AKM AK5359

ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
AK5359
24-Bit 192kHz ∆Σ ADC
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AK5359 is a stereo A/D Converter with wide sampling rate of 8kHz ∼ 216kHz and is suitable for
consumer to professional audio system. The AK5359 achieves high accuracy and low cost by using
Enhanced dual bit ∆Σ techniques. The AK5359 requires no external components because the analog
inputs are single-ended. The audio interface has two formats (MSB justified, I2S) and can correspond to
various systems like DTV, DVR and AV Receiver.
FEATURES
† Linear Phase Digital Anti-Alias Filtering
† Single-ended Input
† Digital HPF for DC-Offset cancel
† S/(N+D): 94dB
† DR:
102dB
† S/N:
102dB
† Sampling Rate Ranging from 8kHz to 216kHz
† Master Clock:
256fs/384fs/512fs/768fs (8kHz ∼ 54kHz)
256fs/384fs
(54kHz ∼ 108kHz)
256fs/384fs
(108kHz ∼ 216kHz)
† Input level: CMOS
† Master / Slave Mode
† Audio Interface: 24bit MSB justified / I2S selectable
† Power Supply: 4.5 ∼ 5.5V (Analog), 3.0 ∼ 5.5V (Digital)
† Ta = −20 ∼ 85°C (ET), −40 ∼ 85°C (VT)
† Small 16pin TSSOP Package
† AK5357/58/81 Pin-compatible
VA AGND
MCLK
VD DGND
Clock Divider
AINL
AINR
VCOM
∆Σ
Modulator
Decimation
Filter
∆Σ
Modulator
Decimation
Filter
SCLK
Serial I/O
Interface
Voltage Reference
CKS2 CKS1
LRCK
CKS0
PDN
MS0428-E-00
SDTO
DIF
2005/09
-1-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
„ Ordering Guide
16pin TSSOP (0.65mm pitch)
−20 ∼ +85°C
16pin TSSOP (0.65mm pitch)
−40 ∼ +85°C
Evaluation Board for AK5359
AK5359ET
AK5359VT
AKD5359
„ Pin Layout
AINR
1
16
CKS0
AINL
2
15
CKS2
CKS1
3
14
DIF
VCOM
4
13
PDN
AGND
5
12
SCLK
VA
6
11
MCLK
VD
7
10
LRCK
DGND
8
9
SDTO
Top View
„ Compatibility with AK5357, AK5359 and AK5381
fs
S/(N+D)
DR
VIH@TTL Level Mode
VA (Analog Supply)
VD (Digital Supply)
HPF Disable
Operating Temperature
AK5357
4kHz to 96kHz
88dB
102dB
2.2V
2.7 to 5.5V
AK5358
8kHz to 96kHz
92dB
102dB
2.2V
4.5 to 5.5V
2.7 to 5.5V
2.7 to 5.5V
Available
ET: −20 ∼ +85°C
VT: −40 ∼ +85°C
Not Available
ET: −20 ∼ +85°C
MS0428-E-00
AK5381
4kHz to 96kHz
96dB
106dB
2.4V
4.5 to 5.5V
2.7 to 5.5V
3.0 to 5.5V @96kHz
Available
ET: −20 ∼ +85°C
VT: −40 ∼ +85°C
XT: −40 ∼ +85°C
AK5359
8kHz to 216kHz
94dB
102dB
Not Available
4.5 to 5.5V
3.0 to 5.5V
Available
ET: −20 ∼ +85°C
VT: −40 ∼ +85°C
2005/09
-2-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
PIN / FUNCTION
No. Pin Name
I/O
1
2
3
AINR
AINL
CKS1
I
I
I
4
VCOM
O
5
6
7
8
AGND
VA
VD
DGND
-
9
SDTO
O
10
LRCK
I/O
11
MCLK
I
12
SCLK
I/O
13
PDN
I
14
DIF
I
15
16
CKS2
CKS0
I
I
Function
Rch Analog Input Pin
Lch Analog Input Pin
Mode Select 1 Pin
Common Voltage Output Pin, VA/2
Bias voltage of ADC input.
