TSLW1401 EXTENDED TEMPERATURE 128 1 LINEAR SENSOR ARRAY WITH HOLD TAOS024A – JUNE 2001 Optical Glass Window 128 × 1 Sensor-Element Organization 400 Dots-Per-Inch (DPI) Sensor Pitch High Linearity and Uniformity for 256 Gray-Scale (8-Bit) Applications Output Referenced to Ground Low Image Lag . . . 0.5% Typ Operation to 2 MHz Single 5-V Supply (TOP VIEW) SI CLK AO VDD 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 GND GND GND GND Description The TSLW1401 linear sensor array consists of a 128 × 1 array of photodiodes, associated charge amplifier circuitry, and a pixel data-hold function that provides simultaneous-integration start and stop times for all pixels. The pixels measure 63.5 µm (H) by 55.5 µm (W) with 63.5-µm center-to-center spacing and 8-µm spacing between pixels. Operation is simplified by internal control logic that requires only a serial-input (SI) signal and a clock. Functional Block Diagram Pixel 1 Pixel 2 Integrator Reset Pixel 3 VDD 4 Pixel 128 Analog Bus Output Amplifier _ + 3 Sample/ Output RL (External Load) AO 6,7 GND Switch Control Logic Hold Q1 Q2 Q3 Q128 Gain Trim CLK SI 2 128-Bit Shift Register 1 www.taosinc.com Copyright 2001, TAOS Inc. Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions Inc. 800 Jupiter Road, Suite 205 Plano, TX 75074 (972) 673-0759 1 TSLW1401 EXTENDED TEMPERATURE 128 1 LINEAR SENSOR ARRAY WITH HOLD TAOS024A – JUNE 2001 Terminal Functions TERMINAL DESCRIPTION NAME NO. AO 3 Analog output. CLK 2 Clock. The clock controls charge transfer, pixel output, and reset. GND 5,6,7,8 Ground (substrate). All voltages are referenced to the substrate. SI 1 Serial input. SI defines the start of the data-out sequence. VDD 4 Supply voltage. Supply voltage for both analog and digital circuits. Detailed Description The sensor consists of 128 photodiodes arranged in a linear array. Light energy impinging on a photodiode generates photocurrent, which is integrated by the active integration circuitry associated with that pixel. During the integration period, a sampling capacitor connects to the output of the integrator through an analog switch. The amount of charge accumulated at each pixel is directly proportional to the light intensity and the integration time. The output and reset of the integrators is controlled by a 128-bit shift register and reset logic. An output cycle is initiated by clocking in a logic 1 on SI. For proper operation, after meeting the minimum hold time condition, SI must go low before the next rising edge of the clock. An internal signal, called Hold, is generated from the rising edge of SI and transmitted to analog switches in the pixel circuit. This causes all 128 sampling capacitors to be disconnected from their respective integrators and starts an integrator reset period. As the SI pulse is clocked through the shift register, the charge stored on the sampling capacitors is sequentially connected to a charge-coupled output amplifier that generates a voltage on analog output AO. Simultaneously, during the first 18 clock cycles, all pixel integrators are reset, and the next integration cycle begins on the 19th clock. On the 129th clock rising edge, the SI pulse is clocked out of the shift register and the analog output AO assumes a high impedance state. Note that this 129th clock pulse is required to terminate the output of the 128th pixel, and return the internal logic to a known state. A subsequent SI pulse may be presented as early as the 130th clock pulse, thereby initiating another pixel output cycle. AO is driven by a source follower that requires an external pulldown resistor. When the output is not in the output phase, it is in a high-impedance state. The output is nominally 0 V for no light input and 2 V for a nominal white-level output. The voltage developed at analog output (AO) is given by: Vout = Vdrk + (Re) (Ee)(tint) where: Vout Vdrk Re Ee tint is the analog output voltage for white condition is the analog output voltage for dark condition is the device responsivity for a given wavelength of light given in V/( µJ/cm2) is the incident irradiance in µW/cm2 is integration time in seconds The TSL1401 is intended for use in a wide variety of applications, including: image scanning, mark and code reading, optical character recognition (OCR) and contact imaging, edge detection and positioning, and optical linear and rotary encoding. Copyright 2001, TAOS Inc. 2 www.taosinc.com TSLW1401 EXTENDED TEMPERATURE 128 1 LINEAR SENSOR ARRAY WITH HOLD TAOS024A – JUNE 2001 Absolute Maximum Ratings† Supply voltage range, VDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 6 V Input voltage range, VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3V Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0) or (VI > VDD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –20 mA to 20 mA Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –25 mA to 25 mA Voltage range applied to any output in the high impedance or power-off state, VO . