1/1999 Draft 1.4 ª EXCIMER USERÕS MANUAL Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board Motorola RISC Applications [email protected] This document describes operation of the Excimer PowerPC 603eª evaluation board manufactured by Motorola. Excimer is an implementation of a minimal PowerPC design as described in the application note AN1769D, ÒDesigning a Minimal PowerPCª SystemÓ. This UserÕs Manual is a very dynamic document which will be updated frequently with Motorola enhancements and customer feedback. Updates are available on our website: http://www.mot.com/SPS/PowerPC/teksupport/teklibrary/index.html The instructions in this manual are speciÞc to a particular revision of the components in the Excimer kit. The revisions in effect at this writing are shown in Table 1. This document contains information on a new product under development by Motorola. Motorola reserves the right to change or discontinue this product without notice. © Motorola, Inc., 1999. All rights reserved. Table 1. Excimer Kit Component Revisions Addressed in this Document Component Revision Date (if applicable) Excimer Board (part no PPCEVAL-EXCM3) X3 DINK32 UserÕs Guide Ver 9.0 Rev 5.0 Sep 1998 DINK32 Software Ver 10.0 Rev 5.0 Dec 1998 Macraigor OCD Interface This document contains the following topics: Topic Page Part 1, ÒIntroductionÓ Part 2, ÒGetting StartedÓ Part 3, ÒProgrammingÓ Part 2, ÒDebuggingÓ Part 2, ÒDownloading a DINK UpgradeÓ Part 3, ÒExcimer Memory MapÓ Part 4, ÒDINK Memory MapÓ Part 5, ÒUsing the Expansion ConnectorÓ Part 6, ÒFrequency ControlÓ Part 7, ÒSummaryÓ Appendix A, ÒTroubleshootingÓ 2 4 5 6 8 10 11 12 12 14 15 Part 1 Introduction The Excimer board is meant to be a low cost evaluation board to show a minimal PowerPC system design. Possible uses for the EXCIMER include: ¥ PowerPC architecture learning tool ¥ PowerPC assembly language learning tool ¥ Embedded C programming learning tool ¥ University laboratory tool ¥ Running small benchmarks to investigate performance ¥ Proof of concept for system design-in 1.1 Features The EXCIMER board has the following features: 2 ¥ 1 MByte of RAM (only 512KB on rev X2) ¥ 4 Mbytes of FLASHROM ¥ 2 serial ports ¥ PowerPC 603e microprocessor Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board MOTOROLA ¥ Berg connector I/O interface ¥ COP connector The EXCIMER block diagram is shown in Figure 1. COP (optional) Processor Motorola MPC603r Memory Controller Main Memory Start-up Code 1MB RAM Serial Ports 16550 UART 4MB TS* I/O Port Buffer FLASHROM Berg Connector User Interface Figure 1. Excimer Minimal System Board 1.2 Excimer Kit In addition to the EXCIMER board the EXCIMER kit contains the following: ¥ One power supply ¥ One serial null modem cable ¥ One parallel cable ¥ One Macraigor Systems Inc. Wigglerª ¥ Several demonstration copies of C compilers/debuggers on CDROM ¥ PowerPC documentation CD ¥ EXCIMER UserÕs Manual (this document) ¥ DINK UserÕs Manual 1.3 Physical Layout Figure 2 shows the physical layout of the Excimer board with several important features labeled. MOTOROLA Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board 3 RESET BUTTON RST RPak RPak RS232 RS232 FPGA In-Circuit Program 2.5 V Heat Sink PowerPC PC16552 603e Ô904 21MHz BUF 66MHz OSC SRAM FLASH FLASH FLASH FLASH HOT! 3.3V Heat Sink ROM RAM I/O POWER CORE I/O STAT ERR SRAM CAUTION! LT1584 ERROR STATUS 3.3V 2.5V I/O RAM ROM CONNECTOR LT1584 Mem Ctrl LEDS JTAG/COP POWER RS232 Serial 2 BGA SOCKET CLEARANCE Berg Expansion Connector RS232 Serial 1 Figure 2. Excimer Minimal System Board Part 2 Getting Started To begin using the Excimer evaluation board, 1. Connect one end of the serial null modem cable to the boardÕs serial port 1 and the other end to COM1 on the PC. 2. Launch a terminal emulator program such as Smartcom or HyperTerminal on the PC. ConÞgure for: Ñ 9600 baud Ñ 8 data bits Ñ no parity Ñ 1 stop bit Ñ hardware ßow control (RTS/CTS) Ñ VT100 emulation 3. Connect the parallel cable between the parallel port on the PC and the Wiggler interface board. 