IMAGE SENSOR Flat panel sensor C9252DK-14 Large area with tiling construction, high-speed frame rate Flat panel sensor C9252DK-14 is a digital X-ray image sensor newly developed as key devices for use in CT imaging, somatology and biochemical application. Features Applications l Large area (12 × 24 cm) with two C10322D chips tiling l Wide dynamic range l High sensitivity: 6000 LSB/mR l High-speed frame rate: 30 frames/s l Flat panel structure wituout image distortion l 13-bit digital output (for whole scan mode) l Whole scan and partial scan mode selectable l CT imaging l Somatology l Biochemical imaging, etc. ■ Block diagram PIXEL NUMBER L1 L2 L623 L624 PIXEL NUMBER R624 R623 R2 R1 L625 R1248 L1248 PHOTODIODE ARRAY PHOTODIODE ARRAY PORT A L388753 AMP ARRAY No. 1 R625 PORT B L389376 R389376 No. 8 AMP ARRAY No. 9 VERTICAL SHIFT REGISTER VERTICAL SHIFT REGISTER C9252DK-14 is a lightweight and compact flat panel sensor consisting of a sensor board and a control board. The sensor board has 16 charge-sensitive amplifier arrays each having 78 ch amplifiers with a horizontal shift register. Analog video signals are amplified as the charge on each video line by 1248 ch charge amplifiers with CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) circuits added, and are output each of 16 amplifier arrays. The control board converts the analog video signal into a 13-bit digital signal and outputs it to an external frame grabber through the 13-bit parallel port. R388753 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY A.vdd, D.vdd (not attached) IntExt TIMING PULSE GENERATOR No. 16 OSCILLATOR ExtTrg Vsync Hsync Pclk BIAS GENERATOR BUFFER AMP PROCESSING AMP BUFFER AMP PROCESSING AMP A/D FIFO BUFFER AMP PROCESSING AMP A/D FIFO BUFFER AMP PROCESSING AMP A/D FIFO VIDEO OUTPUT PORT B (13-BIT DIGITAL) VIDEO OUTPUT PORT A (13-BIT DIGITAL) A/D FIFO KACCC0381EA Note: Signals are read out in order of pixel number. PRELIMINARY DATA Oct. 2007 1 Flat panel sensor C9252DK-14 ■ General ratings Parameter Pixel size Photodiode area Number of pixels Number of active pixels Readout Video output (Data1 - 13) Output data rate Synchronous signal (Vsync, Hsync, Pclk) ExtTrg, IntExt Scintillator Specification 200 × 200 249.6 × 124.8 1248 × 624 1216 × 616 Charge amplifier array LVDS (differential) 13-bit for CT, 12-bit for partial mode 15.15 LVDS (differential) TTL Direct deposition CsI Unit µm mm pixels pixels MHz - ■ Absolute maximum ratings (Ta=25 °C) Parameter Supply voltage for digital circuitry (+5 V) Supply voltage for analog circuitry (+5 V) Input voltage (ExtTrg, IntExt) Operating temperature *1 Storage temperature *1 *1: No condensation. Symbol D.vdd A.vdd Vin Topr Tstg Value +6.0 +6.0 0 to 6.0 0 to +35 0 to +50 Unit V V V °C °C ■ Specification (Ta=25 °C, A.vdd= 5.0 V, D.vdd= 5.0 V) Parameter Symbol Frame rate (single operation) Sf (int) Frame rate external Sf (ext) Noise (rms) *2 N (rms) Saturation charge Csat Sensitivity *3 S Resolution *4 Reso Dynamic range Defect line *5 Blemish *5 Uniformity of sensitivity *5 Defect cluster *5 Low sensitivity line at tiling edge *5 Bright line output adjacent to a defect line *5 Output offset *6 *2: Internal trigger mode, single operation *3: 80 kVp, acrylic filter 170 mm *4: Spatial frequency at CTF=5 % *5: See P.7, P.8, “Description of Terms”. *6: Average of all effective pixels in single operation at Sf (int) Note: X-ray energy range is 20 k to 90 kVp. ■ Resolution (whole scan mode) Min. 28.5 4800 2 - [Ta=25 ˚C, A.vdd=5.0 V, D.vdd=5.0 V] 100 90 80 CTF (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 SPATIAL FREQUENCY (line pairs/mm) KACCB0136EA 2 Typ. 30 Sf (int) to 10 2600 8.3 6000 2.5 3200 Not allowed 130 Max. 20 600 4 1 120 400 Unit frames/s frames/s electrons M electrons LSB/mR line pairs/mm lines µm % lines % LSB Flat panel sensor C9252DK-14 ■ Specification of partial scan mode (Typ. Ta=25 °C, A.vdd= 5.0 V, D.vdd= 5.0 V) Parameter Symbol Value Pixel size 100 × 100 Number of active pixels *7 2432 × 100 Partial frame speed 146 Noise (rms) N (rms) 1300 Saturation charge Csat 4.2 Sensitivity *8 1500 Dynamic range 3200 Resolution Reso 4.5 *7: The position of the active area under the partial scan mode is described in dimensional outline *8: 80 kVp, acrylic filter 170 mm Note: X-ray energy range is from 20 k to 90 kVp. Unit µm pixels frames/s electrons M electrons LSB/mR line pairs/mm ■ Timing chart To acquire images through an image grabber board, write parameters in the software program or parameter file by referring to the following timing chart and description. 