AMD-K6™E
High-Performance, AMD-K6
Embedded Processor
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
■ Advanced 6-Issue RISC86® Superscalar
Microarchitecture
– Seven parallel specialized execution units
– Multiple sophisticated x86-to-RISC86
instruction decoders
®
– Advanced two-level branch prediction
– Speculative execution
– Out-of-order execution
– Register renaming and data forwarding
– Issues up to six RISC86 instructions per clock
■ High-Performance IEEE 754-Compatible and
854-Compatible Floating-Point Unit
■ High-Performance Industry-Standard MMX™
Instructions
■ Large On-Chip Split 64-Kbyte Level-One (L1)
Cache
– 32-Kbyte instruction cache with additional
predecode cache
– 32-Kbyte writeback dual-ported data cache
– MESI protocol support
■ 321-Pin Ceramic PGA (Socket 7 Compatible)
Package
■ Industry-Standard System Management Mode
(SMM)
■ IEEE 1149.1 Boundary Scan
■ x86 Binary Software Compatibility
■ 0.25-Micron Process Technology
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Note: This data sheet provides information specific to
the AMD-K6E processor. For more information about
the AMD-K6E processor, see the Model 7 section of
the AMD-K6 Processor Data Sheet, order #20695.
With the AMD-K6E embedded processor, AMD
continues to deliver leading-edge processor solutions.
Based on the highly successful AMD-K6 processor
with 0.25-micron process technology, the AMD-K6E
processor delivers high performance with a low core
voltage and low power dissipation. This new,
embedded version of the AMD-K6 processor continues
to leverage today’s cost-effective infrastructure to
deliver a superior price/performance solution.
© Copyright 1999 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
As a member of AMD’s E86™ family of embedded x86based processors, the AMD-K6E processor extends
the range of software-compatible performance
allowing existing x86 designs and software to be used
in high-performance products. In addition to a wide
selection of inexpensive development tools, compilers,
debuggers, chip sets, and PC operating systems, the
AMD-K6E processor is also supported by a number of
real-time operating systems (RTOS) such as QNX,
pSOS, RTXC, and Windows® CE. This compatibility
and support result in decreased development costs
and improved time to market.
Publication# 22459
Rev: A Amendment/0
Issue Date: January 1999
ORDERING INFORMATION
AMD-K6 E
/266
A F R
CASE TEMPERATURE
R = 0°C–70°C
OPERATING VOLTAGE
F = 2.1 V–2.3 V Core, 3.135 V–3.6 V I/O
PACKAGE TYPE
A = 321-pin Ceramic Pin-Grid Array (CPGA), Socket 7
Compatible
PERFORMANCE RATING
/266 = 266 MHz
/233 = 233 MHz
PROCESSOR TYPE
E = Embedded Processor
FAMILY/CORE
AMD-K6
Valid Combinations
AMD-K6E/266
AMD-K6E/233
2
AFR
Valid Combinations
Valid combinations list configurations planned to
be supported in volume for this device. Consult the
local AMD sales office to confirm availability of
specific valid combinations and to check on newly
released combinations.
AMD-K6™E Embedded Processor Data Sheet Supplement
LOGIC DIAGRAM BY INTERFACE
Clock
CLK
Bus
Arbitration
Address
and
Address
Parity
Cycle
Definition
and
Control
Cache
Control
Voltage Detection
VCC2DET1 VCC2H/L1
BF2–BF0
AHOLD
BOFF
BREQ
HLDA
HOLD
BRDY
BRDYC
D63–D0
DP7–DP0
PCHK
A20M
A31–A3
AP
ADS
ADSC
APCHK
BE7–BE0
EADS
HIT
HITM
INV
AMD-K6™E
Processor
D/C
EWBE
LOCK
M/IO
NA
SCYC
W/R
FERR
IGNNE
FLUSH
INIT
INTR
NMI
RESET
SMI
SMIACT
STPCLK
CACHE
KEN
PCD
PWT
WB/WT
TCK
TDI
TDO
TMS
Data
and
Data
Parity
Inquire
Cycles
Floating-Point
Error Handling
External
Interrupts,
SMM, Reset
and
Initialization
TRST
JTAG Test
Notes:
1. For information about the VCC2DET and VCC2H/L pins, see Chapter 26, “Signal
Descriptions,” in the AMD-K6 Processor Data Sheet, order #20695.
AMD-K6™E Embedded Processor Data Sheet Supplement
3
ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW
Figure 1 shows the block diagram for the AMD-K6E embedded processor. The sections that follow describe the features of the part.
Level-One Instruction Cache
(32 KByte + Predecode)
Predecode
Logic
64-Entry ITLB
16-Byte Fetch
Level-One Cache
Controller
Socket 7
Bus
Interface
Out-of-Order
Execution Engine
Six RISC86®
Operation Issue
Load
Unit
Store
Unit
Branch Logic
(8192-Entry BHT)
(16-Entry BTC)
(16-Entry RAS)
Dual Instruction Decoders
x86 to RISC86
Four RISC86
Decode
Scheduler
Buffer
(24 RISC86)
Integer X
(Register) Unit
Multimedia
Unit
Instruction
Control Unit
Integer Y
(Register) Unit
Floating-Point
Unit
Branch
(Resolving) Unit
Store
Queue
Level-One Dual-Port Data Cache (32 KByte)
Figure 1.