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V Continuous output current, IO (VO = 0 to VDD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –25 mA to 25 mA Continuous current through VDD or GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40 mA to 40 mA Analog output current range, IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –25 mA to 25 mA Operating free-air temperature range, TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –25°C to 115°C Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to 125°C Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “Recommended Operating Conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Recommended Operating Conditions (see Figure 1 and Figure 2) Supply voltage, VDD MIN NOM 4.5 5 MAX UNIT 5.5 V Input voltage, VI 0 VDD V High-level input voltage, VIH Low-level input voltage, VIL 2 VDD V Wavelength of light source, λ Clock frequency, fclock Sensor integration time, tint Setup time, serial input, tsu(SI) Hold time, serial input, th(SI) (see Note 1) 0 0.8 400 1000 nm 5 2000 kHz 0.0645 100 ms 20 ns 0 Operating free-air temperature, TA V ns –25 115 °C NOTE 1: SI must go low before the rising edge of the next clock pulse. CLK SI Internal Reset 18 Clock Cycles Integration Not Integrating Integrating ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ 129 Clock Cycles AO Hi-Z Hi-Z Figure 1. Timing Waveforms www.taosinc.com Copyright 2001, TAOS Inc. 3 TSLW1401 EXTENDED TEMPERATURE 128 1 LINEAR SENSOR ARRAY WITH HOLD TAOS024A – JUNE 2001 Electrical Characteristics at fclock = 1 MHz, VDD = 5 V, TA = 25°C, λp = 565 nm, tint = 5 ms, RL = 330 Ω, Ee = 15 µW/cm2 (unless otherwise noted) (see Note 2) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Ee = 15 µW/cm2, tint = 5 ms, λp = 565 nm MIN TYP MAX 1.6 2 2.4 V 0 0.1 0.2 V ±4% ±7.5% Vout Analog output voltage (white, average over 128 pixels) Vdrk Analog output voltage (dark, average over 128 pixels) PRNU Pixel response nonuniformity See Notes 3 & 4 Nonlinearity of analog output voltage See Note 4 ±0.4% Output noise voltage See Note 5 1 Re Responsivity Vsat Analog output saturation voltage SE Saturation exposure DSNU Dark signal nonuniformity IL Image lag IDD Supply current IIH High-level input current VI = VDD IIL Low-level input current VI = 0 Ci Input capacitance see Note 2 λp = 565 nm 19 UNIT FS mVrms 25 32 V/ (µJ/cm 2) 3 3.5 V 88 136 nJ/cm 2 See Note 6 λp = 565 nm All pixels See Note 7 0.08 0.120 All except pixel 1 See Note 7 0.017 0.035 See Note 8 V 0.5% 2.5 4 mA 1 µA 1 µA 5 pF NOTES: 2. The array is uniformly illuminated with a diffused LED source having a peak wavelength of 565 nm. 3. PRNU is the maximum difference between the voltage from any single pixel and the average output voltage from all pixels of the device under test when the array is uniformly illuminated at the white irradiance level. PRNU includes DSNU. 4. Nonlinearity is defined as the maximum deviation from a best-fit straight line over the dark-to-white irradiance levels, as a percent of analog output voltage (white). 5. RMS noise is the standard deviation of a single-pixel output under constant illumination as observed over a 5-second period. 6. Minimum saturation exposure is calculated using the minimum Vsat, the maximum Vdrk, and the maximum Re. 7. DSNU is the difference between the maximum and minimum output voltage in the absence of illumination. 8. Image lag is a residual signal left in a pixel from a previous exposure. It is defined as a percent of white-level signal remaining after a pixel is exposed to a white condition followed by a dark condition: IL V out (IL) V drk V out (white) V drk 100 Timing Requirements (see Figure 1 and Figure 2) MIN tsu(SI) Setup time, serial input (see Note 9) th(SI) Hold time, serial input (see Note 9 and Note 10) tw tr, tf NOM MAX UNIT 20 ns 0 ns Pulse duration, clock high or low 50 ns Input transition (rise and fall) time 0 500 ns NOTES: 9. Input pulses have the following characteristics: tr = 6 ns, tf = 6 ns. 10. SI must go low before the rising edge of the next clock pulse. Dynamic Characteristics over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (see Figure 2) PARAMETER ts Copyright 2001, TAOS Inc. 4 TEST CONDITIONS Analog output settling time to ±1% RL = 330 Ω, CL = 50 pF MIN TYP 350 MAX UNIT ns www.taosinc.com TSLW1401 EXTENDED TEMPERATURE 128 1 LINEAR SENSOR ARRAY WITH HOLD TAOS024A – JUNE 2001 tw 1 2 128 129 5V 2.5 V CLK 0V tsu(SI) SI 5V 50% 0V th(SI) ts AO ts Pixel 1 Pixel 128 Figure 2. Operational Waveforms TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS PHOTODIODE SPECTRAL RESPONSIVITY 1 TA = 25°C Normalized Responsivity 