MAXIM MAX192BCWP

19-0247; Rev. 1; 4/97
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
The MAX192 is a low-cost, 10-bit data-acquisition system
that combines an 8-channel multiplexer, high-bandwidth
track/hold, and serial interface with high conversion
speed and ultra-low power consumption. The device
operates with a single +5V supply. The analog inputs are
software configurable for single-ended and differential
(unipolar/bipolar) operation.
The 4-wire serial interface connects directly to SPI™,
QSPI™, and Microwire™ devices, without using external
logic. A serial strobe output allows direct connection to
TMS320 family digital signal processors. The MAX192
uses either the internal clock or an external serialinterface clock to perform successive approximation A/D
conversions. The serial interface can operate beyond
4MHz when the internal clock is used. The MAX192 has
an internal 4.096V reference with a drift of ±30ppm typical. A reference-buffer amplifier simplifies gain trim and
two sub-LSBs reduce quantization errors.
The MAX192 provides a hardwired SHDN pin and two
software-selectable power-down modes. Accessing the
serial interface automatically powers up the device, and
the quick turn-on time allows the MAX192 to be shut
down between conversions. By powering down
between conversions, supply current can be cut to
under 10µA at reduced sampling rates.
The MAX192 is available in 20-pin DIP and SO packages, and in a shrink-small-outline package (SSOP)
that occupies 30% less area than an 8-pin DIP. The
data format provides hardware and software compatibility with the MAX186/MAX188. For anti-aliasing filters,
consult the data sheets for the MAX291–MAX297.
♦ 8-Channel Single-Ended or 4-Channel Differential
Inputs
♦ Single +5V Operation
♦ Low Power: 1.5mA (operating)
2µA (power-down)
♦ Internal Track/Hold, 133kHz Sampling Rate
♦ Internal 4.096V Reference
♦ 4-Wire Serial Interface is Compatible
with SPI, QSPI, Microwire, and TMS320
♦ 20-Pin DIP, SO, SSOP Packages
♦ Pin-Compatible 12-Bit Upgrade (MAX186/MAX188)
_______________Ordering Information
PART
TEMP. RANGE
MAX192ACPP
0°C to +70°C
PIN-PACKAGE INL (LSB)
20 Plastic DIP
±1/2
MAX192BCPP
MAX192ACWP
MAX192BCWP
MAX192ACAP
MAX192BCAP
MAX192AEPP
MAX192BEPP
MAX192AEWP
MAX192BEWP
MAX192AEAP
MAX192BEAP
MAX192AMJP
MAX192BMJP
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-55°C to +125°C
-55°C to +125°C
20 Plastic DIP
20 Wide SO
20 Wide SO
20 SSOP
20 SSOP
20 Plastic DIP
20 Plastic DIP
20 Wide SO
20 Wide SO
20 SSOP
20 SSOP
20 CERDIP
20 CERDIP
±1
±1/2
±1
±1/2
±1
±1/2
±1
±1/2
±1
±1/2
±1
±1/2
±1
________________________Applications
Automotive
Pen-Entry Systems
Consumer Electronics
Portable Data Logging
Robotics
Battery-Powered Instruments, Battery
Management
Medical Instruments
____________________________Features
See last page for Typical Operating Circuit.
SPI and QSPI are trademarks of Motorola Corp.
Microwire is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corp.
___________________Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
CH0 1
20 VDD
CH1 2
19 SCLK
18 CS
CH2 3
CH3 4
MAX192
17 DIN
CH4 5
16 SSTRB
CH5 6
15 DOUT
CH6 7
14 DGND
CH7 8
13 AGND
AGND 9
12 REFADJ
SHDN 10
11 VREF
DIP/SO/SSOP
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800.
For small orders, phone 408-737-7600 ext. 3468.