128-Entry DTLB
AMD-K6™E Embedded Processor Block Diagram
The AMD-K6™E Processor
16-bit and 32-bit performance.
The AMD-K6E embedded processor is function- and
pin-compatible with the industry-leading AMD-K6
processor (Model 7). It is an excellent choice for
embedded applications that require a highperformance x86-compatible processor such as
central office switches, network routers, point-of-sale
terminals, information appliances, and Socket 7/
Windows based single-board computers.
The AMD-K6 processor’s RISC86 microarchitecture is
a decoupled decode/execution superscalar design that
implements state-of-the-art design techniques to
achieve leading-edge performance. Advanced design
techniques implemented in the AMD-K6 include
multiple x86 instruction decode, single-clock internal
RISC operations, seven execution units that support
superscalar operation, out-of-order execution, data
forwarding, speculative execution, and register
renaming. In addition, the processor supports state-ofthe-art advanced branch prediction logic by
implementing an 8192-entry branch history table (the
industry’s only branch target cache) and a return
address stack, which combine to deliver an extremely
high prediction rate. These design techniques enable
the AMD-K6 processor to issue, execute, and retire
multiple x86 instructions per clock, resulting in
excellent scalable performance.
The AMD-K6™ Processor Core
The AMD-K6E embedded processor is based on the
AMD-K6 processor (Model 7), and it maintains pin,
function, and software compatibility.
To provide industry-leading performance, the AMD-K6
processor core incorporates the innovative and
efficient RISC86 microarchitecture, a large 64-Kbyte
level-one cache (32-Kbyte dual-ported data cache,
32-Kbyte instruction cache with predecode data), a
powerful IEEE 754-compatible and 854-compatible
floating-point execution unit, and a high-performance
multimedia execution unit for executing
industry-standard MMX™ instructions. These features
have been combined to deliver industry leadership in
4
Designed to run both 16-bit and 32-bit software, the
AMD-K6 processor is x86 binary-code compatible.
AMD’s extensive experience through four generations
of x86 processors has been carefully integrated into
the AMD-K6 to provide complete compatibility with
AMD-K6™E Embedded Processor Data Sheet Supplement
Windows 3.x, Windows CE, Windows 95, Windows 98,
Windows NT®, DOS, OS/2, UNIX, Solaris, NetWare®,
Vines, and other leading x86 operating systems and
applications. The AMD-K6 processor is Socket 7
compatible, allowing the processor to be quickly and
easily integrated into a mature and cost-effective
industry-standard infrastructure of motherboards, chip
sets, power supplies, and thermal solutions.
AMD has designed, manufactured, and delivered over
50 million Microsoft Windows compatible processors.
The AMD-K6 processor is one in a long line of
processors.
With its combination of state-of-the-art features,
industry-leading performance, high-performance
multimedia engine, full x86 compatibility, and low-cost
infrastructure, the AMD-K6E embedded processor is
an excellent choice for high-performance embedded
applications and fast time to market.
Maximum Frequency
Table 1 shows the maximum CPU and maximum bus
frequencies for the AMD-K6E processor.
Table 1. Maximum Frequency
CPU Clock Max.
Frequency
Bus Input Clock
Max. Frequency
AMD-K6™E/266
266 MHz
66 MHz
AMD-K6E/233
233 MHz
66 MHz
Processor
AMD-K6™E Embedded Processor Data Sheet Supplement
5
OPERATING RANGES
The functional operation of the AMD-K6E processor is designed to work within the voltage and temperature parameters defined in Table 2.
Table 2.
Parameter
V CC2
AMD-K6™E Operating Ranges
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
1,2
2.1 V
2.2 V
2.3 V
1
3.135 V
3.3 V
3.6 V
0°C
—
70°C
VCC3
TCASE
Notes:
1. VCC2 and VCC3 are referenced from VSS.
2. VCC2 specification for 2.2 V components.
ABSOLUTE RATINGS
Exposure to conditions outside the operating ranges listed in Table 2 for extended periods of time can affect
long-term reliability. Permanent damage can occur if the absolute ratings listed in Table 3 are exceeded.
Table 3.
AMD-K6™E Absolute Ratings
Parameter
Minimum
Maximum
VCC2
–0.5 V
2.5 V
VCC3
–0.5 V
3.6 V
VPIN1
–0.5 V
VCC3 + 0.5 V and ≤ 4.0 V
TCASE (under bias)
–65°C
+110°C
TSTORAGE
–65°C
+150°C
Notes:
1. VPIN (the voltage on any I/O pin) must not be greater than 0.5 V above the voltage
being applied to VCC3. In addition, the VPIN voltage must never exceed 4.0 V.
6
AMD-K6™E Embedded Processor Data Sheet Supplement
POWER DISSIPATION
Table 4 contains the typical and maximum power dissipation of the AMD-K6E processor during normal and reduced
power states.
Table 4.
