
Qc3
VDDO
Qc2
fselc1
fselc0
Qc1
VDDO
Qc0
VSS
QSync
fselFB1
LCK4972
2331 (F)
Figure 3-1. 52-Pin TQFPT
4
Agere Systems Inc.
Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
Table 3-1. Pin Description
I/O*
Pin
Symbol
Type
1, 15, 24, 30,
35, 39, 47, 51
2
VSS
Ground
— Ground.
MROEB
LVTTL
Iu
3
4
5
Frz_Clk
Frz_Data
fselFB2
LVTTL
LVTTL
LVTTL
6
PLL_EN
LVTTL
7
Ref_Sel
LVTTL
8
TCLK_Sel
LVTTL
9, 10
TCLK[0:1]
LVTTL
11
xtal1
Analog
12
xtal2
Analog
13
14
VDDA
Inv_Clk
Power
LVTTL
16, 18, 21, 23
Qc[3:0]
LVTTL
17, 22, 33,
37, 45, 49
19, 20
VDDO
Power
Master Reset and Output Enable Input.
0 = Outputs disabled (high-impedance state). During this condition the PLL
loop is open and the VCO will run at an indeterminate frequency.
1 = Normal operation (outputs active).
I Freeze Mode.
I Freeze Mode.
Iu Feedback Output Divider Function Select. This input, along with pins
fselFB0 and fselFB1, controls the divider function of the feedback bank of
outputs. See Table 4-2 for more details.
Iu PLL Bypass Select.
0 = The internal PLL is bypassed and the selected reference input provides
the clocks to operate the device.
1 = The internal PLL provides the internal clocks to operate the device.
Iu Reference Select Input. The Ref_Sel input controls the reference input to
the PLL.
0 = The input is selected by the TCLK_Sel input.
1 = The XTAL is selected.
Iu TCLK Select Input. The TCLK_Sel input controls which TCLK input will be
used as the reference input if Ref_Sel is set to 0.
0 = TCLK0 is selected.
1 = TCLK1 is selected.
I LVTLL Reference Input. These inputs provide the reference frequency for
the internal PLL when selected by Ref_Sel and TCLK_Sel.
I Xtal Reference Input. This input provides the reference frequency for the
internal PLL when selected by Ref_Sel.
I Xtal Reference Input. This input provides the reference frequency for the
internal PLL when selected by Ref_Sel.
— PLL Power.
Iu Invert Mode. This input only affects the Qc bank.
0 = All outputs of the Qc bank are in the normal phase alignment.
1 = Qc2 and Qc3 are inverted from the normal phase of Qc0 and Qc1.
O Clock Output. These outputs, along with the Qa[0:3], Qb[0:3], and QFB
outputs, provide numerous divide functions determined by the fsela[0:3],
fselb[0:3], and the fselFB[0:2] See Table 4-1 and Table 4-2 for more details.
— Output Buffer Power.
fselc[1:0]
LVTTL
Iu
Description
Output Divider Function Select. Each pair controls the divider function of
the respective bank of outputs. See Table 4-1 for more details.
* U = Internal pull-up resistors (50 kΩ).
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Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
Table 3-1. Pin Description (continued)
Pin
Symbol
Type
I/O*
25
QSync
LVTTL
O
26
fselFB1
LVTTL
27
fselFB0
LVTTL
28
29
VDDI
QFB
Power
LVTTL
31
Ext_FB
LVTTL
32, 34, 36, 38
Qb[3:0]
LVTTL
40, 41
fselb[1:0]
LVTTL
42, 43
fsela[1:0]
LVTTL
44, 46, 48, 50
Qa[3:0]
LVTTL
52
VCO_Sel
LVTTL
Description
Synchronous Pulse Output. This output is used for system
synchronization. See Section 4.4 on page 10.
u
I
Feedback Output Divider Function Select. This input, along with pins
fselFB1 and fselFB2, controls the divider function of the feedback bank of
outputs. See Table 4-2 for more details.
Iu Feedback Output Divider Function Select. This input, along with pins
fselFB0 and fselFB2, controls the divider function of the feedback bank of
outputs. See Table 4-2 for more details.