4. Connect the twenty pin ribbon cable on the Wiggler to the JTAG/COP header on Excimer. CAUTION: Get the orientation correct! Pin 1 on the cable has a red stripe; Pin 1 on the JTAG connector is labeled. While the connector is designed to be keyed, the cables rarely are. NOTE: The JTAG connectorÕs pin 1 will be rotated 180 degrees from revision X2 to revision X3 to better 4 Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board MOTOROLA accommodate the cable routing. 5. Choose the appropriate international AC power connection (if provided) and plug the power supply into the AC power source. 6. Connect the power supply to the power connector on the board. 7. The EXCIMER will run a POST (power on self test) which will turn off the status and error LEDs. A hardware failure will cause one or both LEDs to stay on. If this occurs refer to Appendix A, ÒTroubleshooting.Ó 8. After successfully completing POST, Excimer will begin executing code from the reset vector at 0xFFF00100. The code executed will copy the contents of ROM into RAM and begin executing MDINK, the minimal version of MotorolaÕs Diagnostic Nano-Kernel (DINK). The user should see an MDINK banner and prompt on the terminal emulator screen. MDINK_603e >> 9. The user now has a short interval to halt the boot process and remain in MDINK by hitting any key. From MDINK, you can download upgrades to DINK available from MotorolaÕs website or other software in s-record format. 10. If the user does not intervene in the boot process by hitting a key, Excimer will proceed to branch to DINK32 and present another banner and the DINK32 prompt on the terminal emulator screen. DINK32_603e >> 11. The DINK32 monitor is now available to accept commands. Type in ÔhelpÕ. This will show you a list of DINK commands. Help will further explain a command if you type help and a command name. For example Ôhelp mmÕ will explain the use of the memory modify command. For more information on DINK consult the DINK UserÕs Manual. Part 3 Programming To write a C program for Excimer you will need an editor, a compiler, and a linker that will generate Motorola format s-records. Several vendors have offered to provide limited capability, demonstration versions of their compilers and linkers to be distributed with Excimer. Follow the manufacturerÕs directions for installing the demo software on your PC. The following example assumes you have installed MetawareÕs High C/C++ PowerPC Embedded Development Toolset. The Limited Evaluation Version 3.1 of this program will operate indeÞnitely (no limit to the demonstration period) but allows only 256 variable declarations and 256 function declarations. Also, it will only link up to 12 Þles and the resulting executable must be less than 156KB. These limitations prevent it from building DINK or any large projects but still allow it to be very useful for a minimal evaluation board like Excimer. 1.1 An Example Program To compile and download a simple program, type the following program into any text editor, e.g. NotePad or WordPad on the PC: /* example routine to turn on STATUS LED */ void main(void) MOTOROLA Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board 5 { *(char *) (0x40200000) = 0x04; /* turn status led on */ } Save the Þle as ledon.c as a text Þle. (Many text editors save in their own format with extra formatting characters that will cause the compile to fail.) Also, text editors like WordPad in Windows will append a .txt to the Þlename which must be removed before passing to the compiler. Assuming you have installed a Metaware compiler on your PC type the following in a DOS window. hcppc -Hppc603 -c ledon.c To load the program and get a downloadable s-record Þle type the following in the DOS window. ldppc -B start_addr=0x70000 -xm ledon.o A Þle named Ôa.hexÕ Þle will be generated and this Þle will be the one to download to Excimer. In the Excimer terminal window, at the DINK32 prompt type the following: dl -k <return> This is the DINK download command that takes the s-record Þle and loads it into RAM on the EXCIMER board. Downloading to DINK is