A8498 Wide Input Voltage 3.0 A Step Down Regulator Features and Benefits Description ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ The A8498 is a step down regulator that will handle a wide input operating voltage range. The A8498 is supplied in a low-profile 8-lead SOIC with exposed pad (package LJ). Applications include: ▪ Applications with 8 to 50 V input voltage range needing buck regulator for 3.0 A output current ▪ Consumer equipment power ▪ Uninterruptible power supplies (lead acid battery charger) ▪ Automotive telematics: 9 to 16 V input, with higher voltage protection ▪ 12 V lighter-powered applications (portable DVD, etc.) ▪ Point of Sale (POS) applications ▪ Industrial applications with 24 or 36 V bus 8 to 50 V input range Integrated DMOS switch Adjustable fixed off-time Highly efficient Adjustable 0.8 to 24 V output Package: 8-Lead SOIC with exposed thermal pad (suffix LJ) Approximate Scale 1:1 Typical Application +42 V Efficiency vs. Output Current CBOOT 0.01 μF CIN2 220 μF 50 V VIN ENB LX L1 68 μH A8498 TSET VBIAS RTSET 63.4 k7 R1 6.34 k7 GND VOUT 3.3 V / 3 A FB D1 R2 2 k7 ESR COUT 220 μF 25 V Efficiency % BOOT CIN1 0.22 μF 90.0 88.0 86.0 84.0 82.0 80.0 78.0 76.0 74.0 72.0 70.0 VOUT (V) 5 3.3 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 IOUT (mA) Circuit for 42 V step down to 3.3 V at 3 A. Efficiency data from circuit shown in left panel. Data is for reference only. A8498-DS, Rev. 2 A8498 Wide Input Voltage 3.0 A Step Down Regulator Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristic Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Units VIN – – 50 V VBIAS –0.3 – 7 V VS –1 – – V –20 – 85 °C Load Supply Voltage, VIN pin Input Voltage, VBIAS pin Switching Voltage Input Voltage Range, ENB pin Conditions VENB Operating Ambient Temperature Range TA Junction Temperature TJ(max) – – 150 °C Storage Temperature TS –55 – 150 °C *Output current rating may be limited by duty cycle, ambient temperature, and heat sinking. Under any set of conditions, do not exceed the specified current ratings, or a junction temperature, TJ, of 150°C. Package Thermal Characteristics* Package RθJA (°C/W) PCB LJ 35 4-layer * Additional information is available on the Allegro website. Ordering Information Use the following complete part numbers when ordering: Part Numbera Packingb Description A8498SLJTR-T 13 in. reel, 3000 pieces/reel LJ package, SOIC surface mount with exposed thermal pad A8498SLJ-T aLeadframe 98 pieces/tube plating 100% matte tin. for additional packing options. bContact Allegro Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 2 A8498 Wide Input Voltage 3.0 A Step Down Regulator Functional Block Diagram BOOT VIN Boot Charge + VIN – VOUT LX L1 D1 ESR COUT ENB Switch PWM Control Switch Disable μC Clamp + TSET – I_Demand FB – Error + I_Peak COMP GND VBB UVLO TSD Soft Start Ramp Generation Bias Supply VBIAS VBIAS is connected to VOUT when VOUT target is between 3.3 and 5 V 0.8 V Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 3 A8498 Wide Input Voltage 3.0 A Step Down Regulator ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS1,2 at TA = 25°C, VIN = 8 to 50 V (unless noted otherwise) Characteristics VIN Quiescent Current VBIAS Input Current Buck Switch On Resistance Symbol IVIN(Q) IBIAS RDS(on) Fixed Off-Time Proportion Feedback Voltage Output Voltage Regulation Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units VENB = LOW, VIN = 42 V, VBIAS = 3.2 V, VFB = 1.5 V (not switching) – 0.90 1.35 mA VENB = LOW, VIN = 42 V, VBIAS < 3 V, VFB = 1.5 V – 4.4 6.35 mA VENB = HIGH – – 100 μA VBIAS = VOUT – 3.5 5 mA TA = 25°C, IOUT = 3 A – 450 – mΩ TA = 125°C, IOUT = 3 A – 650 – mΩ –15 – 15 % 0.784 0.8 0.816 V Based on calculated value VFB VOUT –3 – 3 % Feedback Input Bias Current IFB IOUT = 0 mA to 3 A –400 –100 100 nA Soft Start Time tss 5 10 15 ms Buck Switch Current Limit ICL VFB > 0.4 V 3.5 – 5 A VFB < 0.4 V 0.5 – 1.2 A ENB Open Circuit Voltage