AMD-K6™E Typical and Maximum Power Dissipation
Clock Control State
233 MHz
266 MHz
Normal (Maximum Thermal Power)
13.50 W
14.55 W
Normal (Typical Thermal Power)2
8.10 W
8.75 W
2.46 W
2.48 W
2.25 W
2.25 W
1
Stop Grant / Halt (Maximum)
Stop Clock (Maximum)
4
3
Notes:
1. The maximum power dissipated in the normal clock control state must be taken into account
when designing a solution for thermal dissipation for the AMD-K6E processor. Maximum
power is determined for the worst-case instruction sequence or function for the listed clock
control states with VCC2 = 2.2 V and VCC3 = 3.3 V.
2. Typical power is determined for the typical instruction sequences or functions associated
with normal system operation with VCC2 = 2.2 V and VCC3 = 3.3 V.
3. The CLK signal and the internal PLL are still running but most internal clocking has stopped.
4. The CLK signal, the internal PLL, and all internal clocking has stopped.
AMD-K6™E Embedded Processor Data Sheet Supplement
7
THERMAL SPECIFICATIONS
The AMD-K6E processor operating specifications call
for the case temperature (TC) to be in the range of 0°C
to 70°C for the CPGA package.
The ambient temperature (TA) is not specified as long
as the case temperature is not violated. The case
temperature must be measured on the top center of the
package.
Table 5 shows the thermal specifications derated,
Table 5.
based on operating the CPU at frequencies lower than
the maximum rated frequency.
For more information about the AMD-K6E thermal
specifications, see Chapter 38, “Thermal Design” in the
AMD-K6 Processor Data Sheet, order #20695. For
information about thermal solutions, see the AMD-K6
Processor Thermal Solution Design Application Note,
order #21085.
AMD-K6™E Thermal Power Derating Based On Lower CPU Frequencies
Frequency
Max. ICC2 (core)
VCC2 = 2.2 V ±100 mV1
Max. ICC3 (I/O)
VCC3 = 3.3 V +300 mV, –165 mV2
133 MHz
166 MHz
200 MHz
233 MHz
266 MHz
3.95 A
4.95 A
5.95 A
6.50 A
7.05 A
0.46 A
0.48 A
0.50 A
0.52 A
0.54 A
Max.
Thermal
Power3
8.60 W
10.50 W
12.45 W
13.50 W
14.55 W
Typical
Thermal
Power4
5.20 W
6.30 W
7.50 W
8.10 W
8.75 W
Clock
Multiple
BF2–BF0
2.0X
2.5X
3.0X
3.5X
4.0X
110b
100b
101b
111b
010b
Notes:
1. Max. ICC2 specification is taken at VCC2 = 2.3 V. (The maximum power supply current must be taken into account when
designing a power supply.)
2. Max. ICC3 specification is taken at VCC3 = 3.6 V. (The maximum power supply current must be taken into account when
designing a power supply.)
3. The maximum power dissipated in the normal clock control state must be taken into account when designing a solution for
thermal dissipation for the AMD-K6E processor. Maximum power is determined for the worst-case instruction sequence or
function for the listed clock control states with VCC2 = 2.2 V and VCC3 = 3.3 V.
4. Typical power is determined for the typical instruction sequences or functions associated with normal system operation with
VCC2 = 2.2 V and VCC3 = 3.3 V.
8
AMD-K6™E Embedded Processor Data Sheet Supplement
PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
CGF 321, Ceramic Pin-Grid Array (CPGA)
1.940
1.960
1.795
1.805
B
A
.100
.050
1.940
1.960
1.795
1.805
0.64 MAX
.060
(45¡ Chamfer)
.090
Index Corner
C
.005
F
B
.120
.130
321 x
.030
.010
1.940
1.960
1.768
1.776
1.221
1.295
A
.017
.020
M
M
C A
C
M
B
M
1.221
1.295
1.768
1.776
1.940 1.768 1.221
1.960 1.776 1.295
.100
Lid
.050
.051
.060
.115
.143
.060
.090
Index Corner
(45¡ Chamfer)
SIDE VIEW OF CGF PGA
16-038-CP-5_AC
CGF321
EU160
1.13.99 lv
Note: All dimensions are in inches.
AMD-K6™E Embedded Processor Data Sheet Supplement
9
Trademarks
AMD, the AMD logo, and combinations thereof, AMD-K6, and E86 are trademarks, and RISC86 is a registered trademark of Advanced Micro
Devices, Inc.
MMX is a trademark of Intel Corporation.
Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Netware is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc.
Product names used in this publication are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective companies.
Disclaimer
The contents of this document are provided in connection with Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. ("AMD") products. AMD makes no representations
or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this publication. Except as set forth in AMD’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, AMD assumes no
liability whatsoever, and disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to its products including, but not limited to, the implied warranty of
merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or infringement of any intellectual property right.
AMD’s products are not designed, intended, authorized or warranted for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the
body, or in other applications intended to support or sustain life, or in any other application in which the failure of AMD’s product could create a
situation where personal injury, death, or severe property or environmental damage may occur. AMD reserves the right to discontinue or make
changes to its products at any time without notice.
10
AMD-K6™E Embedded Processor Data Sheet Supplement