AD OP27EJ

a
Low-Noise, Precision
Operational Amplifier
OP27
PIN CONNECTIONS
FEATURES
Low Noise: 80 nV p-p (0.1 Hz to 10 Hz), 3 nV/√Hz
Low Drift: 0.2 V/C
High Speed: 2.8 V/s Slew Rate, 8 MHz Gain
Bandwidth
Low VOS: 10 V
Excellent CMRR: 126 dB at V CM of ±11 V
High Open-Loop Gain: 1.8 Million
Fits 725, OP07, 5534A Sockets
Available in Die Form
TO-99
(J-Suffix)
BAL
BAL 1
OP27
V+
OUT
–IN 2
NC
+IN 3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
4V– (CASE)
NC = NO CONNECT
The OP27 precision operational amplifier combines the low
offset and drift of the OP07 with both high speed and low noise.
Offsets down to 25 µV and drift of 0.6 µV/°C maximum make
the OP27 ideal for precision instrumentation applications.
Exceptionally low noise, en = 3.5 nV/√Hz, at 10 Hz, a low 1/f
noise corner frequency of 2.7 Hz, and high gain (1.8 million),
allow accurate high-gain amplification of low-level signals. A
gain-bandwidth product of 8 MHz and a 2.8 V/µsec slew rate
provides excellent dynamic accuracy in high-speed, dataacquisition systems.
8-Pin Hermetic DIP
(Z-Suffix)
Epoxy Mini-DIP
(P-Suffix)
8-Pin SO
(S-Suffix)
A low input bias current of ± 10 nA is achieved by use of a
bias-current-cancellation circuit. Over the military temperature
range, this circuit typically holds IB and IOS to ±20 nA and 15 nA,
respectively.
VOS TRIM 1
The output stage has good load driving capability. A guaranteed
swing of ± 10 V into 600 Ω and low output distortion make the
OP27 an excellent choice for professional audio applications.
8
VOS TRIM
–IN 2
7
V+
+IN 3
6
OUT
V– 4
5
NC
OP27
NC = NO CONNECT
(Continued on page 7)
V+
R3
Q6
R1*
1
C2
R4
8
VOS ADJ.
Q22
R2*
R23
Q21
Q24
Q23
Q46
C1
R24
R9
Q20
Q1A
Q1B
Q2B
Q19
OUTPUT
R12
Q2A
NONINVERTING
INPUT (+)
C3
R5
C4
Q3
INVERTING
INPUT (–)
Q11
Q26
Q12
Q27
Q45
Q28
*R1 AND R2 ARE PERMANENTLY
ADJUSTED AT WAFER TEST FOR
MINIMUM OFFSET VOLTAGE.
V–
Figure 1. Simplified Schematic
REV. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise
under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 781/329-4700
www.analog.com
Fax: 781/326-8703
© Analog Devices, Inc., 2002
OP27–SPECIFICATIONS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (@ V = ±15 V, T = 25C, unless otherwise noted.)
S
Conditions
A
Min
OP27A/E
Typ Max
Min
OP27F
Typ Max
Min
OP27C/G
Typ Max
Parameter
Symbol
Unit
INPUT OFFSET
VOLTAGE1
VOS
10
25
20
60
30
100
µV
LONG-TERM VOS
STABILITY2, 3
VOS/Time
0.2
1.0
0.3
1.5
0.4
2.0
µV/MO
INPUT OFFSET
CURRENT
IOS
7
35
9
50
12
75
nA
INPUT BIAS
CURRENT
IB
± 10
± 40
± 12
± 55
± 15
± 80
nA
INPUT NOISE
VOLTAGE3, 4
en p-p
0.1 Hz to 10 Hz
0.08
0.18
0.08
0.18
0.09
0.25
µV p-p
INPUT NOISE
Voltage Density3
en
fO = 10 Hz
fO = 30 Hz
fO = 1000 Hz
3.5
3.1
3.0
5.5
4.5
3.8
3.5
3.1
3.0
5.5
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.3
3.2
8.0
5.6
4.5
nV/√Hz
nV/√Hz
nV/√Hz
INPUT NOISE
Current Density3, 5
in
fO = 10 Hz
fO = 30 Hz
fO = 1000 Hz
1.7
1.0
0.4
4.0
2.3
0.6
1.7
1.0
0.4
4.0
2.3
0.6
1.7
1.0
0.4
0.6
pA/√Hz
pA/√Hz
pA/√Hz
INPUT
RESISTANCE
Differential-Mode6
Common-Mode
RIN
RINCM
1.3
INPUT VOLTAGE
RANGE
IVR
± 11.0 ± 12.3
± 11.0 ± 12.3
± 11.0 ± 12.3
V
114
106
100
dB
6
3
0.94
5
2.5
0.7
4
2
MΩ
GΩ
COMMON-MODE
REJECTION RATIO CMRR
VCM = ± 11 V
POWER SUPPLY
PSRR
REJECTION RATIO
VS = ± 4 V
to ± 18 V
LARGE-SIGNAL
VOLTAGE GAIN
RL ≥ 2 kΩ,
VO = ± 10 V
RL ≥ 600 Ω,
VO = ± 10 V
1000
1800
1000
1800
700
1500
V/mV
800
1500
800
1500
600
1500
V/mV
AVO
126
1
10
123
1
10
120
2
20
µV/V
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE SWING
VO
RL ≥ 2 kΩ
RL ≥ 600 Ω
± 12.0 ± 13.8
± 10.0 ± 11.5
± 12.0 ± 13.8
± 10.0 ± 11.5
± 11.5 ± 13.5
± 10.0 ± 11.5
V
V
SLEW RATE7
SR
RL ≥ 2 kΩ
1.7
2.8
1.7
2.8
1.7
2.8
V/µs
GAIN
BANDWIDTH
PRODUCT7
GBW
5.0
8.0
5.0
8.0
5.0
8.0
MHz
OPEN-LOOP
OUTPUT
RESISTANCE
RO
VO = 0, IO = 0
70
70
Ω
POWER
CONSUMPTION
Pd
VO
90
RP = 10 kΩ
± 4.0
OFFSET
ADJUSTMENT
RANGE
70
140
90
± 4.0
140
100
± 4.0
170
mW
mV
NOTES
1
Input offset voltage measurements are performed ~ 0.5 seconds after application of power. A/E grades guaranteed fully warmed up.