MAX192
________________General Description
MAX192
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VDD to AGND........................................................... -0.3V to +6V
AGND to DGND.................................................... -0.3V to +0.3V
CH0–CH7 to AGND, DGND ...................... -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
CH0–CH7 Total Input Current.......................................... ±20mA
VREF to AGND .......................................... -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
REFADJ to AGND...................................... -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Digital Inputs to DGND.............................. -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Digital Outputs to DGND ........................... -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Digital Output Sink Current .................................................25mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
Plastic DIP (derate 11.11mW/°C above +70°C) ......... 889mW
SO (derate 10.00mW/°C above +70°C) ...................... 800mW
SSOP (derate 8.00mW/°C above +70°C) ................... 640mW
CERDIP (derate 11.11mW/°C above +70°C) .............. 889mW
Operating Temperature Ranges
MAX192_C_P ..................................................... 0°C to +70°C
MAX192_E_P .................................................. -40°C to +85°C
MAX192_MJP ............................................... -55°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature Range ............................ -60°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) ............................ +300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = 5V ±5%, fCLK = 2.0MHz, external clock (50% duty cycle), 15 clocks/conversion cycle (133ksps), 4.7µF capacitor at VREF pin,
TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
DC ACCURACY (Note 1)
Resolution
10
Relative Accuracy (Note 2)
Differential Nonlinearity
DNL
Bits
MAX192A
±1/2
MAX192B
±1
No missing codes over temperature
±1
LSB
±2
LSB
Offset Error
Gain Error
External reference, 4.096V
Gain Temperature Coefficient
External reference, 4.096V
±2
Channel-to-Channel
Offset Matching
LSB
LSB
±0.8
ppm/°C
±0.1
LSB
DYNAMIC SPECIFICATIONS (10kHz sine-wave input, 4.096Vp-p, 133ksps, 2.0MHz external clock)
Signal-to-Noise + Distortion Ratio
SINAD
66
dB
Total Harmonic Distortion
(up to the 5th harmonic)
THD
-70
dB
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
SFDR
70
dB
Channel-to-Channel Crosstalk
65kHz, VIN = 4.096Vp-p (Note 3)
-75
dB
Small-Signal Bandwidth
-3dB rolloff
4.5
MHz
800
kHz
Full-Power Bandwidth
CONVERSION RATE
Conversion Time (Note 4)
Track/Hold Acquisition Time
tCONV
Internal clock
External clock, 2MHz, 12 clocks/conversion
5.5
10
6
tAZ
1.5
µs
µs
Aperture Delay
10
ns
Aperture Jitter
<50
ps
Internal Clock Frequency
1.7
MHz
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
(VDD = 5V ±5%, fCLK = 2.0MHz, external clock (50% duty cycle), 15 clocks/conversion cycle (133ksps), 4.7µF capacitor at VREF pin,
TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
External Clock Frequency
CONDITIONS
MIN
External compensation, 4.7µF
0.1
Internal compensation (Note 5)
0.1
Used for data transfer only
TYP
MAX
UNITS
2.0
0.4
MHz
10
ANALOG INPUT
Common-mode range (any input)
0
VDD
Single-ended range (unipolar only)
0
VREF
0
VREF
-VREF
-2
+VREF
2
Analog Input Voltage
(Note 6)
Unipolar
Differential range
Bipolar
Multiplexer Leakage Current
On/off leakage current; VIN = 0V, 5V
Input Capacitance
(Note 5)
±0.01
±1
16
V
µA
pF
INTERNAL REFERENCE (reference buffer enabled)
VREF Output Voltage
TA = +25°C (Note 7)
4.066
4.096
VREF Short-Circuit Current
30
VREF Tempco
Load Regulation (Note 8)
Capacitive Bypass at VREF
Capacitive Bypass at REFADJ
4.126
0mA to 0.5mA output load
Internal compensation
0
External compensation
4.7
Internal compensation
0.01
External compensation
0.01
REFADJ Adjustment Range
V
mA
±30
ppm/°C
2.5
mV
µF
µF
±1.5
%
EXTERNAL REFERENCE AT VREF (buffer disabled, VREF = 4.096V)
VDD +
50mV
2.5
Input Voltage Range
Input Current
200
Input Resistance
12
Shutdown VREF Input Current
350
20
1.5
µA
kΩ
10
VDD 50mV
Buffer Disable Threshold
REFADJ
V
µA
V
EXTERNAL REFERENCE AT REFADJ
Capacitive Bypass at VREF
Reference-Buffer Gain
REFADJ Input Current
Internal compensation mode
0
External compensation mode
4.7
µF
1.678
V/V
±50
µA
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
MAX192
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
MAX192
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VDD = 5V ±5%, fCLK = 2.0MHz, external clock (50% duty cycle), 15 clocks/conversion cycle (133ksps), 4.7µF capacitor at VREF pin,
TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
–—– –———–
EXTERNAL
DIGITAL
INPUTS
REFERENCE
(DIN, SCLK,
AT REFADJ
CS , SHDN )
DIN,SCLK, CS Input High Voltage
CONDITIONS
VINH
DIN,SCLK, CS Input Low Voltage
VINL
DIN, SCLK, CS Input Hysteresis
VHYST
DIN, SCLK, CS Input Leakage
TYP
MAX
2.4
VIN = 0V or VDD
DIN, SCLK, CS Input Capacitance
CIN
(Note 5)
SHDN Input High Voltage
VINH
SHDN Input Low Voltage
VINL
SHDN Input Current, High
IINH
SHDN = VDD
SHDN Input Current, Low
IINL
SHDN = 0V
SHDN Input Mid Voltage
VIM
SHDN Voltage, Floating
VFLT
0.8
V
±1
µA
15
pF
V
VDD - 0.5
V
V
4.0
µA
µA
1.5
SHDN = open
0.5
-4.0
SHDN = open
UNITS
V
0.15
IIN
SHDN Max Allowed Leakage,
Mid Input
MIN
VDD - 1.5
2.75
-100
V
V
100
nA
DIGITAL OUTPUTS (DOUT, SSTRB)
Output Voltage Low
VOL
Output Voltage High
VOH
Three-State Leakage Current
Three-State Leakage Capacitance
IL
COUT
ISINK = 5mA
0.4
ISINK = 16mA
ISOURCE = 1mA
0.3
4
V
V
CS = 5V
CS = 5V (Note 5)
±10
µA
15
pF
POWER REQUIREMENTS
Positive Supply Voltage
VDD
Positive Supply Current
IDD
Positive Supply Rejection
(Note 9)
PSR
5 ±5%
V
Operating mode
1.5
2.5
Fast power-down
30
70
Full power-down
2
10
±0.06
±0.5
VDD = 5V ±5%; external reference, 4.096V;
full-scale input
mA
µA
mV
Note 1: Tested at VDD = 5.0V; single-ended, unipolar.
