TI TPS53219RGTT

TPS53219
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SLUSAA8 – NOVEMBER 2010
Wide Input Voltage, Eco-mode™, Single Synchronous Step-Down Controller
Check for Samples: TPS53219
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
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2
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Wide Input Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 28 V
Output Voltage Range: 0.6 V to 5.5 V
Wide Output Load Range: 0 A to > 20 A
Built-In 0.6-V Reference
Built-In LDO Linear Voltage Regulator
Auto-Skip Eco-mode™ for Light-Load
Efficiency
D-CAP™ Mode with 100-ns Load-Step
Response
Adaptive On-Time Control Architecture with 8
Selectable Frequency Settings
4700ppm/°C RDS(on) Current Sensing
0.7-ms, 1.4-ms, 2.8-ms and 5.6-ms Selectable
Internal Voltage Servo Soft-Start
Pre-Charged Start-up Capability
Built-In Output Discharge
Power Good Output
Integrated Boost Switch
Built-in OVP/UVP/OCP
Thermal Shutdown (Non-latch)
3 mm × 3mm QFN, 16-Pin (RGT) Package
Point-of-Load Systems
– Storage Computer
– Server Computer
– Multi-Function Printer
– Embedded Computing
DESCRIPTION
The TPS53219 is small-sized single buck controller
with adaptive on-time D-CAP™ mode control. The
device is suitable for low output voltage, high current,
PC system power rail and similar point-of-load (POL)
power supplies in digital consumer products. The
small package and minimal pin-count save space on
the PCB, while the dedicated EN pin and pre-set
frequency selections simplify the power supply
design. The skip-mode at light load conditions, strong
gate drivers and low-side FET RDS(on) current sensing
supports low-loss and high efficiency, over a broad
load range. The conversion input voltage (high-side
FET drain voltage) range is between 3 V and 28 V,
and the output voltage range is between 0.6 V and
5.5 V. The TPS53219 is available in a 16-pin, QFN
package specified from –40°C to 85°C.
VOUT
VIN
VREG
VIN
16
15
14
CSD86350
SW
13
VIN
SW
1
PGOOD NC VBST DRVH
TRIP
SW 12
DRVL 11
TG
SW
2
EN
TGR
BG
TPS53219
EN
3
VDRV 10
VFB
VREG
4
9
RF
MODE VDD
5
6
GND
PGND
7
8
PGND
UDG-10100
VDD
1
2
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
Eco-mode, D-CAP are trademarks of Texas Instruments.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated
TPS53219
SLUSAA8 – NOVEMBER 2010
www.ti.com
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
ORDERING INFORMATION
TA
PACKAGE
–40°C to 85°C
Plastic QFN (RGT)
ORDERING DEVICE
NUMBER
PINS
OUTPUT SUPPLY
MINIMUM
QUANTITY
TPS53219RGTR
16
Tape and reel
3000
TPS53219RGTT
16
Mini-reel
250
ECO PLAN
Green (RoHS and
no Pb/Br)
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
VALUE
Input voltage range
VBST
–0.3 to 37
VBST (2)
–0.3 to 7
VDD
SW
Output voltage range
–0.3 to 28
DC
–2.0 to 30
Pulse <20ns, E = 5 µJ
UNIT
V
–7
VDRV, EN, TRIP, VFB, RF, MODE
–0.3 to 7
DRVH
–2.0 to 37
DRVH (2)
–0.3 to 7
DRVL, VREG
–0.5 to 7
PGOOD
–0.3 to 7
V
TJ
Junction temperature range
150
°C
TSTG
Storage temperature range
–55 to 150
°C
(1)
(2)
Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating
conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Voltage values are with respect to the SW terminal
THERMAL INFORMATION
THERMAL METRIC (1)
TPS53219
16-PIN RGT
qJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
51.3
qJCtop
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
85.4
qJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
20.1
yJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
1.3
yJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
19.4
qJCbot
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
6.0
(1)
2
UNITS
°C/W
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.
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RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN
VBST
Input voltage range
Output voltage range
TA
(1)
TYP
MAX
–0.1
34.5
VDD
4.5
25
SW
–1.0
28
VBST (1)
–0.1
6.5
EN, TRIP, VFB, RF, VDRV, MODE
–0.1
6.5
DRVH
–1.0
34.5
DRVH (1)
–0.1
6.5
DRVL, VREG
–0.3
6.5
PGOOD
–0.1
6.5
Operating free-air temperature
–40
85
UNIT
V
V
°C
Voltage values are with respect to the SW terminal.