VOC Output disabled 2.0 – 7 V – – 1.0 V ENB Input Voltage Threshold VENB(0) LOW level input (Logic 0), output enabled ENB Input Current IENB(0) VENB = 0 V –10 – –1 μA VIN Undervoltage Threshold VUVLO VIN rising 6.6 6.9 7.2 V VIN Undervoltage Hysteresis VUVLO(hys) VIN falling Thermal Shutdown Temperature Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis 1Negative TJTSD TJTSD(hys) 0.7 – 1.1 V Temperature increasing – 165 – °C Recovery = TJTSD – TJTSD(hys) – 15 – °C current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the specified device pin. over the junction temperature range of 0ºC to 125ºC are assured by design and characterization. 2Specifications Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 4 A8498 Wide Input Voltage 3.0 A Step Down Regulator Functional Description The value of a resistor between the TSET pin and ground determines the fixed off-time (see graph in the tOFF section). VOUT. The output voltage is adjustable from 0.8 to 24 V, based on the combination of the value of the external resistor divider and the internal 0.8 V ±2% reference. The voltage can be calculated with the following formula: VOUT = VFB × (1 + R1/R2) (1) Light Load Regulation. To maintain voltage regulation during light load conditions, the switching regulator enters a cycle-skipping mode. As the output current decreases, there remains some energy that is stored during the power switch minimum on-time. In order to prevent the output voltage from rising, the regulator skips cycles once it reaches the minimum on-time, effectively making the off-time larger. Soft Start. An internal ramp generator and counter allow the output to slowly ramp up. This limits the maximum demand on the external power supply by controlling the inrush current required to charge the external capacitor and any dc load at startup. Internally, the ramp is set to 10 ms nominal rise time. During soft start, current limit is 3.5 A minimum. to enable the device and begin the soft start sequence. When the ENB is open circuited, the switcher is disabled and the output decays to 0 V. Protection. The buck switch will be disabled under one or more of the following fault conditions: • VIN < 6 V • ENB pin = open circuit • TSD fault When the device comes out of a TSD fault, it will go into a soft start to limit inrush current. tOFF. The value of a resistor between the TSET pin and ground determines the fixed off-time. The formula to calculate tOFF (μs) is: ⎛ 1–0.03 VBIAS ⎞ (2) ⎟ , tOFF = RTSET ⎜ 10.2 × 109 ⎝ Off-Time Setting versus Resistor Value 200 180 160 140 VBIAS = 3.3 V 100 80 60 40 20 • VIN > 6 V • ENB pin input falling edge • Reset of a TSD (thermal shut down) event ON/OFF Control. The ENB pin is externally pulled to ground VBIAS = 5 V 120 The following conditions are required to trigger a soft start: VBIAS. To improve overall system efficiency, the regulator output, VOUT, is connected to the VBIAS input to supply the operating bias current during normal operating conditions. During startup the circuitry is run off of the VIN supply. VBIAS should be connected to VOUT when the VOUT target level is between 3.3 and 5 V. If the output voltage is less than 3.3 V, then the A8498 can operate with an internal supply and pay a penalty in efficiency, as the bias current will come from the high voltage supply, VIN. VBIAS can also be supplied with an external voltage source. No power-up sequencing is required for normal operation. ⎠ where RTSET (kΩ) is the value of the resistor. Results are shown in the following graph: RTSET (kΩ) The A8498 is a fixed off-time, current-mode–controlled buck switching regulator. The regulator requires an external clamping diode, inductor, and filter capacitor, and operates in both continuous and discontinuous modes. An internal blanking circuit is used to filter out transients resulting from the reverse recovery of the external clamp diode. Typical blanking time is 200 ns. