AP2014/A Synchronous PWM Controller Features General Description - Synchronous Controller in 8-Pin Package - Operating with single 5V or 12V supply voltage - Internal 200KHz Oscillator (400KHz for AP2014A) - Soft-Start Function - Fixed Frequency Voltage Mode - 500mA Peak Output Drive Capability - Protects the output when control FET is shorted - SOP-8L/PDIP-8L Pb-Free package The AP2014 controller IC is designed to provide a low cost synchronous Buck regulator for on-board DC to DC converter applications. With the migration of today’s ASIC products requiring low supply voltages such as 1.8V and lower, together with currents in excess of 3A, traditional linear regulators are simply too lossy to be used when input supply is 5V or even in some cases with 3.3V input supply. The AP2014 together with dual N-channel MOSFETs such as AF9410, provide a low cost solution for such applications. This device features an internal 200KHz oscillator (400KHz for "A" version), under-voltage lockout for both Vcc and Vc supplies, an external programmable soft-start function as well as output under-voltage detection that latches off the device when an output short is detected. Applications - Graphic Card - Hard Disk Drive - DDR memory source sink Vtt application - Low cost on-board DC to DC such as 5V to 3.3V, 2.5V or 1.8V Pin Assignments Pin Descriptions (Top View) Pin Name Pin No. FB 1 8 SS FB 1 Vcc 2 7 Comp AP2014/A LDrv 3 6 Vc GND 4 5 HDrv Vcc 2 LDrv 3 SOP-8L/PDIP-8L GND 4 HDrv 5 Vc 6 Comp 7 SS 8 Description This pin is connected directly to the output of the switching regulator via resistor divider to provide feedback to the Error amplifier. This pin provides biasing for the internal blocks of the IC as well as power for the low side driver. A minimum of 1uF, high frequency capacitor must be connected from this pin to ground to provide peak drive current capability. Output driver for the synchronous power MOSFET. This pin serves as the ground pin and must be connected directly to the ground plane. A high frequency capacitor (0.1 to 1uF) must be connected from V5 and V12 pins to this pin for noise free operation. Output driver for the high side power MOSFET. This pin is connected to a voltage that must be at least 4V higher than the bus voltage of the switcher (assuming 5V threshold MOSFET) and powers the high side output driver. A minimum of 1uF, high frequency capacitor must be connected from this pin to ground to provide peak drive current capability. Compensation pin of the error amplifier. An external resistor and capacitor network is typically connected from this pin to ground to provide loop compensation. This pin provides soft-start for the switching regulator. An internal current source charges an external capacitor that is connected from this pin to ground which ramps up the output of the switching regulator, preventing it from overshooting as well as limiting the input current. The converter can be shutdown by pulling this pin below 0.5V. This datasheet contains new product information. Anachip Corp. reserves the rights to modify the product specification without notice. No liability is assumed as a result of the use of this product. No rights under any patent accompany the sale of the product. Rev. 1.2 Nov 29, 2005 1/12 AP2014/A Synchronous PWM Controller Ordering Information AP2014/A X X Package Packing S: SOP-8L N: PDIP-8L Blank : Tube A : Taping Block Diagram Vc 6 3V FbLo Comp - 20uA 0.5V + SS POR 8 POR 64uA Max Ct 1.25V 25K Fb 1 Comp 7 Error Amp + Oscillator + Error Comp R - 25K Vcc + 0.2V Vc 3.5V Q 2 Vcc 3 LDrv Reset Dom - 4.0V 5 HDrv S Bias Generator 3V 1.25V POR + 0.2V - 4 GND Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Range. Unit VCC