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
over operating free-air temperature range, VDD = 12 V (Unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
420
590
µA
10
µA
SUPPLY CURRENT
IVDD
VDD supply current
VDD current, TA = 25°C, No Load, VEN = 5 V,
VVFB = 0.630 V
IVDDSDN
VDD shutdown current
VDD current, TA=25°C, No Load, VEN=0 V
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE
VVFB
VFB regulation voltage
VFB voltage, CCM condition (1)
TA = 25°C
VVFB
VFB regulation voltage
IVFB
VFB input current
0°C ≤ TA≤ 85°C
-40°C ≤ TA≤ 85°C
600
mV
597
600
603
595.2
600.0
604.8
594
600
606
0.002
0.200
Source, IDRVH = –50 mA
1.5
3
Sink, IDRVH = 50 mA
0.7
1.8
Source, IDRVL = –50 mA
1.0
2.2
Sink, IDRVL = 50 mA
0.5
1.2
VVFB = 0.630V, TA = 25°C
mV
µA
OUTPUT DRIVERS
RDRVH
DRVH resistance
RDRVL
DRVL resistance
tDEAD
Dead time
DRVH-off to DRVL-on
7
17
30
DRVL-off to DRVH-on
10
22
35
5.76
6.20
6.67
Ω
Ω
ns
LDO OUTPUT
VVREG
LDO output voltage
0 mA ≤ IVREG ≤ 50 mA
IVREG
LDO output current (1)
Maximum current allowed from LDO
VDO
LDO drop out voltage
VVDD = 4.5 V, IVREG = 50 mA
V
50
mA
364
mV
BOOT STRAP SWITCH
VFBST
Forward voltage
VVREG-VBST, IF = 10 mA, TA = 25°C
IVBSTLK
VBST leakagecurrent
VVBST = 23 V, VSW = 17 V, TA = 25°C
0.1
0.2
V
0.01
1.5
µA
260
400
ns
DUTY AND FREQUENCY CONTROL
tOFF(min)
tON(min)
Minimum off-time
TA = 25°C
Minimum on-time
VIN = 17 V, VOUT = 0.6 V, RRF = 0 Ω to VREG,
TA = 25°C (1)
150
35
0 V ≤ VOUT ≤ 95%, RMODE = 39 kΩ
0.7
0 V ≤ VOUT ≤ 95%, RMODE = 100kΩ
1.4
0 V ≤ VOUT ≤ 95%, RMODE = 200 kΩ
2.8
0 V ≤ VOUT ≤ 95%, RMODE = 470 kΩ
5.6
ns
SOFTSTART
tSS
Internal soft-start time
ms
POWERGOOD
PG in from lower
92.5%
96.0%
98.5%
PG in from higher
108%
111%
114%
PG hysteresis
2.5%
5.0%
7.8%
RPG
PG transistor
on-resistance
15
30
50
Ω
tPG(del)
PG delay after soft-start
0.8
1
1.2
ms
VTHPG
(1)
4
PG threshold
Ensured by design. Not production tested.
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
over operating free-air temperature range, VDD = 12 V (Unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
LOGIC THRESHOLD AND SETTING CONDITIONS
VEN
EN voltage threshold
IEN
EN input current
fSW
Switching frequency
Enable
1.8
Disable
VEN = 5 V
1.0
RRF = 0 Ω to GND, TA = 25°C (1)
200
250
300
RRF = 187 kΩ to GND, TA = 25°C (1)
250
300
350
RRF = 619 kΩ to GND, TA = 25°C (1)
350
400
450
RRF = Open, TA = 25°C (1)
450
500
550
(1)
580
650
720
RRF = 309 kΩ to VREG, TA = 25°C (1)
670
750
820
RRF = 124 kΩ to VREG, TA = 25°C (1)
770
850
930
880
970
1070
VEN = 0 V, VSW = 0.5 V
5
13
9
RRF = 866 kΩ to VREG, TA = 25°C
RRF = 0 Ω to VREG, TA = 25°C
V
0.5
(1)
µA
kHz
VO DISCHARGE
IDischg
VO discharge current
mA
PROTECTION: CURRENT SENSE
ITRIP
TRIP source current
VTRIP = 1 V, TA = 25°C
TCITRIP
TRIP current temp. coef.
TA = 25°C (2)
VTRIP
Current limit threshold setting range VTRIP-GND voltage
VOCL
Current limit threshold
VOCLN
VAZC(adj)
Negative current limit threshold
Auto zero cross adjustable range
10
11
4700
0.2
3
VTRIP = 3.0 V
355
375
395
VTRIP = 1.6 V
185
200
215
VTRIP = 0.2 V
17
25
33
VTRIP = 3.0 V
–406
–375
–355
VTRIP = 1.6 V
–215
–200
–185
VTRIP = 0.2 V
–33
–25
–17
3
15
Positive
Negative
µA
ppm/°C
V
mV
mV
mV
–15
–3
115%
120%
125%
65%
70%
75%
0.8
1
1.2
ms
from EN to UVP workable, RMODE = 39 kΩ
2.00
2.55
3.00
ms
Wake up
4.00
4.18
4.50
PROTECTION: UVP AND OVP
VOVP
OVP trip threshold voltage
OVP detect
tOVP(del)
OVP propagation delay time
VFB delay with 50-mV overdrive
VUVP
Output UVP trip threshold voltage
UVP detect
tUVP(del)
Output UVP propagation delay time
tUVP(en)
Output UVP enable delay time
1
µs
UVLO
VUVVREG
VREG UVLO threshold
Hysteresis
0.25
Shutdown temperature (2)
145
V
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
TSDN
(1)
(2)
Thermal shutdown threshold
Hysteresis (2)
10
°C
Not production tested. Test conditions are VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 1.1 V, IOUT =10 A and using the application circuit shown in Figure 17 and
Figure 18.