Analog Ground Pin
Analog Power Supply Pin, 4.5 ∼ 5.5V
Digital Power Supply Pin, 3.0 ∼ 5.5V
Digital Ground Pin
Audio Serial Data Output Pin
“L” Output at Power-down mode.
Output Channel Clock Pin
“L” Output in Master Mode at Power-down mode.
Master Clock Input Pin
Audio Serial Data Clock Pin
“L” Output in Master Mode at Power-down mode.
Power Down Mode & Reset Pin
“H”: Power up, “L”: Power down & Reset
The AK5359 must be reset once upon power-up.
Audio Interface Format Pin
“H”: 24bit I2S Compatible, “L”: 24bit MSB justified
Mode Select 2 Pin
Mode Select 0 Pin
Note: All input pins except analog input pins (AINR, AINL) should not be left floating.
„ Handling of Unused Pin
The unused input pins should be processed appropriately as below.
Classification
Analog
Pin Name
AINL
AINR
MS0428-E-00
Setting
This pin should be open.
This pin should be open.
2005/09
-3-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(AGND, DGND=0V; Note 1)
Parameter
Symbol
Power Supplies:
Analog
VA
Digital
VD
|AGND – DGND|
(Note 2)
∆GND
Input Current, Any Pin Except Supplies
IIN
Analog Input Voltage (AINL, AINR, CKS1 pins)
VINA
Digital Input Voltage
(Note 3)
VIND
AK5359ET
Ta
Ambient Temperature (powered applied)
AK5359VT
Ta
min
−0.3
−0.3
−0.3
−0.3
−20
-40
max
6.0
6.0
0.3
±10
VA+0.3
VD+0.3
85
Units
V
V
V
mA
V
V
°C
85
°C
150
°C
Storage Temperature
Tstg
−65
Note 1. All voltages with respect to ground.
Note 2. AGND and DGND must be connected to the same analog ground plane.
Note 3. PDN, DIF, MCLK, SCLK, LRCK, CKS0, CKS2 pins
WARNING: Operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device.
Normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
(AGND, DGND=0V; Note 1)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
Power Supplies
Analog
VA
4.5
5.0
(Note 4)
Digital
VD
3.0
5.0
Note 4. The power up sequence between VA and VD is not critical.
max
5.5
VA
Units
V
V
WARNING: AKM assumes no responsibility for the usage beyond the conditions in this datasheet.
MS0428-E-00
2005/09
-4-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=25°C; VA=VD=5.0V; AGND=DGND=0V; fs=48kHz; SCLK=64fs; Signal Frequency=1kHz;
24bit Data; Measurement frequency=20Hz ∼ 20kHz at fs=48kHz, unless otherwise specified)
Parameter
min
typ
ADC Analog Input Characteristics:
Resolution
Input Voltage
(Note 5)
2.7
3.0
84
94
S/(N+D)
fs=48kHz
−1dBFS
39
BW=20kHz
−60dBFS
fs=96kHz
82
92
−1dBFS
BW=40kHz
38
−60dBFS
fs=192kHz
90
−1dBFS
BW=40kHz
38
−60dBFS
DR
(−60dBFS, A-weighted)
94
102
S/N
(A-weighted)
94
102
Input Resistance
fs=48kHz
13
20
fs=96kHz,192kHz
9
14
Interchannel Isolation
90
110
Interchannel Gain Mismatch
0.1
Gain Drift
100
Power Supply Rejection
(Note 6)
50
Power Supplies
max
Units
24
3.3
Bits
Vpp
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
kΩ
kΩ
dB
dB
ppm/°C
dB
0.5
-
Power Supply Current
Normal Operation (PDN pin = “H”)
VA
15
24
VD
(fs=48kHz)
4
6
VD
(fs=96kHz)
7
10
VD
(fs=192kHz)
10
16
Power down mode (PDN pin = “L”)
(Note 7)
VA+VD
10
100
Note 5. This value is the full scale (0dB) of the input voltage. Input voltage is proportional to VA voltage.
Vin = 0.6 x VA (Vpp).
Note 6. PSR is applied to VA and VD with 1kHz, 50mVpp.
Note 7. All digital input pins and CKS1 pin are held VD or DGND.