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 λ – Wavelength – nm Figure 3 www.taosinc.com Copyright 2001, TAOS Inc. 5 TSLW1401 EXTENDED TEMPERATURE 128 1 LINEAR SENSOR ARRAY WITH HOLD TAOS024A – JUNE 2001 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS DARK SIGNAL NONUNIFORMITY vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE SUPPLY CURRENT vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 4 0.04 I DD– Supply Current – mA Dark Signal Nonuniformity – V 0.06 0.03 0.02 3 2 1 0.01 0 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C 0 –40 120 –20 20 60 100 0 40 80 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C Figure 4 Figure 5 ANALOG OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE AVERAGE ANALOG OUTPUT VOLTAGE, WHITE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 1.2 Average Analog Output Voltage, White – V Analog Output Saturation Voltage – V 3.28 3.26 3.24 3.22 3.20 3.18 3.16 –40 –20 0 40 80 20 60 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C 100 120 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 VDD = 5 V = 400 nm to 660 nm 0.2 0 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C Figure 6 Copyright 2001, TAOS Inc. 6 120 120 Figure 7 www.taosinc.com TSLW1401 EXTENDED TEMPERATURE 128 1 LINEAR SENSOR ARRAY WITH HOLD TAOS024A – JUNE 2001 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Normalized Average Analog Output Voltage, Dark AVERAGE ANALOG OUTPUT VOLTAGE, DARK vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 4 VDD = 5 V 3.5 Normalized to 25C tint = 5 ms 3 tint = 2.5 ms 2.5 tint = 1 ms 2 1.5 1 0.5 tint = 0.5 ms 0 40 50 60 80 100 110 70 90 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C 120 Figure 8 www.taosinc.com Copyright 2001, TAOS Inc. 7 TSLW1401 EXTENDED TEMPERATURE 128 1 LINEAR SENSOR ARRAY WITH HOLD TAOS024A – JUNE 2001 MECHANICAL INFORMATION The integrated circuit is mounted in a window frame package with a clear, flat glass cover. 5 6 Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SI CLK AO VDD GND GND GND GND 7 8 4 3 2 1 SECTION ’A–A’ 0.600 [15.240] 0.090 [2.286] 0.536 [13.614] 7 0.075 [1.905 0.375 [9.512] 0.150 [3.810] 0.060 [1.524] 0.040 [1.016] A 0.550 [13.970] C L 0.325 [8.255] 0.260 [6.610] NOTE B 0.010 [0.254] (CHAMFER REF.) Pin 1 A C L 0.020 [0.508] 0.020 [0.508] 0.135 [3.429] 0.025 [0.635] 0.115 [2.921] 0.100 [2.540] (TYP. 3 PLCS.) 0.135 [3.425] REF. NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches and parenthetically in [millimeters] ( ± 0.1 mm). B. Pixel 1 typical location aligns on leading edge of pin 1 and 0.71 mm above package centerline. C. Glass thickness nominally 1 mm with refraction index of 1.5186. Figure 9. Packaging Configuration Copyright 2001, TAOS Inc. 8 www.taosinc.com TSLW1401 EXTENDED TEMPERATURE 128 1 LINEAR SENSOR ARRAY WITH HOLD TAOS024A – JUNE 2001 PRODUCTION DATA — information in this document is current at publication date. Products conform to specifications in accordance with the terms of Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions, Inc. standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. NOTICE Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions, Inc. (TAOS) reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this document to improve performance or for any other purpose, or to discontinue them without notice. Customers are advised to contact TAOS to obtain the latest product information before placing orders or designing TAOS products into systems. TAOS assumes no responsibility for the use of any products or circuits described in this document or customer product design, conveys no license, either expressed or implied, under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that the circuits are free of patent infringement. TAOS further makes no claim as to the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does TAOS assume any liability arising out of the use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. TEXAS ADVANCED OPTOELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS, INC. PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED OR INTENDED FOR USE IN CRITICAL APPLICATIONS IN WHICH THE FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION OF THE TAOS PRODUCT MAY RESULT IN PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH. USE OF TAOS PRODUCTS IN LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IS EXPRESSLY UNAUTHORIZED AND ANY SUCH USE BY A CUSTOMER IS COMPLETELY AT THE CUSTOMER’S RISK. TAOS, the TAOS logo, and Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions are trademarks of Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions Incorporated. www.taosinc.com Copyright 2001, TAOS Inc. 9 TSLW1401 EXTENDED TEMPERATURE 128 1 LINEAR SENSOR ARRAY WITH HOLD TAOS024A – JUNE 2001 Copyright 2001, TAOS Inc. 10 www.taosinc.com