2
Long-term input offset voltage stability refers to the average trend line of V OS versus. Time over extended periods after the first 30 days of operation. Excluding the
initial hour of operation, changes in V OS during the first 30 days are typically 2.5 µV. Refer to typical performance curve.
3
Sample tested.
4
See test circuit and frequency response curve for 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz tester.
5
See test circuit for current noise measurement.
6
Guaranteed by input bias current.
7
Guaranteed by design.
–2–
REV. A
OP27
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(@ VS = ±15 V, –55C ≤ TA ≤ 125C, unless otherwise noted.)
Symbol
INPUT OFFSET
VOLTAGE1
VOS
30
60
TCVOS2
TCVOSn3
0.2
INPUT OFFSET
CURRENT
IOS
INPUT BIAS
CURRENT
IB
INPUT VOLTAGE
RANGE
IVR
AVERAGE INPUT
OFFSET DRIFT
Conditions
Min
OP27A
Typ
Parameter
Max
Min
OP27C
Typ
Max
Unit
70
300
µV
0.6
4
1.8
µV/°C
15
50
30
135
nA
± 20
± 60
± 35
± 150
nA
± 10.3
± 11.5
± 10.2
± 11.5
V
108
122
94
118
dB
COMMON-MODE
REJECTION RATIO CMRR
VCM = ± 10 V
POWER SUPPLY
REJECTION RATIO PSRR
VS = ± 4.5 V to ± 18 V
2
LARGE-SIGNAL
VOLTAGE GAIN
AVO
RL ≥ 2 kΩ, VO = ± 10 V 600
1200
300
800
V/mV
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE SWING
VO
RL ≥ 2 kΩ
± 13.5
± 10.5
± 13.0
V
± 11.5
16
4
51
µV/V
NOTES
1
Input offset voltage measurements are performed by automated test equipment approximately 0.5 seconds after application of power. A/E grades guaranteed fully
warmed up.
2
The TCVOS performance is within the specifications unnulled or when nulled with R P = 8 kΩ to 20 kΩ. TCVOS is 100% tested for A/E grades, sample tested for
C/F/G grades.
3
Guaranteed by design.
REV. A
–3–
OP27
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(@ VS = ±15 V, –25C¯≤ TA ≤ 85C for OP27J, OP27Z, 0C ≤ TA ≤ 70C for OP27EP,
OP27FP, and –40C ≤ TA ≤ 85C for OP27GP, OP27GS, unless otherwise noted.)
VOS
20
50
40
140
55
220
µV
TCVOS1
TCVOSn2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.3
1.3
1.3
04
04
1.8
1.8
µV/°C
µV/°C
INPUT OFFSET
CURRENT
IOS
10
50
14
85
20
135
nA
INPUT BIAS
CURRENT
IB
± 14
± 60
± 18
± 95
± 25
± 150
nA
INPUT VOLTAGE
RANGE
IVR
POWER SUPPLY
REJECTION RATIO PSRR
LARGE-SIGNAL
VOLTAGE GAIN
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE SWING
AVO
VO
VCM = ± 10 V
Max
Min
Min
OP27G
Typ Max
INPUT ONSET
VOLTAGE
COMMON-MODE
REJECTION RATIO CMRR
Min
OP27F
Typ Max
Symbol
AVERAGE INPUT
OFFSET DRIFT
Conditions
OP27E
Typ
Parameter
Unit
± 10.5
± 11.8
± 10.5 ± 11.8
± 10.5 ± 11.8
V
110
124
102
96
dB
VS = ± 4.5 V
to ± 18 V
2
15
121
2
RL ≥ 2 kΩ,
VO = ± 10 V
750
1500
700
RL ≥ 2 kΩ
± 11.7
± 13.6
± 11.4 ± 13.5
1300
16
118
2
450
1000
± 11.0 ± 13.3
32
µV/V
V/mV
V
NOTES
1
The TCVOS performance is within the specifications unnulled or when nulled with R P = 8 kΩ to 20 kΩ. TCVOS is 100% tested for A/E grades, sample tested for
C/F/G grades.
2
Guaranteed by design.
–4–
REV. A
OP27
DICE CHARACTERISTICS
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
NULL
(–) INPUT
(+) INPUT
V–
OUTPUT
V+
NULL
DIE SIZE 0.109 0.055 INCH, 5995 SQ. MILS
(2.77 1.40mm, 3.88 SQ. mm)
WAFER TEST LIMITS
(@ VS = ±15 V, TA = 25C unless otherwise noted.)
OP27N
Limit
OP27G
Limit
OP27GR
Limit
Unit
VOS
35
60
100
µV Max
INPUT OFFSET CURRENT
IOS
35
50
75
nA Max
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
IB
± 40
± 55
± 80
nA Max
INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE
IVR
± 11
± 11
± 11
V Min
COMMON-MODE REJECTION
RATIO
CMRR
VCM = IVR
114
106
100
dB Min
POWER SUPPLY
PSRR
VS = ± 4 V to ± 18 V
10
10
20
µV/V Max
AVO
AVO
RL ≥ 2 kΩ, VO = ± 10 V
RL ≥ 600 Ω, VO = ± 10 V
1000
800
1000
800
700
600
V/mV Min
V/mV Min
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
VO
VO
RL ≥ 2 kΩ
RL2600n
± 12.0
± 10.0
± 12.0
± 10.0
+11.5
± 10.0
V Min
V Min
POWER CONSUMPTION
Pd
VO = 0
140
140
170
mW Max
Parameter
Symbol
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE*
LARGE-SIGNAL VOLTAGE
GAIN
Conditions
NOTE
*Electrical tests are performed at wafer probe to the limits shown. Due to variations in assembly methods and normal yield loss, yield after packaging is not guaranteed
for standard product dice. Consult factory to negotiate specifications based on dice lot qualification through sample lot assembly and testing.
