LM117HV/LM317HV 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator General Description The LM117HV/LM317HV are adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage regulators capable of supplying in excess of 1.5A over a 1.2V to 57V output range. They are exceptionally easy to use and require only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, both line and load regulation are better than standard fixed regulators. Also, the LM117HV is packaged in standard transistor packages which are easily mounted and handled. In addition to higher performance than fixed regulators, the LM117HV series offers full overload protection available only in IC’s. Included on the chip are current limit, thermal overload protection and safe area protection. All overload protection circuitry remains fully functional even if the adjustment terminal is disconnected. Normally, no capacitors are needed unless the device is situated more than 6 inches from the input filter capacitors in which case an input bypass is needed. An optional output capacitor can be added to improve transient response. The adjustment terminal can be bypassed to achieve very high ripple rejections ratios which are difficult to achieve with standard 3-terminal regulators. Besides replacing fixed regulators, the LM117HV is useful in a wide variety of other applications. Since the regulator is “floating” and sees only the input-to-output differential voltage, supplies of several hundred volts can be regulated as long as the maximum input to output differential is not exceeded, i.e. do not short the output to ground. Also, it makes an especially simple adjustable switching regulator, a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment and output, the LM117HV can be used as a precision current regulator. Supplies with electronic shutdown can be achieved by clamping the adjustment terminal to ground which programs the output to 1.2V where most loads draw little current. The LM117HVK STEEL and LM317HVK STEEL are packaged in standard TO-3 transistor packages, while the LM117HVH and LM317HVH are packaged in a solid Kovar base TO-39 transistor package. The LM317HVT uses a TO220 plastic package. The LM117HV is rated for operation from −55˚C to +150˚C, and the LM317HV from 0˚C to +125˚C. Features n n n n n n n n n n n Adjustable output down to 1.2V Guaranteed 1.5A output current Line regulation typically 0.01%/V Load regulation typically 0.1% Current limit constant with temperature 100% electrical burn-in Eliminates the need to stock many voltages Standard 3-lead transistor package 80 dB ripple rejection Output is short-circuit protected P+ Product Enhancement tested Typical Applications 1.2V-45V Adjustable Regulator DS009062-1 Full output current not available at high input-output voltages †Optional — improves transient response. Output capacitors in the range of 1 µF to 1000 µF of aluminum or tantalum electrolytic are commonly used to provide improved output impedance and rejection of transients. *Needed if device is more than 6 inches from filter capacitors. © 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation DS009062 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator April 2000 LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications (Continued) Digitally Selected Outputs 5V Logic Regulator with Electronic Shutdown* DS009062-3 *Min. output ≈ 1.2V DS009062-2 *Sets maximum VOUT www.national.com 2 Operating Junction Temperature Range LM117HV LM317HV Storage Temperature Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) ESD Tolerance (Note 5) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. (Note 4) Power Dissipation Input — Output Voltage Differential Internally limited +60V, −0.3V −55˚C to +150˚C 0˚C to +125˚C −65˚C to +150˚C 300˚C 2000V Electrical Characteristics (Note 2) Parameter Conditions LM117HV Min Line Regulation TJ = 25˚C, 3V ≤ VIN − VOUT ≤ 60V LM317HV Typ Max 0.01 0.02 Min Units Typ Max 0.01 0.04 %/V (Note 3) IL = 10 mA Load Regulation TJ = 25˚C, 10 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IMAX 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 % Thermal Regulation TJ = 25˚C, 20 ms Pulse 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.07 %/W 50 100 50 100 µA 0.2 5 0.2 5 µA 1.25 1.30 1.25 1.30 V 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.07 %/V 0.3 1 0.3 1.5 % 7 3.5 12 mA Adjustment Pin Current Adjustment Pin Current Change 10 mA ≤ IL ≤ IMAX 3.0 V ≤ (VIN − VOUT) ≤ 60V Reference Voltage 3.0 V ≤ (VIN − VOUT) ≤ 60V, (Note 4) Line Regulation 3.0V ≤ (VIN − VOUT) ≤ 60V, 1.20 1.20 10 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IMAX, P ≤ PMAX IL = 10 mA, (Note 3) Load Regulation 10 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IMAX (Note 3) Temperature Stability TMIN ≤ TJ ≤ TMAX Minimum Load Current (VIN − VOUT) = 60V Current Limit (VIN − VOUT) ≤ 15V 1 3.5 1 % K, T Packages 1.5 2.2 3.5 1.5 2.2 3.7 A H Package 0.5 0.8 1.8 0.5 0.8 1.9 A (VIN − VOUT) ≤ 60V K, T Packages 0.3 0.3 A H Package 0.03 0.03 A 0.003 0.003 % 65 65 dB RMS Output Noise, % of VOUT TJ = 25˚C, 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz Ripple Rejection Ratio VOUT = 10V, f = 120 Hz CADJ = 10 µF 66 80 66 80 dB Long-Term Stability TJ = 125˚C 0.3 1 0.3 1 % Thermal Resistance, H Package 12 15 12 15 ˚C/W 4 5 ˚C/W K Package 2.3 3 2.3 3 ˚C/W Thermal Resistance, H Package 140 Junction to Ambient T Package (no heat sink) K Package Junction to Case T Package 35 140 ˚C/W 50 ˚C/W 35 ˚C/W Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Note 2: Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply: −55˚C ≤ TJ ≤ +150˚C for the LM117HV, and 0˚C ≤ TJ ≤ +125˚C for the LM317HV; VIN − VOUT = 5V and IOUT = 0.1A for the TO-39 package and IOUT = 0.5A for the TO-3 and TO-220 packages. Although power dissipation is internally limited, these specifications are applicable for power dissipations of 2W for the TO-39 and 20W for the TO-3 and TO-220. IMAX is 1.5A for the TO-3 and TO-220 and 0.5A for the TO-39 package. Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature. Changes in output voltage due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. Note 4: Refer to RETS117HVH for LM117HVH or RETS117HVK for LM117HVK military specificatioins. Note 5: Human body model, 1.5 kΩ in series with 100 pF. 3 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Performance Characteristics Load Regulation Output capacitor = 0 µF unless otherwise noted. Current Limit Adjustment Current DS009062-32 Dropout Voltage Temperature Stability DS009062-35 Ripple Rejection DS009062-36 DS009062-37 Ripple Rejection DS009062-38 DS009062-39 Line Transient Response 4 DS009062-40 Load Transient Response DS009062-42 DS009062-41 www.national.com Minimum Operating Current Ripple Rejection Output Impedance DS009062-34 DS009062-33 DS009062-43 In operation, the LM117HV develops a nominal 1.25V reference voltage, VREF, between the output and adjustment terminal. The reference voltage is impressed across program resistor R1 and, since the voltage is constant, a constant current I1 then flows through the output set resistor R2, giving an output voltage of Load Regulation The LM117HV is capable of providing extremely good load regulation but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. The current set resistor connected between the adjustment terminal and the output terminal (usually 240Ω) should be tied directly to the output of the regulator rather than near the load. This eliminates line drops from appearing effectively in series with the reference and degrading regulation. For example, a 15V regulator with 0.05Ω resistance between the regulator and load will have a load regulation due to line resistance of 0.05Ω x IL. If the set resistor is connected near the load the effective line resistance will be 0.05Ω (1 + R2/R1) or in this case, 11.5 times worse. Figure 2 shows the effect of resistance between the regulator and 240Ω set resistor. DS009062-5 FIGURE 1. Since the 100 µA current from the adjustment terminal represents an error term, the LM117HV was designed to minimize IADJ and make it very constant with line and load changes. To do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the output establishing a minimum load current requirement. If there is insufficient load on the output, the output will rise. DS009062-6 FIGURE 2. Regulator with Line Resistance in Output Lead External Capacitors An input bypass capacitor is recommended. A 0.1 µF disc or 1 µF solid tantalum on the input is suitable input bypassing for almost all applications. The device is more sensitive to the absence of input bypassing when adjustment or output capacitors are used but the above values will eliminate the possiblity of problems. The adjustment terminal can be bypassed to ground on the LM117HV to improve ripple rejection. This bypass capacitor prevents ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is increased. With a 10 µF bypass capacitor 80 dB ripple rejection is obtainable at any output level. Increases over 10 µF do not appreciably improve the ripple rejection at frequencies above 120 Hz. If the bypass capacitor is used, it is sometimes necessary to include protection diodes to prevent the capacitor from discharging through internal low current paths and damaging the device. In general, the best type of capacitors to use are solid tantalum. Solid tantalum capacitors have low impedance even at high frequencies. Depending upon capacitor construction, it takes about 25 µF in aluminum electrolytic to equal 1 µF solid tantalum at high frequencies. Ceramic capacitors are also good at high frequencies; but some types have a large decrease in capacitance at frequencies around 0.5 MHz. For this reason, 0.01 µF disc may seem to work better than a 0.1 µF disc as a bypass. Although the LM117HV is stable with no output capacitors, like any feedback circuit, certain values of external capacitance can cause excessive ringing. This occurs with values between 500 pF and 5000 pF. A 1 µF solid tantalum (or 25 µF aluminum electrolytic) on the output swamps this effect and With the TO-3 package, it is easy to minimize the resistance from the case to the set resistor, by using two separate leads to the case. However, with the TO-5 package, care should be taken to minimize the wire length of the output lead. The ground of R2 can be returned near the ground of the load to provide remote ground sensing and improve load regulation. Protection Diodes When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors from discharging through low current points into the regulator. Most 10 µF capacitors have low enough internal series resistance to deliver 20A spikes when shorted. Although the surge is short, there is enough energy to damage parts of the IC. When an output capacitor is connected to a regulator and the input is shorted, the output capacitor will discharge