1 FRAME 1st ROW 2nd ROW DUMMY LINES Vsync+ (GRABBER) 1st ROW 2nd ROW He LAST ROW All pulses are counted in the “High” period of Hsync+ Hsync+ (GRABBER) ENLARGED VIEW Vsync+ (GRABBER) 1st ROW 2nd ROW Hsync+ (GRABBER) Phe Pg Phe Phd Phe Phd Pclk+ (GRABBER) All pulses are counted at the riging edge of Pclk+. The effective video output is only included in the “Phe” period. Hsync+ are output continuously while Vsync+ is low. KACCC0361EB Whole scan Port A, Port B Dummy line 8 He Effective line 616 Dummy line 0 Dummy pixel 16 Phe Effective pixel 608 Dummy pixel 0 Phd 576 Pg 80 Note: “He” is the Hsync count. “Phe”, “Phd” and “Pg” are the Pclk count. Parameter Partial scan Port A, Port B 0 100 0 32 1216 0 172 80 3 Flat panel sensor C9252DK-14 ■ External trigger mode To acquire images in external trigger mode, input an external trigger pulse as shown below. When the time Tvd has passed after the rising edge of the external trigger pulse, synchronous signals and video signals are output. When used in synchronization with a pulsed X-ray source, X-rays should be irradiated during the Txray period. FRAME TIME (Tvc to Tmax) RECOMMENDATION: 50 % OF FRAME TIME ExtTrgLemo ExtTrgGrb (TTL) Tvd Tvc - Tvdpw Txray Vsync+ (LVDS) Hsync+, Pclk+ and Data 1-12 are the same as internal trigger mode. · Tmax is defined as the reciprocal of the minimum value of Sf (ext). · Txray = FRAME TIME - Tvd - (Tvc - Tvdpw) KACCC0341EB Parameter Symbol Delay time (only external trigger mode) Tvd Vsync Cycle time (internal trigger mode) Tvc Dummy pulse width Tvdpw Note: The numbers of siginificant figures is two. (except Tvc) Value 127 6.86 603 (Typ.) Unit µs ms µs ■ System requirements To operate C9252DK-14 at full performance, the following system and peripherals are required. · PC: IBM compatible PC running on Windows XP · Digital frame grabber card: Monochrome 16 bits or more, pixel clock 15.15 MHz or more, LVDS interface synchronous signal (See the frame grabber manual.) The National Instruments IMAQ PCI-1424 (NI parts No. 777662-02) frame grabber has been verified to successfully acquire 13bit or 12-bit digital images from C9252DK-14. You can utilize the demonstration software that comes with the frame grabber as a simple viewer, to acquire and save an image. To do so, refer to the frame grabber user’s guide for how to use the camera information file for the demonstration software. · Power source: A.vdd = +5.0 ± 0.1 V (1.6 A), D.vdd = +5.0 ± 0.1 V (400 mA) Please use a low noise series power supply. (Avoid using a switching power supply.) A power cable (terminated with an DB25PF-N plug at one end and open at the other end; 2 m; see Table 3.), an external trigger cable (terminated with an ECP.0S.302.CLL plug at one end and open at the other end; 5 m; see Table 4.) and an earth cable (AWG 18; 4 m) come supplied with C9252DK-14. An optional frame grabber cable for interface with the 68-pin receptacle (see Table 1) on C9252DK-14 is also available for synchronous signal, video output and external control. The voltages described above are specified at the flat panel sensor side. The impedance of the power cable attached with the flat panel sensor is low enough but it causes 0.1 V approx. drop. Therefore the voltage at the power source side should be set 0.1 V higher than the voltage specified above. Install a noise filter on the AC power input line to prevent surges on the AC line. The earth terminal must be connected to a stable earth point to eliminate noise from surroundings. 