MS0428-E-00
mA
mA
mA
mA
µA
2005/09
-5-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs=48kHz)
(Ta=Tmin ∼ Tmax; VA=4.5 ∼ 5.5V; VD=3.0 ∼ 5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
ADC Digital Filter (Decimation LPF):
Passband
(Note 8) ±0.1dB
PB
0
20.0
−0.2dB
23.0
−3.0dB
Stopband
SB
28
Passband Ripple
PR
Stopband Attenuation
SA
68
Group Delay Distortion
0
∆GD
Group Delay
(Note 9)
GD
16
ADC Digital Filter (HPF):
Frequency Response (Note 8) −3dB
FR
1.0
6.5
−0.1dB
FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs=96kHz)
(Ta=Tmin ∼ Tmax ; VA=4.5 ∼ 5.5V; VD=3.0 ∼ 5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
ADC Digital Filter (Decimation LPF):
Passband
(Note 8) ±0.1dB
PB
0
40.0
−0.2dB
46.0
−3.0dB
Stopband
SB
56
Passband Ripple
PR
Stopband Attenuation
SA
68
Group Delay Distortion
0
∆GD
Group Delay
(Note 9)
GD
16
ADC Digital Filter (HPF):
Frequency Response (Note 8) −3dB
FR
2.0
13.0
−0.1dB
max
Units
18.9
-
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
dB
dB
µs
1/fs
±0.04
Hz
Hz
max
Units
37.8
-
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
dB
dB
µs
1/fs
±0.04
Hz
Hz
FILTER CHARACTERISTICS (fs=192kHz)
(Ta=Tmin ∼ Tmax ; VA=4.5 ∼ 5.5V; VD=3.0 ∼ 5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
typ
max
Units
ADC Digital Filter (Decimation LPF):
PB
0
Passband
(Note 8) ±0.1dB
61.4
kHz
62.7
kHz
−0.2dB
90.9
kHz
−3.0dB
Stopband
SB
111
kHz
Passband Ripple
PR
dB
±0.02
Stopband Attenuation
SA
70
dB
Group Delay Distortion
0
∆GD
µs
Group Delay
(Note 9)
GD
16
1/fs
ADC Digital Filter (HPF):
Frequency Response (Note 8) −3dB
FR
4.0
Hz
26.0
Hz
−0.1dB
Note 8. The passband and stopband frequencies scale with fs.
For example, PB=18.9kHz@±0.1dB is 0.39375 × fs.
Note 9. The calculated delay time induced by digital filtering. This time is from the input of an analog signal to the
setting of 24bit data both channels to the ADC output register for ADC.
MS0428-E-00
2005/09
-6-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
DC CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=Tmin ∼ Tmax ; VA=4.5 ∼ 5.5V; VD=3.0 ∼ 5.5V)
Parameter
Symbol
min
High-Level Input Voltage
VIH
70%VD
Low-Level Input Voltage
VIL
High-Level Output Voltage
(Iout=−1mA)
VOH
VD−0.5
Low-Level Output Voltage
(Iout=1mA)
VOL
Input Leakage Current
Iin
-
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=Tmin ∼ Tmax ; VA=4.5 ∼ 5.5V; VD=3.0 ∼ 5.5V; CL=20pF)
Parameter
Symbol
min
Master Clock Timing
Frequency
fCLK
2.048
Pulse Width Low
tCLKL
0.4/fCLK
Pulse Width High
tCLKH
0.4/fCLK
LRCK Frequency
Duty Cycle
fs
Slave mode
Master mode
Audio Interface Timing
Slave mode
SCLK Period
SCLK Pulse Width Low
Pulse Width High
LRCK Edge to SCLK “↑”
(Note 10)
SCLK “↑” to LRCK Edge
(Note 10)
LRCK to SDTO (MSB) (Except I2S mode)
SCLK “↓” to SDTO
Master mode
SCLK Frequency
SCLK Duty
SCLK “↓” to LRCK
SCLK “↓” to SDTO
typ
-
typ
8
45
max
30%VD
0.5
±10
Units
V
V
V
V
µA
max
Units
41.472
MHz
ns
ns
216
55
kHz
%
%
50
tSCK
tSCKL
tSCKH
tLRSH
tSHLR
tLRS
tSSD
fSCK
dSCK
tMSLR
tSSD
72
33
33
20
20
20
20
Hz
%
ns
ns
64fs
50
−20
−20
Reset Timing
tPD
PDN Pulse Width
(Note 11)
150
tPDV
PDN “↑” to SDTO valid at Slave Mode (Note 12)
tPDV
PDN “↑” to SDTO valid at Master Mode (Note 12)
Note 10. SCLK rising edge must not occur at the same time as LRCK edge.