equivalent to typing entries into the keyboard. In fact, text Þles of keystrokes or DINK commands can be downloaded as easily as s-records. The terminal emulation program will provide an autotype function that permits the user to select the a.hex s-record Þle previously generated and download it through the serial into Excimer. The DINK32 prompt returns when the download is complete. Now we can type the ÔgoÕ command to run the program to turn the led on. go 70000 The Status LED on Excimer is controlled by the OUT 2 signal of the Serial 1 UART (National Semiconductor PC1655D Dual Universal Asynchronous Reciever/Transmitter). It will turn on when this program writes a one to bit 3 (bit 0 is the LSB) of the MODEM Control Register at address 0x40200000 of Excimer. It will remain on until disabled by another program you write, compile, link and download or until the Excimer board is reset. If the LED does not go out, the debug capabilities of Excimer and the Wiggler can be used to debug your program. Part 2 Debugging Debug on Excimer is supported with the following capabilities in DINK: ¥ Assembly and disassembly of PowerPC instructions ¥ Display and modiÞcation of registers ¥ Display, modiÞcation and movement of system memory ¥ Singlestep and continued execution from a speciÞc address ¥ Display, setting, removal of instruction breakpoints DINK is an example of a ROM-resident debugger. It resides in ROM and is copied down to RAM for execution. ROM resident debuggers are often criticized because: 6 Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board MOTOROLA ¥ They take up space in the target system memory ¥ They have to change (save and restore) the context of the userÕs application to run ¥ They are ineffective at debugging boot code that initializes the hardware or ROM resident debugger ¥ They often cannot set breakpoints in ROM PowerPC microprocessors provide on-chip debugging logic to overcome some of these deÞciencies and provide other capability without storing code in memory or having to save and restore the state of the UserÕs program. SpeciÞcally, the PowerPC on-chip debugging support includes: ¥ Run control - the ability to halt, single step, resume execution , or go to a speciÞc address and begin execution. ¥ Display and modiÞcation of registers and processor resources ¥ Display, modify and download to memory (possibly including on chip memory like cache and/or TLBs) ¥ Display, setting, removal of instruction breakpoints in hardware This capability is accessed by sending commands to the common on-chip processor (COP) through the JTAG (Joint Test Advision Group or IEEE1149.1 standard) interface. A connector is provided to access this on Excimer and numerous third parties provide software and hardware to take advantage of it while debugging code. The Excimer kit includes an inexpensive Wiggler JTAG/COP interface from Macraigor Systems, Inc. 1.1 The Wiggler The Wiggler from Macraigor Systems is an inexpensive JTAG/COP interface for run control and debug of the PowerPC Microprocessor though the parallel port of the PC. It translates software commands from various debugger vendors such as Cygnus, Green Hills, Metaware, Metrowerks, Microtec, Motorola, SDS, Tasking, and Wind River that utilize MacraigorÕs On-Chip Debug (OCD) Application Programming Interface (API). The Wiggler supports various Motorola microprocessors including CPU32, MPC5xx, MPC6xx, MPC7xx, MPC8xx, etc. Macraigor provides several different but compatible products that perform this function at increasing levels of performance, functionality, and cost. The Wiggler is the least expensive, simplest device and provides an appropriate level of performance and capability for an inexpensive evaluation kit like Excimer, but for more serious software and hardware development the user may be interested in higher capability JTAG/COP interface tools from Macraigor or other vendors. The third party debugger solutions provided by developers in the Excimer kit may utilize the Wiggler interface. Check their documentation. Macraigor Systems provides a software application that tests and exercises the Wiggler and that can be used to control the processor, examine registers or memory, download code, etc. The Macraigor application is included in the Excimer kit and instructions for loading it onto WindowsNT or Windows95 are described in Section 1.2, ÒInstalling the Wiggler Software.