PRELIMINARY CM9100 Basic Compact Cost-effective Fast-Charger Features Product Description • The CM9100 is an integrated linear-mode charger for single-cell, Lithium-ion batteries. It designed for compact and cost-sensitive handheld devices. It provides programming charge current, charge status indicator, high accuracy fast charge current and automatic charge voltage regulation. It requires no external blocking diodes or current sense resistors and needs only one external resistor to program the charging current. • • • • • • • Monolithic linear charger requires no inductors, external sense resistors or blocking diodes. A few external components are required 4.75V to 6.5V operating input voltage range. Programmable the charging current to achieve the fastest charging rate without the risk of overloading the adapter Thermal limit control of charging current prevents overheating Maximum of 1µA battery drain current Charging-current monitor output for system supervision of charging status TQFN-16, RoHS compliant lead-free package Applications • • • • The CM9100 provides Precharge, Fast-charge (constant-current), and Termination (constant-voltage) charging modes. The Precharge/Termination currents are preset to 10/5% of the Fast-charge current level. A host system can monitor the actual charge current at the ISET pin. When the chip temperature reach 140°C, the CM9100 goes into a latched shutdown mode stop charging until the chip temperature is below 140°C will gradually charge and 105°C resume fast charge. When the adapter is not present, the CM9100 draws less than 1µA of drain current from the battery in ultra low power sleep mode. Cellular phones and smart phones PDAs Portable Media Viewers Digital Still Camera Cradle Chargers The CM9100 is packaged in a miniature 16-pin TQFN. It can operate over the ambient temperature range of -40°C to 85°C. Typical Application 1k Vin VIN 4.7u VOUT 4.7u GND 5k ISET CM9100 VSTB STAT Li-ion Battery VREF 1u 0.1u © 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 06/30/06 490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 l Tel: 408.263.3214 l Fax: 408.263.7846 l www.cmd.com 1 PRELIMINARY CM9100 Package Pinout PACKAGE / PINOUT DIAGRAM TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW 11 10 NC 10 16 2 3 9 9 STAT 4 5 VSTB 13 15 GND PAD 6 NC 14 14 1 7 NC 15 13 12 11 VOUT 8 4 12 NC NC 8 3 NC 7 NC VREF NC 6 2 ISET 5 1 (Pins Up View) CM910 000QE NC GND VIN Pin 1 Marking 16 (Pins Down View) CM9100-00QE 16-Lead TQFN Package (4mm x 4mm) Note: This drawing is not to scale. PIN DESCRIPTIONS LEAD(s) NAME 1 NC No connect. 2 GND Ground pin. 3 NC No connect. 4 VREF 4.2V, 2mA reference output pin. ISET Pin to set the maximum charging current in the Fast charge (CC) mode. Also, reflects actual charging current. A resistor between this pin and ground sets the charge current, ICH: 5 DESCRIPTION × 2.5 V RISET = 1000 -----------------------------I CC 6 NC No connect. 7 NC No connect. 8 NC No connect. 9 STAT 10 NC 11 VOUT 12 NC 13 VSTB 14 NC Charging status indicator pin (open-drain output). No connect. Charger output pin No connect. 4.2V output pin, connect a cap to ground to increase stability. No connect. © 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 2 490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 l Tel: 408.263.3214 l Fax: 408.263.7846 l www.cmd.com 06/30/06 PRELIMINARY CM9100 Pin Descriptions (cont’d) PIN DESCRIPTIONS 15 NC No connect. 16 VIN Positive input supply voltage pin, which powers the charger. Ordering Information PART NUMBERING INFORMATION Lead Free Finish Pins Package Ordering Part Number1 Part Marking 16 TQFN CM9100-00QE CM910 000QE Note 1: Parts are shipped in Tape & Reel form unless otherwise specified. Specifications ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PARAMETER RATING UNITS ±2 kV [GND - 0.3] to +6.5 V ISET, STAT to GND [GND - 0.3] to +6.5 [GND - 0.3] to +6.5 V V Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 °C Operating Temperature Range (Ambient) -40 to +85 °C 300 °C ESD Protection (HBM) VIN to GND Pin Voltages VOUT, VREF, VSTB