Agilent HCMS-39x2 and HCMS-39x4 3.3 V High Performance CMOS 5x7 AlphaNumeric Displays Data Sheet HCMS-3902, HCMS-3962, HCMS-3912, HCMS-3972, HCMS-3904, HCMS-3964, HCMS-3914, HCMS-3974 Description The 3.3 V HCMS-39xx family is similar to the 5.0 V HCMS-29xx family, except it operates at a lower operating voltage. Package dimensions and pin outs are exactly the same for both families. The product has been thoroughly characterized and stringent reliability tested to ensure that the product is of high quality. Similar to the 5.0 V platform, this family product is a high performance, easy to use dot matrix display driven by on-board CMOS IC. Each display can be directly interfaced with a microprocessor, thus eliminating the need for cumbersome interface components. The serial IC interface allows higher character count information displays with a minimum of data lines. The easy to read 5x7 pixel format allows the display of upper case, lower case, Katakana, and custom userdefined characters. These displays are stackable in the x- and ydirections, making them ideal for high character count displays. Features • Easy to use • Interfaces directly with microprocessors • 0.15" character height in 4 and 8 character package • 0.20" character height in 4 and 8 character package • Rugged X- and Y-stackable package • Serial input • Convenient brightness controls • Wave solderable • Low power CMOS technology • TTL compatible • 3.3 V operating voltage Applications • Telecommunications equipment • Portable data entry devices • Computer peripherals • Medical equipment • Test equipment • Business machines • Avionics • Industrial controls ESD WARNING: STANDARD CMOS HANDLING PRECAUTIONS SHOULD BE OBSERVED TO AVOID STATIC DISCHARGE Package Dimensions 17.78 (0.700) MAX. PIN FUNCTION ASSIGNMENT TABLE PIN # FUNCTION 4.45 (0.175) TYP. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2.22 (0.087) SYM. 12 3.71 (0.146) TYP. 1 2 3 4 10.16 (0.400) MAX. 1 2.11 (0.083) TYP. DATE CODE LIGHT INTENSITY CATEGORY COLOR BIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN PIN # 1 IDENTIFIER PART NUMBER 5.08 (0.200) DATA OUT OSC V LED DATA IN RS CLK CE BLANK GND SEL V LOGIC RESET 0.25 (0.010) HCMS-390x X Z YYWW COO 0.51 (0.020) PIN # 1 0.51 ± 0.13 TYP. (0.020 ± 0.005) 4.32 TYP. (0.170) 2.54 SYM. (0.100) 2.54 ± 0.13 TYP. (0.100 ± 0.005) (NON ACCUM.) 1.27 SYM. (0.050) 7.62 (0.300) NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN mm (INCHES). 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCE ON DIMENSIONS IS ± 0.38 mm (0.015 INCH). 3. LEAD MATERIAL: SOLDER PLATED COPPER ALLOY. Figure 1. HCMS-390X package dimensions. 2 Package Dimensions, continued PIN FUNCTION ASSIGNMENT TABLE PIN # FUNCTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 35.56 (1.400) MAX. 2.22 (0.087) SYM. 4.45 TYP. (0.175) 26 3.71 TYP. (0.146) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.16 (0.400) MAX. 3 2.11 (0.083) TYP. DATE CODE (YEAR, WEEK) PIN # 1 IDENTIFIER INTENSITY CATEGORY COLOR BIN PART NUMBER COUNTRY OF ORIGIN 0.51 (0.020) HCMS-391x YYWW NO PIN NO PIN V LED NO PIN NO PIN NO PIN GND LED NO PIN NO PIN V LED NO PIN NO PIN NO PIN DATA IN RS NO PIN CLOCK CE BLANK GND LOGIC SEL V LOGIC NO PIN RESET OSC DATA OUT X Z COO 0.25 (0.010) 5.08 (0.200) 4.32 (0.170)TYP. 2.54 SYM. (0.100) 0.51 ± 0.13 (0.020 ± 0.005) TYP. 1.27 (0.050)SYM. 2.54 ± 0.13 TYP. (0.100 ± 0.005) (NON ACCUM.) NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN mm (INCHES). 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCE ON DIMENSIONS IS ± 0.38 mm (0.015 INCH). 3. LEAD MATERIAL: SOLDER PLATED COPPER ALLOY. Figure 2. HCMS-391X Package dimensions. 3 7.62 (0.300) Package Dimensions, continued PIN FUNCTION ASSIGNMENT TABLE PIN # FUNCTION 21.46 (0.845) MAX. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2.67 (0.105) SYM. 2.54 (0.100) TYP. 4.57 (0.180)TYP. 0 1 2 3 11.43 (0.450) MAX. DATA OUT OSC V LED DATA IN RS CLK CE BLANK GND SEL V LOGIC RESET 5.36 (0.211) TYP. PIN # 1 IDENTIFIER DATE CODE (YEAR, WEEK) INTENSITY CATEGORY COLOR BIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN PART NUMBER HCMS-396x YYWW X Z 0.25 (0.010) 5.31 (0.209) COO 0.51 ± 0.13 (0.020 ± 0.005) TYP. 2.54 ± 0.13 TYP. (0.100 ± 0.005) 0.072 (1.83)SYM. NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN mm (INCHES). 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, THE TOLERANCE ON DIMENSIONS IS ± 0.38 mm (0.015 INCH). 3. LEAD MATERIAL: SOLDER PLATED COPPER ALLOY. Figure 3. HCMS-396X Package dimensions. 4 3.71 (0.146) TYP. 0.50 (0.020) 0.169 (4.28) SYM. 7.62 (0.300) Package Dimensions, continued PIN FUNCTION ASSIGNMENT TABLE PIN # FUNCTION 42.93 (1.690) MAX. 2.67 (0.105) SYM. 5.36 (0.211) TYP. 26 4.57 TYP. (0.180) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11.43 (0.450) MAX. 3 2.54 (0.100) TYP. PIN # 1 IDENTIFIER HCMS-397x YYWW NO PIN NO PIN V LED NO PIN NO PIN NO PIN GND LED NO PIN NO PIN V LED NO PIN NO PIN NO PIN DATA IN RS NO PIN CLOCK CE BLANK GND LOGIC SEL V LOGIC NO PIN RESET OSC DATA OUT DATE CODE (YEAR, WEEK) INTENSITY CATEGORY COLOR BIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN PART NUMBER 0.51 (0.020) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 X Z COO 0.25 (0.010) 5.31 (0.209) 3.71 (0.146)TYP. 6.22 (0.245) SYM. 0.51 ± 0.13 TYP. (0.020 ± 0.005) 2.54 ± 0.13 TYP. (0.100 ± 0.005) (NON ACCUM.) 1.90 (0.075) SYM. NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN mm (INCHES). 2. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCE ON DIMENSIONS IS ± 0.38 mm (0.015 INCH). 3. LEAD MATERIAL: SOLDER PLATED COPPER ALLOY. Figure 4. HCMS-397X Package dimensions. 5 7.62 (0.300) Device Selection Guide Description Red Orange 1 x 4 0.15" Character HCMS-3902 HCMS-3904 1 x 8 0.15" Character HCMS-3912 HCMS-3914 1 x 4 0.20" Character HCMS-3962 HCMS-3964 1 x 8 0.20" Character HCMS-3972 HCMS-3974 Absolute Maximum Ratings Logic Supply Voltage, VLOGIC to GNDLOGIC .......................... -0.3 V to 7.0 V LED Supply Voltage, VLED to GNDLED .................................... -0.3 V to 5.5 V Input Voltage, Any Pin to GND ............................................... -0.3 V to VLOGIC +0.3 V Free Air Operating Temperature Range TA[1] ..................... -40°C to +85°C Relative Humidity (non-condensing) ..................................... 85% Storage Temperature, TS . ........................................................ -55°C to 100°C Wave Solder Temperature 1.59 mm (0.063 in.) below Body ........................................... 250°C for 3 secs ESD Protection @ 1.5 kΩ, 100 pF (each pin) ........................ Class 1, 0-1999 V TOTAL Package Power Dissipation at TA = 25°C[1] 4 character ............................................................................. 0.766 W 8 character ............................................................................. .1.532 W 16 character . ........................................................................... 3.064 W Note: 1. For operation in high ambient temperatures, see Appendix A, Thermal Considerations. Recommended Operating Conditions over Temperature Range (-40°C to +85°C) Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Units Logic Supply Voltage[1] VLOGIC 3.1 5.5 V LED Supply Voltage[1] VLED 3.1 5.5 V GNDLED to GNDLOGIC[1] – -0.3 +0.3 V Note: 1. For further description, see Appendix B, Electrical Considerations, “VLOGIC and VLED Considerations”. 6 Electrical Characteristics over Operating Temperature Range (-40°C to +85°C) Parameter Symbol Input Leakage Current HCMS-390X/396X (4 char) HCMS-391X/397X (8 char) II ILOGIC OPERATING HCMS-390X/396X (4 char) HCMS-391X/397X (8 char) ILOGIC (OPT) ILOGIC SLEEP[1] HCMS-390X/396X (4 char) HCMS-391X/397X (8 char) ILOGIC (SLP) ILED BLANK HCMS-390X/396X (4 char) HCMS-391X/397X (8 char) ILED (BL) ILED SLEEP[1] HCMS-390X/396X (4 char) HCMS-391X/397X (8 char) ILED (SLP) Peak Pixel Current[2] IPIXEL HIGH level input voltage VIH LOW level input voltage VIL HIGH level output voltage VOH LOW level output voltage VOL Thermal Resistance