Ensured by design. Not production tested
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PIN DESCRIPTION
TRIP
1
EN
2
PGOOD
N/C
VBST
DRVH
RGT Package
(Top View)
16
15
14
13
12
SW
11
DVRL
TPS53219
RF
4
9
VREG
5
6
7
8
PGND
VDRV
GND
10
VDD
3
MODE
VFB
PIN FUNCTIONS
PIN
NAME
PIN
NO.
I/O/P (1)
DRVH
13
O
High-side MOSFET driver output. The SW node referenced floating driver. The gate drive voltage is defined
by the voltage across VBST to SW node bootstrap flying capacitor.
DRVL
11
O
Synchronous MOSFET driver output. The PGND referenced driver. The gate drive voltage is defined by
VDRV voltage.
EN
2
I
Enable pin
GND
7
–
Ground pin
MODE
5
I
Soft-start and Skip/CCM selection. Connect a resistor to select soft-start time using Table 1 . The soft-start
time is detected and stored into internal register during start-up.
NC
15
–
No connection.
PGOOD
16
O
Open drain power good flag. Provides 1-ms start up delay after the VFB pin voltage falls within specified
limits. When VFB goes out specified limits PGOOD goes low within 10 µs.
PGND
8
G
Power ground.
RF
4
I
Switching frequency selection. Connect a resistor to GND or VREG to select switching frequency using
Table 2. The switching frequency is detected and stored during the startup.
SW
12
P
Output of converted power. Connect this pin to the output inductor.
TRIP
1
I
OCL detection threshold setting pin. 10 µA at room temp, 4700ppm/°C current is sourced and set the OCL
trip voltage as follows.
VOCL=VTRIP/8 spacer ( VTRIP ≤ 3 V, VOCL ≤ 375 mV)
VBST
14
P
Supply input for high-side FET gate driver (boost terminal). Connect a capacitor from this pin to SW-node.
Internally connected to VREG via bootstrap MOSFET switch.
VDD
6
P
Controller power supply input.
VDRV
10
I
Gate drive supply voltage input. Connect to VREG if using LDO output as gate drive supply.
VFB
3
I
Output feedback input. Connect this pin to VOUT through a resistor divider.
VREG
9
O
6.2-V LDO output
(1)
6
DESCRIPTION
I=Input, O=Output, P=Power
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FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
0.6 V –30%
+
UV
+
OV
0.6 V +10/15%
16 PGOOD
+
Delay
+
0.6 V +20%
0.6 V –5/10%
Enable/SS Control
EN
2
VFB
3
14 VBST
Control Logic
+
PWM
+
+
12 SW
+
Ramp Comp
GND
13 DRVH
XCON
0.6 V
7
10 mA
+
tON
OneShot
OCP
TRIP
1
x(-1/8)
FCCM
x(1/8)
+
10 VDRV
ZC
Auto-skip
11 DRVL
Auto-skip/FCCM
8
RF
PGND
Frequency
Setting
Detector
4
LDO Linear
Regulator
TPS53219
5
9
6
MODE
VREG
VDD
UDG-10115
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
5.0
700
Supply Current (µA)
500
400
300
200
No Load
VEN = 5 V
VVDD = 12 V
VVFB = 0.63 V
100
0
−50
−25
0
25
50
75
Temperature (°C)
100
125
Supply Shutdown Current (µA)
4.5
600
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.0
−50
150
−25
0
25
50
75
Temperature (°C)
100
16
120
14
150
12
TRIP Current (µA)
100
80
60
40
10
8
6
4
2
OVP
UVP
0
−50
−25
0
25
50
75
Temperature (°C)
100
125
VVDD = 12 V
0
−50
150
Figure 3. OVP/UVP Threshold vs Temperature
−25
0
25
50
75
Temperature (°C)
100
150
Frequency (kHz)
1000
100
fSET = 300 kHz
VIN = 12 V
VOUT = 1.1 V
10
100
fSET = 500 kHz
VIN = 12 V
VOUT = 1.1 V
10
FCC Mode
Skip Mode
1
0.01
125
Figure 4. TRIP Pin Current vs Temperature
1000
0.1
1
Output Current (A)
10
100
Figure 5. Switching Frequency vs Output Current
8
125
Figure 2. VDD Shutdown Current vs Temperature
140
20
Frequency (kHz)
No Load
VEN = 0 V
VVDD = 12 V
0.5
Figure 1. VDD Supply Current vs Temperature
OVP/UVP Threshold (%)
4.0
FCC Mode
Skip Mode
1
0.01
0.1
1
Output Current (A)
10
100
Figure 6. Switching Frequency vs Output Current
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
1000
Frequency (kHz)
Frequency (kHz)
1000
100
fSET =750 kHz
VIN = 12 V
VOUT = 1.1 V
10
100
fSET =1 MHz
VIN = 12 V
VOUT = 1.1 V
10
FCC Mode
Skip Mode
1
0.01
0.1
1
Output Current (A)
10
FCC Mode
Skip Mode
1
0.01
100
Figure 7. Switching Frequency vs Output Current
10
100
1.120
fSET = 1 MHz
fSET = 500 kHz
VIN = 12 V
VOUT = 1.1 V
1.115
1000
1.110
800
fSET = 750 kHz
600
fSET = 500 kHz
400
fSET = 300 kHz
Output Voltage (V)
Switching Frequency (kHz)
1
Output Current (A)
Figure 8. Switching Frequency vs Output Current
1200
1.105
1.100
1.095
1.090
200
0