Note 2: Relative accuracy is the deviation of the analog value at any code from its theoretical value after the full-scale range has
been calibrated.
Note 3: Grounded on-channel; sine wave applied to all off channels.
Note 4: Conversion time defined as the number of clock cycles times the clock period; clock has 50% duty cycle.
Note 5: Guaranteed by design. Not subject to production testing.
Note 6: The common-mode range for the analog inputs is from AGND to VDD.
Note 7: Sample tested to 0.1% AQL.
Note 8: External load should not change during conversion for specified accuracy.
Note 9: Measured at VSUPPLY + 5% and VSUPPLY - 5% only.
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
(VDD = 5V ±5%, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
Acquisition Time
tAZ
1.5
DIN to SCLK Setup
tDS
100
DIN to SCLK Hold
tDH
SCLK Fall to Output Data Valid
tDO
CLOAD = 100pF
CS Fall to Output Enable
tDV
CLOAD = 100pF
CS Rise to Output Disable
tTR
CLOAD = 100pF
20
TYP
MAX
UNITS
µs
ns
0
ns
150
ns
100
ns
100
ns
CS to SCLK Rise Setup
tCSS
100
ns
CS to SCLK Rise Hold
tCSH
0
ns
SCLK Pulse Width High
tCH
200
ns
SCLK Pulse Width Low
tCL
SCLK Fall to SSTRB
200
tSSTRB
ns
CLOAD = 100pF
200
ns
CS Fall to SSTRB Output Enable
(Note 5)
tSDV
External clock mode only, CLOAD = 100pF
200
ns
CS Rise to SSTRB Output
Disable (Note 5)
tSTR
External clock mode only, CLOAD = 100pF
200
ns
SSTRB Rise to SCLK Rise
(Note 5)
tSCK
Internal clock mode only
0
ns
Note 5: Guaranteed by design. Not subject to production testing.
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION
vs. TEMPERATURE
CHANNEL-TO-CHANNEL OFFSET MATCHING
vs. TEMPERATURE
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
0.16
0.30
2.456
2.455
VREFADJ (V)
PSR (LSBs)
0.20
0.14
OFFSET MATCHING (LSBs)
0.25
VDD = +5V ±5%
0.15
0.10
2.454
2.453
0.05
0
-0.05
-60 -40 -20 0
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
2.452
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C)
0.12
0.10
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C)
0
-60 -40 -20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
MAX192
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADCs
MAX192
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
1–8
CH0–CH7
9, 13
AGND
Analog Ground. Also IN- Input for single-enabled conversions. Connect both AGND pins to
analog ground.
10
SHDN
Three-Level Shutdown Input. Pulling SHDN low shuts the MAX192 down to 10µA (max) supply current, otherwise the MAX192 is fully operational. Pulling SHDN high puts the reference-buffer amplifier in internal compensation mode. Letting SHDN float puts the reference-buffer amplifier in external
compensation mode.
11
VREF
Reference Voltage for analog-to-digital conversion. Also, Output of the Reference Buffer Amplifier.
Add a 4.7µF capacitor to ground when using external compensation mode. Also functions as an
input when used with a precision external reference.
12
REFADJ
14
DGND
Digital Ground
15
DOUT
Serial Data Output. Data is clocked out at the falling edge of SCLK. High impedance when CS is
high.
16
SSTRB
Serial Strobe Output. In internal clock mode, SSTRB goes low when the MAX192 begins the A/D
conversion and goes high when the conversion is done. In external clock mode, SSTRB pulses high
for one clock period before the MSB decision. SSTRB is high impedance when CS is high
(external mode).
17
DIN
Serial Data Input. Data is clocked in at the rising edge of SCLK.
18
CS
Active-Low Chip Select. Data will not be clocked into DIN unless CS is low. When CS is high, DOUT
is high impedance.
19
SCLK
Serial Clock Input. Clocks data in and out of serial interface. In external clock mode, SCLK also sets
the conversion speed. (Duty cycle must be 40% to 60% in external clock mode.)
20
VDD
Sampling Analog Inputs
Reference-Buffer Amplifier Input. To disable the reference-buffer amplifier, tie REFADJ to VDD.