Ó 1.2 Installing the Wiggler Software To install Wiggler on Windows NT: 1. Log on as administrator. 2. Copy the file setupex.exe to a temporary directory. MOTOROLA Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board 7 3. Execute setupex.exe 4. Reboot the machine when the setup procedure is complete. 5. Log on as user (or remain as administrator). To install Wiggler on Windows95: 1. No administrator activities are necessary. 2. Perform steps 2-5 above. To use the wiggler on either NT or Windows95. 1. Connect the parallel port cable from the PC parallel port to the wiggler. 2. Connect the ribbon cable to the JTAG/COP header. (See caution above regarding Pin1.) 3. Copy the Þle, a:\wiggler\raysÞles\Wiggler.exe to your local directory. 4. Copy the Þles, a:\wiggler\cop_debugger\* (i.e. all the Þles) to your local directory. 5. Using a command prompt window, execute Ocd_cmdt.exe. This is a more thorough test. 6. After using this test, terminate the test. 1.2.1 Using the Wiggler Software for Debug Launch the Wiggler application. A window will appear with pull-down menus and control buttons to halt or reset the processor. A button displays the general purpose register (GPR) contents. A button allows the user to specify an address to Ògo toÓ and begin execution. A help command describes additional functionality. While this debugger is very basic, it is also very powerful and has several advanced capabilities, including icache and dcache display and modiÞcation and high-speed code download. Part 2 Downloading a DINK Upgrade DINK32 as supplied on the Excimer board is available from MotorolaÕs website in source or s-record format. While not ofÞcially supported, DINK32 serves as an application note of example PowerPC code. It is often enhanced with new functionality, support for new microprocessors or reference designs, and bug Þxes. There may be enhancements or bug Þxes after you have received your Excimer kit. Excimer can be easily upgraded by downloading the latest DINK32 as s-records into FLASHROM. The following paragraphs contain detailed instructions for downloading a new DINK32 using SmartCom and HyperTerminal. To prepare to download: 1. Obtain the latest DINK32.src code from MotorolaÕs website. (Or download the source Þles and build your own.) 2. Reset Excimer and strike any key to interrupt the booting of DINK32 while in MDINK. To download a new DINK32 from MDINK using SmartCom: 1. Put the ßash into a cleared state by typing "fw -e" at the MDINK prompt. This will cause the ßash to be erased and a new copy of MDINK will be copied from RAM (at 0x00000000) to the ßash ROM (0xfff00000). WARNING: In X2 revision Excimer boards, the sector in FLASHROM where MDINK is stored is eraseable! Typing "fw -e" from the DINK32 prompt instead of MDINK will erase all of FLASHROM and the board will be inoperable at the next reset. Should such an unfortunate event occur, MDINK will have to be reloaded into ßash through the JTAG port (probably in MotorolaÕs Apps Lab). 8 Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board MOTOROLA Revision X3 will have the hardware capability to protect the sector where MDINK resides and should be less vulnerable to unintentional erasure. WARNING: The Òfw -eÓ command takes a few minutes to execute. Do not power off the board or attempt to stop the Òfw -eÓ command once it has begun. Since this command clears the ßash and reloads MDINK, stopping the command will cause only a partial image of MDINK to be reloaded to ROM. Next time the board is reset, it will not function correctly. 