Rθ J-P TA = 25°C VLOGIC = 3.3 V Typ. Max. +7.5 +15 -40°C < TA < 85°C 3.0 V < VLOGIC < 5.5 V Min. Max. -2.5 -5.0 Units Test Conditions µA VIN = 0 V to VLOGIC mA VIN = VLOGIC µA VIN = VLOGIC mA BL = 0 V +50 +100 0.4 0.8 2.5 5 5 10 5 10 15 30 25 50 2.0 4.0 4.0 8.0 4.0 8.0 7.5 15 20 40 50 100 14.0 15.9 17.1 µA 2.4 0.4 2.4 0.4 mA VLED = 5.5 V. All pixels ON, average value per pixel V 3.0 V < VLOGIC < 5.5 V V 3.0 V < VLOGIC < 5.5 V V 3.0 V < VLOGIC < 5.5 V V 3.0 V < VLOGIC < 5.5 V oC/W 70 Notes: 1. In SLEEP mode, the internal oscillator and reference current for LED drivers are off. 2. Average peak pixel current is measured at the maximum drive current set by Control Register 0. Individual pixels may exceed this value. Optical Characteristics at 25°C ± 1°C[1] VLED = 3.3 V, 100% Peak Current, 100% Pulse Width[2] Display Color Luminous Intensity per LED[3] Character Average (µcd) Minimum Typ. Peak Wavelength λPeak (nm) Typ. Dominant Wavelength λd[4] (nm) Typ. Red 30 128 641 628 Orange 30 128 592 588 Notes: 1. Refers to the initial case temperature of the device immediately prior to measurement. 2. For comparison purpose with existing HCMS-29xx 5 V devices. The Typical and Minimum Luminous Intensity per LED Character Average can be calculated by dividing the values in the table by two for the test condition 50% Peak Current, 100% Pulse Width and VLED = 3.3 V. 3. Measured with all LEDs illuminated in a digit. 4. Dominant wavelength, λd , is derived from the CIE chromaticity diagram and represents the single wavelength which defines the perceived LED color. 7 Electrical Description Pin Function RESET (RST) DATA IN (DIN) DATA OUT (DOUT) CLOCK (CLK) REGISTER SELECT (RS) CHIP ENABLE (CE) OSCILLATOR SELECT OSCILLATOR (OSC) BLANK (BL) GNDLED GNDLOGIC VLED VLOGIC 8 Description Sets Control Register bits to logic low. The Dot Register contents are unaffected by the Reset pin. (logic low = reset; logic high = normal operation). Serial Data input for Dot or Control Register data. Data is entered on the rising edge of the Clock input. Serial Data output for Dot or Control Register data. This pin is used for cascading multiple displays. Clock input for writing Dot or Control Register data. When Chip Enable is logic low, data is entered on the rising Clock edge. Selects Dot Register (RS = logic low) or Control Register (RS = logic high) as the destination for serial data entry. The logic level of RS is latched onthe falling edge of the Chip Enable input. This input must be a logic low to write data to the display. When CE returns to logic high and CLK is logic low, data is latched to either the LED output drivers or a Control Register. Selects either an internal or external display oscillator source. (SEL) (logic low = External Display Oscillator; logic high = Internal Display Oscillator). Output for the Internal Display Oscillator (SEL = logic high) or input for an External Display Oscillator (SEL = logic low). Blanks the display when logic high. May be modulated for brightness control. Ground for LED drivers. Ground for logic. Positive supply for LED drivers. Positive supply for logic. AC Timing Characteristics over Temperature Range (-40 to +85°C) Timing Diagram Ref. Number Description Symbol 4.5 V<VLOGIC < 5.5 V VLOGIC = 3 V Min. Max. Min. Max. Units 1 Register Select Setup Time to Chip Enable trss 10 10 ns 2 Register Select Hold Time to Chip Enable trsh 10 10 ns 3 Rising Clock Edge to Falling Chip Enable Edge tclkce 20 20 ns 4 Chip Enable Setup Time to Rising Clock Edge tces 35 55 ns 5 Chip Enable Hold Time to Rising Clock Edge tceh 20 20 ns 6 Data Setup Time to Rising Clock Edge tds 10 10 ns 7 Data Hold Time after Rising Clock Edge tdh 10 10 ns 8 Rising Clock Edge to DOUT [1] tdout 10 9 Propagation Delay DIN to DOUT Simultaneous Mode for one IC[1,2] tdoutp 10 CE Falling Edge to DOUT Valid tcedo 11 Clock High Time tclkh 80 100 ns 12 Clock Low Time tclkl 80 100 ns Reset Low Time trstl 50 50 ns Clock Frequency F cyc Internal Display Oscillator Frequency Finosc 80 210 Internal Refresh Frequency Frf 150 External Display Oscillator Frequency Prescaler = 1 Prescaler = 8 Fexosc 51.2 410 Notes: 1. Timing specifications increase 0.3 ns per pf of capacitive loading above 15 pF. 2. This parameter is valid for Simultaneous Mode data entry of the Control Register. 