to GND Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10sec) ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (SEE NOTE 1) SYMBOL VIN PARAMETER VIN Supply Voltage CONDITIONS VIN IQ Quiescent Current Charging modes, excluding current to ISET and STAT pins. All outputs are at no load. VIN = 0V (100Ω - resistor to ground), VBAT = 4.2V VSHDN Battery Drain Current Charger Function IPR Precharge Mode Current TCC VOUT < 3.2V CC Mode Voltage Threshold MIN 4.75 TYP MAX 6.5 2 UNITS V mA 0.5 1 µA 0.85 x IPR 250 IPR = -----------------------R SET ( kΩ ) 1.14 x IPR mA 3.20 3.30 3.40 V © 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 06/30/06 490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 l Tel: 408.263.3214 l Fax: 408.263.7846 l www.cmd.com 3 PRELIMINARY CM9100 Specifications (cont’d) ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (SEE NOTE 1) SYMBOL ICC PARAMETER CONDITIONS CC Mode Charging Current VOUT > 3.5V MIN 0.92 x ICC TYP 2500 ICC = -----------------------RSET ( kΩ ) MAX 1.08 x ICC UNITS mA CV Mode Voltage Threshold 4.190 4.200 4.210 V ITERM Charge Termination Current VOUT > 4.190V 0.8 x ITERM 100 ITERM = -----------------------RSET ( kΩ ) 1.2 x ITERM mA VRCH Recharge Mode Threshold VCC 4.090 4.100 4.110 V (Note 2) 95 105 125 C (Note 3) 130 140 150 C (Note 4) 0.9 1.0 1.1 A ICC = 500mA 100 120 150 mΩ 4.190 4.200 4.210 V 4.100 4.200 4.300 V 0.1 0.5 V V Constant-temperature Mode, Limit Over-temperature Protection, Limit Over-Current Charging (OCP), Limit RDSON of Charger MOSFET VREF VREF Regulated Voltage VREF IREF < 1mA VSTB VSTB Regulated Voltage VSTB OTP OCP Control Function STAT STAT (Open Drain) Output Low Voltage ISINK = 5mA ISINK = 20mA Note 1: VIN = 5.0V. All outputs are on. TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified. Note 2: When chip temperature reaches 105°C, the IC’s internal thermal limit will maintain this temperature by decreasing the programmed charge current Note 3: When chip temperature reaches 140°C, the IC goes into a latched shutdown mode. It stops charging, stops supplying VOUT). To resume the charging function, a toggle of VIN is required. Note 4: When charging current reaches 1.2A, the IC goes into shutdown, latched mode only toggled VIN could resume the function. © 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 4 490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 l Tel: 408.263.3214 l Fax: 408.263.7846 l www.cmd.com 06/30/06 PRELIMINARY CM9100 Typical Performance Curves Charging Algorithm Battery Emulator, Cbattery = 30 mF RISET = 5 kΩ Ichg_cc=500mA CV mode = 4.2V Battery voltage Battery voltage CC mode = 3.3V Charge current Charge current Ichg_pr=50mA Ichg_term=25mA Time (2 ms/div) Time (2 ms/div) Battery Current Thresholds Battery Voltage Thresholds Functional Block Diagram VIN OCP CM9100 Current Limit VSTB OTP GND VREF Over-Temp Limit VOUT Qc Charger Control LDO ISET STAT © 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 06/30/06 490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 l Tel: 408.263.3214 l Fax: 408.263.7846 l www.cmd.com 5 PRELIMINARY CM9100 Flow Chart 4.75V < VIN < 6.5V No Yes VIN < VOUT OCP Iin > 1A Yes Stop charging and Latch ; Set STAT=OFF Stop Charging No Yes Set Precharge Mode STAT=ON OTP o Tj > 150 C Sleep mode VOUT < 4.200V-100 mV No Standby Mode Stop charging Set STAT=OFF Precharge Mode VOUT > 3.3V CC Mode No Yes Set CC mode STAT=ON Set Precharge Mode STAT=ON CV Mode Charge Done Yes No VOUT >= 4.200 V Set CV Mode ICH < Iterm Yes No © 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 6 490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 l Tel: 408.263.3214 l Fax: 408.263.7846 l www.cmd.com 06/30/06 PRELIMINARY CM9100 Application Information The CM9100 is an integrated charger with a charging profile tailored for single-cell graphite electrode (anode) Li-ion batteries. With single resistor charge current programming, the CM9100 can provide charge currents up to 1000mA, or limited to 100mA/500mA for USB input applications. The charger features the three modes required for a safe and