IOUT =10 A
VIN = 12 V
0
1
2
3
4
Output Voltage (V)
5
1.085
1.080
6
Figure 9. Switching Frequency vs Output Voltage
1.110
100
1.108
90
1.106
80
1.104
70
1.102
1.100
1.098
1.096
0
5
10
15
Output Current (A)
1.092
FCC Mode, No Load
Skip Mode, No Load
All Modes, IOUT = 20 A
fSW = 500 kHz
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Input Voltage (V)
12
13
14
15
20
25
60
50
VIN = 12 V
VOUT = 1.1 V
40
30
1.094
1.090
FCC Mode
Skip Mode
Figure 10. Output Voltage vs Output Current
Efficiency (%)
Output Voltage (V)
0.1
Skip Mode, fSW = 500 kHz
FCC Mode, fSW = 500 kHz
Skip Mode, fSW = 300 kHz
FCC Mode, fSW = 300 kHz
20
10
0
0.01
Figure 11. Output Voltage vs Input Voltage
0.1
1
Output Current (A)
10
Figure 12. Efficiency vs Output Current
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
10
Figure 13. Start up Waveform)
Figure 14. Pre-bias Start up Waveform)
Figure 15. Turn Off Waveform
Figure 16. Load Transient Response
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APPLICATION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
R10
100 kW
R9
0W
VREG
VIN
PGOOD
R1
8.25 kW
R8
28.7 kW
16
15
14
13
PGOOD
NC
VBST
DRVH
TRIP
1
C5
0.1 mF
VIN
CSD86350
VIN
CIN
22 mF x 4
SW
SW
L1
0.44 mH
PA0513.441
SW 12
R11
1 kW
TG
SW
TGR
BG
DRVL 11
EN
VOUT
EN
2
TPS53219
COUT
POSCAP
330 mF x 2
VDRV 10
3
VFB
4
RF
PGND
VREG
R2
10 kW
R4
187 kW
MODE
VDD
5
6
9
GND PGND Pad
7
8
C4
4.7 mF
R5
100 kW
C3
1 mF
UDG-10103
PGOOD
VDD
Figure 17. Typical Application Circuit Diagram with Power Block
R1
8.25 kW
VIN
R10
100 kW
R9
0W
CIN
22 mF x 4
VREG
PGOOD
R8
28.7 kW
1
16
15
14
13
PGOOD
NC
VBST
DRVH
VIN
CSD86350
VIN
SW
C2
1 nF
C1
0.1 mF
SW
R7
10 kW
SW 12
TRIP
R11
1 kW
EN
C5
0.1 mF
TG
SW
TGR
BG
L1
0.44 mH
PA0513.441
DRVL 11
2
VOUT
EN
TPS53219
COUT
Ceramic
100 mF x 4
VDRV 10
3
VFB
4
RF
PGND
VREG
R2
10 kW
R4
187 kW
MODE
VDD
5
6
R5
100 kW
9
R12
0W
GND PGND Pad
7
C4
4.7 mF
8
C3
1 mF
UDG-10104
PGOOD
VDD
Figure 18. Typical Application Circuit Diagram with Ceramic Output Capacitors
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General Description
The TPS53219 is a high-efficiency, single channel, synchronous buck regulator controller suitable for low output
voltage point-of-load applications in computing and similar digital consumer applications. The device features
proprietary D-CAP™ mode control combined with an adaptive on-time architecture. This combination is ideal for
building modern low duty ratio, ultra-fast load step response DC-DC converters. The output voltage ranges from
0.6 V to 5.5 V. The conversion input voltage range is from 3 V up to 28V. The D-CAP™ mode uses the ESR of
the output capacitor(s) to sense the device current . One advantage of this control scheme is that it does not
require an external phase compensation network. This allows a simple design with a low external component
count. Eight preset switching frequency values can be chosen using a resistor connected from the RF pin to
ground or VREG. Adaptive on-time control tracks the preset switching frequency over a wide input and output
voltage range while allowing the switching frequency to increase at the step-up of the load.
The TPS53219 has a MODE pin to select between auto-skip mode and forced continuous conduction mode
(FCCM) for light load conditions. The MODE pin also sets the selectable soft-start time ranging from 0.7 ms to
5.6 ms. The strong gate drivers allow low RDS(on) FETs for high-current applications.
Enable and Soft-Start
When the EN pin voltage rises above the enable threshold voltage (typically 1.4 V), the controller enters its
start-up sequence. The internal LDO regulator starts immediately and regulates to 6.2 V at the VREG pin. The
controller then uses the first 250 µs to calibrate the switching frequency setting resistance attached to the RF pin
and stores the switching frequency code in internal registers. However, switching is inhibited during this phase. In
the second phase, an internal DAC starts ramping up the reference voltage from 0 V to 0.6 V. Depending on the
MODE pin setting, the ramping up time varies from 0.7 ms to 5.6 ms. Smooth and constant ramp-up of the
output voltage is maintained during start-up regardless of load current.