4 Flat panel sensor C9252DK-14 Table 1: Pin assignment of 68-pin receptacle Pin No. Signal Pin No. Signal 1 A_Data1+ (LSB) 35 A_Data1- (LSB) 2 A_Data2+ 36 A_Data23 A_Data3+ 37 A_Data34 A_Data4+ 38 A_Data45 A_Data5+ 39 A_Data56 A_Data6+ 40 A_Data67 A_Data7+ 41 A_Data78 A_Data8+ 42 A_Data89 A_Data9+ 43 A_Data910 A_Data10+ 44 A_Data1011 A_Data11+ 45 A_Data1112 A_Data12+ 46 A_Data1213 A_Data13+ (MSB) 47 A_Data13- (MSB) 14 Reserved 48 Reserved 15 B_Data1+ (LSB) 49 B_Data1- (LSB) 16 B_Data2+ 50 B_Data217 B_Data3+ 51 B_Data318 B_Data4+ 52 B_Data419 B_Data5+ 53 B_Data520 B_Data6+ 54 B_Data621 B_Data7+ 55 B_Data722 B_Data8+ 56 B_Data823 B_Data9+ 57 B_Data924 B_Data10+ 58 B_Data1025 B_Data11+ 59 B_Data1126 B_Data12+ 60 B_Data1227 B_Data13+ (MSB) 61 B_Data13- (MSB) 28 Reserved 62 Reserved 29 Reserved 63 GND 30 Scan (TTL) 64 GND 31 ExtTrgGrb (TTL) 65 IntExt (TTL) 32 Vsync+ 66 Vsync33 Hsync+ 67 Hsync34 Pclk+ 68 PclkUnless otherwise noted, signal level is LVDS. 68-pin receptacle: PCS-XED68RFAG1+ made by Honda Tsushin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Mating plug: PCS-XE68MA+ made by Honda Tsushin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Pins described “Reserved” are prepared for an extension in the future. Do not connect any signal, power or GND to this plug. No. 31 and No. 65 require TTL interface and other signals require LVDS interface. The signal cables is not attached to the flat panel sensor. Table 2: Mode selection Mode No.30 pin (scan) Whole scan mode Low Partial scan mode High or no connection 5 Flat panel sensor C9252DK-14 Table 3: Power supply pin assignment and cable color Pin No. Signal Cable color Mark color Pin No. Signal 1 No connection Brown 14 No connection 2 No connection Orange 15 A5. GND 3 A5. GND Green 16 A5. GND 4 A. +5 V Purple 17 A. +5 V 5 A. +5 V White 18 D. GND 6 D. GND Brown White 19 D. GND 7 D. +5 V Orange White 20 D. +5 V 8 D. +5 V Green White 21 Reserved 9 Reserved 22 Reserved 10 Reserved 23 Reserved 11 Reserved 24 Reserved 12 Reserved 25 Reserved 13 Reserved 25-pin receptacle: DB-25PF-N made by Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Ltd. Mating plug: DB-25SF-N made by Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Ltd. Cable color Red Yellow Blue Gray Black Red Yellow - Mark color White White - Table 4: External trigger pin assignment and cable color Pin No. Color 1 Red 2 Black 2-pin receptacle: ECP.0S.302.CLL made by LEMO S.A. Mating plug: FFA.0S.302.CLAC37 made by LEMO S.A. Signal ExtTrgLemo GND ■ Connection Install the digital frame grabber board into the PC by the manufacture’s instructions. When a general-purpose frame grabber board is used, trigger operation for IntExt and ExtTrg can be controlled with its digital I/O control. (REAR VIEW) PC/AT VIDEO OUTPUT (13-BIT DIGITAL) Vsync, Hsync, Pclk OS + IMAGE ACQUISITION SOFTWARE FRAME GRABBER MONITOR IntExt ExtTrg VOLTAGE SOURCE [A.vdd, D.vdd] C9252DK-14 X-RAY SOURCE OBJECT KACCC0382EA 6 Flat panel sensor C9252DK-14 SCINTILATOR TO TOP COVER 9.5 SCINTILATOR TO TOP COVER 11.4 ■ Dimensional outline (unit: mm, tolerance: ±1 mm unless otherwise noted) 10 * 125 * PARTIAL SCAN (2431, 99) WHOLE SCAN (1215, 615) 196 * (0, 0) ACTIVE AREA 123.2 53.3 228 PARTIAL SCAN AREA 10 26.3 150 * 18 * 296 (6 ×) M3 DEPTH 5 ACTIVE AREA 243.2 14.5 EXT.TRG 39.8 30 DIGITAL OUT POWER 53.5 * ±0.5 32 22 CMOS FLAT PANEL SENSOR C9252DK-14 109.8 Top cover is made of carbon filter (1.0 mm thickness). Weight: 4.0 kg KACCA0223EA KACCA0223EA ■ Notice · Do not subject the Flat Panel Sensors to strong vibration or shock. (Strong shock such as drop impacts may cause permanent damage to these sensors.) · Users must take responsibility for implementing X-ray shielding safety measures to avoid the risk of X-ray exposure. · Data listed in this datasheet is defined at the time shipment. Characteristics may vary somewhat due to exposure to X-rays so take proper countermeasures such as making periodic image correction. · This product is warranted for a period of 12 months after the date of the shipment. The warranty is limited to replacement or repair of any defective product due to defects in workmanship or materials used in manufacture. The warranty does not cover loss or damage caused by natural disaster, misuse (including modifications and any use not complying with the environment, application, usage and storage conditions described in this datasheet), or total radiation dose over 25000 Roentgen (90 kV) even within the warranty period. Description of terms [Blemish] Length