Positive Supply Voltage, +5V ±5%
+3V
+5V
DOUT
DOUT
3k
CLOAD
CLOAD
DGND
a) High-Z to VOH and VOL to VOH
DGND
b) High-Z to VOL and VOH to VOL
Figure 1. Load Circuits for Enable Time
6
3k
3k
DOUT
DOUT
3k
CLOAD
CLOAD
DGND
a) VOH to High-Z
DGND
b) VOL to High-Z
Figure 2. Load Circuits for Disabled Time
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
18
19
DIN
17
SHDN
10
CH0
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4
CH5
CH6
CH7
1
AGND
AGND
13
MAX192
CS
SCLK
CAPACITIVE DAC
2
3
4
5
6
INPUT
SHIFT
REGISTER
CONTROL
LOGIC
OUTPUT
SHIFT
REGISTER
ANALOG
INPUT
MUX
REFADJ
12
VREF
11
15
16
DOUT
SSTRB
T/H
OUT
20k
A ≈ 1.65
+4.096V
CH3
20
14
VDD
DGND
MAX192
CH6
CH7
COMPARATOR
CHOLD
INPUT
MUX –
+
ZERO
16pF
10k
RS
CH2
CH5
REF
+2.46V
REFERENCE
CH0
CH1
CH4
CLOCK
IN SAR
ADC
7
8
9
VREF
INT
CLOCK
CSWITCH
TRACK
T/H
SWITCH
AGND
HOLD
AT THE SAMPLING INSTANT,
THE MUX INPUT SWITCHES
FROM THE SELECTED IN+
CHANNEL TO THE SELECTED
IN- CHANNEL.
SINGLE-ENDED MODE: IN+ = CHO-CH7, IN- = AGND.
DIFFERENTIAL MODE (BIPOLAR): IN+ AND IN- SELECTED FROM PAIRS OF
CH0/CH1, CH2/CH3, CH4/CH5, CH6/CH7.
Figure 4. Equivalent Input Circuit
Figure 3. Block Diagram
Detailed Description
The MAX192 uses a successive-approximation conversion technique and input track/hold (T/H) circuitry to
convert an analog signal to a 10-bit digital output. A
flexible serial interface provides easy interface to
microprocessors. No external hold capacitors are
required. Figure 3 shows the block diagram for the
MAX192.
Pseudo-Differential Input
The sampling architecture of the ADC’s analog comparator is illustrated in the Equivalent Input Circuit
(Figure 4). In single-ended mode, IN+ is internally
switched to CH0–CH7 and IN- is switched to AGND. In
differential mode, IN+ and IN- are selected from pairs
of CH0/CH1, CH2/CH3, CH4/CH5, and CH6/CH7. Refer
to Tables 1 and 2 to configure the channels.
In differential mode, IN- and IN+ are internally switched
to either one of the analog inputs. This configuration is
pseudo-differential to the effect that only the signal at
IN+ is sampled. The return side (IN-) must remain stable within ±0.5LSB (±0.1LSB for best results) with
respect to AGND during a conversion. Accomplish this
by connecting a 0.1µF capacitor from AIN- (the selected analog input, respectively) to AGND.
During the acquisition interval, the channel selected as
the positive input (IN+) charges capacitor CHOLD. The
acquisition interval spans three SCLK cycles and ends
on the falling SCLK edge after the last bit of the input
control word has been entered. At the end of the acquisition interval, the T/H switch opens, retaining charge
on CHOLD as a sample of the signal at IN+.
The conversion interval begins with the input multiplexer switching CHOLD from the positive input (IN+) to the
negative input (IN-). In single-ended mode, IN- is
simply AGND. This unbalances node ZERO at the input
of the comparator. The capacitive DAC adjusts during
the remainder of the conversion cycle to restore its
node ZERO to 0V within the limits of its resolution. This
action is equivalent to transferring a charge of
16pF x (VIN+ - VIN-) from CHOLD to the binary-weighted
capacitive DAC, which in turn forms a digital representation of the analog input signal.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
MAX192
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
Track/Hold
The T/H enters its tracking mode on the falling clock
edge after the fifth bit of the 8-bit control word has been
shifted in. The T/H enters its hold mode on the falling
clock edge after the eighth bit of the control word has
been shifted in. If the converter is set up for single-ended
inputs, IN- is connected to AGND, and the converter
samples the “+” input. If the converter is set up for differential inputs, IN- connects to the “-” input, and the difference of IN+ - IN- is sampled. At the end of the conversion, the positive input connects back to IN+, and
CHOLD charges to the input signal.
The time required for the T/H to acquire an input signal is
a function of how quickly its input capacitance is charged.
If the input signal’s source impedance is high, the acquisition time lengthens and more time must be allowed
between conversions. Acquisition time is calculated by:
tAZ = 9 (RS + RIN) 16pF
where RIN = 5kΩ, RS = the source impedance of the
input signal, and tAZ is never less than 1.5µs. Note that
source impedances below 5kW do not significantly affect
the AC performance of the ADC. Higher source impedances can be used if an input capacitor is connected to
the analog inputs, as shown in Figure 5. Note that the
input capacitor forms an RC filter with the input source
impedance, limiting the ADC’s signal bandwidth.