Vcc Supply Voltage Parameter 20 V VC Vc Supply Voltage (not rated for inductive load) 32 TST Storage Temperature Range TJ Operating Junction Temperature Range șJC șJA Thermal Resistance Junction to Case Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient Anachip Corp www.anachip.com.tw V -65 to 150 o C 0 to 125 o C 90 o C/W 250 o C/W Rev. 1.2 Nov 29, 2005 2/12 AP2014/A Synchronous PWM Controller Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply over VCC=5V, VC=12V and TA=0 to 70°C. Typical values refer to TA =25°C. Low duty cycle pulse testing is used which keeps junction and case temperatures equal to the ambient temperature. Symbol Reference Voltage VFB Parameter FB Voltage LREG UVLO FB Voltage Line Regulation UVLO Threshold - VCC UVLO Hysteresis - VCC UVLO Threshold - VC UVLO Hysteresis - VC UVLO VCC UVLO VC UVLO Threshold - FB UVLO FB Conditions Min. Typ. Max. 1.225 0.784 - 1.25 0.8 0.2 1.275 0.816 0.35 % 4.0 3.1 - 4.2 0.25 3.3 0.2 4.4 3.5 - V V V V 0.4 0.6 0.8 V 0.3 0.4 0.5 V - 0.1 - V - 7 10 mA - 7 10 mA - 3.3 1 6 4.5 mA mA SS=0V 10 20 30 µA SS=3V, FB=1V SS=0V, FB=1V 450 -0.1 -64 600 750 µA µA µmho 170 340 1.225 200 400 1.25 230 460 1.275 KHz KHz V 50 85 0 50 50 150 90 0 100 100 250 95 - ns ns ns % % AP2014 AP2014A 5 < Vcc < 12 Supply Ramping Up Supply Ramping Up FB Ramping Down (AP2014) FB Ramping Down (AP2014A) UVLO Hysteresis - FB Unit V Supply Current Operation ICC VCC Operation Supply Current Operation IC VC Operation Supply Current ICCQ VCC Static Supply Current ICQ VC Static Supply Current Soft-Start Section SSIB Charge Current Error Amp IFB1 FB Voltage Input Bias Current IFB2 FB Voltage Input Bias Current gm Transconductance Oscillator Freq Frequency VRAMP Ramp-Amplitude Voltage Output Drivers Tr Rise Time Tf Fall Time TDB Dead Band Time TON Max Duty Cycle TOFF Min Duty Cycle Freq=200KHz, CL=1500pF Freq=200KHz, CL=1500pF SS=0V SS=0V AP2014 AP2014A CL =1500pF CL =1500pF FB=1V, Freq=200KHz FB=1.5V Anachip Corp www.anachip.com.tw Rev. 1.2 Nov 29, 2005 3/12 AP2014/A Synchronous PWM Controller Typical Application Circuit (1) VIN=5V Vc=12V C8 470u C11 0.1u C3 1u R3 8.2 C4 0.1u 1 2 3 4 C5 0.47u R1 820 U1 8 FB SS Vcc Comp 7 Vc 6 LDrv GND HDrv 5 C6 AP2014 10nF Q1 AF9410N L1 5.6u/9.0 R2 3.3K Vout +1.5V/7.0A Q2 AF9410N R6 22k C20 100p C12 C13 C17 470u 470u 0.1u (2) VIN=12V D2 1N4148 D1 C1 0.1uF C8 C11 470u 0.1u 1N4148 C4 0.1u R3 8.2 C3 100u 1 2 3 4 U1 FB SS Vcc Comp Vc LDrv GND HDrv AP2014 C5 0.47u R1 820 8 7 6 5 Q1 AF9410N R2 3.3K L1 5.6u/9A Vout +1.5V/7.0A C6 10nF Q2 AF9410N R6 6.8k C20 100p Option C12 C13 C17 470u 470u 0.1u Single Supply 12V Input Anachip Corp www.anachip.com.tw Rev. 1.2 Nov 29, 2005 4/12 AP2014/A Synchronous PWM Controller Typical Application Circuit (Continued) (3) VIN=12V D2 1N4148 C1 0.1uF D1 C8 C11 470u 0.1u 1N4148 C4 0.1u R3 8.2 1 2 3 4 C3 100u R1 10K U1 FB SS Vcc Comp Vc LDrv GND HDrv 8 7 6 5 R2 3K Q1 AF4910N-1 L1 10uH/6A AP2014 Vout +5V/5.0A C6 10nF C5 0.47u Q2 AF4910N-2 R6 39k C20 100p C13 C17 470u 0.1u Single Supply 12V Input (4) VIN=24V RZD 1.2K C1 0.1uF D1 470u 0.1u C4 0.1u R3 8.2 R3 8.2 1 2 3 4 U1 FB SS Vcc Comp Vc LDrv GND HDrv AP2014 C3 100u C11 1N4148 D2 1N4148 ZD 6.2V C8 C5 0.47u R1 10K 8 7 6 5 Q1-1 AF4928N-1 L1 10uH/6A R2 3.3K Vout +5V/4.0A C6 10nF Q1-2 AF4928N-2 R6 47k C20 100p C13 C17 470u 0.1u IZD(Њ15mA)=(VIN-VD2-VZD)/RZD Single Supply 24V Input Anachip Corp www.anachip.com.tw Rev. 1.2 Nov 29, 2005 5/12 AP2014/A Synchronous PWM Controller Typical Application Circuit (Continued) (5) Dual Supply, 5V Bus and 12V Bias Input 5V L1 12V + C3 100uF C1 1uF C1 0.1uF Vcc 1uH + Q1 AF9410 L2 AP2014 Comp 1.8V/1A AP1187 Vc HDrv C8 10nF R1 3.3K + C4 47uF 10uH Q2 AF9410 LDrv C5 47uF 2.5V/2A + C6 220uF Fb SS