— PLL Power.
O Clock Output. This output, along with the Qa[0:3] and Qc[0:3] outputs,
provides numerous divide functions determined by the fsela[0:3], fselb[0:3],
and the fselFB[0:2]. See Table 4-1 and Table 4-2 for more details.
I PLL Feedback Input. This input is used to connect one of the clock
outputs (usually QFB) to the feedback input of the PLL.
O Clock Output. These outputs, along with the Qa[0:3], Qc[0:3], and QFB
outputs, provide numerous divide functions determined by the fsela[0:3],
fselb[0:3], and the fselFB[0:2]. See Table 4-1 and Table 4-2 for more
details.
I Output Divider Function Select. Each pair controls the divider function of
the respective bank of outputs. See Table 4-1 for more details.
I Output Divider Function Select. Each pair controls the divider function of
the respective bank of outputs. See Table 4-1 for more details.
O Clock Output. These outputs, along with the Qb[0:3], Qc[0:3], and QFB
outputs, provide numerous divide functions determined by the fsela[0:3],
fselb[0:3], and the fselFB[0:2]. See Table 4-1 and Table 4-2 for more
details.
Iu VCO Frequency Select Input. This input selects the nominal operating
range of the VCO used in the PLL.
0 = The VCO range is 150 MHz—240 MHz.
1 = The VCO range is 200 MHz—480 MHz.
* U = Internal pull-up resistors (50 kΩ).
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Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
4 Functional Description
Using the select lines (fsela[1:0], fselb[1:0], fselc[1:0], and fselFB[2:0]), the following output frequency ratios between
outputs can be obtained:
1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 3:2, 4:1, 4:3, 5:1, 5:2, 5:3, 6:1, and 6:5
These ratios can be achieved by forcing the control signal low one clock edge before the coincident edges of outputs Qa
and Qc. The synchronization output indicates when these rising edges will occur. Selectability of feedback frequency is
independent of the output frequencies. Output frequencies can be odd or even multiples of the input reference clock, as
well as being less than the input frequency.
The power-on reset function is designed to reset the system after powerup for synchronization between QFB and other
outputs.
The LCK4972 has the ability to independently enable/disable each output through a serial input port. When disabled
(frozen), the outputs will freeze to the low state while internal state machines remain unaffected. When re-enabled, the
outputs initialize synchronously and in phase with those not reactivated. Freezing only happens when the outputs are in the
low state, preventing runt pulse generation, see Section 4.5 Output Freeze Circuitry on page 12.
Table 4-1. Function Table for Qa, Qb, and Qc
fsela1
0
0
1
1
fsela0
0
1
0
1
Qa
÷4
÷6
÷8
÷12
fselb1
0
0
1
1
fselb0
0
1
0
1
Qb
÷4
÷6
÷8
÷10
fselc1
0
0
1
1
fselc0
0
1
0
1
Qc
÷2
÷4
÷6
÷8
Table 4-2. Function Table for QFB
fselFB21
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
fselFB1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
fselFB0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
QFB
÷4
÷6
÷8
÷10
÷8
÷12
÷16
÷20
1. If fselFB2 is set to 1, it may be necessary to apply a reset pulse after powerup in order to ensure synchronization between the QFB and other inputs.
Table 4-3. Function Table for Logic Selection
Control Pin
Logic 0
Logic 1
VCO_Sel
VCO/2
VCO
Ref_Sel
TCLK
Xtal
TCLK_Sel
TCLK0
TCLK1
PLL_EN
Bypass PLL
Enable PLL
MR/OE
Master reset/output high-Z
Enable outputs
Inv_Clk
Noninverted Qc2, Qc3
Inverted Qc2, Qc3
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Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
4.1 Device Programming
The LCK4972 contains three independent banks of four outputs as well as an independent PLL feedback output. The possible configurations make Agere Systems’ LCK4972 one of the most versatile frequency programming devices. Table 4-4
shows various selection possibilities.