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 tOFF (µs) tON. From the volt-second balance of the inductor, the turn-on time, ton , can be calculated approximately by the equation: tON = (VOUT + Vf + IOUT RL) tOFF VIN – IOUT RDS(on) – IOUT RL – VOUT (3) where Vf is the voltage drop across the external Schottky diode, RL is the winding resistance of the inductor, and RDS(on) is the on-resistance of the switching MOSFET. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 5 A8498 Wide Input Voltage 3.0 A Step Down Regulator The switching frequency is calculated as follows: to the minimum on-time of the switcher. 1 fSW = tON + tOFF (4) The extension of the off-time is based on the value of the TSET multiplier and the FB voltage, as shown in the following table: Shorted Load. If the voltage on the FB pin falls below 0.4 V, the regulator will invoke a 1.5 A typical overcurrent limit to handle the shorted load condition at the regulator output. For low output voltages at power up and in the case of a shorted output, the offtime is extended to prevent loss of control of the current limit due VFB (V) TSET Multiplier < 0.16 8 × tOFF < 0.32 4 × tOFF < 0.5 2 × tOFF > 0.5 tOFF Component Selection L1. The inductor must be rated to handle the total load current. The value should be chosen to keep the ripple current to a reasonable value. The ripple current, IRIPPLE, can be calculated by: IRIPPLE = VL(OFF) × tOFF / L (5) VL(OFF) = VOUT + Vf + IL(AV) × RL (6) Example: Given VOUT = 5 V, Vf = 0.55 V, VIN = 42 V, ILOAD = 0.5 A, power inductor with L = 180 μH and RL = 0.5 Ω Rdc at 55°C, tOFF = 7 μs, and RDS(on) = 1 Ω. Substituting into equation 6: Substituting into equation 8: tON = 225 mA × 180 μH / 36 V = 1.12 μs Substituting into equation 7: fSW = 1 / (7 μs +1.12 μs) = 123 kHz Higher inductor values can be chosen to lower the ripple current. This may be an option if it is required to increase the total maximum current available above that drawn from the switching regulator. The maximum total current available, ILOAD(MAX) , is: ILOAD(MAX) = ICL(min) – IRIPPLE / 2 (10) where ICL(min) is 3.5 A, from the Electrical Chracteristics table. VL(OFF) = 5 V + 0.55 V+ 0.5 A × 0.5 Ω = 5.8 V D1. The Schottky catch diode should be rated to handle 1.2 times the maximum load current. The voltage rating should be higher than the maximum input voltage expected during all operating conditions. The duty cycle for high input voltages can be very close to 100%. Substituting into equation 5: IRIPPLE = 5.8 V × 7 μs / 180 μH = 225 mA The switching frequency, fSW, can then be estimated by: fSW = 1 / ( tON + tOFF ) (7) tON = IRIPPLE × L / VL(ON) (8) VL(ON) = VIN – IL(AV) × RDS(on) – IL(AV) × RL– VOUT (9) Substituting into equation 9: VL(ON) = 42 V – 0.5 A × 1 Ω – 0.5 A × 0.5 Ω – 5 V = 36 V COUT. The main consideration in selecting an output capacitor is voltage ripple on the output. For electrolytic output capacitors, a low-ESR type is recommended. The peak-to-peak output voltage ripple is simply IRIPPLE × ESR. Note that increasing the inductor value can decrease the ripple current. The ESR should be in the range from 50 to 500 mΩ. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 6 A8498 Wide Input Voltage 3.0 A Step Down Regulator RTSET Selection. Correct selection of RTSET values will ensure that minimum on time of the switcher is not violated and prevent the switcher from cycle skipping. For a given VIN to VOUT ratio, the RTSET value must be greater than or equal to the value defined by the curve in the plot below. tolerance should also be considered, so that under no operating conditions the resistance on the TSET pin is allowed to go below the minimum value. FB Resistor Selection. The impedance of the FB network should be kept low to improve noise immunity. Large value resistors can pick up noise generated by the inductor, which can affect voltage regulation of the switcher. Note. The curve represents the minimum RTSET value. When