REV. A
–5–
OP27
TYPICAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (@ V = ±15 V, T = 25C unless otherwise noted.)
S
Parameter
AVERAGE INPUT OFFSET
VOLTAGE DRIFT*
Symbol
Conditions
TCVOS or
TCVOSn
Nulled or Unnulled
RP = 8 kΩ to 20 kΩ
A
OP27N
Typical
OP27G
Typical
OP27GR
Typical
Unit
0.2
0.3
0.4
µV/°C
AVERAGE INPUT OFFSET
CURRENT DRIFT
TCIOS
80
130
180
pA/°C
AVERAGE INPUT BIAS
CURRENT DRIFT
TCIB
100
160
200
pA/°C
INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
DENSITY
en
en
en
fO = 10 Hz
fO = 30 Hz
fO = 1000 Hz
3.5
3.1
3.0
3.5
3.1
3.0
3.8
3.3
3.2
nV/√Hz
nV/√Hz
nV/√Hz
in
in
in
fO = 10 Hz
fO = 30 Hz
fO = 1000 Hz
1.7
1.0
0.4
1.7
1.0
0.4
1.7
1.0
0.4
pA/√Hz
pA/√Hz
pA/√Hz
INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
SLEW RATE
enp-p
SR
0.1 Hz to 10 Hz
RL ≥ 2 kΩ
0.08
2.8
0.08
2.8
0.09
2.8
µV p-p
V/µs
GAIN BANDWIDTH
PRODUCT
GBW
8
8
8
MHz
INPUT NOISE CURRENT
DENSITY
NOTE
*Input offset voltage measurements are performed by automated test equipment approximately 0.5 seconds after application of power.
–6–
REV. A
OP27
(Continued from page 1)
The OP27 provides excellent performance in low-noise, highaccuracy amplification of low-level signals. Applications include
stable integrators, precision summing amplifiers, precision voltagethreshold detectors, comparators, and professional audio circuits
such as tape-head and microphone preamplifiers.
PSRR and CMRR exceed 120 dB. These characteristics, coupled
with long-term drift of 0.2 µV/month, allow the circuit designer
to achieve performance levels previously attained only by discrete designs.
The OP27 is a direct replacement for 725, OP06, OP07, and
OP45 amplifiers; 741 types may be directly replaced by removing the 741’s nulling potentiometer.
Low-cost, high-volume production of OP27 is achieved by
using an on-chip Zener zap-trimming network. This reliable
and stable offset trimming scheme has proved its effectiveness
over many years of production history.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 4
Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 22 V
Input Voltage1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 22 V
Output Short-Circuit Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indefinite
Differential Input Voltage2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 0.7 V
Differential Input Current2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 25 mA
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Operating Temperature Range
OP27A, OP27C (J, Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to +125°C
OP27E, OP27F (J, Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –25°C to +85°C
OP27E, OP27F (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0°C to 70°C
OP27G (P, S, J, Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +85°C
Lead Temperature Range (Soldering, 60 sec) . . . . . . . 300°C
Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Package Type
JA3
JC
Unit
TO 99 (J)
8-Lead Hermetic DlP (Z)
8-Lead Plastic DIP (P)
20-Contact LCC (RC)
8-Lead SO (S)
150
148
103
98
158
18
16
43
38
43
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
NOTES
1
For supply voltages less than ± 22 V, the absolute maximum input voltage is
equal to the supply voltage.
2
The OP27’s inputs are protected by back-to-back diodes. Current limiting
resistors are not used in order to achieve low noise. If differential input voltage
exceeds ± 0.7 V, the input current should be limited to 25 mA.
3
␪JA is specified for worst-case mounting conditions, i.e., ␪JA is specified for
device in socket for TO, CERDIP, and P-DIP packages; ␪JA is specified for
device soldered to printed circuit board for SO package.
4
Absolute Maximum Ratings apply to both DICE and packaged parts, unless
otherwise noted.
ORDERING INFORMATION 1
Package
TA = 25°C
VOS Max
(µV)
25
25
60
100
100
100
TO-99
CERDIP
8-Lead
OP27AJ2, 3
OP27EJ2, 3
OP27AZ2
OP27EZ
OP27GJ
OP27CZ3
OP27GZ
Plastic
8-Lead
OP27EP
OP27FP3
OP27GP
OP27GS4
Operating
Temperature
Range
MIL
IND/COM
IND/COM
MIL
XIND
XIND
NOTES
1
Burn-in is available on commercial and industrial temperature range parts in CERDIP, plastic
DIP, and TO-can packages.
2
For devices processed in total compliance to MIL-STD-883, add /883 after part number.
Consult factory for 883 data sheet.
3
Not for new design; obsolete April 2002.
4
For availability and burn-in information on SO and PLCC packages, contact your local
sales office.
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although
the OP27 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices
subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are
recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
REV. A
–7–
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
OP27–Typical Performance Characteristics
VOLTAGE NOISE – nV/ Hz
90
70
60
50
TEST TIME OF 10sec FURTHER
LIMITS LOW FREQUENCY
(<0.1Hz) GAIN
40
30
0.01
100
TA = 25C
VS = 15V
5
4
3
I/F CORNER = 2.7Hz
2
I/F CORNER
10 I/F CORNER =
LOW NOISE
2.7Hz
AUDIO OP AMP
OP27
I/F CORNER
INSTRUMENTATION AUDIO RANGE
RANGE TO DC
TO 20kHz
1
0.1
1
10
FREQUENCY – Hz
1
1
100
TPC 1. 0.1 Hz to 10 Hzp-p Noise Tester
Frequency Response
10
100
FREQUENCY – Hz
1k
TPC 2. Voltage Noise Density vs.