VCO/4
VCO/6
VCO/8
VCO/12
0
0
1
1
fselc0
0
1
0
1
Qb
fselc1
0
0
1
1
fselb0
fsela0
Qa
fselb1
fsela1
Table 4-4. Programmable Output Frequency Relationships for Qa, Qb, and Qc (VCO_Sel = 1)
Qc
0
1
0
1
VCO/4
VCO/6
VCO/8
VCO/10
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
VCO/2
VCO/4
VCO/6
VCO/8
Table 4-5. Programmable Output Frequency Relationships for QFB (VCO_Sel = 1)
fselFB2
fselFB1
fselFB0
QFB
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
VCO/4
VCO/6
VCO/8
VCO/10
VCO/8
VCO/12
VCO/16
VCO/20
To determine the relationship between the three banks, compare their divide ratios. For example, if a ratio of 5:3:2 is desired,
set Qa to ÷10, Qb to ÷6, and Qc to ÷4. These selections would yield a 5:3:2 ratio.
For low frequency circumstances, the VCO_Sel pin allows the option of an additional ÷2 to be added to the clock path. This
pin maintains the output relationships, but provides an extended clock range for the PLL. The feedback output is matched
to the input reference frequency after the output frequency relationship is set and VCO is in a stable range.
If, in the previous example, the input reference frequency were equal to the lowest output frequency, the output would be
set to ÷10 mode. The fselFB2 input could be asserted to half the frequency if the needed feedback frequency is half of the
lowest frequency output. This multiplies the output frequencies by a factor of two, relative to the input reference frequency.
Assume the previously mentioned 5:3:2 ratio with the highest output frequency of 100 MHz. If the only available reference
frequency is 50 MHz, the setup of Figure 4-1 can be used. The device provides 100 MHz, 66 MHz, and 40 MHz outputs, all
generated from the 50 MHz source. Figure 4-2 and Figure 4-3 also show possible configurations of the LCK4972.
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Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
4.2 Application Examples
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
50 MHz
fsela0
LCK4972
fsela1
Qa
fselb0
fselb1
Qb
fselc0
fselc1
Qc
fselFB0
fselFB1
QFB
fselFB2
4
4
4
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
100 MHz
40 MHz
66.66 MHz
50 MHz
24 MHz
Input Ref
Ext_FB
fsela0 LCK4972
fsela1
Qa
fselb0
fselb1
Qb
fselc0
fselc1
Qc
fselFB0
fselFB1
QFB
fselFB2
4
4
4
60 MHz (PROCESSOR)
60 MHz (PROCESSOR)
30 MHz (PCI)
24 MHz (FLOPPY DISK CLK)
Input Ref
Ext_FB
VCO = 240 MHz
VCO = 400 MHz
Figure 4-1. 100 MHz from 50 MHz Example
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
Figure 4-2. Pentium Compatible Clocks Example
fsela0
LCK4972
fsela1
Qa
fselb0
fselb1
Qb
fselc0
fselc1
Qc
fselFB0
fselFB1
QFB
fselFB2
20 MHz
4
4
4
33 MHz (PCI)
50 MHz (PROCESSOR)
50 MHz (PROCESSOR)
20 MHz (ETHERNET)
Input Ref
Ext_FB
VCO = 400 MHz
Figure 4-3. 20 MHz Source Example
4.3 Typical Skew Example
100
75
50
ps
25
0
–25
–50
–75
–100
Qc3
Qc2
Qc1
Qc0
Qb3
Qb2
Qb1
Qb0
Qa3
Qa2
Qa1
Qa0
QFB
Figure 4-4. Skew Relative to Qa
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Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
The Inv_Clk input pin, when asserted, will invert the Qc2 and Qc3 outputs. This inversion does not affect the output-output
skew of the device and allows for the development of 180° phase-shifted clocks. This output can also be used as a feedback
output or routed to a second PLL to generate early/late clocks. Figure 4-5 shows a 90° phase-shift configuration.