Table 1. Soft-Start and MODE
MODE
SELECTION
Auto Skip
Forced CCM
(1)
12
ACTION
Pull down to GND
(1)
Connect to PGOOD
SOFT-START
TIME (ms)
RMODE (kΩ)
0.7
39
1.4
100
2.8
200
5.6
475
0.7
39
1.4
100
2.8
200
5.6
475
Device goes into Forced CCM after PGOOD becomes high.
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Adaptive On-Time D-CAP™ Control
The TPS53219 does not have a dedicated oscillator that determines switching frequency. However, the device
operates with pseudo-constant frequency by feed-forwarding the input and output voltages into the on-time
one-shot timer. The adaptive on-time control adjusts the on-time to be inversely proportional to the input voltage
and proportional to the output voltage (tON ∝ VOUT/VIN).
This makes the switching frequency fairly constant in steady state conditions over a wide input voltage range.
The switching frequency is selectable from eight preset values by a resistor connected between the RF pin and
GND or between the RF pin and the VREG pin as shown in Table 2. (Leaving the resistance open sets the
switching frequency to 500 kHz.)
Table 2. Resistor and Switching Frequency
SWITCHING
FREQUENCY (kHz)
RESISTOR (RRF) CONNECTIONS
0 Ω to GND
250
187 kΩ to GND
300
619 kΩ to GND
400
Open
500
866 kΩ to VREG
650
309 kΩ to VREG
750
124 kΩ to VREG
850
0 Ω to VREG
970
The off-time is modulated by a PWM comparator. The VFB node voltage (the mid-point of resistor divider) is
compared to the internal 0.6-V reference voltage added with a ramp signal. When both signals match, the PWM
comparator asserts a set signal to terminate the off time (turn off the low-side MOSFET and turn on high-side
MOSFET). The set signal is valid if the inductor current level is below the OCP threshold, otherwise the off time
is extended until the current level falls below the threshold.
Small Signal Model
From small-signal loop analysis, a buck converter using D-CAP™ mode can be simplified as shown in Figure 19.
VIN
TPS53219
Switching Modulator
DRVH
R1
VFB
L
13
PWM
3
+
R2
+
Control
Logic
and
Driver
VOUT
DRVL
IIND
11
IOUT
IC
0.6 V
ESR
RLOAD
Voltage Divider
VC
COUT
Output
Capacitor
UDG-10105
Figure 19. Simplified Modulator Model
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The output voltage is compared with the internal reference voltage (ramp signal is ignored here for simplicity).
The PWM comparator determines the timing to turn on the high-side MOSFET. The gain and speed of the
comparator can be assumed high enough to keep the voltage at the beginning of each on cycle substantially
constant.
1
H (s ) =
s ´ ESR ´ COUT
(1)
For the loop stability, the 0 dB frequency, ƒ0, defined below must be lower than ¼ of the switching frequency.
f
1
£ SW
f0 =
2p ´ ESR ´ COUT
4
(2)
According to the equation above, the loop stability of D-CAP™ mode modulator is mainly determined by the
capacitor chemistry. For example, specialty polymer capacitors (SP-CAP) have an output capacitance on the
order of several 100 µF and ESR in range of 10 mΩ. These yields an f0 on the order of 100 kHz or less and a
more stable loop. However, ceramic capacitors have an ƒ0 at more than 700 kHz, and require special care when
used with this modulator. An application circuit for ceramic capacitor is described in section External Parts
Selection with All Ceramic Output Capacitors.
Ramp Signal
The TPS53219 adds a ramp signal to the 0.6-V reference in order to improve jitter performance. As described in
the previous section, the feedback voltage is compared with the reference information to keep the output voltage
in regulation. By adding a small ramp signal to the reference, the S/N ratio at the onset of a new switching cycle
is improved. Therefore the operation becomes less jittery and more stable. The ramp signal is controlled to start
with –7mV at the beginning of an on-cycle and becomes 0 mV at the end of an off-cycle in steady state.
Light Load Condition in Auto-Skip Operation
While the MODE pin is pulled low via RMODE, TPS53219 automatically reduces the switching frequency at light
load conditions to maintain high efficiency. Detailed operation is described as follows. As the output current
decreases from heavy load condition, the inductor current is also reduced and eventually comes to the point that
its rippled valley touches zero level, which is the boundary between continuous conduction and discontinuous
conduction modes. The synchronous MOSFET is turned off when this zero inductor current is detected. As the
load current further decreases, the converter runs into discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The on-time is
kept almost the same as it was in the continuous conduction mode so that it takes longer time to discharge the
output capacitor with smaller load current to the level of the reference voltage. The transition point to the light
load operation IO(LL) (i.e., the threshold between continuous and discontinuous conduction mode) can be
calculated as shown in Equation 3.