Note 11. The AK5359 can be reset by bringing the PDN pin = “L”.
Note 12. This cycle is the number of LRCK rising edges from the PDN pin = “H”.
MS0428-E-00
25
25
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
4132
4129
ns
1/fs
1/fs
2005/09
-7-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
„ Timing Diagram
1/fCLK
VIH
MCLK
VIL
tCLKH
tCLKL
1/fs
VIH
LRCK
VIL
tSCK
VIH
SCLK
VIL
tSCKH
tSCKL
Clock Timing
VIH
LRCK
VIL
tSHLR
tLRSH
VIH
SCLK
VIL
tSSD
tLRS
SDTO
50%VD
Audio Interface Timing (Slave mode)
MS0428-E-00
2005/09
-8-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
LRCK
50%VD
tMSLR
dSCK
SCLK
50%VD
tSSD
SDTO
50%VD
Audio Interface Timing (Master mode)
VIH
PDN
VIL
tPDV
SDTO
50%VD
tPD
PDN
VIL
Power Down & Reset Timing
MS0428-E-00
2005/09
-9-
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
OPERATION OVERVIEW
„ System Clock
MCLK, SCLK and LRCK (fs) clocks are required in slave mode. The LRCK clock input must be synchronized with
MCLK, however the phase is not critical. Table 1 shows the relationship of typical sampling frequency and the system
clock frequency. MCLK frequency, SCLK frequency, HPF (ON or OFF) and master/slave are selected by CKS2-0 pins as
shown in Table 2.
All external clocks (MCLK, SCLK and LRCK) must be present unless PDN pin = “L”. If these clocks are not provided,
the AK5359 may draw excess current due to its use of internal dynamically refreshed logic. If the external clocks are not
present, place the AK5359 in power-down mode (PDN pin = “L”). In master mode, the master clock (MCLK) must be
provided unless PDN pin = “L”.
fs
MCLK
192fs
256fs
384fs
N/A
8.192MHz
12.288MHz
N/A
11.2896MHz
16.9344MHz
N/A
12.288MHz
18.432MHz
N/A
24.576MHz
36.864MHz
36.864MHz
N/A
N/A
Table 1. System Clock Example
128fs
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
24.576MHz
32kHz
44.1kHz
48kHz
96kHz
192kHz
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
HPF
L
L
L
ON
L
L
H
OFF
L
L
H
H
H
H
H
H
L
L
H
H
L
H
L
H
L
H
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
512fs
16.384MHz
22.5792MHz
24.576MHz
N/A
N/A
Master/Slave
MCLK
128/192fs (108k<fs≤216k)
Slave
256/384fs (8k≤fs≤108k)
512/768fs (8k≤fs≤54k)
128/192fs (108k<fs≤216k)
Slave
256/384fs (8k≤fs≤108k)
512/768fs (8k≤fs≤54k)
Master
256fs (8k≤fs≤108k)
Master
512fs (8k≤fs≤54k)
Master
128fs (108k<fs≤216k)
Master
192fs (108k<fs≤216k)
Master
384fs (8k≤fs≤108k)
Master
768fs (8k≤fs≤54k)
Table 2. Mode Select
768fs
24.576MHz
33.8688MHz
36.864MHz
N/A
N/A
SCLK
≥ 48fs or 32fs
≥ 48fs or 32fs
64fs
64fs
64fs
64fs
64fs
64fs
Note: SDTO outputs 16bit data at SCLK=32fs.
„ Audio Interface Format
Two kinds of data formats can be chosen with the DIF pin (Table 3). In both modes, the serial data is in MSB first, 2’s
compliment format. The SDTO is clocked out on the falling edge of SCLK. The audio interface supports both master and
slave modes. In master mode, SCLK and LRCK are output with the SCLK frequency fixed to 64fs and the LRCK
frequency fixed to 1fs.