GND R2 1K R3 1K C7 0.1uF + C10 1uF C9 0.1uF Vcc Vc C11 Q3 AF9410 HDrv L3 AP2014 C14 10nF R4 3.3K Comp 10uH LDrv Q4 AF9410 3.3V/1.8A + C12 220uF Fb SS GND R6 1.65K R5 1K C13 0.1uF Dual Supply, 5V Bus and 12V Bias Input Anachip Corp www.anachip.com.tw Rev. 1.2 Nov 29, 2005 6/12 AP2014/A Synchronous PWM Controller Typical Performance Characteristics Efficiency v.s. Iout Load Regulation 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2.0% 1.6% Efficiency (%) Load Regulation (%) 1.8% 1.4% 1.2% 1.0% 0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0 0.5 1.0 3.0 5.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 15.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 3.0 5.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 15.0 Iout(A) Iout(A) Line Regulation Line Regulation 2.530 Output Voltage (V) Feedback Voltage (V) 1.260 1.255 1.250 1.245 2.525 2.520 2.515 2.510 2.505 2.500 1.240 4.5 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 4.5 15.0 5.0 7.0 Frequency v.s. Temperature Frequency v.s. Vin 210.0 240.0 205.0 230.0 Frequency (KHz) Frequency (KHz) 9.0 11.0 12.0 15.0 Vin(V) Vin(V) 200.0 195.0 190.0 185.0 180.0 220.0 210.0 200.0 190.0 180.0 170.0 160.0 175.0 150.0 4.5 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 15.0 -40 -20 0 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature (oC) Vin(V) Anachip Corp www.anachip.com.tw Rev. 1.2 Nov 29, 2005 7/12 AP2014/A Synchronous PWM Controller Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Ic and Icq v.s. Vin Icc and Iccq v.s. Vin 16.00 15.00 11.00 Ic and Icq (mA) Icc and Iccq (mA) 14.00 13.00 Icc(mA) Iccq(mA) 9.00 7.00 12.00 10.00 Ic(mA) 8.00 Icq(mA) 6.00 4.00 5.00 2.00 3.00 4.5 5 7 9 11 12 4.5 15 5 7 12 15 1.30 Icc(mA) 9.5 Ic(mA) 9.0 Icc and Ic (mA) 11 Vfb v.s. Temperature Icc and Ic v.s. Temperature Feedback Voltage (V) 10.0 9 Vin(V) Vin(V) 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20 -40 -20 0 25 50 o 75 100 125 -40 Temperature ( C) Ic(mA) 19.0 Icc(mA) 0 25 50 75 Temperature (oC) 100 125 AP2014 Ic and Icc vs Vc AP2014A Ic and Icc vs Vc 21.0 -20 20.0 Ic(mA) 18.0 17.0 16.0 15.0 14.0 13.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 Icc(mA) 2.0 3.0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 6 24 Vc(V) Anachip Corp www.anachip.com.tw 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Vc(V) Rev. 1.2 Nov 29, 2005 8/12 AP2014/A Synchronous PWM Controller Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Vout Ripple Vcc=5V; Vc=12V; Vout=2.5V Iout=0.5A, Vripple=30.8mV Vout Ripple Vcc=5V; Vc=12V; Vout=2.5V Iout=5A, Vripple=33.2mV Dead time v.s. Iout Vcc=5V, Vc=12V, Vout=2.5V, Iout=0.5A, Temp=28oC Dead time = 150ns Dead time = 150ns Phase Highside GATE Lowside GATE Dead time v.s. Iout Vcc=5V, Vc=12V, Vout=2.5V, Iout=5A , Temp=28oC Dead time = 160ns Dead time = 150ns Phase Highside GATE Lowside GATE Anachip Corp www.anachip.com.tw Rev. 1.2 Nov 29, 2005 9/12 AP2014/A Synchronous PWM Controller Function Descriptions Introduction The AP2014 is a fixed frequency, voltage mode synchronous controller and consists of a precision reference voltage, an error amplifier, an internal oscillator, a PWM comparator, 0.5A peak gate driver, soft-start and shutdown circuits (see Block Diagram). Short-Circuit Protection The outputs are protected against the short circuit. The AP2014 protects the circuit for shorted output by sensing the output voltage (through the external resistor divider). The AP2014 shuts down the PWM signals, when the output voltage drops below 0.6V (0.4V for AP2014A). The output voltage of the synchronous converter is set and controlled by the output of the error amplifier; this is the amplified error signal from the sensed output voltage