TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Features ! Fully integrated, PLL-stabilized VCO ! Flexible frequency range from 310 MHz to 450 MHz ! FSK through crystal pulling allows modulation from DC to 20 kbit/s ! High FSK deviation possible for wideband data transmission ! ASK achieved by on/off keying of internal power amplifier ! FM possible with external varactor ! Wide power supply range from 2.2 V to 5.5 V ! High over-all frequency accuracy ! Very low standby current ! Adjustable output power range from -12 dBm to +2 dBm ! Adjustable current consumption from 4.8 mA to 11.5 mA ! FSK deviation and center frequency independently adjustable ! Differential output well-suited for loop antenna ! External clock available for µC drive, down to 1.9 V supply ! ”Clock only” mode ! Conforms to EN 300 220 and similar standard Ordering Information Part No. Temperature Range Package TH7107 -40 C° to 85 °C SOIC16 Application Examples ! ! ! ! ! Pin Description Keyless car and central locking Low-power telemetry Alarm and security systems General digital data transmission General analog audio signal transmission LF1 1 16 LF2 SUB 2 15 VCC DATA 3 14 VEE RO2 4 RO1 5 Page 1 of 14 13 OUT1 12 OUT2 ENTX 6 11 VEE ENCK 7 10 VCC CKOUT 8 3901007107 Rev. 005 TH7107 9 PS Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter General Description The TH7107 FSK/ASK/FM transmitter IC is designed for applications in the European 433MHz industrial-scientific-medical (ISM) band, according to the EN 300 220 telecommunications standard. It can also be used for any other system with carrier frequencies ranging from 310 MHz to 450 MHz (e.g. for applications in the US 315MHz ISM band). The transmitter's carrier frequency fc is determined by the frequency of the reference crystal fref that is used. The integrated PLL synthesizer ensures that each RF value, ranging from 310 MHz to 450 MHz, can be achieved by using a crystal with reference frequency according to: fref = fc/N, where N = 32 is the PLL feedback divider ratio. Theory of Operation General As depicted in Fig.1, the TH7107 transmitter consists of a fully integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a divide-by-32 divider (div32), a phase-frequency detector (PFD) and a charge pump. An external loop filter at pin LF determines the dynamic behavior of the PLL and suppresses reference spurious signals. The VCO’s output signal feeds the power amplifier (PA). RF signal power Po can be adjusted in six steps from Po = –12 dBm to +2 dBm either by changing the value of resistor RPS or by varying the voltage VPS at pin PS. The open-collector differential output (OUT1, OUT2) can be used to either directly drive a loop antenna or to be converted to a singleended impedance by means of a balanced-tounbalanced (balun) transformer. For maximum available output power, the differential output should be matched to a load of approx. 1 kΩ. Bandgap biasing ensures stable operation of the IC at a power supply range of 2.2 V to 5.5 V. FSK Modulation A Colpitts crystal oscillator (XOSC) is used as the reference oscillator of a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer. FSK modulation is achieved by pulling the crystal (XTAL) through the data. So a CMOScompatible data stream applied at input DATA digitally modulates the XOSC. Two external pulling capacitors CX1 and CX2 allow the FSK deviation and center frequency to be adjusted independently. At DATA = LOW CX2 is connected in parallel to CX1 leading to the low-frequency component of the FSK spectrum (fmin); while at DATA = HIGH CX2 is deactivated and the XOSC is set to its high frequency, leading to fmax. An external reference signal can be directly ACcoupled to pin RO1. Then the TH7107 is used without an XTAL. The reference signal has to contain the FSK (or FM) and sets the carrier frequency. 