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
66 MHz
LCK4972
fsela0
fsela1
fselb0
fselb1
fselc0
fselc1
fselFB0
fselFB1
fselFB2
Inv_Clk
Input Ref
Ext_FB
Qa
Qb
Qc
Qc
QFB
4
4
2
2
66 MHz
66 MHz
66 MHz
66 MHz
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
LCK4972
fsela0
fsela1
fselb0
fselb1
fselc0
fselc1
fselFB0
fselFB1
fselFB2
Inv_Clk
Input Ref
Ext_FB
Qa
Qb
Qc
QFB
4
4
4
33 MHz SHIFTED 90°
33 MHz SHIFTED 90°
33 MHz SHIFTED 90°
66 MHz
66 MHz
66 MHz
33 MHz
SHIFTED 90°
2337 (F)
Figure 4-5. Phase Delay Example Using Two LCK4972s
4.4 SYNC Output
When the output frequencies are not integer multiples of each other, there is a need for a signal for synchronization purposes. The SYNC output is designed to address this need. The Qa and Qc banks of outputs are monitored by the device, and
a low-going pulse (one period in duration, one period before the coincident rising edges of Qa and Qc) is provided. The duration and placement of the pulse is dependent on the highest of Qa and Qc output frequencies. The timing diagram,
(Figure 4-6) shows the various waveforms for SYNC.
Note: SYNC is defined for all possible combinations of Qa and Qc, even though the lower frequency clock should be used
as a synchronizing signal in most cases.
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Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
fVCO
1:1 MODE
Qa
Qc
Sync
2:1 MODE
Qa
Qc
Sync
3:1 MODE
Qc(÷2)
Qa(÷6)
Sync
3:2 MODE
Qa(÷4)
Qc(÷6)
Sync
4:1 MODE
Qc(÷2)
Qa(÷8)
Sync
4:3 MODE
Qa(÷6)
Qc(÷8)
Sync
6:1 MODE
Qa(÷12)
Qc(÷2)
Sync
2333 (F)
Figure 4-6. LCK4972 Timing
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Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
4.5 Output Freeze Circuitry
The new green classification for computers requires unique power management. The LCK4972’s individual output enable
control allows software to implement unique power management. A serial interface was created to eliminate individual output
control at the cost of one pin per output.
The freeze control logic provides a mechanism for the LCK4972’s clock outputs to be stopped in the logic 0 state.
The freeze mechanism allows serial loading of the 12-bit serial input register. This register contains one programmable
freeze enable bit for 12 of the 14 output clocks. The Qc0 and QFB outputs cannot be frozen with the serial port, which prevents possible lock-up situations if there is an error in the serial input register. The user can also program a freeze by writing
0 to the respective freeze bit. Likewise, it can be programmed unfrozen by writing a 1 to that same bit.
Freeze logic cannot force a recently frozen clock to a logic 0 state before the time which it would normally transition to that
state. The logic will only maintain the frozen clock in logic 0. Similarly, the logic will not force a recently frozen clock to logic
1 before the time it would normally transition there. When the clock would normally be in a logic 0 state, the logic re-enables
the unfrozen clock, eliminating the possibility of runt clock pulses.
The user may write to the serial input register by supplying a logic 0 start bit followed (serially) by 12 NRZ freeze bits through
Frz_Data. The period of the Frz_Clk signal equals the period of each Frz_Data bit. The timing should be such that the
LCK4972 is able to sample each Frz_Data bit with the rising edge of the Frz_Clk (free running) signal.
Frz_Clk
Frz_Data
START
QA0
QA1 QA2
QA3 QB0 QB1
QB2 QB3 QC1
QC2 QC3 QSYNC
Figure 4-7. Freeze Data Input Protocol
4.6 On-Board Crystal Oscillator
The LCK4972 features an on-board crystal oscillator for seed clock generation. The oscillator is self-contained. The only
external component required is the crystal. The circuit is a series resonant circuit, eliminating the need for large on-board
capacitors.
This series resonant design calls for a series resonant crystal, but most crystals are characterized in parallel resonant mode.
Physically, a parallel resonant crystal is no different from a series resonant crystal. Overall, a parallel crystal can be used
with this device with a small frequency error due to the actual series resonant frequency of the parallel resonant crystal. A
parallel specified crystal will exhibit an oscillatory frequency ±100 ppm lower than the specified value. This translates to ineffectual kHz inaccuracies, which will not effect the device.