Frequency
1
TOTAL NOISE – nV/ Hz
1
0.1
1k
5
R1
TA = 25C
VS = 15V
TA = 25C
VS = 15V
10
100
FREQUENCY – Hz
TPC 3. A Comparison of Op Amp
Voltage Noise Spectra
100
10
RMS VOLTAGE NOISE – V
741
VS = 15V
R2
VOLTAGE NOISE – nV/ Hz
GAIN – dB
80
10
9
8
7
6
VOLTAGE NOISE – nV/ Hz
100
RS – 2R1
10
AT 10Hz
AT 1kHz
4
AT 10Hz
3
AT 1kHz
2
RESISTOR NOISE ONLY
1k
10k
BANDWIDTH – Hz
1
100
100k
TPC 4. Input Wideband Voltage
Noise vs. Bandwidth (0.1 Hz to
Frequency Indicated)
1
–50
10k
TPC 5. Total Noise vs. Sourced
Resistance
4
AT 10Hz
AT 1kHz
3
2
0
10
20
30
40
1.0
TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V+ – V–) – V
TPC 7. Voltage Noise Density vs.
Supply Voltage
0.1
10
0
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE – C
100
125
5.0
4.0
TA = +125C
3.0
TA = –55C
2.0
TA = +25C
I/F CORNER = 140Hz
1
–25
TPC 6. Voltage Noise Density vs.
Temperature
10.0
TA = 25C
CURRENT NOISE – pA/ Hz
VOLTAGE NOISE – nV/ Hz
5
1k
SOURCE RESISTANCE – SUPPLY CURRENT – mA
0.01
100
1.0
100
1k
FREQUENCY – Hz
10k
TPC 8. Current Noise Density vs.
Frequency
–8–
5
15
25
35
TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE – V
45
TPC 9. Supply Current vs. Supply
Voltage
REV. A
OP27
10
OP27A
0
–10
OP27A
–20
–30
–40
TRIMMING WITH
10k POT DOES
NOT CHANGE
TCVOS
–50
–60
–70
–75 –50 –25
2
0
–2
–4
–6
6
4
2
0
–2
–4
OP27C
0
1
2
3
4
5
THERMAL
SHOCK
RESPONSE
BAND
DEVICE IMMERSED
IN 70C OIL BATH
40
60
40
30
20
OP27C
10
80
–50 –25
100
90
70
50
SLEW RATE – V/s
VOLTAGE GAIN – dB
110
30
10
10
100
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M
FREQUENCY – Hz
TPC 16. Open-Loop Gain vs.
Frequency
REV. A
20
OP27C
10
OP27A
0
25
50
75
0
–75 –50
100 125 150
TPC 14. Input Bias Current vs.
Temperature
PHASE MARGIN – Degrees
130
5
30
TEMPERATURE – C
TPC 13. Offset Voltage Change Due
to Thermal Shock
4
3
40
OP27A
TIME – Sec
1
2
VS = 15V
–25 0
25
50 75
TEMPERATURE – C
100
125
TPC 15. Input Offset Current vs.
Temperature
25
80
70
M
VS = 15V
9
60
GBW
50
8
4
SLEW
3
7
2
–75
–50 –25
0
25
50
75
6
100 125
TEMPERATURE – C
TPC 17. Slew Rate, Gain-Bandwidth
Product, Phase Margin vs.
Temperature
–9–
TA = 25C
VS = 15V
10
20
100
GAIN
120
15
GAIN – dB
20
1
50
GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT – MHz
0
0
TPC 12. Warm-Up Offset Voltage
Drift
0
0
–20
OP27 A/E
TIME AFTER POWER ON – Min
INPUT OFFSET CURRENT – nA
INPUT BIAS CURRENT – nA
OPEN-LOOP GAIN – dB
15
5
OP27 F
5
VS = 15V
TA = 70C
10
OP27 C/G
7
50
25
–10
6
TPC 11. Long-Term Offset Voltage
Drift of Six Representative Units
VS = 15V
20
10
TIME – Months
30
TA =
25C
TA = 25C
VS = 15V
1
–6
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175
TEMPERATURE – C
TPC 10. Offset Voltage Drift of
Five Representative Units vs.
Temperature
4
10
PHASE
MARGIN
= 70
140
5
160
0
180
–5
200
–10
1M
10M
FREQUENCY – Hz
TPC 18. Gain, Phase Shift vs.
Frequency
220
100M
PHASE SHIFT – Degrees
OP27A
30
20
CHANGE IN OFFSET VOLTAGE – V
40
OFFSET VOLTAGE – V
6
OP27C
50
CHANGE IN INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE – V
60
OP27
2.5
18
28
TA = 25C
VS = 15V
2.0
RL = 2k
1.5
RL = 1k
1.0
0.5
0
0
10
20
30
40
24
20
16
12
8
12
NEGATIVE
SWING
10
8
6
4
2
4
TA = 25C
VS = 15V
0
10k
TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE – V
TPC 19. Open-Loop Voltage Gain vs.
Supply Voltage
POSITIVE
SWING
14
0
1k
50
16
MAXIMUM OUTPUT – V
PEAK-TO-PEAK AMPLITUDE – V
OPEN-LOOP GAIN – V/V
TA = 25C
100k
1M
FREQUENCY – Hz
–2
100
10M
TPC 20. Maximum Output Swing vs.