2. DINK32 is a large Þle. Transfer time at 9600 baud will be lengthy. DINK allows the user to reset the baud rate to baud rates up to 57600. Check your terminal emulation package for the fastest rate supported. For example, if the fastest rate supported by your terminal emulation software is 57600, set the baud rate to 57600 by typing "sb -k 57600" in MDINK. 3. In the terminal emulator, change the baud rate to the new 57600 as well. Under Settings | Speed & Format, choose 57600 as the baud rate. Click OK in the dialog box and hit <return> in MDINK. 4. Change the autotype protocol so that there is no delay. Do this by selecting Settings | Autotype Protocol | Protocol Settings. In the space for "Delay", enter a 0 and click OK. 5. Disconnect communication from the board by pressing the telephone icon. 6. Under Connection | Choose Port | Flow Control, select the RTS/CTS option and click OK. 7. Reconnect to the board by pressing the telephone icon again. 8. Press <return> in MDINK. 9. Download the new dink32.src Þle: Ñ Type "dl -ß -o ffc00000" at the MDINK prompt. Ñ Hit the autotype icon in Smartcom. Use the directory tree to select the Þle to download and press the OK button. Ñ The MDINK prompt returns when the download is complete. CAUTION: If communication or power is lost during this process, DINK32 in FLASHROM will be corrupted. If you can reset and get back to the MDINK prompt, be sure to start over at step one. 10. Set the baud rate in Smartcom back to 9600 (DINK defaults to 9600 baud). Choose 9600 in the baud rate Þeld under "Settings | Speed & Format " and click OK. 11. Reset the board by pressing the reset button. MDINK will boot up and will branch to the DINK32 that was just downloaded. 12. If you wish to stop the download in step 10 after it has begun, type "S9" and hit <return>. 13. To return to MDINK from DINK32, type "go fff00100". MDINK will start again. 14. Steps 4 and 5 do not need to be repeated after the Þrst time unless they are modiÞed or the terminal emulation application is restarted. To download a new DINK32 from MDINK using HyperTerminal: 1. Put the ßash into a cleared state by typing "fw -e" at the MDINK prompt. This will cause the ßash to be erased and a new copy of MDINK will be copied from RAM (at 0x00000000) to the ßash ROM (0xfff00000). WARNING: In X2 revision Excimer boards, the sector in FLASHROM where MDINK is stored is eraseable! Typing "fw -e" from the DINK32 prompt instead of MDINK will erase all of FLASHROM and the board will be inoperable at the next reset. Should such an unfortunate event occur, MDINK will have to be reloaded into ßash through the JTAG port (probably in MotorolaÕs Apps Lab). MOTOROLA Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board 9 Revision X3 will have the hardware capability to protect the sector where MDINK resides and should be less vulnerable to unintentional erasure. WARNING: The Òfw -eÓ command takes a few minutes to execute. Do not power off the board or attempt to stop the Òfw -eÓ command once it has begun. Since this command clears the ßash and reloads MDINK, stopping the command will cause only a partial image of MDINK to be reloaded to ROM. Next time the board is reset, it will not function correctly. 2. DINK32 is a large Þle. Transfer time at 9600 baud will be lengthy. DINK allows the user to reset the baud rate to baud rates up to 57600. Check your terminal emulation package for the fastest rate supported. For example, if the fastest rate supported by your terminal emulation software is 57600, set the baud rate to 57600 by typing "sb -k 57600" in MDINK. 3. Disconnect from the board by choosing Call | Disconnect. 4. Change the baud rate in HyperTerminal. Select File | Properties | ConÞgure | Connect To and change the baud rate to 57600 in the space provided. 5. Reconnect to the board by selecting Call | Connect 6. Hit <return> in MDINK. You should return to the prompt. 