Table 4-6. Crystal Recommendations
Parameter
Crystal Cut
Resonance
Frequency Tolerance
Frequency/Temperature Stability
Operating Range
Shunt Capacitance
Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)
Correlation Drive Level
Aging
12
Value
Functional AT cut
Series resonance
±75 ppm at 25 °C
±150 ppm at 0 °C—70 °C
0 °C—70 °C
5 pF—7 pF
50 Ω—80 Ω max
100 µW
5 ppm/year (first 3 years)
Agere Systems Inc.
Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
4.7 Power Supply Filtering
The LCK4972 is a mixed-signal product which is susceptible to random noise, especially when this noise is on the power
supply pins. To isolate the output buffer switching from the internal phase-locked loop, the LCK4972 provides separate power supplies for the internal PLL (VDDA) and for the output buffers (VDDO). In a digital system environment, besides this isolation technique, it is highly recommended that both VDDA and VDD power supplies be filtered to reduce the random noise
as much as possible.
Figure 4-8 illustrates a typical power supply filter scheme. Due to its susceptibility to noise with spectral content in this range,
a filter for the LCK4972 should be designed to target noise in the 100 kHz to 10 MHz range. The RC filter in Figure 4-8 will
provide a broadband filter with approximately 100:1 attenuation for noise with spectral content above 20 kHz. More elaborate
power supply schemes may be used to achieve increased power supply noise filtering.
3.3 V
RS = 5 Ω—10 Ω
VDDA
0.01 µF
22 µF
LCK4972
VDD
0.01 µF
2344 (F)
Figure 4-8. Power Supply Filter
Agere Systems Inc.
13
Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
4.8 Driving Transmission Lines
The output drivers of the LCK4972 were designed for the lowest impedance possible for maximum flexibility. With the
LCK4972’s 7 Ω impedance, the drivers can accommodate either parallel or series terminated transmission lines.
Point-to-point distribution of signals is the preferred method in today’s high-performance clock networks. Series-terminated
or parallel-terminated lines can be used in a point-to-point scheme. The parallel configuration terminates the signal at the
end of the line with a 50 Ω resistance to VDD/2. Only one terminated line can be driven by each output of the LCK4972 due
to the high level of dc current drawn.
In a series-terminated case, there is no dc current draw; the outputs can drive multiple series-terminated lines, see below.
IN
LCK4972
OUTPUT
BUFFER
LCK4972
OUTPUT
BUFFER
IN
7Ω
RS = 43 Ω
ZO = 50 Ω
OUTA
RS = 43 Ω
OUTB0
ZO = 50 Ω
7Ω
ZO = 50 Ω
OUTB1
RS = 43 Ω
2340 (F)
Figure 4-9. Dual Transmission Lines
The waveform plots of Figure 4-10 show the simulated results of a single output versus a two-line output. A 43 ps delta exists
between the two differently loaded outputs that can be seen in the figure. This implies that dual-line driving need not be used
in order to maintain tight output-to-output skew. The step in the figure shows an impedance mismatch caused when looking
into the driver. The parallel combination in Figure 4-9 plus the output resistance do not equal the parallel combination of the
line impedances. The voltage wave down the lines will equal the following:
VL = VS (Z0/RS + R0 + Z0) = 3.0 (25/53.5) = 1.4 V
The voltage will double at the load-end to 2.8 V, due to the near-unity reflection coefficient. It then continues to increment
towards 3.0 V in one-round trip delay steps (4 ps). This step will not cause any false clock triggering, but some users may
not want these reflections on the line. Figure 4-11 shows a possible configuration to eliminate these reflections. In this scenario, the series terminating resistors are reduced so the line impedance is matched when the parallel combination is added
to the output buffer.
3.0
VOLTAGE (V)
2.5
OUTA
tD = 3.8956
OUTB
tD = 3.9386
LCK4972
OUTPUT
BUFFER
2.0
IN
RS = 36 Ω
ZO = 50 Ω
7Ω
1.5
ZO = 50 Ω
1.0
RS = 36 Ω
7 Ω + 36 Ω  36 Ω = 50 Ω  50 Ω
25 Ω = 25 Ω
0.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 TIME (ns)
Figure 4-10. Single vs. Dual Waveforms
14
Figure 4-11. Optimized Dual Transmission Lines
Agere Systems Inc.
Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
5 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses which exceed the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These are absolute
stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given
in the operational sections of the data sheet. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods of time can adversely affect device reliability.
Table 5-1. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Supply Voltage
Input Voltage
Input Current
Storage Temperature Range
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
VDD
VI
IIN
Tstg
–0.3
–0.3
—
–40
4.6
VDD + 0.3
±20
125
V
V
mA
°C
5.1 Handling Precautions
Although electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuitry has been designed into this device, proper precautions must be
taken to avoid exposure to ESD and electrical overstress (EOS) during all handling, assembly, and test operations. Agere
employs both a human-body model (HBM) and a charged-device model (CDM) qualification requirement in order to
determine ESD-susceptibility limits and protection design evaluation. ESD voltage thresholds are dependent on the circuit
parameters used in each of the models, as defined by JEDEC’s JESD22-A114 (HBM) and JESD22-C101 (CDM)
standards.
Table 5-2. ESD Tolerance
Device
LCK4972
Minimum Threshold
HBM
>2500 V
CDM
>1000 V
5.2 Thermal Parameters (Definitions and Values)
System and circuit board level performance depends not only on device electrical characteristics, but also on device thermal
characteristics. The thermal characteristics frequently determine the limits of circuit board or system performance, and they
can be a major cost adder or cost avoidance factor. When the die temperature is kept below 125 °C, temperature activated
failure mechanisms are minimized. The thermal parameters that Agere provides for its packages help the chip and system
designer choose the best package for their applications, including allowing the system designer to thermally design and integrate their systems.
It should be noted that all the parameters listed below are affected, to varying degrees, by package design (including paddle
size) and choice of materials, the amount of copper in the test board or system board, and system airflow.
ΘJA - Junction to Air Thermal Resistance
ΘJA is a number used to express the thermal performance of a part under JEDEC standard natural convection conditions.
ΘJA is calculated using the following formula:
ΘJA = (TJ – Tamb) / P; where P = power
ΘJMA - Junction to Moving Air Thermal Resistance
ΘJMA is effectively identical to ΘJA but represents performance of a part mounted on a JEDEC four layer board inside a wind
tunnel with forced air convection. ΘJMA is reported at airflows of 200 LFPM and 500 LFPM (linear feet per minute), which
roughly correspond to 1 m/s and 2.5 m/s (respectively). ΘJMA is calculated using the following formula:
ΘJMA = (TJ – Tamb) / P
Agere Systems Inc.
15
Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
ΘJC - Junction to Case Thermal Resistance
ΘJC is the thermal resistance from junction to the top of the case. This number is determined by forcing nearly 100% of the
heat generated in the die out the top of the package by lowering the top case temperature. This is done by placing the top
of the package in contact with a copper slug kept at room temperature using a liquid refrigeration unit. ΘJC is calculated using
the following formula:
ΘJC = (TJ – TC) / P
ΘJB - Junction to Board Thermal Resistance
ΘJB is the thermal resistance from junction to board. This number is determined by forcing the heat generated in the die out
of the package through the leads or balls by lowering the board temperature and insulating the package top. This is done
using a special fixture, that keeps the board in contact with a water chilled copper slug around the perimeter of the package
while insulating the package top. ΘJB is calculated using the following formula:
ΘJB = (TJ – TB) / P
ΨJT
ΨJT correlates the junction temperature to the case temperature. It is generally used by the customer to infer the junction
temperature while the part is operating in their system. It is not considered a true thermal resistance. ΨJT is calculated using
the following formula:
ΨJT = (TJ – TC) / P
Table 5-3. Thermal Parameter Values
Parameter
Temperature °C/Watt
ΘJA
51.11
ΘJMA (1 m/s)
TBD
ΘJMA (2.5 m/s)
TBD
ΘJC
14.81
ΘJB
40.23
ΨJT
1
16
Agere Systems Inc.
Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
6 Electrical Characteristics
Table 6-1. PLL Input Reference Characteristics (TA = –40 °C to +85 °C)
Parameter
TCLK Input Rise/Fall
Reference Input Frequency
Reference Input Duty Cycle
Crystal Oscillator Frequency
Symbol
Condition
Min
Max
Unit
tr, tf
fref
—
—
—
—2
—
—1
25
10
3.0
—1
75
25
ns
MHz
%
MHz
trefDC
txtal
1. Maximum input reference frequency is limited by VCO lock range and the feedback driver or 100 MHz. Minimum input reference frequency is limited by
the VCO lock range and the feedback divider.
2. See Section On-Board Crystal Oscillator, on page 12 for more crystal information.
6.1 dc Characteristics
Table 6-2. dc Characteristics (TA = –40 °C to+85 °C, VDD = 3.3 V ± 5%)
Parameter
Symbol
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Input High Voltage
VIH
—
2.0
—
3.6
V
Input Low Voltage
VIL
—
—
—
0.8
V
2.4
—
—
V
—
—
0.5
V
—
—
±120
µA
—
130
160
mA
—
60
85
mA
Output High Voltage
Output Low Voltage
VOH
VOL
IOH = –24
IOL = 24
mA1
mA1
Input Current
IIN
—2
Maximum Supply Current
IDD
All VDD pins
only3
Analog VDD Current
IDDA
VDDA pin
Input Capacitance
CIN
—
—
—
4
pF
Power Dissipation Capacitance
Cpd
Per output
—
25
—
pF
Max
Unit
1. The LCK4972 inputs can drive a series of parallel terminated transmission lines on the incident edge.
2. Inputs have pull-up/pull-down resistors, which affect input current.
3. Qa = Qb = Qc = 50 MHz, unloaded outputs.
Table 6-3. dc Characteristics (TA = –40 °C to +85 °C, VDD = 2.5 V ± 5%)
Parameter
Symbol
Condition
Min
Typ
PLL Supply Voltage
VDD_PLL
LVCMOS
2.325
—
VDD
V
Input High Voltage
VIH
LVCMOS
1.7
—
VDD + 0.3
V
Input Low Voltage
VIL
LVCMOS
–0.3
—
0.7
V
Output High Voltage
VOH
IOH = –15 mAS*
1.8
—
—
V
Output Low Voltage
VOL
IOL = 15 mA
—
—
0.6
V
Output Impedance
ZOUT
—
17
—
20
W
IIN
VIN = VDD or GND
—
—
±120
µA
—
60
85
mA
Input Current
Analog VDD Current
IDDA
VDDA pin only
†
Maximum Supply Current
IDD
All VDD Pins
—
130
160
mA
Input Capacitance
CIN
—
—
—
4
pF
Power Dissipation Capacitance
Cpd
Per output
—
25
—
pF
* The LCK4972 is capable of driving 50 Ω transmission lines on the incident edge. Each output drives one 50 Ω parallel terminated transmission line to a
termination voltage of VTT. Alternatively, the device drives up to two 50 Ω series terminated transmission lines per output.
† Qa = Qb = Qc = 50 MHz, unloaded outputs.
Agere Systems Inc.