IOUT(LL ) =
(VIN - VOUT )´ VOUT
1
´
2 ´ L ´ fSW
VIN
where
•
ƒSW is the PWM switching frequency
(3)
Switching frequency versus output current in the light load condition is a function of L, VIN and VOUT, but it
decreases almost proportionally to the output current from the IO(LL) given in Equation 3. For example, it is 60
kHz at IO(LL)/5 if the frequency setting is 300 kHz.
Adaptive Zero Crossing
The TPS53219 has an adaptive zero crossing circuit which performs optimization of the zero inductor current
detection at skip mode operation. This function pursues ideal low-side MOSFET turning off timing and
compensates inherent offset voltage of the Z-C comparator and delay time of the Z-C detection circuit. It
prevents SW-node swing-up caused by too late detection and minimizes diode conduction period caused by too
early detection. As a result, better light load efficiency is delivered.
14
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Forced Continuous Conduction Mode
When the MODE pin is tied to PGOOD through a resistor, the controller keeps continuous conduction mode
(CCM) in light load condition. In this mode, switching frequency is kept almost constant over the entire load
range which is suitable for applications need tight control of the switching frequency at a cost of lower efficiency.
Output Discharge Control
When EN becomes low, the TPS53219 discharges output capacitor using internal MOSFET connected between
the SW pin and the PGND pin while the high-side and low-side MOSFETs are maintained in the OFF state. The
typical discharge resistance is 40 Ω. The soft discharge occurs only as EN becomes low. After VREG becomes
low, the internal MOSFET turns off and the discharge function becomes inactive.
Low-Side Driver
The low-side driver is designed to drive high-current low-RDS(on) N-channel MOSFET(s). The drive capability is
represented by its internal resistance, which is 1.0 Ω for VDRV to DRVL and 0.5 Ω for DRVL to GND. A dead
time to prevent shoot through is internally generated between high-side MOSFET off to low-side MOSFET on,
and low-side MOSFET off to high-side MOSFET on. The bias voltage VDRV can be delivered from 6.2 V VREG
supply or from external power source. The instantaneous drive current is supplied by an input capacitor
connected between the VDRV and PGND pins.
The average low-side gate drive current is calculated in Equation 4.
IGL = CGL ´ VVDRV ´ fSW
(4)
High-Side Driver
The high-side driver is designed to drive high current, low RDS(on) N-channel MOSFET(s). When configured as a
floating driver, the bias voltage is delivered from the VDRV pin supply. The average drive current is calculated
using Equation 5.
IGH = CGH ´ VVDRV ´ fSW
(5)
The instantaneous drive current is supplied by the flying capacitor between VBST and SW pins. The drive
capability is represented by internal resistance, which is 1.5 Ω for VBST to DRVH and 0.7 Ω for DRVH to SW.
The driving power which needs to be dissipated from TPS53219 package.
PDRV = (IGL + IGH )´ VVDRV
(6)
Power Good
The TPS53219 has power-good output that indicates high when switcher output is within the target. The
power-good function is activated after soft-start has finished. If the output voltage becomes within +10% or –5%
of the target value, internal comparators detect power-good state and the power-good signal becomes high after
a 1-ms internal delay. If the output voltage goes outside of +15% or –10% of the target value, the power-good
signal becomes low after two microsecond (2-µs) internal delay. The power-good output is an open drain output
and must be pulled up externally.
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Current Sense and Overcurrent Protection
TPS53219 has cycle-by-cycle overcurrent limiting control. The inductor current is monitored during the OFF state
and the controller maintains the OFF state during the period in that the inductor current is larger than the
overcurrent trip level. In order to provide both good accuracy and cost effective solution, TPS53219 supports
temperature compensated MOSFET RDS(on) sensing. The TRIP pin should be connected to GND through the trip
voltage setting resistor, RTRIP. The TRIP terminal sources ITRIP current, which is 10 µA typically at room
temperature, and the trip level is set to the OCL trip voltage VTRIP as shown in Equation 7. Note that the VTRIP is
limited up to approximately 3 V internally.
VTRIP (mV ) = RTRIP (kW )´ ITRIP (mA )
(7)
The inductor current is monitored by the voltage between GND pin and SW pin so that SW pin should be
connected to the drain terminal of the low-side MOSFET properly. ITRIP has 4700 ppm/°C temperature slope to
compensate the temperature dependency of the RDS(on). The GND pin is used as the positive current sensing
node. The GND pin should be connected to the proper current sensing device, (for example, the source terminal
of the low-side MOSFET.)
As the comparison is done during the OFF state, VTRIP sets the valley level of the inductor current. Thus, the load
current at the overcurrent threshold, IOCP, can be calculated as shown in Equation 8.
IIND(ripple )
(VIN - VOUT )´ VOUT
VTRIP
VTRIP
1
IOCP =
+
=
+
´
2
2 ´ L ´ fSW
VIN
8 ´ RDS(on )
8 ´ RDS(on )
(
)
)
(
(8)
In an overcurrent condition, the current to the load exceeds the current to the output capacitor thus the output
voltage tends to fall down. Eventually, it crosses the undervoltage protection threshold and shuts down. After a
hiccup delay (16 ms with 0.7 ms sort-start), the controller restarts. If the overcurrent condition remains, the
procedure is repeated and the device enters hiccup mode.