7. Download the new dink32.src Þle: Ñ Type "dl -ß -o ffc00000" at the MDINK prompt. Ñ In HyperTerminal, select Transfer | Send Text File. Fill in the path to your DINK32 s-record in the space provided and press <return>. The Þle download should begin. If your computer locks up at this point, you will have to exit HyperTerminal, reset the board, and start over. At this point, only MDINK remains in the ßash since the DINK32 image has been at least partially overwritten by the aborted dl attempt. You will have to perform this entire process again. Ñ The MDINK prompt returns when the download is complete. CAUTION: If communication or power is lost during this process, DINK32 in FLASHROM will be corrupted. If you can reset and get back to the MDINK prompt, be sure to start over at step one. 8. Disconnect again by selecting Call | Disconnect. 9. Change the baud rate in HyperTerminal back to 9600 under File | Properties | ConÞgure | Connect To and entering 9600 in the appropriate Þeld. 10. Reset the board by pressing the reset button. MDINK will boot up and will branch to the DINK32 that was just downloaded. Part 3 Excimer Memory Map The EXCIMER memory map is shown in Table 2. Due to the partial hardware decode used on this simple design, unimplemented addresses generate no error signal and are aliased at multiple positions within the address range. The suggested address columns in Table 2 represent the address that DINK uses to address this function. 10 Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board MOTOROLA Table 2: Excimer Hardware Memory Map Suggeste d Start Suggested End Address Start Address End 0000 0000 00FF FFFF (007F FFFF in rev X2) 0000 0000 3FFF FFFF 4000 0000 4000 0000 4000 0000 4000 FFF0 4008 0000 4008 0000 4008 0000 4008 FFF0 Interrupt enable 4010 0000 4010 0000 4010 0000 4010 FFF0 FIFO control 4018 0000 4018 0000 4018 0000 4018 FFF0 Line control 4020 0000 4020 0000 4020 0000 4020 FFF0 Status LED (Modem control) 4028 0000 4028 0000 4028 0000 4028 FFF0 Line status 4030 0000 4030 0000 4030 0000 4030 FFF0 Modem status 4038 0000 4038 0000 4038 0000 4038 FFF0 Scratch 4040 0000 4040 0000 4040 0000 4040 FFF0 4048 0000 4048 0000 4048 0000 4048 FFF0 Interrupt enable 4050 0000 4050 0000 4050 0000 4050 FFF0 FIFO control 4058 0000 4058 0000 4058 0000 4058 FFF0 Line control 4060 0000 4060 0000 4060 0000 4060 FFF0 Error LED (Modem control ) 4068 0000 4068 0000 4068 0000 4068 FFF0 Line status 4070 0000 4070 0000 4070 0000 4070 FFF0 Modem status 4078 0000 4078 0000 4078 0000 4078 FFF0 Scratch 4079 0000 7FFF FFFF Unused 8000 0000 BFFF FFFF 8000 0000 BFFF FFFF User/expansion I/O (XCS1) FF80 0000 C000 0000 FFFF FFFF (1 read only), 2, 4, 8 bytes FFFF FFFF R/W Size 1, 2, 4, 8 byte, burst 1, 2, 4, 8 byte Device 1MB of Static RAM COM2 COM1 Data register Data register Flash Part 4 DINK Memory Map The hardware memory map shown in Table 2 is useful for programming input/output functions. For example, controlling the status LED in the coding example of section 1.1 on page 5 required knowledge of where the Serial One UART Control register could be addressed in the memory space. Equally important is the knowledge of where the user can download code without overwriting DINK or where functions or variables in DINK that are useful to the programmer are stored within memory. Unlike the physical hardware of the UART addresses, the addresses DINK assigns to functions or variables may change with each compilation and link of DINK. The linker can be conÞgure to generate a Þle which cross-references the symbol name of functions and global variables with their assigned physical address. A copy of this Þle name xref.txt is generally provided by Motorola with the s-record Þle for a new build of DINK. As an example, Table 3 provides some key addresses combed from the xref.txt for DINK32 version 10.3. MOTOROLA Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board 11 Table 3: DINK Memory Map Use Start End .text (program code) 0x00000000 0x00002bcb .data 0x00024bd0 0x0003c192 .bss 0x0003c194 0x00041f1b Stack 0x000f1f20 0x0005fffff Reserved memory for DINK 0x00060000 0x0006fffff Memory for User programs 0x00070000 0x000ffffff Part 5 Using the Expansion Connector Excimer provides a very limited expansion capability for input/output . The Berg connector on the board is an expansion connector that pins out the processor or FPGA signals shown