9 40 10 65 ns 18 30 ns 25 45 ns 5 4 MHz 80 210 KHz 410 150 410 Hz 1000 8000 51.2 410 1000 8000 KHz KHz Display Overview The HCMS-39XX series is a family of LED displays driven by on-board CMOS ICs. The LEDs are configured as 5x7 font characters and are driven in groups of 4 characters per IC. Each IC consists of a 160-bit shift register (the Dot Register), two 7-bit Control Words, and refresh circuitry. The Dot Register contents are mapped on a one-toone basis to the display. Thus, an individual Dot Register bit uniquely controls a single LED. Eight-character displays have two ICs that are cascaded. The Data Out line of the first IC is internally connected to the Data In line of the second IC forming a 320-bit Dot Register. The display’s other control and power lines are connected directly to both ICs. Reset Reset initializes the Control Registers (sets all Control Register bits to logic low) and places the display in the sleep mode. The Reset pin should be connected to the system power on reset circuit. The Dot Registers are not cleared upon power-on or by Reset. After power-on, the Dot Register contents are random; however, Reset will put the display in sleep mode, thereby blanking the LEDs. The Control Register and the Control Words are cleared to all zeros by Reset. To operate the display after being Reset, load the Dot Register with logic lows. Then load Control Word 0 with the desired brightness level and set the sleep mode bit to logic high. Dot Register The Dot Register holds the pattern to be displayed by the LEDs. Data is loaded into the Dot Register according to the procedure shown in Table 1 and Figure 5. First RS is brought low, then CE is brought low. Next, each successive rising CLK edge will shift in the data at the DIN pin. Loading a logic high will turn the corresponding LED on; a logic low turns the LED off. When all 160 bits have been loaded (or 320 bits in an 8-digit display), CE is brought to logic high. When CLK is next brought to logic low, new data is latched into the display dot drivers. Loading data into the Dot Register takes place while the previous data is displayed and eliminates the need to blank the display while loading data. Table 1. Register Truth Table Function CLK CE RS Select Dot Register Not Rising ↓ L Load Dot Register DIN = HIGH LED = “ON” DIN = LOW LED = “OFF” ↑ L X Copy Data from Dot Register to Dot Latch L H X Select Control Register Not Rising ↓ H Load Control Register[1,3] ↑ L X Latch Data to Control Word[2] L H X Notes: 1. BIT D0 of Control Word 1 must have been previously set to Low for serial mode or High for simultaneous mode. 2. Selection of Control Word 1 or Control Word 0 is set by D7 of the Control Shift Register. The unselected control word retains its previous value. 3. Control Word data is loaded Most Significant Bit (D7) first. 10 RS TRSS TRSH 1 2 CE T CLKCE T CES 3 T CLKH 4 11 TCLKL 12 T CEH 5 CLK TDS 6 T DH NEW DATA LATCHED HERE [1] 7 DIN T CEDO TDOUT 10 8 DOUT (SERIAL) T DOUTP 9 DOUT (SIMULTANEOUS) LED OUTPUTS, CONTROL REGISTERS PREVIOUS DATA NOTE: 1. DATA IS COPIED TO THE CONTROL REGISTER OR THE DOT LATCH AND LED OUTPUTS WHEN CE IS HIGH AND CLK IS LOW. Figure 5. HCMS-39XX write cycle timing diagram. Pixel Map In a 4-character display, the 160bits are arranged as 20 columns by 8 rows. This array can be conceptualized as four 5 x 8 dot matrix character locations, but only 7 of the 8 rows have LEDs (see Figures 6 & 7). The bottom row (row 0) is not used. Thus, latch location 0 is never displayed. Column 0 controls the left-most column. Data from Dot Latch locations 0-7 determine whether or not pixels in Column 11 0 are turned-on or turned-off. Therefore, the lower left pixel is turned-on