3901007107 Rev. 005 Frequency Modulation (FM) For FM operation an external varactor is required. It simply acts as a pulling capacitor connected in series to the crystal. Then the analog modulation signal, applied through a series resistor, directly modulates the XOSC. ASK Modulation The TH7107 can be ASK-modulated by applying data directly at pin PS. This turns the PA on and off and therefore leads to an ASK signal at the output. Mode Control Logic The mode control logic allows four different modes of operation as listed in the following table. The mode control pins ENCK and ENTX are pulleddown internally. This guarantees that the whole circuit is shut down if these pins are left floating. The clock output CKOUT can be used to drive a µC. This output can be activated by the ENCK pin as required for any specific application. Clock frequency is 1/4 of the reference crystal frequency. ENCK ENTX Mode Description 0 0 all OFF whole circuit in standby 0 1 TX only TX functionality only, no clock available 1 0 clock only 1 1 all ON TX functional and clock available TX in standby and clock available Table 1: Modes of operation Page 2 of 14 Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter ENTX 6 ENCK 7 VEE 11 OUT2 12 OUT1 13 2 SUB CF2 RF1 CF1 LF1 DATA 3 CX1 RO2 4 CX2 5 XTAL RO1 8 div 4 CKOUT VCC 10 XOSC 1 PFD div32 charge pump VCC 15 16 LF2 VCO PS 9 PA mode control RPS VEE 14 VCC Block Diagram Fig. 1:TH7107 block diagram with external components 3901007107 Rev. 005 Page 3 of 14 Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Pin Definition and Description Pin No. 1 Name LF1 I/O Type Functional Schematic output Description charge pump output, connection to loop filter LF1 200Ω 1 2 SUB ground negative power supply, substrate connection 3 DATA input FSK data input, CMOS-compatible DATA 1.8k 3 4 RO2 analog I/O XOSC FSK pulling pin, MOS switch RO2 4 5 RO1 analog I/O 37k RO1 5 XOSC connection to XTAL, Colpitts type crystal oscillator 28p 28p 6 ENTX input ENTX 1.1k mode control input, CMOScompatible with internal pulldown 1.1k mode control input, CMOScompatible with internal pulldown 6 7 ENCK input ENCK 7 3901007107 Rev. 005 Page 4 of 14 Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Pin No. 8 Name CKOUT I/O Type Functional Schematic Description output clock output, CMOS-compatible CKOUT 200Ω 8 9 PS analog I/O power-select and ASK input, high-impedance comparator logic 20µA PS 200Ω 9 10 VCC supply positive power supply 11 VEE ground negative power supply 12 OUT2 output 13 OUT1 output VCC differential power amplifier output, open collector VCC OUT2 OUT1 12 13 VEE differential power amplifier output, open collector VEE VEE 14 VEE ground negative power supply 15 VCC supply positive power supply 16 LF2 input VCO tuning input, connection from loop filter LF2 200Ω 16 5p 3901007107 Rev. 005 Page 5 of 14 Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Technical Data Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Condition Min Max Unit -0.3 7.0 V Supply voltage Vcc Input voltage Vin DATA, ENCK, ENTX pins -0.3 VCC+0.3 V Input current Iin DATA, ENCK, ENTX pins -1.0 1.0 mA -40 150 °C -1.0 +1.0 kV Min Max Unit Storage temperature TSTG Electrostatic discharge VESD human body model, MIL STD 833D method 3015.7 Normal Operating Conditions Parameter Symbol Condition Supply voltage Vcc 2.2 5.5 V Operating temperature Ta -40 85 °C XOSC frequency fref set by the crystal 9.69 14 MHz VCO frequency fc