in Table 1. See the Excimer schematics or the Minimal PowerPC System application note to understand this interface. Table 4: Expansion Connector Pin Signal Name Function 1, 2, 3 Vcc 3.3 Power 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 16, 18 XD(0), XD(1), XD(2), XD(3), XD(4), XD(5), XD(6), XD(7) Buffered Data Bus 5, 7, 9 Vcc 5.0 Power 11, 13, 15, 17 A(25), A(26), A(27), A(28) Address Lines 19, 21, 23 NC No Connect 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 XF(0), XF(1), XF(2), XF(3), XF(4), XF(5), XF(6), XF(7) Unused Pins of FPGA 36, 37, 38, 40 GND Ground 39 XCLK 66MHz Bus Clock 25 IRQ3* Interrupt 3 27 IRQ2* Interrupt 2 29 RESET* Reset 31 XOE* ROE Output Enable 33 XCS1* 0x8000000 0xBFFFFFF Chip Enable 35 BWE* Byte Write Enable Part 6 Frequency Control Motorola reserves the right to ship several different frequencies of PowerPC 603e processor on the Excimer board (Excimer often utilizes excess inventory). Consult the PowerPC 603e Hardware SpeciÞcation on our 12 Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board MOTOROLA website and your local Motorola sales ofÞce for more information on the range of frequencies that the 603e will operate at. The maximum frequency of operation under the full spec recommended temperature and voltage ranges is encoded in the part number on the top of the part. This number might be 233MHz or 266MHz or 300MHz (always integer or half integer multiples of the 66MHz Excimer clock speed). The part can be operated slower than this, to reduce power or for other reasons, as documented in the hardware speciÞcation. While operation above the maximum frequency or below the minimum frequency for the particular part is not recommended, the frequency can be changed via the PLL_CFG jumpers on the Excimer board. If the PLL_CFG on Excimer is conÞgured for a frequency outside of the recommended frequency range for the processor installed, program execution may fail or be unreliable. The PLL_CFG jumper settings for Excimer are shown in Table 5. WARNING: The PLL_CFG jumpers should never be changed while power is applied to the processor. CAUTION: The microprocessor, linear regulator, and heat sink area of the board (See Figure 2) can get very hot when the microprocessor is operated at high frequency (temperature at 300MHz is approximately 90¡C/195¡F) . When used for normal code development, 133MHz provides adequate performance and will reduce the danger of injury (temperature approximately 66¡C/150¡F) if this area of the board is inadvertently touched. If running above 133MHz, moving air from a nearby fan will assist in cooling the components; a clip-on heatsink for the microprocessor will further reduce the microprocessorÕs temperature. Table 5. Excimer Frequency (PLL_CFG jumper ) Settings Jumper Position (seen as pin1 pin2 pin3) CPU Frequency in MHz (VCO Frequency in MHz) PLL_CFG[0Ð3] Vdd CFG MOTOROLA Bus-toCore Multiplier Core-to VCO Multiplier Bus 66.67 MHz Comment 0 1 2 3 0100 2x 2x 133 Part may not work here because of VCO limitation. 0 1 2 3 0101 2x 4x 133 Should work here because VCO is 4x the core frequency. 0 1 2 3 0110 2.5x 2x 166 0 1 2 3 1000 3x 2x 200 0 1 2 3 1110 3.5x 2x 233 0 1 2 3 1010 4x 2x 266 Check max processor frequency 0 1 2 3 0111 4.5x 2x 300 Check max processor frequency Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board 13 Table 5. Excimer Frequency (PLL_CFG jumper ) Settings Jumper Position (seen as pin1 pin2 pin3) CPU Frequency in MHz (VCO Frequency in MHz) PLL_CFG[0Ð3] Vdd CFG Bus-toCore Multiplier Core-to VCO Multiplier Bus 66.67 MHz Comment 0 1 2 3 1011 5x 2x 333 Not recommended 0 1 2 3 1001 5.5x 2x 366 Not recommended 0 1 2 3 1101 6x 2x 400 Not recommended 0 1 2 3 0011 66 Not recommended 0 1 2 3 1111 PLL bypass Clock off Board will be inop Part 7 Summary The EXCIMER kit is a vehicle for exploring the PowerPC architecture and simple embedded software development. The kit is meant to be a low-cost example of a PowerPC design suitable for learning, teaching, or experimenting. Substantive applications that require large memory, PCI devices, or other advanced features should explore the Yellowknife platform also available from Motorola or evaluation systems from numerous third party vendors. 