17
Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
6.2 ac Characteristics
Table 6-4. ac Characteristics (TA = –40 °C to +85 °C, VDD = 3.3 V/2.5 V ± 5%)1
Parameter
Symbol
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Input Reference Frequency:
÷4 feedback
÷6 feedback
÷8 feedback
÷10 feedback
÷12 feedback
÷16 feedback
÷20 feedback
fREF
PLL locked
Input Reference Frequency in PLL Bypass Mode2
fREF
VCO Frequency Range3
37.5
25.0
18.75
15.0
12.5
9.4
7.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
120.0
80.0
60.0
48.0
40.0
30.0
24.0
PLL bypass
—
—
250
MHz
fVCO
—
150
—
480
MHz
Crystal Internal Frequency Range4
fXTAL
—
10
—
25
MHz
Output Frequency:
÷2 output
÷4 output
÷6 output
÷8 output
÷10 output
÷12 output
fMAX
PLL locked
75.0
37.5
25.0
18.75
15.0
12.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
240.0
120.0
80.0
60.0
48.0
40.0
Serial Interface Clock Frequency
Unit
MHz
MHz
fSTOP_CLK
—
—
—
20
MHz
Reference Input Duty Cycle
fREFDC
—
25
—
75
%
CCLKx Input Rise/Fall Time
tR, tF
20% to 80%
—
—
1.0
ns
Propagation Delay (static phase offset) CCLKx or FB_IN
t(∅)
PLL locked
—
—
150
ps
tSK(O)
—
—
—
250
ps
DC
—
47
50
53
%
Output Rise/Fall Time
tR, tF
20% to 80%
0.1
—
1.0
ns
Output Disable Time
tPLZ, HZ
—
—
—
8
ns
Output Enable Time
tPZL, LZ
—
—
—
8
ns
tJIT(CC)
—
—
150
200
ps
tJIT(PER)
—
—
—
150
ps
I/O Phase Jitter
tJIT(∅)
—
—
—
150
ps
Maximum PLL Lock Time
tLOCK
—
—
10
—
ms
Output-to-Output Skew
Output Duty Cycle
Cycle-to-Cycle
Jitter5
Period Jitter
1. ac characteristics apply for parallel output termination of 50 Ω to VTT.
2. In bypass mode, the LCK4972 divides the input reference clock.
3. The input reference frequency must match the VCO lock range divided by the total feedback divider ratio: fREF = fVCO ÷ (M x VCO_SEL).
4. The crystal frequency range must meet the interface frequency range and the VCO lock range divided by the feedback divider ratio:
fXTAL (min, max) = fVCO (min, max) ÷ (M x VCO_SEL) and 10 MHz ≤ fXTAL ≤ 25 MHz.
5. tJIT (CC) is valid for a VCO frequency of 400 MHz with QFB = to divide by 4.
18
Agere Systems Inc.
Advance Data Sheet
March 26, 2004
LCK4972 Low-Voltage PLL Clock Driver
7 Outline Diagram
52-pin TQFPT package outline. All dimensions are in millimeters.
12.00
10.00
PIN #1
IDENTIFIER ZONE
1.00 REF
40
52
0.25
39
1
GAGE PLANE
SEATING PLANE
0.45/0.75
10.00
12.00
13
DETAIL A
27
26
14
0.09/0.20
DETAIL A
DETAIL B
1.00 ± 0.05
0.22/0.38
0.08
1.20 MAX
SEATING PLANE
0.08
0.65 TYP
Agere Systems Inc.
M
DETAIL B
0.05/0.15
19
8 Ordering Information
Table 8-1. LCK4972 Ordering Information
Device
Package Type
Comcode
Delivery
LCK4972
TQFPT
700010364
Tray
For additional information, contact your Agere Systems Account Manager or the following:
INTERNET:
http://www.agere.com
E-MAIL:
[email protected]
N. AMERICA: Agere Systems Inc., Lehigh Valley Central Campus, Room 10A-301C, 1110 American Parkway NE, Allentown, PA 18109-9138
1-800-372-2447, FAX 610-712-4106 (In CANADA: 1-800-553-2448, FAX 610-712-4106)
ASIA:
Agere Systems Hong Kong Ltd., Suites 3201 & 3210-12, 32/F, Tower 2, The Gateway, Harbour City, Kowloon
Tel. (852) 3129-2000, FAX (852) 3129-2020
CHINA: (86) 21-54614688 (Shanghai), (86) 755 25881122 (Shenzhen)
JAPAN: (81) 3-5421-1600 (Tokyo), KOREA: (82) 2-767-1850 (Seoul), SINGAPORE: (65) 778-8833, TAIWAN: (886) 2-2725-5858 (Taipei)
EUROPE:
Tel. (44) 1344 296 400
Agere Systems Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice. No liability is assumed as a result of their use or application.
Agere is a registered trademark of Agere Systems Inc. Agere Systems and the Agere logo are trademarks of Agere Systems Inc.
Copyright © 2004 Agere Systems Inc.
All Rights Reserved
March 26, 2004
DS04-066LCK (Replaces DS03-014LCK)