Mode
0
1
DIF pin
L
H
SDTO
LRCK
SCLK
24bit, MSB justified
H/L
≥ 48fs or 32fs
24bit, I2S Compatible
L/H
≥ 48fs or 32fs
Table 3. Audio Interface Format
MS0428-E-00
Figure
Figure 1
Figure 2
2005/09
- 10 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
LRCK
0 1 2
20 21 22 23 24
31 0 1 2
20 21 22 23 24
31 0 1
BICK(64fs)
SDTO(o)
23 22
4 3 2 1 0
23 22
4 3 2 1 0
23
23:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 1. Mode 0 Timing
LRCK
0 1 2 3
21 22 23 24 25
0 1 2
21 22 23 24 25
0 1
BICK(64fs)
SDTO(o)
23 22
4 3 2 1 0
23 22
4 3 2 1 0
23:MSB, 0:LSB
Lch Data
Rch Data
Figure 2. Mode 1 Timing
„ Digital High Pass Filter
The ADC has a digital high pass filter for DC offset cancellation. The cut-off frequency of the HPF is 1.0Hz (@fs=48kHz)
and scales with sampling rate (fs).
HPF is controlled by CKS2-0 pins (Table 2). If HPF setting (ON/OFF) is changed at operating, click noise occurs by
changing DC offset. It is recommended that HPF setting is changed at PDN pin = “L”.
MS0428-E-00
2005/09
- 11 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
„ Power down
The AK5359 is placed in the power-down mode by bringing PDN pin “L” and the digital filter is also reset at the same
time. This reset should always be done after power-up. In the power-down mode, the VCOM are AGND level. An analog
initialization cycle starts after exiting the power-down mode. Therefore, the output data SDTO becomes available after
4129 cycles of LRCK clock in master mode or 4132 cycles of LRCK clock in slave mode. During initialization, the ADC
digital data outputs of both channels are forced to a 2’s complement “0”. The ADC outputs settle in the data
corresponding to the input signals after the end of initialization (Settling approximately takes the group delay time).
(1)
PDN
Internal
State
Normal Operation
Power-down
Initialize
Normal Operation
GD (2)
GD
A/D In
(Analog)
A/D Out
(Digital)
Clock In
MCLK,LRCK,SCLK
(3)
“0”data
Idle Noise
“0”data
Idle Noise
(4)
Notes:
(1) 4132/fs in slave mode and 4129/fs in master mode.
(2) Digital output corresponding to analog input has the group delay (GD).
(3) A/D outputs “0” data at the power-down state.
(4) When the external clocks (MCLK, SCLK and LRCK) are stopped, the AK5359 should be in the power-down state.
Figure 3. Power-down/up sequence example
„ System Reset
The AK5359 should be reset once by bringing PDN pin “L” after power-up. In slave mode, the internal timing starts
clocking by the rising edge (falling edge at mode 1) of LRCK after exiting from reset and power down state by MCLK.
The AK5359 is power down state until LRCK is input. In master mode, the internal timing starts when MCLK is input.
MS0428-E-00
2005/09
- 12 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
SYSTEM DESIGN
Figure 4 shows the system connection diagram. An evaluation board is available which demonstrates application circuits,
the optimum layout, power supply arrangements and measurement results.
Rch In
10u
+
Lch In
+
10u
2.2u
1 AINR
CKS0 16
2 AINL
CKS2 15
3 CKS1
DIF 14
4 VCOM
PDN 13
5 AGND
Analog 5V
Digital 3.3V
+
10u
0.1u
+
10u
0.1u
AK5359
Mode
Control
Reset
SCLK 12
6 VA
MCLK 11
7 VD
LRCK 10
8 DGND
SDTO 9
Audio
Controller
Analog Ground
System Ground
Note:
- AGND and DGND of the AK5359 should be distributed separately from the ground of external digital devices
(MPU, DSP etc.).
- All digital input pins should not be left floating.
- The CKS1 pin should be connected to VA or AGND.