of pixel cluster which has less sensitivity than 90 % of the average of the surrounding pixels. Except ±1 mm area from tiling edge. [Bright line output adjacent to a defect line] The relative output ratio “a/b” has to be less than 120 % for both horizontal and vertical defect lines, where “a” is the average of the light output (Line A) for the adjacent line to the defect line, and “b” is the average of the light output (Line B) for the normal line next to the line A. The average of the light output should be calculated from only defect region in the defect line. (ex: See the right figure, the defect region in the defect line of x=J is in the range from (J, 1) to (J, 15), “a” on the left is the average of pixel value from (I, 1) to (I, 15). “b” is the average of pixels (H, 1) to (H, 15). [In case of “a” on the right is the average of the pixel value from (K, 1) to (K, 15), “b” is the average of the pixel value from (L, 1) to (L, 15).] A B C D E F G H I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 J K L M N O P Q R S LINE B (COLUMN H. L) LINE A (COLUMN I. K) DEFECT LINE (COLUMN J) KACCC0385EA 7 Flat panel sensor C9252DK-14 Description of terms [Defect cluster] Formed with more than 3 × 3 pixels which have less sensitivity than 1/8 of the average of the surrounding pixels. This is defined as defect cluster. This is not defined as defect cluster. Normal pixel Defective pixel KACCC0384EA [Defect line] A defective line is a vertical or horizontal line containing 4 or more consecutive pixels that produce less than 1/8 of the average output from the surrounding pixels. Adjacent defective lines are not allowed in the vertical or horizontal directions. [Low sensitivity line at tiling edge] Number of column lines which has less sensitivity than 1/3 of surrounding. [Uniformity of sensitivity] 16 × 16 segments are 16 × 16-divided active area excluded 1 mm from the whole edge and tiling edge. Xij is defined as the average pixel output of each segment. Uniformity of sensitivity is calculated as following equation. Unifomity of sensitivity = σ x σ: standard deviation of 16 × 16 “Xij” x : average value of 16 × 16 “Xij” 5 5 75 PIXELS 75 PIXELS PIXELS PIXELS 75 PIXELS 75 PIXELS 5 75 PIXELS 71 PIXELS PIXELS ··········· ··········· ··········· 1 mm ··········· 16 SEGMENTS 5 PIXELS 36 PIXELS 38 PIXELS ··········· ··········· 8 SEGMENTS ··········· 8 SEGMENTS 16 SEGMENTS ··········· ··········· ··········· ACTIVE AREA 1 mm 5 38 PIXELS 38 PIXELS PIXELS 5 PIXELS 75 PIXELS 75 PIXELS 1 mm 1 mm 1 mm PORT A 1 mm PORT B ACTIVE AREA KACCC0383EA 8 Flat panel sensor C9252DK-14 ■ Optical frame grabber cable Frame grabber Cable type No. Cable length Cable end A8406-62 5 m IMAQ PCI-1424 *9 PCS-XE68MA+ *10 A8406-64 10 m *9: Made by NI (National Instruments Corporation) *10: Made by Honda Tsushin Kogyo Co. Ltd. Note: The detailed information for these optional cables is shown in the datasheet of A8406 series. Cable end PCS-XE100MA+ *10 Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. ©2007 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Solid State Division 1126-1 Ichino-cho, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, 435-8558 Japan, Telephone: (81) 53-434-3311, Fax: (81) 53-434-5184, www.hamamatsu.com U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P.O.Box 6910, Bridgewater, N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1) 908-231-0960, Fax: (1) 908-231-1218 Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49) 08152-3750, Fax: (49) 08152-2658 France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 19, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: 33-(1) 69 53 71 00, Fax: 33-(1) 69 53 71 10 United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: 2 Howard Court, 10 Tewin Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 1BW, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44) 1707-294888, Fax: (44) 1707-325777 North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Smidesvägen 12, SE-171 41 Solna, Sweden, Telephone: (46) 8-509-031-00, Fax: (46) 8-509-031-01 Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39) 02-935-81-733, Fax: (39) 02-935-81-741 Cat. No. KACC1146E01 Oct. 2007 DN 9