and the reference voltage. The AP2014 also protects the output from over-voltaging when the control FET is shorted. This is done by turning on the sync FET with the maximum duty cycle. This voltage is compared to a fixed frequency linear sawtooth ramp and generates fixed frequency pulses of variable duty-cycle, which drives the two N-channel external MOSFETs.The timing of the IC is provided through an internal oscillator circuit which uses on-chip capacitor to set the oscillation frequency to 200 KHz (400 KHz for “A” version). Under-Voltage Lockout The under-voltage lockout circuit assures that the MOSFET driver outputs remain in the off state whenever the supply voltage drops below set parameters. Lockout occurs if VC and VCC fall below 3.3V and 4.2V respectively. Normal operation resumes once VC and VCC rise above the set values. Soft-Start The AP2014 has a programmable soft-start to control the output voltage rise and limit the current surge at the start-up. To ensure correct start-up, the soft-start sequence initiates when the VC and VCC rise above their threshold (3.3V and 4.2V respectively) and generates the Power On Reset (POR) signal. Soft-start function operates by sourcing an internal current to charge an external capacitor to about 3V. Initially, the soft-start function clamps the E/A’s output of the PWM converter. As the charging voltage of the external capacitor ramps up, the PWM signals increase from zero to the point the feedback loop takes control. IC Quiescent Power Dissipation Power dissipation for IC controller is a function of applied voltage, gate driver loads and switching frequency. The IC's maximum power dissipation occurs when the IC operating with single 12V supply voltage (Vcc=12V and Vc#24V) at 400KHz switching frequency and maximum gate loads. Page 8 show voltage vs. current, when the gate drivers loaded with 1500pF capacitors. The IC's power dissipation results to an excessive temperature rise. This should be considered when using AP2014A for such application. Marking Information (Top View) 5 8 Logo ID code: internal Part No. AP2014 : 200KHz (OSC) AP2014A : 400KHz (OSC) AP2014 X YY WW X 1 4 Xth week: 01~52 Year: "01" =2001 "02" =2002 ~ SOP-8L/PDIP-8L Anachip Corp www.anachip.com.tw Rev. 1.2 Nov 29, 2005 10/12 AP2014/A Synchronous PWM Controller Package Information H E Package Type: SOP-8L L VIEW "A" D 0.015x45 7 (4X) e B A1 C A A2 7 (4X) VIEW "A" y Symbol A A1 A2 B C D E e H L y T Dimensions In Millimeters Min. Nom. Max. 1.40 1.60 1.75 0.10 0.25 1.30 1.45 1.50 0.33 0.41 0.51 0.19 0.20 0.25 4.80 5.05 5.30 3.70 3.90 4.10 1.27 5.79 5.99 6.20 0.38 0.71 1.27 0.10 8O 0O Anachip Corp www.anachip.com.tw Dimensions In Inches Min. Nom. Max. 0.055 0.063 0.069 0.040 0.100 0.051 0.057 0.059 0.013 0.016 0.020 0.0075 0.008 0.010 0.189 0.199 0.209 0.146 0.154 0.161 0.050 0.228 0.236 0.244 0.015 0.028 0.050 0.004 0O 8O Rev. 1.2 Nov 29, 2005 11/12 AP2014/A Synchronous PWM Controller Package Information (Continued) Package Type: PDIP-8L D E1 E-PIN O0.118 inch E 15 (4X) PIN #1 INDENT O0.025 DEEP 0.006-0.008 inch C 7 (4X) A1 L A A2 eB B S Symbol A A1 A2 B B1 B2 C D E E1 e L eB S e B1 B2 Dimensions in millimeters Min. Nom. Max. 5.33 0.38 3.1 3.30 3.5 0.36 0.46 0.56 1.4 1.52 1.65 0.81 0.99 1.14 0.20 0.25 0.36 9.02 9.27 9.53 7.62 7.94 8.26 6.15 6.35 6.55 2.54 2.92 3.3 3.81 8.38 8.89 9.70 0.71 0.84 0.97 Anachip Corp www.anachip.com.tw Dimensions in inches Min. Nom. Max. 0.210 0.015 0.122 0.130 0.138 0.014 0.018 0.022 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.032 0.039 0.045 0.008 0.010 0.014 0.355 0.365 0.375 0.300 0.313 0.325 0.242 0.250 0.258 0.100 0.115 0.130 0.150 0.330 0.350 0.382 0.028 0.033 0.038 Rev. 1.2 Nov 29, 2005 12/12