Frequency
1k
LOAD RESISTANCE – 10k
TPC 21. Maximum Output Voltage
vs. Load Resistance
100
VS = 15V
VIN = 100mV
AV = +1
80
500ns
20mV
% OVERSHOOT
50mV
60
0V
2s
2V
+5V
AVCL = +1
CL = 15pF
VS = 15V
TA = 25C
AVCL = +1
VS = 15V
TA = 25C
0V
40
–5V
–50mV
20
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
CAPACITIVE LOAD – pF
TPC 22. Small-Signal Overshoot vs.
Capacitive Load
TPC 23. Small-Signal Transient
Response
140
60
16
VS = 15V
TA = 25C
VCM = 10V
50
120
40
ISC(+)
30
TA = –55C
12
COMMON-MODE RANGE – V
TA = 25C
VS = 15V
CMRR – dB
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT – mA
TPC 24. Large-Signal Transient
Response
100
ISC(–)
80
20
TA = +25C
8
TA = +125C
4
0
TA = –55C
–4
TA = +25C
–8
TA = +125C
–12
10
0
1
2
3
4
TIME FROM OUTPUT SHORTED TO
GROUND – Min
TPC 25. Short-Circuit Current vs.
Time
5
60
100
–16
1k
10k
100k
FREQUENCY – Hz
TPC 26. CMRR vs. Frequency
–10–
1M
0
5
10
15
20
SUPPLY VOLTAGE – V
TPC 27. Common-Mode Input Range
vs. Supply Voltage
REV. A
OP27
2.4
OP27
10 D.U.T.
VOLTAGE
GAIN
= 50,000
4.7F
2k
4.3k 22F
OP12
100k
0.1F 2.2F
24.3k
SCOPE 1
RIN = 1M
110k
TPC 28. Voltage Noise Test Circuit
(0.1 Hz to 10 Hz)
TA = 25C
VS = 15V
2.2
1 SEC/DIV
2.0
120
VOLTAGE NOISE – nV
100k
OPEN-LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN – V/V
0.1F
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
80
40
0
–40
–90
–120
0.8
0.6
0.1Hz to 10Hz p-p NOISE
0.4
100
1k
10k
LOAD RESISTANCE – 100k
TPC 29. Open-Loop Voltage Gain vs.
Load Resistance
TPC 30. Low-Frequency Noise
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO – dB
160
TA = 25C
140
120
100
NEGATIVE
SWING
80
60
POSITIVE
SWING
40
20
0
1
10
100
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M
FREQUENCY – Hz
TPC 31. PSRR vs. Frequency
APPLICATION INFORMATION
OP27 series units may be inserted directly into 725 and OP07
sockets with or without removal of external compensation or
nulling components. Additionally, the OP27 may be fitted to
unnulled 741-type sockets; however, if conventional 741 nulling
circuitry is in use, it should be modified or removed to ensure
correct OP27 operation. OP27 offset voltage may be nulled to
zero (or another desired setting) using a potentiometer (see
Offset Nulling Circuit).
approximately (VOS/300) µV/°C. For example, the change in
TCVOS will be 0.33 µV/°C if VOS is adjusted to 100 µV. The
offset voltage adjustment range with a 10 kΩ potentiometer is
± 4 mV. If smaller adjustment range is required, the nulling
sensitivity can be reduced by using a smaller pot in conjuction
with fixed resistors. For example, the network below will have a
± 280 µV adjustment range.
1
The OP27 provides stable operation with load capacitances of
up to 2000 pF and ± 10 V swings; larger capacitances should be
decoupled with a 50 Ω resistor inside the feedback loop. The
OP27 is unity-gain stable.
Thermoelectric voltages generated by dissimilar metals at the
input terminal contacts can degrade the drift performance. Best
operation will be obtained when both input contacts are maintained at the same temperature.
OFFSET VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT
The input offset voltage of the OP27 is trimmed at wafer level.
However, if further adjustment of VOS is necessary, a 10 kΩ trim
potentiometer can be used. TCVOS is not degraded (see Offset
Nulling Circuit). Other potentiometer values from 1 kΩ to 1 MΩ
can be used with a slight degradation (0.1 µV/°C to 0.2 µV/°C)
of TCVOS. Trimming to a value other than zero creates a drift of
REV. A
4.7k
1k POT
4.7k
8
V+
Figure 2.
NOISE MEASUREMENTS
To measure the 80 nV peak-to-peak noise specification of the
OP27 in the 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz range, the following precautions
must be observed:
1. The device must be warmed up for at least five minutes.
As shown in the warm-up drift curve, the offset voltage
typically changes 4 µV due to increasing chip temperature
after power-up. In the 10-second measurement interval,
these temperature-induced effects can exceed tens-ofnanovolts.
2. For similar reasons, the device has to be well-shielded from
air currents. Shielding minimizes thermocouple effects.
–11–
OP27
3. Sudden motion in the vicinity of the device can also
“feedthrough” to increase the observed noise.
1/2
(Voltage Noise)2 +



2


Total Noise = (Current Noise × RS ) + 


2
(Resistor Noise)

4. The test time to measure 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz noise should not
exceed 10 seconds. As shown in the noise-tester frequency
response curve, the 0.1 Hz corner is defined by only one
zero. The test time of 10 seconds acts as an additional zero
to eliminate noise contributions from the frequency band
below 0.1 Hz.
Figure 4 shows noise versus source-resistance at 1000 Hz. The
same plot applies to wideband noise. To use this plot, multiply
the vertical scale by the square root of the bandwidth.
5. A noise-voltage-density test is recommended when measuring
noise on a large number of units. A 10 Hz noise-voltagedensity measurement will correlate well with a 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz
peak-to-peak noise reading, since both results are determined
by the white noise and the location of the 1/f corner frequency.
100
50
TOTAL NOISE – nV/ Hz
1
UNITY-GAIN BUFFER APPLICATIONS
When R f ≤ 100 Ω and the input is driven with a fast, large signal
pulse (>1 V), the output waveform will look as shown in the
pulsed operation diagram (Figure 3).