14 Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board MOTOROLA Appendix A Troubleshooting Table 6 provides some failure conditions and probable causes. Table 6. Failure Analysis Problem Symptom Nothing happens on the terminal after powerup. Possible Cause All LEDs Off 5V Supply Error, Status, ROM LEDs on ROM or RAM test failed Corrupted or no code in ROM PLL jumpers incorrect (too fast/slow) PLL in bypass (no jumpers installed) Power Supply Connection Faulty unplug and reconnect Wiggler hardware interference disconnect Wiggler and try again dl command ÒhangsÓ forever Error LED on, Status LED off Duart test failed DINK prompt never returns Corrupted s-records Baud rate too fast? S-Record downloads cause DINK error 0xfb00.. Autotyping results in Òunrecognized command or symbol error.Ó Bits lost in serial transmission. Add delay between lines in Autotype protocol settings on terminal emulator. Nothing happens on the terminal after go nnnnn command. ROM access LED ßashing Code has branched into ROM and is looping there. Push reset. SRAM access LED ßashing Code is in an inÞnite loop in RAM. Wiggler might halt the processor and provide the location of the currently executing instruction. No access LEDs ßashing Code is in an inÞnite loop in cache or processor has taken a machine check. Push reset. Code runs ÒslowÓ or SRAM access LED ßashes during cache-bound program. Caches disabled. Modify HID0 register to 0x8000c000 Data accesses are slow DCache marked Òcache inhibitedÓ for user code. Modify dbat1l register to 0x00000012. Physical contact with the board is painful. Processor is running Òtoo fastÓ for ambient cooling conditions. Reduce speed via PLL_CFG jumpers or cool with moving air. Performance less than expected Heat sink area or processor is Òtoo hotÓ to touch. MOTOROLA Minimal PowerPC 603e Evaluation Board 15 Mfax is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. The PowerPC name, the PowerPC logotype, and PowerPC 603e are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation used by Motorola under license from International Business Machines Corporation. Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use PowerPC microprocessors. There are no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate PowerPC integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this document. Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and speciÞcally disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. ÒTypicalÓ parameters can and do vary in different applications. All operating parameters, including ÒTypicalsÓ must be validated for each customer application by customerÕs technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its ofÞcers, employees, subsidiaries, afÞliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Motorola and are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity/AfÞrmative Action Employer. Motorola Literature Distribution Centers: USA/EUROPE: Motorola Literature Distribution; P.O. Box 5405; Denver, Colorado 80217; Tel.: 1-800-441-2447 or 1-303-675-2140; World Wide Web Address: http://ldc.nmd.com/ JAPAN: Nippon Motorola Ltd SPD, Strategic Planning OfÞce 4-32-1, Nishi-Gotanda Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan Tel.: 81-3-5487-8488 ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd Silicon Harbour Centre 2, Dai King Street Tai Po Industrial Estate Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong Mfaxª: [email protected]; TOUCHTONE 1-602-244-6609; US & Canada ONLY (800) 774-1848; World Wide Web Address: http://sps.motorola.com/mfax INTERNET: http://motorola.com/sps Technical Information: Motorola Inc. SPS Customer Support Center 1-800-521-6274; electronic mail address: [email protected]. Document Comments: FAX (512) 895-2638, Attn: RISC Applications Engineering. World Wide Web Addresses: http://www.motorola.com/PowerPC/ http://www.motorola.com/netcomm/