Input Bandwidth
The ADC’s input tracking circuitry has a 4.5MHz
small-signal bandwidth, so it is possible to digitize
high-speed transient events and measure periodic signals with bandwidths exceeding the ADC’s sampling
rate by using undersampling techniques. To avoid
high-frequency signals being aliased into the frequency
band of interest, anti-alias filtering is recommended.
See the data sheets for the MAX291–MAX297 filters.
Analog Input Range and Input Protection
Internal protection diodes, which clamp the analog
input to VDD and AGND, allow the channel input pins to
swing from AGND - 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V without damage. However, for accurate conversions near full scale,
the inputs must not exceed VDD by more than 50mV, or
be lower than AGND by 50mV.
If the analog input exceeds 50mV beyond the supplies, do not forward bias the protection diodes of
off channels over 2mA.
The MAX192 can be configured for differential (unipolar
or bipolar) or single-ended (unipolar only) inputs, as
selected by bits 2 and 3 of the control byte (Table 3).
In the single-ended mode, set the UNI/BIP bit to unipolar.
In this mode, analog inputs are internally referenced to
AGND, with a full-scale input range from 0V to VREF.
In differential mode, both unipolar and bipolar settings
can be used. Choosing unipolar mode sets the differential input range at 0V to VREF. The output code is invalid
(code zero) when a negative differential input voltage is
applied. Bipolar mode sets the differential input range to
±VREF / 2. Note that in this differential mode, the common-mode input range includes both supply rails. Refer
to Tables 4a and 4b for input voltage ranges.
Quick Look
To evaluate the analog performance of the MAX192
quickly, use Figure 5’s circuit. The MAX192 requires a
control byte to be written to DIN before each
conversion. Tying DIN to +5V feeds in control bytes of
Table 1. Channel Selection in Single-Ended Mode (SGL/DIF = 1)
SEL2
SEL1
SEL0
CH0
0
0
0
+
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
8
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4
CH5
CH6
CH7
AGND
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
_______________________________________________________________________________________
–
+
–
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
MAX192
Table 2. Channel Selection in Differential Mode (SGL/DIF = 0)
SEL2
SEL1
SEL0
CH0
CH1
0
0
0
+
–
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
–
CH2
CH3
+
–
CH4
CH5
+
–
CH6
CH7
+
–
–
+
+
–
+
–
+
Table 3. Control-Byte Format
Bit 7
(MSB)
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
(LSB)
START
SEL2
SEL1
SEL0
UNI/BIP
SGL/DIF
PD1
PD0
Bit
Name
Description
7(MSB)
START
The first logic “1” bit after CS goes low defines the beginning of the control byte.
6
5
4
SEL2
SEL1
SEL0
These three bits select which of the eight channels are used for the conversion.
See Tables 1 and 2.
3
UNI/BIP
1 = unipolar, 0 = bipolar. Selects unipolar or bipolar conversion mode. In unipolar
mode, an analog input signal from 0V to VREF can be converted; in differential bipolar
mode, the differential signal can range from -VREF / 2 to +VREF / 2. Select differential
operation if bipolar mode is used.
2
SGL/DIF
1 = single ended, 0 = differential. Selects single-ended or differential conversions. In
single-ended mode, input signal voltages are referred to AGND. In differential mode,
the voltage difference between two channels is measured. Select unipolar operation
if single-ended mode is used. See Tables 1 and 2.
1
0(LSB)
PD1
PD0
Selects clock and power-down modes.
PD0
Mode
PD1
0
0
Full power-down (IQ = 2µA)
0
1
Fast power-down (IQ = 30µA)
1
0
Internal clock mode
1
1
External clock mode
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9
MAX192
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
Table 4a. Unipolar Full Scale and Zero
Scale
ZERO
SCALE
FULL SCALE
0V
+4.096V
at REFADJ
0V
VREFADJ (1.678)
at VREF
0V
VREF
REFERENCE
Internal Reference
External
Reference
Example: Simple Software Interface
Make sure the CPU’s serial interface runs in master
mode so the CPU generates the serial clock. Choose a
clock frequency from 100kHz to 2MHz.
1)
2)
Set up the control byte for external clock mode,
call it TB1. TB1 should be of the format:
1XXXXX11 binary, where the Xs denote the particular channel and conversion-mode selected.
Use a general-purpose I/O line on the CPU to
pull CS on the MAX192 low.
Transmit TB1 and simultaneously receive a byte
and call it RB1. Ignore RB1.
Table 4b. Differential Bipolar Full Scale,
Zero Scale, and Negative Full Scale
3)
NEGATIVE ZERO
FULL SCALE
FULL SCALE SCALE
4)
Transmit a byte of all zeros ($00 HEX) and
simultaneously receive byte RB2.
5)
Transmit a byte of all zeros ($00 HEX) and
simultaneously receive byte RB3.
6)
Pull CS on the MAX192 high.