reliable Li-ion charging profile; Precharge, Fast-charge, and Termination charge. Extensive safety features include voltage and current monitoring. A status indicator provides charge state information. From USB VIN CM9100 500 mA VOUT 100 mA 6.19k Q1 ISET Charger 25.5k nmos Figure 1. USB Input Circuit Linear Charger vs. Switching Charger Charging Li-ion Batteries A Li-ion battery charger can be either a switching or a linear regulator. A switching regulator type charger achieves higher efficiency, typical 90% or better, over a wide range of load and line conditions and generally offers a faster charging speed. However, a switching charger requires an external power inductor, which occupies substantial PC board space with added weight. Another issue with switching regulators is the switching noise and the potential EMI it generates. Once the CM9100 detects the presence of a valid AC adapter, and checks that the battery voltage at VOUT is less then VIN, it is ready to charge the Li-ion battery. In contrast, The CM9100 linear charger is implemented with a single IC, without the use of an inductor. The CM9100 provides a complete Li-ion charging control system, with integrated power MOSFETs and several important features, requiring just a few external resistors and capacitors for a compact system design. A sophisticated thermal management system addresses the concerns commonly associated with linear chargers. If the battery voltage is deeply discharged (less than 3.2V), the CM9100 will start in the Precharge mode, charging at 10% of the programmed Fast-charge current level. See Figure 2. While the battery is charging, the status pins will be set to STAT=0. The Precharge current will gradually bring the battery voltage to above 3.2V. PreCharge CC Mode CV Mode 0.8A Charging Voltage Charging Current 0.4A 4.0V 3.0V Input When using a constant-voltage, 5VDC nominal, AC adapter, the semi-regulated voltage to the charger, after accounting for the conduction losses through the power cord and connector contacts, is a voltage in the range of 5.0V to 6.0V. The USB standard specifies a 5.0V +/-5% bus voltage, capable of 500mA (High Power peripheral configuration) of current. When using a USB input, the charging current must be limited to <500mA, which is set with the RSET resistor. In a system that requires 100mA starting current until told by the host controller to go into High Power mode, the circuit in Figure 1 can be used. Q1 can be the output of the controller. 2.0V Figure 2. Typical Li-ion Battery Charging Process Once the battery voltage exceeds the 3.3V threshold, the CM9100 enters the Fast-charge, constant-current (CC) mode. The status pins will be set to STAT=0. During the CC mode, the charging current is limited by the maximum charging current, programmed with a single resistor between ISET and ground, RISET: 2.5V × 1000 IFASTCHG ( max ) = -------------------------------R ISET © 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 06/30/06 490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 l Tel: 408.263.3214 l Fax: 408.263.7846 l www.cmd.com 7 PRELIMINARY CM9100 Application Information (cont’d) Most battery manufactures recommend an optimal charging current for their battery. This is typically a time ratio related to the battery capacity, with a value of .7C to 1C, once the battery is above the Precharge voltage level. For example, a 750mAh capacity battery with recommended charge of .7C could have ICC set for about 525mA, with RISET equal to 4.75kΩ, 1%. sis). This protects the charger IC and its nearby external components from excessive temperature. The actual Fast-charge current might be further limited by either the maximum chip temperature limit, determined by the power dissipation on the CM9100 chip, the ambient temperature (TA), and the junction-toambient thermal resistance, Rth(JA). The Rth(JA) is usually determined by the IC package and the thermal resistance between the package and the PC board. In particular, a SMD IC package relies on the underlying PC board copper to move the heat away from the