when a logic high is stored in Dot Latch location 1. Characters are loaded in serially, with the left-most character being loaded first and the rightmost character being loaded last. By loading one character at a time and latching the data before loading the next character, the figures will appear to scroll from right to left. NEW DATA DATA OUT RS (LATCHED) H L DATA IN L CLK H H SER/PAR MODE CHIP ENABLE DATA IN REGISTER SELECT CONTROL REGISTER CLR D Q L DI 40 BIT S.R. DO DATA OUT DI 40 BIT S.R. DO DI 40 BIT S.R. DO DOT REGISTERS AND LATCHES RS (LATCHED) V LED + REFRESH CONTROL CURRENT REFERENCE ANODE CURRENT SOURCES RST RESET PWM BRIGHTNESS CONTROL H L H DOT REGISTER BIT # 159 CATHODE FIELD DRIVERS ÷8 OSC 3:8 DECODER PRESCALE VALUE ROW 7 0xxxx xxxxx xxxxx CHAR 1 CHAR 2 ROW 1 x x x x x ROW 0 (NO LEDS) L OSCILLATOR COLUMN 0 L H CHAR 0 OSC SELECT GND (LED) BLANK Figure 6. Block diagram for HCMS-39xx. 12 DI 40 BIT S.R. DO COLUMN 19 CHAR 3 PIXEL DATA TO NEXT CHARACTER DATA FROM PREVIOUS CHARACTER ROW 7 ROW 6 ROW 5 ROW 4 ROW 3 ROW 2 ROW 1 ROW 0 (NOT USED) Figure 7. Pixel map. Control Register The Control Register allows software modification of the IC’s operation and consists of two independent 7-bit control words. Bit D7 in the shift register selects one of the two 7-bit control words. Control Word 0 performs pulse width modulation 13 brightness control, peak pixel current brightness control, and sleep mode. Control Word 1 sets serial/simultaneous data out mode, and external oscillator prescaler. Each function is independent of the others. Control Register Data Loading Data is loaded into the Control Register, MSB first, according to the procedure shown in Table 1 and Figure 5. First, RS is brought to logic high and then CE is brought to logic low. Next, each successive rising CLK edge will shift in the data on the DIN pin. Finally, when 8 bits have been loaded, the CE line is brought to logic high. When CLK goes to logic low, new data is copied into the selected control word. Loading data into the Control Register takes place while the previous control word configures the display. 14 Control Word 0 Loading the Control Register with D7 = Logic low selects Control Word 0 (see Table 2). Bits D0 -D3 adjust the display brightness by pulse width modulating the LED on time, while Bits D4 -D5 adjusts the display brightness by changing the peak pixel current. Bit D6 selects normal operation or sleep mode. Sleep mode (Control Word 0, bit D6 = Low) turns off the Internal Display Oscillator and the LED pixel drivers. This mode is used when the IC needs to be powered up, but does not need to be active. Current draw in sleep mode is nearly zero. Data in the Dot Register and Control Words are retained during sleep mode. Control Word 1 Loading the Control Register with D7 = logic high selects Control Word 1. This Control Word performs two functions: serial/ simultaneous data out mode and external oscillator prescale select (see Table 2). Table 2. Control Shift Register. CONTROL WORD 0 L ↑ D6 D5 D4 D3 Bit D7 Set Low to Select Control Word 0 D2 D1 D0 On-Time Duty Relative Oscillator Factor Brightness Cycles (%) (%) 0 0 0 1 0.2 1.7 2 0.4 3.3 3 0.6 5.0 4 0.8 6.7 5 1.0 8.3 7 1.4 11.7 9 1.8 15 11 2.1 18 14 2.7 23 18 3.5 30 22 4.3 37 28 5.5 47 36 7.0 60 48 9.4 80 60 11.7 100 PWM Brightness Control L L L L L L L H L L H L L L H H L H L L L H L H L H H L L H H H H L L L H L L H H L H L H L H H H H L L H H L H H H H L H H H H Peak Current Brightness Control H L L H L L H H SLEEP MODE Typical Peak Pixel Current (mA) 4.0 6.4 9.3 12.8 Relative Full Scale Current (Relative Brightness, %) 31 50 73 (Default at Power Up) 100 L – DISABLES INTERNAL OSCILLATOR-DISPLAY BLANK H – NORMAL OPERATION CONTROL WORD 1 H ↑ Bit D7 Set High to Select Control Word 1 L L L L Reserved for Future Use (Bits D2-D6 must be set Low) L D1 D0 Serial/Simultaneous Data Out L – DOUT holds contents of Bit D7 H – DOUT is functionally tied to Din External Display Oscillator Prescaler L – Oscillator