REFERENCE
Internal Reference
External
Reference
at
REFADJ
0.at VREF
0V
+4.096V / 2
-1/2VREFADJ
(1.678)
-4.096V / 2
0V
+1/2VREFADJ
(1.678)
-1/2VREF
0V
+1/2VREF
$FF (HEX), which trigger single-ended conversions on
CH7 in external clock mode without powering down
between conversions. In external clock mode, the
SSTRB output pulses high for one clock period before
the most significant bit of the conversion result comes
out of DOUT. Varying the analog input to CH7 should
alter the sequence of bits from DOUT. A total of 15
clock cycles is required per conversion. All transitions
of the SSTRB and DOUT outputs occur on the falling
edge of SCLK.
How to Start a Conversion
A conversion is started on the MAX192 by clocking
a control byte into DIN. Each rising edge on SCLK,
with CS low, clocks a bit from DIN into the MAX192’s
internal shift register. After CS falls, the first arriving
logic “1” bit defines the MSB of the control byte. Until
this first “start” bit arrives, any number of logic “0” bits
can be clocked into DIN with no effect. Table 3 shows
the control-byte format.
The MAX192 is compatible with Microwire, SPI, and
QSPI devices. For SPI, select the correct clock polarity
and sampling edge in the SPI control registers: set
CPOL = 0 and CPHA = 0. Microwire and SPI both
transmit a byte and receive a byte at the same time.
Using the Typical Operating Circuit, the simplest software interface requires only three 8-bit transfers to perform a conversion (one 8-bit transfer to configure the
ADC, and two more 8-bit transfers to clock out the
12-bit conversion result).
10
Figure 6 shows the timing for this sequence. Bytes RB2
and RB3 will contain the result of the conversion
padded with one leading zero, two sub-LSB bits, and
three trailing zeros. The total conversion time is a function of the serial clock frequency and the amount of
dead time between 8-bit transfers. Make sure that the
total conversion time does not exceed 120µs, to avoid
excessive T/H droop.
Digital Output
In unipolar input mode, the output is straight binary
(Figure 15). For bipolar inputs in differential mode, the
output is twos-complement (Figure 16). Data is clocked
out at the falling edge of SCLK in MSB-first format.
Internal and External Clock Modes
The MAX192 may use either an external serial clock or
the internal clock to perform the successive-approximation conversion. In both clock modes, the external clock
shifts data in and out of the MAX192. The T/H acquires
the input signal as the last three bits of the control byte
are clocked into DIN. Bits PD1 and PD0 of the control
byte program the clock mode. Figures 7 through 10
show the timing characteristics common to both
modes.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
MAX192
VDD
+5V
OSCILLOSCOPE
0.1µF
DGND
AGND
AGND
MAX192
0V TO
4.096V
ANALOG 0.01µF
INPUT
SCLK
SSTRB
CH7
CS
DOUT*
SCLK
+5V
DIN
2MHz
OSCILLATOR
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4
DOUT
C2
0.01µF
REFADJ
SSTRB
VREF
SHDN
N.C.
C1
4.7µF
+2.5V
+2.5V
REFERENCE
**
* FULL-SCALE ANALOG INPUT, CONVERSION RESULT = $FFF (HEX)
**OPTIONAL. A POTENTIOMETER MAY BE USED IN PLACE OF THE REFERENCE FOR TEST PURPOSES.
Figure 5. Quick-Look Circuit
External Clock
In external clock mode, the external clock not only
shifts data in and out, it also drives the analog-to-digital
conversion steps. SSTRB pulses high for one clock
period after the last bit of the control byte.
Successive-approximation bit decisions are made and
appear at DOUT on each of the next 12 SCLK falling
edges (see Figure 6). The first 10 bits are the true data
bits, and the last two are sub-LSB bits.
SSTRB and DOUT go into a high-impedance state when
CS goes high; after the next CS falling edge, SSTRB will
output a logic low. Figure 8 shows the SSTRB timing in
external clock mode.
The conversion must complete in some minimum time, or
else droop on the sample-and-hold capacitors may
degrade conversion results. Use internal clock mode if the
clock period exceeds 10µs, or if serial-clock interruptions
could cause the conversion interval to exceed 120µs.
Internal Clock
In internal clock mode, the MAX192 generates its own
conversion clock internally. This frees the microprocessor from the burden of running the SAR conversion
clock, and allows the conversion results to be read
back at the processor’s convenience, at any clock rate
from zero to typically 10MHz. SSTRB goes low at the
start of the conversion and then goes high when the
conversion is complete. SSTRB will be low for a maximum of 10µs, during which time SCLK should remain
low for best noise performance. An internal register
stores data when the conversion is in progress. SCLK
clocks the data out at this register at any time after the
conversion is complete. After SSTRB goes high, the
next falling clock edge will produce the MSB of the
conversion at DOUT, followed by the remaining bits in
MSB-first format (Figure 9). CS does not need to be
held low once a conversion is started.