fc = 32 • fref 310 450 MHz Clock frequency fclk fclk = fref / 4 2.42 3.50 MHz DC Characteristics all parameters under normal operating conditions, unless otherwise stated; typical values at Ta = 23 °C and Vcc = 3 V Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit 0.05 0.1 µA Standby current ISBY ENCK=0, ENTX=0 Clock only current Iclk ENCK=1, ENTX=0 0.7 0.9 1.1 mA Operating current Icc ENCK=x, ENTX=1, RPS=56kΩ 7 9 10 mA Input HIGH voltage VHIGH DATA, ENCK, ENTX pins 0.7*Vcc Vcc+0.3 V Input LOW voltage VLOW DATA, ENCK, ENTX pins -0.3 0.3*Vcc V 1 µA 15 µA Input current Iin DATA=x, ENCK=0, ENTX=0 -1 Pull down current Ipd ENCK=1, ENTX=1 2 3901007107 Rev. 005 Page 6 of 14 8 Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter AC Characteristics all parameters under normal operating conditions, unless otherwise stated; typical values at Ta = 23 °C and Vcc = 3 V; ENCK = 1, ENTX = 1, RPS = 56 kΩ, fc = 433.6 MHz, test circuit shown in Fig. 4 Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max -1 Unit Output power Po FSK deviation ∆fFSK depends on CX1, CX2 and crystal parameter Data rate FSK RFSK NRZ 20 kbit/s FM deviation ∆fFM adjustable with varactor and VFM ±6 kHz Modulation frequency FM fmod 5 kHz Data rate ASK RASK NRZ 40 kbit/s ±5 dBm ±30 ±100 kHz Reference spurs Pref @ fc ± fref -44 dBm Clock spurs Pclk @ fc ± fclk -44 dBm @ 2fc , 3fc , 4fc -40 dBm Harmonic content Pharm Spurious output signal Poff VPS ≤ 0.1V -60 dBm Phase noise PN @ fc ± 500kHz -87 dBc/Hz KVCO 200 MHz/V ICP ±260 µA 2 Vpp VCO gain Charge pump current Clock voltage swing VCKOUT Start-up time Cload = 5pF ton from ”all OFF” to any other mode 0.9 ms Output Power Selection typical values at Ta = 23 °C and Vcc = 3 V: ENCK = 1, ENTX = 1, fc = 433.6 MHz, test circuit shown in Fig. 4 RPS / kΩ Ω ≥ 68 56 47 39 27 15 VPS/ V ≥2 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 Icc / mA 11.5 8.6 7.3 6.2 5.3 4.8 Po / dBm 2 -1 -4 -7 -10 -12 Pharm / dBm ≤-40 ≤-40 ≤-40 ≤-45 ≤-45 ≤-50 3901007107 Rev. 005 Page 7 of 14 Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Crystal Parameter Parameter Symbol Condition Min Max Unit Crystal frequency fcrystal fundamental mode, AT 9.69 14 MHz Load capacitance Cload 10 15 pF Static capacitance C0 7 pF Resonance resistance Rm 60 Ω Spurious response aspur -10 dB Center Frequency as Function of CX1 and CX2 The center frequency fC is defined as (fmax + fmin) /2. typical values at Ta = 23 °C and Vcc = 3 V: XTAL = 13.55 MHz, Cload = 15 pF, shown in Fig. 2 CX2 = 1 nF CX2 = 100 pF CX2 = 47 pF CX1 / pF fC / MHz fC / MHz fC / MHz 22 433.612 433.619 433.625 32 433.604 433.610 433.614 40 433.598 433.604 433.608 49 433.596 433.601 433.604 61 433.593 433.598 433.600 104 433.587 433.630 433.625 fC / MHz 433.620 433.615 Cx2 = 1nF 433.610 CX2 = 100pF 433.605 Cx2 = 47pF 433.600 433.595 433.590 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Cx1/pF Fig. 2: Center frequency vs. CX1, at different CX2 3901007107 Rev. 005 Page 8 of 14 Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Frequency Deviation as Function of CX1 and CX2 The frequency deviation ∆f is defined as (fmax - fmin) /2. typical values at Ta = 23 °C and Vcc = 3 V: XTAL = 13.55 MHz, Cload = 15 pF, shown in Fig. 3 CX2 = 1 nF CX2 = 100 pF CX2 = 47 pF CX1 / pF ± ∆f / kHz ± ∆f / kHz ± ∆f / kHz 22 34 27 21 32 25 19 14 40 20 14 10 49 17 11.5 8 61 13 9 5.5 104 8 40 35 f / kHz 30 25 Cx2 = 1nF 20 CX2 = 100pF 15 Cx2 = 47pF 10 5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Cx1/pF Fig. 3: Frequency deviation vs. CX1, at different CX2 3901007107 Rev. 005 Page 9 of 14 Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Test Circuit C4 