During the fast feedthrough-like portion of the output, the input
protection diodes effectively short the output to the input and a
current, limited only by the output short-circuit protection, will
be drawn by the signal generator. With Rf ≥ 500 Ω, the output is
capable of handling the current requirements (IL ≤ 20 mA at 10 V);
the amplifier will stay in its active mode and a smooth transition
will occur.
Rf
–
2.8V/s
OP27
+
Figure 3. Pulsed Operation
COMMENTS ON NOISE
The OP27 is a very low-noise monolithic op amp. The outstanding
input voltage noise characteristics of the OP27 are achieved mainly
by operating the input stage at a high quiescent current. The input
bias and offset currents, which would normally increase, are held
to reasonable values by the input bias-current cancellation circuit.
The OP27A/E has IB and IOS of only ± 40 nA and 35 nA at 25°C
respectively. This is particularly important when the input has a
high source resistance. In addition, many audio amplifier designers prefer to use direct coupling. The high IB, VOS, and TCVOS
of previous designs have made direct coupling difficult, if not
impossible, to use.
2
OP07
10
5
1 RS
e.g. RS
2 RS
e.g. RS
5534
OP27/37
1
50
UNMATCHED
= R S1 = 10k, R S2 = 0
MATCHED
= 10k, R S1 = R S2 = 5k
RS1
RS2
REGISTER
NOISE ONLY
10k
500
1k
5k
RS – SOURCE RESISTANCE – 100
50k
Figure 4. Noise vs. Source Resistance (Including Resistor
Noise) at 1000 Hz
At RS <1 kΩ, the OP27’s low voltage noise is maintained. With
RS <1 kΩ, total noise increases, but is dominated by the resistor noise rather than current or voltage noise. lt is only beyond
RS of 20 kΩ that current noise starts to dominate. The argument
can be made that current noise is not important for applications with low to moderate source resistances. The crossover
between the OP27, OP07, and OP08 noise occurs in the 15 kΩ to
40 kΩ region.
Figure 5 shows the 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz peak-to-peak noise. Here
the picture is less favorable; resistor noise is negligible and current
noise becomes important because it is inversely proportional to
the square root of frequency. The crossover with the OP07
occurs in the 3 kΩ to 5 kΩ range depending on whether balanced or unbalanced source resistors are used (at 3 kΩ the IB
and IOS error also can be three times the VOS spec.).
Voltage noise is inversely proportional to the square root of bias
current, but current noise is proportional to the square root of
bias current. The OP27’s noise advantage disappears when high
source-resistors are used. Figures 4, 5, and 6 compare OP27’s
observed total noise with the noise performance of other devices
in different circuit applications.
1k
OP08/108
500
5534
OP07
p-p NOISE – nV
When Rf > 2 kΩ, a pole will be created with Rf and the amplifier’s
input capacitance (8 pF) that creates additional phase shift and
reduces phase margin. A small capacitor (20 pF to 50 pF) in
parallel with R f will eliminate this problem.
OP08/108
1
2
100
OP27/37
1 RS
e.g. RS
2 RS
e.g. RS
50
UNMATCHED
= R S1 = 10k, R S2 = 0
MATCHED
= 10k, R S1 = R S2 = 5k
RS1
REGISTER
NOISE ONLY
10
50
100
RS2
10k
500
1k
5k
RS – SOURCE RESISTANCE – 50k
Figure 5. Peak-to-Peak Noise (0.1 Hz to 10 Hz) as Source
Resistance (Includes Resistor Noise)
–12–
REV. A
OP27
Therefore, for low-frequency applications, the OP07 is better
than the OP27/OP37 when RS > 3 kΩ. The only exception is
when gain error is important. Figure 6 illustrates the 10 Hz
noise. As expected, the results are between the previous two
figures.
For reference, typical source resistances of some signal sources
are listed in Table I.
Table I.
Device
Source
Impedance
Strain Gauge
<500 Ω
Typically used in lowfrequency applications.
Magnetic
Tapehead
<1500 Ω
Low is very important to
reduce self-magnetization
problems when direct coupling
is used. OP27 IB can be
neglected.
<1500 Ω
Magnetic
Phonograph
Cartridges
Linear Variable <1500 Ω
Differential
Transformer
Comments
Figure 7 is an example of a phono pre-amplifier circuit using the
OP27 for A1; R1-R2-C1-C2 form a very accurate RIAA network with standard component values. The popular method to
accomplish RIAA phono equalization is to employ frequencydependent feedback around a high-quality gain block. Properly
chosen, an RC network can provide the three necessary time
constants of 3180, 318, and 75 µs.1
For initial equalization accuracy and stability, precision metal
film resistors and film capacitors of polystyrene or polypropylene are recommended since they have low voltage coefficients,
dissipation factors, and dielectric absorption.4 (High-K ceramic
capacitors should be avoided here, though low-K ceramics—
such as NPO types, which have excellent dissipation factors
and somewhat lower dielectric absorption—can be considered
for small values.)
C4 (2)
220F
+
+
MOVING MAGNET
CARTRIDGE INPUT
Similar need for low IB in
direct coupled applications.
OP27 will not introduce any
self-magnetization problem.
Ra
47.5k
Ca
150pF
C3
0.47F
A1
OP27
R1
97.6k
Used in rugged servo-feedback
applications. Bandwidth of
interest is 400 Hz to 5 kHz.
R2
7.87k
OP07
OP27
OP37
3 Hz
10 Hz
30 Hz
100 dB
100 dB
90 dB
124 dB
120 dB
110 dB
125 dB
125 dB
124 dB
For further information regarding noise calculations, see “Minimization of Noise
in Op Amp Applications,” Application Note AN-15.