Freq ÷ 1 H – Oscillator Freq ÷ 8 15 Serial/Simultaneous Data Output D0 Bit D0 of control word 1 is used to switch the mode of DOUT between serial and simultaneous data entry during Control Register writes. The default mode (logic low) is the serial DOUT mode. In serial mode, DOUT is connected to the last bit (D7) of the Control Shift Register. Storing logic high to bit D0 changes DOUT to simultaneous mode, which affects the Control Register only. In simultaneous mode, DOUT is logically connected to DIN. This arrangement allows multiple ICs to have their Control Registers written to simultaneously. For example, for n ICs in the serial mode, n * 8 clock pulses are needed to load the same data in all Control Registers. In the simultaneous mode, n ICs only need 8 clock pulses to load the same data in all Control Registers. The propagation delay from the first IC to the last is n * tDOUTP. External Oscillator Prescaler Bit D1 Bit D1 of Control Word 1 is used to scale the frequency of an external Display Oscillator. When this bit is logic low, the external Display Oscillator directly sets 16 the internal display clock rate. When this bit is logic high, the external oscillator is divided by 8. This scaled frequency then sets the internal display clock rate. It takes 512 cycles of the display clock (or 8 x 512 = 4096 cycles of an external clock with the divide by 8 prescaler) to completely refresh the display once. Using the prescaler bit allows the designer to use a higher external oscillator frequency without extra circuitry. This bit has no affect on the internal Display Oscillator Frequency. Bits D2 -D6 These bits must always be programmed to logic low. Cascaded ICs Figure 8 shows how two ICs are connected within an HCMS-39XX display. The first IC controls the four left-most characters and the second IC controls the four rightmost characters. The Dot Registers are connected in series to form a 320-bit dot shift register. The location of pixel 0 has not changed. However, Dot Shift Register bit 0 of IC2 becomes bit 160 of the 320-bit dot shift register. The Control Registers of the two ICs are independent of each other. This means that to adjust the display brightness the same control word must be entered into both ICs, unless the Control Registers are set to simultaneous mode. Longer character string systems can be built by cascading multiple displays together. This is accomplished by creating a fiveline bus. This bus consists of CE, RS, BL, Reset, and CLK. The display pins are connected to the corresponding bus line. Thus, all CE pins are connected to the CE bus line. Similarly, bus lines for RS, BL, Reset, and CLK are created. Then DIN is connected to the right-most display. DOUT from this display is connected to the next display. The left-most display receives its DIN from the DOUT of the display to its right. DOUT from the left-most display is not used. Each display may be set to use its internal oscillator, or the displays may be synchronized by setting up one display as the master and the others as slaves. The slaves are set to receive their oscillator input from the master’s oscillator output. CE RS BL RESET CLK CE CE RS RS BL BL RESET RESET CLK DOUT CLK DIN DOUT SEL SEL OSC OSC OSC SEL DIN Figure 8. Cascaded ICs. 17 DOUT IC1 BITS 0-159 CHARACTERS 0-3 IC2 BITS 160-319 CHARACTERS 4-7 DIN Appendix A. Thermal Considerations one ounce copper traces. PD can be calculated as Equation 2 in Table 3. The display IC has a maximum junction temperature of 150°C. The IC junction temperature can be calculated with Equation 1 in Table 3. A typical value for RθJA is 100°C/ W. This value is typical for a display mounted in a socket and covered with a plastic filter. The socket is soldered to a .062 inch thick PCB with .020-inch wide, Figure 9 shows how to derate the power of one IC versus ambient temperature. Operation at high ambient temperatures may require the power per IC to be reduced. The power consumption can be reduced by changing the N, IPIXEL , Osc cyc or VLED. Changing VLOGIC has very little impact on the power consumption. 