calculating RTSET , be sure to use VIN(max) / VOUT(min). Resistor 13.0 12.5 12.0 Violation of Minimum On-Time 11.5 11.0 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.0 VIN / VOUT 8.5 8.0 7.5 um im in M 7.0 6.5 6.0 e lu Va R of ET TS Safe Operating Area 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 70.0 67.5 62.5 65.0 60.0 57.5 55.0 52.5 50.0 45.0 47.5 42.5 40.0 37.5 32.5 35.0 30.0 27.5 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0 10.0 12.5 RTSET (k7) Recommended Components Component Inductor Diode CBOOT CIN1 VIN = 42 V (Through Hole) Description Part Number Sumida, 68 μH NIEC Schottky Barrier, 60 V, TO-252AA Ceramic X7A, 0.01 μF, 100 V Ceramic X7A, 0.22 μF, 50 V NSQ03A06 Generic Generic Rubycon ZL, 220 μF, 50 V 50-ZL-220-M-10 X 16 COUT Rubycon ZL, 220 μF, 25 V 25-ZL-220-M-8 X 11.5 R2 RTSET Description RCH1216BNP-680K 47 μH, 53 mΩ, 3.9 A, ±20% CIN2 R1 VIN = 24 V (SMD) 2.55 kΩ at VOUT = 1.8 V 6.34 kΩ at VOUT = 3.3 V 10.5 kΩ at VOUT = 5.0 V 2 kΩ 63.4 kΩ Schottky, 30V, 3A, SMA VIN = 12 V (SMD) Part Number Description Part Number CDRH127/LDNP-470MC 33 μH, 53 mΩ, 3.9 A, ±20% CDRH127/LDNP-330MC B330 Schottky, 20 V, 3 A, SMA B320 Ceramic, X7R, ±10%, C0603C103K5RACTU 0.01 μF / 50 V (Kemet) Ceramic, X7R, ±10%, GRM188R71H104KA93D 0.1 μF / 50 V (Murata) Aluminum electrolytic, 35 V / 82 μF, 930 mA 35V-ZAV-820-8 X 12 (two) ripple current Aluminum electrolytic , 6.3 V / 330 μF, 450 mA EEVFC0J331P (Panasonic) ripple current 2.55 kΩ at VOUT = 1.8 V 6.34 kΩ at VOUT = 3.3 V 10.5 kΩ at VOUT = 5.0 V 2 kΩ 47.5 kΩ Ceramic, X7R, ±10%, C0603C103K5RACTU 0.01 μF / 50 V (Kemet) Ceramic, X7R, ±10%, GRM188R71H104KA93D 0.1 μF / 50 V (Murata) Aluminum electrolytic, 35V-ZAV-820-8 X 12 35 V / 82 μF, 930 mA (two) ripple current Aluminum electrolytic, EEVFC0J331P 6.3 V / 330 μF, 450 mA (Panasonic) ripple current 2.55 kΩ at VOUT = 1.8 V 6.34 kΩ at VOUT = 3.3 V 10.5 kΩ at VOUT = 5.0 V 2 kΩ 35.2 kΩ Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 7 A8498 Wide Input Voltage 3.0 A Step Down Regulator Pin Out Diagram BOOT 1 8 VIN ENB 2 7 LX TSET 3 6 VBIAS GND 4 5 FB Pad Terminal List Table Number Name Description 1 BOOT Gate drive boost node 2 ENB On/off control; logic input 3 TSET Off-time setting 4 GND Ground 5 FB 6 VBIAS Feedback for adjustable regulator 7 LX Buck switching node 8 VIN Supply input Bias supply input Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 8 A8498 Wide Input Voltage 3.0 A Step Down Regulator Package LJ 8-Pin SOIC 6.20 .244 5.80 .228 0.25 [.010] M B M 8 5.00 .197 4.80 .189 8º 0º A B B 0.25 .010 0.17 .007 4.00 .157 3.80 .150 2.41 .095 NOM 1.27 .050 0.40 .016 A 1 3.30 .130 NOM 2 0.25 .010 8X SEATING PLANE 0.10 [.004] C 8X 0.51 .020 0.31 .012 1.27 .050 0.65 .026 MAX 0.25 .010 0.10 .004 1.27 .050 NOM 1.75 .069 NOM 2.41 .095 NOM 5.60 .220 NOM All dimensions reference, not for tooling use (reference JEDEC MS-012 AA) Dimensions in millimeters U.S. Customary dimensions (in.) in brackets, for reference only Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown A Terminal #1 mark area B Exposed thermal pad (bottom surface) C Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC7351 SOIC127P600X175-9AM); adjust as necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances; when mounting on a multilayer PCB, thermal vias at the exposed thermal pad land can improve thermal dissipation (reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5) C 1 3.30 .130 NOM SEATING PLANE GAUGE PLANE 1.75 .069 1.35 .053 0.25 [.010] M C A B 2X 0.20 .008 MIN C 2 6X 0.20 .008 MIN The products described herein are manufactured under one or more patents pending. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. Allegro products are not authorized for use as critical components in life-support appliances, devices, or systems without express written approval. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Copyright © 2006 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 9