100
50
1
TOTAL NOISE – nV/ Hz
2
1 RS
e.g. RS
2 RS
e.g. RS
OP27/37
UNMATCHED
= R S1 = 10k, R S2 = 0
MATCHED
= 10k, R S1 = R S2 = 5k
RS1
REGISTER
NOISE ONLY
RS2
10k
500
1k
5k
RS – SOURCE RESISTANCE – 50k
Figure 6. 10 Hz Noise vs. Source Resistance (Includes
Resistor Noise)
AUDIO APPLICATIONS
The following applications information has been abstracted
from a PMI article in the 12/20/80 issue of Electronic Design magazine and updated.
REV. A
C2
0.01F
Figure 7.
The OP27 brings a 3.2 nV/√Hz voltage noise and 0.45 pA/√Hz
current noise to this circuit. To minimize noise from other
sources, R3 is set to a value of 100 Ω, which generates a voltage
noise of 1.3 nV/√Hz. The noise increases the 3.2 nV/√Hz of the
amplifier by only 0.7 dB. With a 1 kΩ source, the circuit noise
measures 63 dB below a 1 mV reference level, unweighted, in a
20 kHz noise bandwidth.

R1 
G = 0.101 1 +


R3 
5534
100
OUTPUT
C1
0.03F
G = 1kHz GAIN
R1
= 0.101 ( 1 +
)
R3
= 98.677 (39.9dB) AS SHOWN
OP07
5
1
50
R4
75k
IN
Gain (G) of the circuit at 1 kHz can be calculated by the
expression:
OP08/108
10
LF ROLLOFF
OUT
R3
100
Open-Loop Gain
Frequency at
R5
100k
For the values shown, the gain is just under 100 (or 40 dB).
Lower gains can be accommodated by increasing R3, but gains
higher than 40 dB will show more equalization errors because of
the 8 MHz gain-bandwidth of the OP27.
This circuit is capable of very low distortion over its entire range,
generally below 0.01% at levels up to 7 V rms. At 3 V output
levels, it will produce less than 0.03% total harmonic distortion
at frequencies up to 20 kHz.
Capacitor C3 and resistor R4 form a simple –6 dB-per-octave
rumble filter, with a corner at 22 Hz. As an option, the switchselected shunt capacitor C4, a nonpolarized electrolytic, bypasses
the low-frequency rolloff. Placing the rumble filter’s high-pass
action after the preamp has the desirable result of discriminating
–13–
OP27
noise. The rms sum of these predominant noise sources will be
about 6 nV/√Hz, equivalent to 0.9 µV in a 20 kHz noise bandwidth, or nearly 61 dB below a 1 mV input signal. Measurements
confirm this predicted performance.
against the RlAA-amplified low-frequency noise components and
pickup-produced low-frequency disturbances.
A preamplifier for NAB tape playback is similar to an RIAA
phono preamp, though more gain is typically demanded, along
with equalization requiring a heavy low-frequency boost. The
circuit in Figure 7 can be readily modified for tape use, as shown
by Figure 8.
Ra
Ca
R3
316k
C1
5F
R6
100
–
–
TAPE
HEAD
R1
1k
LOW IMPEDANCE
MICROPHONE INPUT
(Z = 50 TO 200 )
0.47F
OP27
+
R1
33k
R2
5k
OP27/
Rp
30k OP37
R7
10k
OUTPUT
+
15k
R2
1k
R3 = R4
R1 R2
R4
316k
0.01F
100k
Figure 9.
T1 = 3180s
T2 = 50s
Figure 8.
While the tape-equalization requirement has a flat high-frequency
gain above 3 kHz (T2 = 50 µs), the amplifier need not be stabilized
for unity gain. The decompensated OP37 provides a greater
bandwidth and slew rate. For many applications, the idealized
time constants shown may require trimming of R1 and R2 to
optimize frequency response for nonideal tapehead performance
and other factors.5
For applications demanding appreciably lower noise, a high
quality microphone transformer-coupled preamp (Figure 10)
incorporates the internally compensated OP27. T1 is a JE-115K-E
150 Ω/15 kΩ transformer which provides an optimum source
resistance for the OP27 device. The circuit has an overall gain of
40 dB, the product of the transformer’s voltage setup and the op
amp’s voltage gain.
C2
1800pF
R1
121
The network values of the configuration yield a 50 dB gain at
1 kHz, and the dc gain is greater than 70 dB. Thus, the worst-case
output offset is just over 500 mV. A single 0.47 µF output capacitor can block this level without affecting the dynamic range.
R2
1100
A1
OP27
T1*
The tapehead can be coupled directly to the amplifier input,
since the worst-case bias current of 80 nA with a 400 mH, 100
µ inch head (such as the PRB2H7K) will not be troublesome.
150
SOURCE
R3
100
OUTPUT
* T1 – JENSEN JE – 115K – E
JENSEN TRANSFORMERS
10735 BURBANK BLVD.
N. HOLLYWOOD, CA 91601
One potential tapehead problem is presented by amplifier biascurrent transients which can magnetize a head. The OP27 and
OP37 are free of bias-current transients upon power-up or powerdown. However, it is always advantageous to control the speed
of power supply rise and fall, to eliminate transients.
Figure 10.
Gain may be trimmed to other levels, if desired, by adjusting R2
or R1. Because of the low offset voltage of the OP27, the output
offset of this circuit will be very low, 1.7 mV or less, for a 40 dB
gain. The typical output blocking capacitor can be eliminated in
such cases, but is desirable for higher gains to eliminate switching transients.
In addition, the dc resistance of the head should be carefully
controlled, and preferably below 1 kS2. For this configuration,
the bias-current-induced offset voltage can be greater than the
100pV maximum offset if the head resistance is not sufficiently
controlled.
+18V
A simple, but effective, fixed-gain transformerless microphone
preamp ( Figure 9) amplifies differential signals from low impedance microphones by 50 dB, and has an input impedance of 2 kΩ.