During the CCM, the negative current limit (NCL) protects the external FET from carrying too much current. The
NCL detect threshold is set as the same absolute value as positive OCL but negative polarity. Note that the
threshold still represents the valley value of the inductor current.
Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection
TPS53219 monitors a resistor divided feedback voltage to detect over and under voltage. When the feedback
voltage becomes lower than 70% of the target voltage, the UVP comparator output goes high and an internal
UVP delay counter begins counting. After 1ms, TPS53219 latches OFF both high-side and low-side MOSFETs
drivers. The controller restarts after a hiccup delay (16 ms with 0.7 ms soft-start). This function is enabled 1.5-ms
after the soft-start is completed.
When the feedback voltage becomes higher than 120% of the target voltage, the OVP comparator output goes
high and the circuit latches OFF the high-side MOSFET driver and latches ON the low-side MOSFET driver. The
output voltage decreases. If the output voltage reaches UV threshold, then both high-side MOSFET and low-side
MOSFET driver will be OFF and the device restarts after an hiccup delay. If the OV condition remains, both
high-side MOSFET and low-side MOSFET driver remains OFF until the OV condition is removed.
UVLO Protection
The TPS53219 uses VREG undervoltage lockout protection (UVLO). When the VREG voltage is lower than the
UVLO threshold voltage, the switch mode power supply shuts off. This is non-latch protection.
Thermal Shutdown
The TPS53219 uses temperature monitoring. If the temperature exceeds the threshold value (typically 145°C),
the device is shut off. This is non-latch protection.
16
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External Components Selection
Selecting external components is a simple process using D-CAP™ Mode.
1. CHOOSE THE INDUCTOR
The inductance should be determined to give the ripple current of approximately ¼ to ½ of maximum output
current. Larger ripple current increases output ripple voltage and improves the signal-to-noise ratio and helps
stable operation.
L=
IN(max ) - VOUT
1
IIND(ripple ) ´ fSW
´
(V
)´ V
VIN(max )
OUT
IN(max ) - VOUT
3
=
IOUT(max ) ´ fSW
´
(V
)´ V
OUT
VIN(max )
(9)
The inductor also requires a low DCR to achieve good efficiency. It also requires enough room above the peak
inductor current before saturation. The peak inductor current can be estimated in Equation 10.
IIND(peak ) =
VIN(max ) - VOUT ´ VOUT
VTRIP
1
+
´
8 ´ RDS(on ) L ´ fSW
VIN(max )
)
(
(10)
2. CHOOSE THE OUTPUT CAPACITOR(S)
When organic semiconductor capacitor(s) or specialty polymer capacitor(s) are used, for loop stability,
capacitance and ESR should satisfy Equation 2. For jitter performance, Equation 11 is a good starting point to
determine ESR.
V
´ 10mV ´ (1 - D) 10mV ´ L ´ fSW L ´ fSW
ESR = OUT
=
=
(W )
0.6 V ´ IIND(ripple )
0.6 V
60
where
•
•
D is the duty factor
the required output ripple slope is approximately 20 mV per tSW (switching period) in terms of VFB terminal
voltage
(11)
3. DETERMINE THE VALUE OF R1 AND R2
The output voltage is programmed by the voltage-divider resistor, R1 and R2 shown in Figure 19. R1 is
connected between the VFB pin and the output, and R2 is connected between the VFB pin and GND.
Recommended R2 value is between 10 kΩ and 20 kΩ. Determine R1 using Equation 12.
æ IIND(ripple ) ´ ESR ö
÷ - 0.6
VOUT - ç
ç
÷
2
è
ø
R1 =
´ R2
0.6
(12)
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External Parts Selection with All Ceramic Output Capacitors
When a ceramic output capacitor is used, the stability criteria in Equation 2 cannot be satisfied. The ripple
injection approach as shown in Figure 18 is implemented to increase the ripple on the VFB pin and make the
system stable. C2 can be fixed at 1 nF. The value of C1 can be selected between 10 nF to 200 nF.
The increased ripple on the VFB pin causes the increase of the VFB DC value. The AC ripple coupled to the
VFB pin has two components, one coupled from SW node and the other coupled from VOUT and they can be
calculated using Equation 13 and Equation 14.
VINJ(SW ) =
(VIN - VOUT ) ´
R7 ´ C1
D
fSW
VINJ(OUT ) = ESR ´ IIND(ripple ) +
(13)
IIND(ripple )
8 ´ COUT ´ fSW
(14)
The DC value of VFB can be calculated by Equation 15.
VFB = 0.6 +
(V
INJ(SW ) + VINJ(OUT )
)
2
(15)
And the resistor divider value can be determined by Equation 16.
R1 =
18
(VOUT - VFB ) ´ R2
VFB
(16)
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LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS:
Certain points must be considered before starting a layout work using the TPS53219.
• Inductor, VIN capacitor(s), VOUT capacitor(s) and MOSFETs are the power components and should be placed
on one side of the PCB (solder side). Other small signal components should be placed on another side
(component side). At least one inner plane should be inserted, connected to ground, in order to shield and
isolate the small signal traces from noisy power lines.