L3 OUT C3 C2 C1 L1 C5 L2 C6 RPS 9 10 CX2 XTAL RF1 R3 CX3 CF2 CKOUT 8 ENCK 7 ENTX 6 RO1 5 4 RO2 DATA 3 SUB 2 1 LF1 RF2 PS VCC VEE OUT2 11 12 13 OUT1 14 VEE 15 VCC LF2 16 Fig. 4: Test circuit for FSK, ASK and FM; with 50Ω matching network CX1 CF1 V1 R1 1 2 CKOUT GND 1 2 3 VCC ENCK GND 1 2 ENTX GND 1 2 FM/ASK GND 1 2 FSK GND 1 2 VCC GND C7 R2 Test circuit component list to Fig. 4 Part Size Value Tolerance CF1 CF2 CX1_FSK 0603 0603 0603 10 nF 12 pF 39 pF ±10% ±10% ±5% 68 pF 1 nF 1 nF 2.7 pF 0.68 pF 3.9 pF 150 pF 330 pF 330 pF 220 nF 22 nH 22 nH 33 nH 2.0 kΩ 4.3 kΩ 56 kΩ 470 kΩ 30 kΩ 0Ω BB535 13.55 MHz fundamental wave ±5% ±5% ±10% ±5% ±5% ±5% ±5% ±10% ±10% ±20% ±5% ±5% ±5% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% CX1_ASK 0603 CX2 0603 CX3 0603 C1 0603 C2 0805 C3 0805 C4 0603 C5 0603 C6 0603 C7 1206 L1 0603 L2 0603 L3 0805 RF1 0805 RF2 0805 RPS 0805 R1 0805 R2 0805 R3 0805 V1 SOD323 XTAL HC49/S 3901007107 Rev. 005 ±30ppm calibr. ±30ppm temp. Description loop filter capacitor loop filter capacitor XOSC capacitor for FSK (∆f = ±20 kHz) XOSC capacitor for ASK, trimmed to fC XOSC capacitor (for FSK only) XOSC capacitor (for FM only) impedance matching capacitor impedance matching capacitor impedance matching capacitor impedance matching capacitor blocking capacitor blocking capacitor blocking capacitor impedance matching inductor impedance matching inductor impedance matching inductor loop filter resistor loop filter resistor power-select resistor optional pull-up resistor varactor bias resistor, (for FM only) ASK jumper, (for ASK only) varactor diode (for FM only) crystal, Cload = 12 pF to 15 pF, C0, max = 7 pF, Rm, max = 60 Ω Page 10 of 14 Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Spectrum Plots All plots depict TH7107‘s typical performance at Vcc = 3.0 V and Ta = 23 °C, derived with the test circuit shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 5: RF output signal and spurious emissions, CW mode (DATA = HIGH) Fig. 6: Single-sideband phase noise at 500 kHz offset, CW mode (DATA = HIGH) 3901007107 Rev. 005 Page 11 of 14 Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Fig. 7: FSK modulation with RFSK = 6.6 kbit/s NRZ Fig. 8: ASK modulation with RASK = 4 kbit/s NRZ Fig. 9: FM with fmod = 2 kHz, FM input signal with 1 Vpp around 1.5 VDC, DATA = HIGH 3901007107 Rev. 005 Page 12 of 14 Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Package Information E1 E 1 2 3 D α A1 A L b e Fig. 10: SOIC16 (Small Outline Package) all Dimension in mm, coplanarity < 0.1mm D E1 E A A1 e b L α min 9.80 3.81 5.80 1.32 0.10 1.27 0.36 0.41 0° max 9.98 3.99 6.20 1.72 0.25 0.46 1.27 8° all Dimension in inch, coplanarity < 0.004” 3901007107 Rev. 005 min 0.386 0.150 0.2284 0.060 0.0040 0.05 0.014 0.016 0° max 0.393 0.157 0.2440 0.068 0.0098 0.050 8° Page 13 of 14 0.018 Data Sheet Dec. 2001 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Your Notes Important Notice Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Melexis reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or lifesustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each application. The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis’ rendering of technical or other services. © 2000 Melexis NV. All rights reserved. For the latest version of this document. Go to our website at www.melexis.com Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct: Europe and Japan: All other locations: Phone: +32 1361 1631 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +1 603 223 2362 E-mail: [email protected] QS9000, VDA6.1 and ISO14001 Certified 3901007107 Rev. 005 Page 14 of 14 Data Sheet Dec. 2001