into the output of the regulator. The discharge current depends on the value of the capacitor, the output voltage of the regulator, and the rate of decrease of VIN. In the LM117HV, this discharge path is through a large junction that is able to sustain 15A surge with no problem. This is not true of other types of positive regulators. For output capacitors of 25 µF or less, there is no need to use diodes. The bypass capacitor on the adjustment terminal can discharge through a low current junction. Discharge occurs when either the input or output is shorted. Internal to the LM117HV is a 50Ω resistor which limits the peak discharge current. No protection is needed for output voltages of 25V 5 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV insures stability. Any increase of load capacitance larger than 10 µF will merely improve the loop stability and output impedance. Application Hints LM117HV/LM317HV Application Hints (Continued) or less and 10 µF capacitance. Figure 3 shows an LM117HV with protection diodes included for use with outputs greater than 25V and high values of output capacitance. Current Limit Internal current limit will be activated whenever the output current exceeds the limit indicated in the Typical Performance Characteristics. However, if during a short circuit condition the regulator’s differential voltage exceeds the Absolute Maximum Rating of 60V (e.g. VIN ≥ 60V, VOUT = 0V), internal junctions in the regulator may break down and the device may be damaged or fail. Failure modes range from an apparent open or short from input to output of the regulator, to a destroyed package (most common with the TO-220 package). To protect the regulator, the user is advised to be aware of voltages that may be applied to the regulator during fault conditions, and to avoid violating the Absolute Maximum Ratings. DS009062-7 FIGURE 3. Regulator with Protection Diodes Note: D1 protects against C1 D2 protects against C2 Schematic Diagram DS009062-8 Typical Applications Slow Turn-On 15V Regulator Adjustable Regulator with Improved Ripple Rejection DS009062-9 DS009062-10 †Solid tantalum *Discharges C1 if output is shorted to ground www.national.com 6 LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications (Continued) High Stability 10V Regulator High Current Adjustable Regulator DS009062-11 DS009062-12 †Solid tantalum *Minimum load current = 30 mA ‡ Optional — improves ripple rejection 0 to 30V Regulator Power Follower DS009062-13 DS009062-14 Full output current not available at high input-output voltages 7 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications (Continued) 5A Constant Voltage/Constant Current Regulator DS009062-15 †Solid tantalum *Lights in constant current mode 1A Current Regulator 1.2V–20V Regulator with Minimum Program Current DS009062-16 DS009062-17 *Minimum load current ≈ 4 mA www.national.com 8 LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications (Continued) High Gain Amplifier Low Cost 3A Switching Regulator DS009062-18 DS009062-19 †Solid tantalum *Core — Arnold A-254168-2 60 turns 4A Switching Regulator with Overload Protection DS009062-20 †Solid tantalum *Core — Arnold A-254168-2 60 turns 9 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications (Continued) Precision Current Limiter Tracking Preregulator DS009062-21 * 0.8Ω ≤ R1 ≤ 120Ω DS009062-22 Adjustable Multiple On-Card Regulators with Single Control* DS009062-23 *All outputs within ± 100 mV †Minimum load — 10 mA AC Voltage Regulator 12V Battery Charger DS009062-25 Use of RS allows low charging rates with fully charged battery. **The 1000 µF is recommended to filter out input transients DS009062-24 www.national.com 10 LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications (Continued) Current Limited 6V Charger 50 mA Constant Current Battery Charger DS009062-26 Adjustable 4A Regulator DS009062-28 *Sets peak current (0.6A for 1Ω) **The 1000 µF is recommended to filter out input transients DS009062-27 11 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV Connection Diagrams (TO-3) Metal Can Package (See Physical Dimension section for further information) (TO-39) Metal Can Package (TO-220) Plastic Package DS009062-30 DS009062-29 Case is Output Bottom View Order Number LM117HVKSTL/883 See NS Package Number K02C Order Number LM317HVK STEEL See NS Package Number K02A Case is Output Bottom View Order Number LM117HVH, LM117HVH/883 or LM317HVH See NS Package Number H03A DS009062-31 Front View Order Number LM317HVT See NS Package Number T03B www.national.com 12 LM117HV/LM317HV Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted Order Number LM117HVH, LM117HVH/883, or LM317HVH NS Package Number H03A Metal Can Package (K) Order Number LM317HVK STEEL NS Package Number K02A 13 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) Metal Can Package (K) Mil-Aero Product Order Number LM117HVKSTL/883 NS Package Number K02C Order Number LM317HVT NS Package Number T03B www.national.com 14 LM117HV/LM317HV 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator Notes LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Tel: 1-800-272-9959 Fax: 1-800-737-7018 Email: [email protected] www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86 Email: [email protected] Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Response Group Tel: 65-2544466 Fax: 65-2504466 Email: [email protected] National Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.