Because of the high working gain of the circuit, an OP37 helps
to preserve bandwidth, which will be 110 kHz. As the OP37
is a decompensated device (minimum stable gain of 5), a dummy
resistor, Rp, may be necessary, if the microphone is to be
unplugged. Otherwise the 100% feedback from the open input
may cause the amplifier to oscillate.
OP27
–18V
Figure 11. Burn-In Circuit
Common-mode input-noise rejection will depend upon the
match of the bridge-resistor ratios. Either close-tolerance (0.1%)
types should be used, or R4 should be trimmed for best CMRR.
All resistors should be metal film types for best stability and
low noise.
Noise performance of this circuit is limited more by the input
resistors R1 and R2 than by the op amp, as R1 and R2 each generate a 4 nV/√Hz noise, while the op amp generates a 3.2 nV/√Hz
Capacitor C2 and resistor R2 form a 2 µs time constant in this
circuit, as recommended for optimum transient response by the
transformer manufacturer. With C2 in use, A1 must have unitygain stability. For situations where the 2 µs time constant is not
necessary, C2 can be deleted, allowing the faster OP37 to be
employed.
–14–
REV. A
OP27
Some comment on noise is appropriate to understand the
capability of this circuit. A 150 Ω resistor and R1 and R2
gain resistors connected to a noiseless amplifier will generate
220 nV of noise in a 20 kHz bandwidth, or 73 dB below a 1 mV
reference level. Any practical amplifier can only approach this noise
level; it can never exceed it. With the OP27 and T1 specified, the
additional noise degradation will be close to 3.6 dB (or –69.5 referenced to 1 mV).
V+
OP27
1. Lipshitz, S.R, “On RIAA Equalization Networks,” JAES,
Vol. 27, June 1979, p. 458–481.
2. Jung, W.G., IC Op Amp Cookbook, 2nd. Ed., H.W. Sams and
Company, 1980.
3. Jung, W.G., Audio IC Op Amp Applications, 2nd. Ed., H.W.
Sams and Company, 1978.
4. Jung, W.G., and Marsh, R.M., “Picking Capacitors,” Audio,
February and March, 1980.
RP
10k
INPUT
References
5. Otala, M., “Feedback-Generated Phase Nonlinearity in
Audio Amplifiers,” London AES Convention, March 1980,
preprint 1976.
OUTPUT
6. Stout, D.F., and Kautman, M., Handbook of Operational
Amplifier Circuit Design, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1976.
V–
Figure 12. Offset Nulling Circuit
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).
8-Lead PDIP Package (P-Suffix)
8-Lead SOIC Package (S-Suffix)
(N-8)
(R-8)
0.430 (10.92)
0.348 (8.84)
8
5
0.280 (7.11)
0.240 (6.10)
0.1574 (4.00)
0.1497 (3.80)
4
1
PIN 1
0.1968 (5.00)
0.1890 (4.80)
0.325 (8.25)
0.300 (7.62)
0.100 (2.54)
BSC
0.060 (1.52)
0.015 (0.38)
0.210
(5.33)
MAX
4
0.2440 (6.20)
0.2284 (5.80)
0.0196 (0.50)
45
0.0099 (0.25)
0.0098 (0.25)
0.0040 (0.10)
SEATING
PLANE
0.015 (0.381)
0.008 (0.204)
0.0688 (1.75)
0.0532 (1.35)
8
0.0500 (1.27)
0.0098 (0.25) 0
0.0160 (0.41)
0.0075 (0.19)
0.0192 (0.49)
0.0138 (0.35)
8-Lead CERDIP Package (Z-Suffix)
8-Pin (TO-99) Header Package (J-Suffix)
(Q-8)
(H-8A)
0.005 (0.13)
MIN
8
0.055 (1.4)
MAX
0.185 (4.70)
0.165 (4.19)
5
0.310 (7.87)
0.220 (5.59)
PIN 1
0.200 (5.08)
MAX
0.200 (5.08)
0.125 (3.18)
0.250 (6.35) MIN 0.100 (2.54) BSC
0.160 (4.06)
0.110 (2.79)
5
4
0.320 (8.13)
0.290 (7.37)
0.060 (1.52)
0.015 (0.38)
0.150
(3.81)
MIN
SEATING
0.023 (0.58) 0.070 (1.78) PLANE
0.014 (0.36) 0.030 (0.76)
0.040 (1.02) MAX
15
0
4
0.370 (9.40)
0.335 (8.51)
0.335 (8.51)
0.305 (7.75)
1
REFERENCE PLANE
0.750 (19.05)
0.500 (12.70)
0.050 (1.27) MAX
0.100 (2.54)
BSC
0.405 (10.29) MAX
REV. A
1
0.0500 (1.27)
BSC
0.195 (4.95)
0.115 (2.93)
0.022 (0.558) 0.070 (1.77) SEATING
0.014 (0.356) 0.045 (1.15) PLANE
5
PIN 1
0.130
(3.30)
MIN
0.160 (4.06)
0.115 (2.93)
8
0.045 (1.14)
0.010 (0.25)
0.015 (0.38)
0.008 (0.20)
–15–
0.200
(5.08)
BSC
6
3
7
2
0.019 (0.48)
0.016 (0.41)
0.100
(2.54)
BSC
0.021 (0.53)
0.016 (0.41)
BASE & SEATING PLANE
0.045 (1.14)
0.027 (0.69)
8
1
0.034 (0.86)
0.027 (0.69)
45 BSC
Revision History
Location
Page
9/01—Data Sheet changed from REV. 0 to REV. A.
Edits to PIN CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Edits to ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Edits to PACKAGE TYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Edits to ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 3
Edits to WAFER TEST LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
C00317–0–1/02(A)
Edits to ORDERING INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Deleted TYPICAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Edits to BURN-IN CIRCUIT figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
Edits to APPLICATION INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
–16–