junction. The key to reducing the thermal resistance between the IC package and the underlying PC board is using a large copper (Cu) area for solder attach and a large ground plane underneath the charger IC to conduct the heat away. When the battery terminal voltage, sensed at VOUT, approaches 4.2V, the CM9100 enters the Termination (CV) mode. The charger then regulates its output voltage at 4.20V, and the charging current gradually decreases as the battery’s internal voltage, VOC, rises toward 4.2V. The actual charging current is now determined by the differential voltage (4.20V – VOC) and the internal impedance, Rinternal, of the Li-ion battery-pack. The CM9100 ends the charging process when charging current drops below 5% of the Fast-charge (CC) mode current level. Once terminated, the charge current is completely stopped and no trickle charge is applied. Trickle (or float) charging is not required due to the minimal self-discharge of the Li-ion cells, and they are unable to absorb overcharge, which causes plating of metallic lithium and shortens the life of the battery. Following the Termination mode, the charger will enter the Standby mode. The status pin will be set to STAT=VIN. If the wall adapter is left plugged-in while in the Standby mode, the charger will continue to monitor the battery voltage. It automatically re-charges the battery when the battery voltage drops below the re-charge threshold. When the adapter is removed, the CM9100 will drain less than 1µA from the battery. Charging Current Foldback in the Overtemperature Condition A limitation of linear chargers is that they are vulnerable to over-temperature conditions. The CM9100 will throttle down the charging current when the chip junction temperature reaches 105°C (with 10°C of hystere- The Charger IC junction temperature is determined by several factors in the following equation: (1) TJ = TA + PD + Rth( JA ) The power dissipation (PD in equation 1) of a linear charger is the product of input-output voltage differential and output current. PD = ( VIN – V OUT ) × I OUT Highest power dissipation occurs when the battery at its lowest level (3.2V), when it just starts in the Fastcharge (CC) mode. Assuming VIN = 5.0V, VBAT = 3.2V, ICC = 1A, the PD = (5V-3.2V) x 1A = 1.8W. Assuming Rth(JA) = 50°C/W, then -T = 1.8W x 50°C/W = 90°C. If the ambient temperature (TA) is 35°C, then the junction temperature (TJ) could reach 125°C without over-temperature current foldback. With over-temperature (OT) current foldback, the CM9100 will throttle down the charging current, allowing the junction temperature will reach steady-state equilibrium of 105°C, which translates into 1.4W of power dissipation, or 0.78A of charge current. As the battery voltage rises during charging, the allowable PD dissipation is increased. When the battery voltage reaches 3.6V, a full 1.0A of charging current is allowed. OTP and OCP In addition to chip temperature regulation at 105°C, the CM9100 provides absolute over-temperature shutdown protection. In the case of a malfunctioning charger control, high ambient temperature or an unexpectedly high IC thermal resistance, Rth(JA) (for example, due to faulty soldering of the charger IC chip). The CM9100 © 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 8 490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 l Tel: 408.263.3214 l Fax: 408.263.7846 l www.cmd.com 06/30/06 PRELIMINARY CM9100 Application Information (cont’d) provides an absolute OTP shutdown at junction temperature of 150°C. drops below the re-charge threshold, a new charge cycle begins. Charging status Shutdown mode is triggered by a charging fault. These include, Input current that exceeds 2.4A (OCP), the IC junction temperature exceeds 150°C (OTP). Charging stops. CM9100 provides a charging status indicator pin: STAT. This is an open-drain output, which can drive an LED directly, with up to 20mA of current sinking capability. Alternatively, the system supervisory microprocessor can monitor the battery charging status by interfacing with this pin, using a 100kΩ pull-up