Figure 4. Typical Connection Diagram
Digital Ground
Analog Ground
System
Controller
1
AINR
CKS0 16
2
AINL
CKS2 15
3
CKS1
DIF 14
4
VCOM
PDN 13
5
AGND
SCLK 12
6
VA
MCLK 11
7
VD
LRCK 10
8
DGND
SDTO
AK5359
9
Figure 5. Ground Layout
Note:
- AGND and DGND must be connected to the same analog ground plane.
MS0428-E-00
2005/09
- 13 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
1. Grounding and Power Supply Decoupling
The AK5359 requires careful attention to power supply and grounding arrangements. Alternatively if VA and VD are
supplied separately, the power up sequence is not critical. AGND and DGND of the AK5359 must be connected to
analog ground plane. System analog ground and digital ground should be connected together near to where the supplies
are brought onto the printed circuit board. Decoupling capacitors should be as near to the AK5359 as possible, with the
small value ceramic capacitor being the nearest.
2. Voltage Reference
The voltage input to VA sets the analog input range. VCOM are 50%VA and normally connected to AGND with a 0.1µF
ceramic capacitor. A capacitor 2.2µF is attached to VCOM pin. No load current may be drawn from these pins. All
signals, especially clocks, should be kept away from the VCOM pin in order to avoid unwanted coupling into the
AK5359.
3. Analog Inputs
The ADC inputs are single-ended and internally biased to the common voltage (50%VA) with 20kΩ (typ@fs=48kHz)
resistance. The input signal range scales with the supply voltage and nominally 0.6xVA Vpp (typ). The ADC output data
format is 2’s complement. The internal HPF removes the DC offset.
The AK5359 samples the analog inputs at 64fs (@fs=48kHz, 96kHz) or 32fs(@192kHz). The digital filter rejects noise
above the stop band except for multiples of 64fs or 32fs. The AK5359 includes an anti-aliasing filter (RC filter) to
attenuate a noise around 64fs or 32fs.
MS0428-E-00
2005/09
- 14 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
PACKAGE
16pin TSSOP (Unit: mm)
*5.0±0.1
9
A
8
1
0.13 M
6.4±0.2
*4.4±0.1
16
1.05±0.05
0.22±0.1
0.17±0.05
0.65
Detail A
0.5±0.2
0.1±0.1
Seating Plane
0.10
NOTE: Dimension "*" does not include mold flash.
0-10°
„ Material & Lead finish
Package molding compound:
Lead frame material:
Lead frame surface treatment:
Epoxy
Cu
Solder (Pb free) plate
MS0428-E-00
2005/09
- 15 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
MARKING (AK5359VT)
AKM
5359VT
XXYYY
1) Pin #1 indication
2) Date Code: XXYYY (5 digits)
XX:
Lot#
YYY: Date Code
3) Marketing Code: 5359VT
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ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
MARKING (AK5359ET)
AKM
5359ET
XXYYY
1) Pin #1 indication
2) Date Code: XXYYY (5 digits)
XX:
Lot#
YYY: Date Code
3) Marketing Code: 5359ET
MS0428-E-00
2005/09
- 17 -
ASAHI KASEI
[AK5359]
Revision History
Date (YY/MM/DD)
05/09/30
Revision
00
Reason
First Edition
Page
Contents
IMPORTANT NOTICE
• These products and their specifications are subject to change without notice. Bef ore considering
any use or application, consult the Asahi Kasei Microsystems Co., Ltd. (AKM) sales office or
authorized distributor concerning their current status.
• AKM assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other right in the
application or use of any information contained herein.
• Any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license
or other official approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to
customs and tariff s, currency exchange, or strategic materials.
• AKM products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical components in any safety, life
support, or other hazard related device or system, and AKM assumes no responsibility relating to
any such use, except with the express written consent of the Representative Director of AKM. As
used here:
a. A hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance
of saf ety or for applications in medicine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or other fields, in which its
failure to f unction or perform may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in
significant injury or damage to person or property.
b. A critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to
result, whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or
system containing it, and which must therefore meet very high standards of performance and
reliability.
• It is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of an AKM product who distributes, disposes of, or
otherwise places the product with a third party to notify that party in advance of the above content
and conditions, and the buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability
for and hold AKM harmless f rom any and all claims arising from the use of said product in the
absence of such notification.
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