• All sensitive analog traces and components such as VFB, PGOOD, TRIP, MODE and RF should be placed
away from high-voltage switching nodes such as SW, DRVL, DRVH or VBST to avoid coupling. Use internal
layer(s) as ground plane(s) and shield feedback trace from power traces and components.
• The DC/DC converter has several high-current loops. The area of these loops should be minimized in order to
suppress generating switching noise.
– The most important loop to minimize the area of is the path from the VIN capacitor(s) through the high and
low-side MOSFETs, and back to the capacitor(s) through ground. Connect the negative node of the VIN
capacitor(s) and the source of the low-side MOSFET at ground as close as possible.
– The second important loop is the path from the low-side MOSFET through inductor and VOUT capacitor(s),
and back to source of the low-side MOSFET through ground. Connect source of the low-side MOSFET
and negative node of VOUT capacitor(s) at ground as close as possible.
– The third important loop is of gate driving system for the low-side MOSFET. To turn on the low-side
MOSFET, high current flows from VDRV capacitor through gate driver and the low-side MOSFET, and
back to negative node of the capacitor through ground. To turn off the low-side MOSFET, high current
flows from gate of the low-side MOSFET through the gate driver and PGND of the device, and back to
source of the low-side MOSFET through ground. Connect negative node of VDRV capacitor, source of the
low-side MOSFET and PGND of the device at ground as close as possible.
• Because the TPS53219 controls output voltage referring to voltage across VOUT capacitor, the top-side
resistor of the voltage divider should be connected to the positive node of VOUT capacitor. In a same manner
both bottom side resistor and GND of the device should be connected to the negative node of VOUT capacitor.
The trace　from these resistors to the VFB pin should be short and thin. Place on the component side and
avoid via(s) between these resistors and the device.
• Connect the overcurrent setting resistors from TRIP pin to ground and make the connections as close as
possible to the device. The trace from TRIP pin to resistor and from resistor to ground should avoid coupling
to a high-voltage switching node.
• Connect the frequency setting resistor from RF pin to ground, or to the PGOOD pin, and make the
connections as close as possible to the device. The trace from the RF pin to the resistor and from the resistor
to ground should avoid coupling to a high-voltage switching node.
• Connections from gate drivers to the respective gate of the high-side or the low-side MOSFET should be as
short as possible to reduce stray inductance. Use 0.65 mm (25 mils) or wider trace　and via(s) of at least 0.5
mm (20 mils) diameter along this trace.
• The PCB trace defined as switch node, which connects to source of high-side MOSFET, drain of low-side
MOSFET and high-voltage side of the inductor, should be as short and wide as possible.
• Connect the ripple injection VOUT signal (VOUT side of the C1 capacitor in Figure 18) from the terminal of
ceramic output capacitor. The AC coupling capacitor (C7 in Figure 18 ) can be placed near the device.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
11-Apr-2013
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
Lead/Ball Finish
(2)
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Top-Side Markings
(3)
(4)
TPS53219RGTR
ACTIVE
QFN
RGT
16
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 85
53219
TPS53219RGTT
ACTIVE
QFN
RGT
16
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 85
53219
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4)
Multiple Top-Side Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Top-Side Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a
continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Top-Side Marking for that device.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 1
Samples
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
26-Jan-2013
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Package Pins
Type Drawing
SPQ
Reel
Reel
A0
Diameter Width (mm)
(mm) W1 (mm)
B0
(mm)
K0
(mm)
P1
(mm)
W
Pin1
(mm) Quadrant
TPS53219RGTR
QFN
RGT
16
3000
330.0
12.4
3.3
3.3
1.1
8.0
12.0
Q2
TPS53219RGTT
QFN
RGT
16
250
180.0
12.4
3.3
3.3
1.1
8.0
12.0
Q2
Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
26-Jan-2013
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Type
Package Drawing
Pins
SPQ
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
TPS53219RGTR
QFN
RGT
16
3000
367.0
367.0
35.0
TPS53219RGTT
QFN
RGT
16
250
210.0
185.0
35.0
Pack Materials-Page 2
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www.ti.com/audio
Automotive and Transportation
www.ti.com/automotive
Amplifiers
amplifier.ti.com
Communications and Telecom
www.ti.com/communications
Data Converters
dataconverter.ti.com
Computers and Peripherals
www.ti.com/computers
DLP® Products
www.dlp.com
Consumer Electronics
www.ti.com/consumer-apps
DSP
dsp.ti.com
Energy and Lighting
www.ti.com/energy
Clocks and Timers
www.ti.com/clocks
Industrial
www.ti.com/industrial
Interface
interface.ti.com
Medical
www.ti.com/medical
Logic
logic.ti.com
Security
www.ti.com/security
Power Mgmt
power.ti.com
Space, Avionics and Defense
www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense
Microcontrollers
microcontroller.ti.com
Video and Imaging
www.ti.com/video
RFID
www.ti-rfid.com
OMAP Applications Processors
www.ti.com/omap
TI E2E Community
e2e.ti.com
Wireless Connectivity
www.ti.com/wirelessconnectivity
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