resistor. See Table 1. CHARGE STATUS Precharge in progress Fast-charge in progress Charge completed Charge suspended (OTP, OCP) Sleep mode is entered when the Adapter is removed (or is the wrong voltage). Charging stops. In this mode, the CM9100 draws less than 1µA of current from the battery. Component Selection STAT Low Low High High - Table 1: Charge Status for STAT The constant voltage AC Adapter must be selected carefully to minimize power losses and heat dissipation in the charger. The input supply should be between 5.0V and 6.0V. The lowest allowable input voltage will minimize heat dissipation and simplify the thermal design. Charging Control by the Host System Layout Considerations The CM9100 allows a host-system to take active control of the charging process by providing actual charging current monitoring via the 1000:1 current mirror on RISET. This is especially useful for the system’s direct control of the Termination threshold (preset to 5% of CC mode level). Because the internal thermal foldback circuit will limit the current when the IC reaches 105°C it is important to keep a good thermal interface between the IC and the PC board. It is critical that the exposed metal on the backside of the CM9100 be soldered to the PCB ground. The Cu pad should is large and thick enough to provided good thermal spreading. Thermal vias to other Cu layers provide improved thermal performance. Mode Summary Precharge mode is the typical charge starting mode for pre-conditioning a deeply discharged battery (<3.3V). A constant current of 10% of the programmed Fast-charge current is applied to raise the voltage safely above 3.3V. VIN and VOUT are high current paths and the traces should be sized appropriately for the maximum current to avoid voltage drops. Fast-charge mode is the constant current charging mode that applies most of the battery charge. A programmed constant current is applied to bring the battery voltage to 4.2V. Termination mode is the final charging mode, where a constant voltage of 4.2V is applied to the battery until the charge current drops below 5% or the programmed Fast-charge current. Standby mode is entered after a successful Termination mode and charging is done. Charging stops. In this mode, the battery is monitored, and when its voltage © 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 06/30/06 490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 l Tel: 408.263.3214 l Fax: 408.263.7846 l www.cmd.com 9 PRELIMINARY CM9100 Typical Evaluation Circuit VIN C2 0.1U 4 13 14 NC GND VOUT CM9100 NC NC VREF ISET 5 R4 499 * STAT NC NC +VBAT 12 11 C3 4.7U THERM 10 9 R7 10K R6 500 D1 GLED NC 8 3 NC 7 2 NC 6 1 Li-ion Battery NC VSTB THERMISTOR VIN 15 16 C1 4.7U R5 5K © 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 10 490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 l Tel: 408.263.3214 l Fax: 408.263.7846 l www.cmd.com 06/30/06 PRELIMINARY CM9100 Mechanical Details TQFN-16 Mechanical Specifications Mechanical Package Diagrams The CM9100-00QE is supplied in a 16-lead, 4.0mm x 4.0mm TQFN package. Dimensions are presented below. D For complete information on the TQFN16, see the California Micro Devices TQFN Package Information document. E PACKAGE DIMENSIONS Package TQFN-16 (4x4) Leads 16 Millimeters Inches Min Nom Max Min Nom Max A 0.07 0.75 0.80 0.28 0.030 0.031 A1 0.00 0.05 0.00 A3 0.20 REF 0.30 0.35 0.010 0.012 0.014 D 3.90 4.00 4.10 0.154 0.157 0.161 1.95 REF 0.077 2.00 2.10 2.20 0.079 0.083 0.087 E 3.90 4.00 4.10 0.154 0.157 0.161 1.95 REF 2.00 e 2.10 0.45 2.20 0.079 0.65 0.018 0.083 0.087 A D1 0.026 0.022 0.026 3000 pieces E1 # per tape and reel 0.55 A3 A1 SIDE VIEW 0.077 0.65 TYP. L 0.10 C 0.08 C D2 E2 TOP VIEW .008 0.25 E1 0.15 C 0.002 b D1 0.15 C E2 Dim. Pin 1 Marking Controlling dimension: millimeters D2 L DAP SIZE 1.8 X 1.8 b e 16X 0.10 M CAB BOTTOM VIEW Package Dimensions for 16-Lead TQFN © 2006 California Micro Devices Corp. All rights reserved. 06/30/06 490 N. McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-5112 l Tel: 408.263.3214 l Fax: 408.263.7846 l www.cmd.com 11