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
MAX192
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
CS
tACQ
SCLK
1
4
8
12
16
RB1
DIN
UNI/
BIP
START SEL2 SEL1 SEL0
20
RB2
SGL/
DIF PD1
24
RB3
PD0
SSTRB
B9
MSB
B8
B7
ACQUISITION
IDLE
A/D STATE
RB3
RB2
RB1
DOUT
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
LSB
S1
SO
FILLED WITH
ZEROS
CONVERSION
IDLE
1.5µs (CLK = 2MHz)
Figure 6. 24-Bit External Clock Mode Conversion Timing (SPI, QSPI and Microwire Compatible)
•••
CS
tCSH
tCSS
tCL
tCH
SCLK
tCSH
•••
tDS
tDH
•••
DIN
tDV
tDO
tTR
•••
DOUT
Figure 7. Detailed Serial-Interface Timing
Pulling CS high prevents data from being clocked into
the MAX192 and three-states DOUT, but it does not
adversely affect an internal clock-mode conversion
already in progress. When internal clock mode is
selected, SSTRB does not go into a high-impedance
state when CS goes high.
Figure 10 shows the SSTRB timing in internal clock
mode. In internal clock mode, data can be shifted in
and out of the MAX192 at clock rates exceeding
4.0MHz, provided that the minimum acquisition time,
tAZ, is kept above 1.5µs.
Data Framing
The falling edge of CS does not start a conversion on
the MAX192. The first logic high clocked into DIN is interpreted as a start bit and defines the first bit of the control
byte. A conversion starts on the falling edge of SCLK,
12
after the eighth bit of the control byte (the PD0 bit) is
clocked into DIN. The start bit is defined as:
The first high bit clocked into DIN with CS low anytime the converter is idle, e.g. after VDD is applied.
OR
The first high bit clocked into DIN after bit 3 of a
conversion in progress is clocked onto the DOUT pin.
If a falling edge on CS forces a start bit before bit 3
(B3) becomes available, then the current conversion
will be terminated and a new one started. Thus, the
fastest the MAX192 can run is 15 clocks per conversion. Figure 11a shows the serial-interface timing necessary to perform a conversion every 15 SCLK cycles
in external clock mode. If CS is low and SCLK is continuous, guarantee a start bit by first clocking in 16 zeros.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
•••
tSTR
tSDV
SSTRB
•••
•••
tSSTRB
tSSTRB
•• • •
SCLK
MAX192
•••
CS
••••
PD0 CLOCKED IN
Figure 8. External Clock Mode SSTRB Detailed Timing
CS
SCLK
DIN
1
2
3
4
5
START SEL2 SEL1 SEL0 UNI/
BIP
7
8
SGL/ PD1
DIF
PD0
6
9
10
11
12
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
SSTRB
tCONV
B9
MSB
DOUT
A/D STATE
IDLE
ACQUISITION
CONVERSION
10µs MAX
B8
B7
B0
LSB
S1
S0
FILLED WITH
ZEROS
IDLE
1.5µs (CLK = 2MHz)
Figure 9. Internal Clock Mode Timing
Most microcontrollers require that conversions occur in
multiples of 8 SCLK clocks; 16 clocks per conversion
will typically be the fastest that a microcontroller can
drive the MAX192. Figure 11b shows the serial-interface timing necessary to perform a conversion every 16
SCLK cycles in external clock mode.
__________ Applications Information
Power-On Reset
When power is first applied and if SHDN is not pulled
low, internal power-on reset circuitry will activate the
MAX192 in internal clock mode, ready to convert with
SSTRB = high. After the power supplies have been stabilized, the internal reset time is 100µs and no conversions should be performed during this phase. SSTRB is
high on power-up and, if CS is low, the first logical 1 on
DIN will be interpreted as a start bit. Until a conversion
takes place, DOUT will shift out zeros.
Reference-Buffer Compensation
In addition to its shutdown function, the SHDN pin also
selects internal or external compensation. The compensation affects both power-up time and maximum conversion speed. Compensated or not, the minimum clock
rate is 100kHz due to droop on the sample-and-hold.
To select external compensation, float SHDN. See the
Typical Operating Circuit, which uses a 4.7µF capacitor
at VREF. A value of 4.7µF or greater ensures stability
and allows operation of the converter at the full clock
speed of 2MHz. External compensation increases
power-up time (see the Choosing Power-Down Mode
section, and Table 5).
Internal compensation requires no external capacitor at
VREF, and is selected by pulling SHDN high. Internal
compensation allows for shortest power-up times, but is
only available using an external clock and reduces the
maximum clock rate to 400kHz.
______________________________________________________________________________________
13
MAX192
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
CS
tCONV
tCSS
tSCK
tCSH
SSTRB
tSSTRB
SCLK
PD0 CLOCK IN
NOTE: FOR BEST NOISE PERFORMANCE, KEEP SCLK LOW DURING CONVERSION.