1.3 1.2 Rθ J-A = 100°C/W PD MAX – MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION PER IC – W 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 TA– AMBIENT TEMPERATURE – °C Figure 9. Maximum power dissipation per IC versus ambient temperature. 18 Appendix B. Electrical Considerations Current Calculations The peak and average display current requirements have a significant impact on power supply selection. The maximum peak current is calculated with Equation 3 in Table 3. The average current required by the display can be calculated with Equation 4 in Table 3. The power supply has to be able to supply IPEAK transients and supply ILED (AVG) continuously. The range on VLED allows noise on this supply without significantly changing the display brightness. Table 3. Equations. Equation 1: TJ MAX = TA + PD * RθJA Where: TJ MAX = maximum IC junction temperature TA = ambient temperature surrounding the display RθJA = thermal resistance from the IC junction to ambient P D = total power dissipation Equation 2: PD = (N * IPIXEL * Duty Factor * VLED) + ILOGIC * VLOGIC Where: P D = total power dissipation N = number of pixels on (maximum 4 char * 5 * 7 = 140) IPIXEL = peak pixel current. Duty Factor = 1/8 * Osccyc/64 Osc cyc = number of ON oscillator cycles per row ILOGIC = IC logic current VLOGIC = logic supply voltage Equation 3: IPEAK = M * 20 * IPIXEL Where: IPEAK = maximum instantaneous peak current for the display M = number of ICs in the system 20 = maximum number of LEDs on per IC IPIXEL = peak current for one LED Equation 4: ILED (AVG) = N * IPIXEL * 1/8 * (oscillator cycles)/64 (See Variable Definitions above) 19 VLOGIC and VLED Considerations The display uses two independent electrical systems. One system is used to power the display’s logic and the other to power the display’s LEDs. These two systems keep the logic supply clean. Separate electrical systems allow the voltage applied to VLED and VLOGIC to be varied independently. Thus, VLED can vary from 0 to 5.5 V without affecting either the Dot or the Control Registers. VLED can be varied between 3.1 to 5.5 V without much noticeable variation in light output to the human eyes. There is also no pixel mismatch observed. The intensity of the light output takes a plunge if operated less than 3.1 V. There is also no pixel mismatch observed at voltage as low as 2.6 V. However, operating below 3.1 V is not recommended. Dimming the display by pulse width modulating VLED is also not recommended. VLOGIC can vary from 3.0 to 5.5 V without affecting either the displayed message or the display intensity. However, operating below 3 V may change the timing and logic levels and may cause Dot and Control Registers to be altered. Thus, operation of the display below 3.0 V is not recommended. The logic ground is internally connected to the LED ground by a substrate diode. This diode becomes forward biased and conducts when the logic ground is 0.4 V greater than the LED ground. The LED ground and the logic ground should be connected to a common ground, which can withstand the current introduced by the switching LED drivers. When separate ground connections are used, the LED ground can vary from -0.3 V to +0.3 V with respect to the logic ground. Voltages below -0.3 V can cause all the dots to be ON. Voltage above +0.3 V can cause dimming and dot mismatch. Using a decoupling capacitor between the power supply and ground will help prevent any supply noise in the frequency range greater than that of the functioning display from interfering with the display’s internal circuitry. The value of the capacitor depends on the series resistance from the ground back to the power supply and the range of frequencies that need to be suppressed. It is also advantageous to use the largest ground plane possible. 20 Electrostatic Discharge The inputs to the ICs are protected against static discharge and input current latch up. However, for best results, standard CMOS handling precautions should be used. Before use, the HCMS-39XX should be stored in antistatic tubes or in conductive material. During assembly, a grounded conductive work area should be used and assembly personnel should wear conductive wrist straps. Lab coats made of synthetic material should be avoided since they are prone to static buildup. Input current latch up is caused when the CMOS inputs are subjected to either a voltage below ground (VIN < ground) or to a voltage higher than VLOGIC (VIN > VLOGIC) and when a high current is forced into the input. To prevent input current latch up and ESD damage, unused inputs should be connected to either ground or VLOGIC. Voltages should not be applied to the inputs until VLOGIC has been applied to the display. Appendix C. Oscillator The oscillator provides the internal refresh circuitry with a signal that is used to synchronize the columns and rows. This ensures that the right data is in the dot drivers for that row. This signal can be supplied from either an external source or the internal source. A display refresh rate of 100 Hz or faster ensures flicker-free operation. Thus, for an external oscillator the frequency should be greater than or equal to 512 x 100 Hz = 51.2 kHz. Operation above 1 MHz without the prescaler or 8 MHz with the prescaler may cause noticeable pixel-to-pixel mismatch. Appendix D. Refresh Circuitry This display driver consists of 20 one-of-eight column decoders and 20 constant current sources, 1 one-of-eight row decoder and eight row sinks, a pulse width modulation control block, a peak current control block, and the circuit to refresh the LEDs. The refresh counters and oscillator are used to synchronize the columns and rows. The 160 bits are organized as 20 columns by 8 rows. The IC illuminates the display by sequentially turning ON each of the 8 row-drivers. To refresh the display once takes 512 oscillator cycles. Because there are eight row drivers, each row driver is selected for 64 (512/8) oscillator cycles. Four cycles are used to briefly blank the display before the following row is switched on. Thus, each row is ON for 60 oscillator cycles out of a possible 64. This corresponds to the maximum LED on time. Appendix E. Display Brightness Appendix F. Reference Material Two ways have been shown to control the brightness of this LED display: setting the peak current and setting the duty factor. Both values are set in Control Word 0. To compute the resulting display brightness when both PWM and peak current control are used, simply multiply the two relative brightness factors. For example, if Control Register 0 holds the word 1001101, the peak current is 73% of full scale (BIT D5=L, BIT D4 = L) and the PWM is set to 60% duty factor (BIT D3 = H, BIT D2 = H, BIT D1 = L, BIT D0 = H). The resulting brightness is 44% (.73 x .60 = .44) of full scale. Application Note 1027: Soldering LED Components Application Note 1015: Contrast Enhancement Techniques for LED Displays The temperature of the display will also affect the LED brightness as shown in Figure 10. 2.0 RELATIVE LUMINOUS INTENSITY (NORMALIZED TO 1 AT 20°C) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 ORANGE 0.8 0.6 RED 0.4 0.2 0 -50 0 50 100 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE – °C Figure 10. Relative luminous Intensity versus ambient temperature. 21 www.agilent.com/semiconductors For product information and a complete list of distributors, please go to our web site. For technical assistance call: Americas/Canada: +1 (800) 235-0312 or (916) 788-6763 Europe: +49 (0) 6441 92460 China: 10800 650 0017 Hong Kong: (+65) 6756 2394 India, Australia, New Zealand: (+65) 6755 1939 Japan: (+81 3) 3335-8152 (Domestic/International), or 0120-61-1280 (Domestic Only) Korea: (+65) 6755 1989 Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia: (+65) 6755 2044 Taiwan: (+65) 6755 1843 Data subject to change. Copyright © 2004 Agilent Technologies, Inc. July 14, 2004 5988-7529EN