Figure 10. Internal Clock Mode SSTRB Detailed Timing
CS
1
8
1
8
1
SCLK
S
DIN
CONTROL BYTE 0
S
CONTROL BYTE 2
B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 S1 S0
B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 S1 S0
DOUT
S
CONTROL BYTE 1
CONVERSION RESULT 1
CONVERSION RESULT 0
SSTRB
Figure 11a. External Clock Mode, 15 Clocks/Conversion Timing
CS
SCLK
DIN
DOUT
S
S
CONTROL BYTE 0
CONTROL BYTE 1
B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 S1 S0
CONVERSION RESULT 0
B9
B7
B6
CONVERSION RESULT 1
Figure 11b. External Clock Mode, 16 Clocks/Conversion Timing
14
B8
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
INTERNAL
MAX192
CLOCK
MODE
EXTERNAL
EXTERNAL
SHDN
SETS FAST
POWER-DOWN
MODE
SETS EXTERNAL
CLOCK MODE
DIN
S X X X X X 1 1
DOUT
S X X X X X 0 1
S X X X X X 1 1
DATA VALID
(10 + 2 DATA BITS)
DATA VALID
(10 + 2 DATA BITS)
POWERED UP
MODE
SETS EXTERNAL
CLOCK MODE
FAST
POWER-DOWN
VALID DATA INVALID
POWERED UP
POWERED
UP
FULL
POWERDOWN
Figure 12a. Timing Diagram Power-Down Modes, External Clock
CLOCK
MODE
DIN
INTERNAL CLOCK MODE
S X X X X X 1 0
S X X X X X 0 0
DOUT
SSTRB
MODE
SETS FULL
POWER-DOWN
SETS INTERNAL
CLOCK MODE
S
DATA VALID
DATA VALID
CONVERSION
CONVERSION
POWERED UP
FULL
POWER-DOWN
POWERED
UP
Figure 12b. Timing Diagram Power-Down Modes, Internal Clock
Power-Down
Choosing Power-Down Mode
You can save power by placing the converter in a
low-current shutdown state between conversions.
Select full power-down or fast power-down mode via
bits 1 and 0 of the DIN control byte with SHDN either
high or floating (see Tables 3 and 6). Pull SHDN low at
any time to shut down the converter completely. SHDN
overrides bits 1 and 0 of DIN word (see Table 7).
Full power-down mode turns off all chip functions that
draw quiescent current, typically reducing IDD to 2µA.
Fast power-down mode turns off all circuitry except the
bandgap reference. With the fast power-down mode, the
supply current is 30µA. Power-up time can be shortened
to 5µs in internal compensation mode.
In both software shutdown modes, the serial interface
remains operational, however, the ADC will not convert.
Table 5 illustrates how the choice of reference-buffer
compensation and power-down mode affects both
power-up delay and maximum sample rate.
In external compensation mode, the power-up time is
20ms with a 4.7µF compensation capacitor when the
capacitor is fully discharged. In fast power-down, you
can eliminate start-up time by using low-leakage capaci-
______________________________________________________________________________________
15
MAX192
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
Table 5. Worst-Case Power-Up Delay Times
Reference
Buffer
ReferenceBuffer
Compensation
Mode
VREF
Capacitor
(µF)
PowerDown
Mode
Power-Up
Delay
(sec)
Maximum
Sampling
Rate (ksps)
Enabled
Internal
Fast
5µ
26
Enabled
Internal
Enabled
External
4.7
Full
300µ
26
Fast
See Figure 14c
133
Enabled
External
4.7
Full
See Figure 14c
133
Disabled
Fast
2µ
133
Disabled
Full
2µ
133
Table 6. Software Shutdown and Clock
Mode
PD1
PD0
Device Mode
1
1
External Clock Mode
1
0
Internal Clock Mode
0
1
0
0
SHDN
State
Device
Mode
Reference-Buffer
Compensation
1
Enabled
Internal Compensation
Fast Power-Down Mode
Floating
Enabled
External Compensation
Full Power-Down Mode
0
Full Power-Down
N/A
tors that will not discharge more than 1/2LSB while shut
down. In shutdown, the capacitor has to supply the current into the reference (1.5µA typ) and the transient currents at power-up.
Figures 12a and 12b illustrate the various power-down
sequences in both external and internal clock modes.
Software Power-Down
Software power-down is activated using bits PD1 and
PD0 of the control byte. As shown in Table 6, PD1 and
PD0 also specify the clock mode. When software shutdown is asserted, the ADC will continue to operate in
the last specified clock mode until the conversion is
complete. Then the ADC powers down into a low quiescent-current state. In internal clock mode, the interface
remains active and conversion results may be clocked
out while the MAX192 has already entered a software
power-down.
The first logical 1 on DIN will be interpreted as a start
bit, and powers up the MAX192. Following the start bit,
the data input word or control byte also determines
clock and power-down modes. For example, if the DIN
word contains PD1 = 1, then the chip will remain powered up. If PD1 = 0, a power-down will resume after
one conversion.
16
Table 7. Hard-Wired Shutdown and
Compensation Mode
Hardware Power-Down
The SHDN pin places the converter into the full
power-down mode. Unlike with the software shutdown
modes, conversion is not completed. It stops coincidentally with SHDN being brought low. There is no
power-up delay if an external reference is used and is
not shut down. The SHDN pin also selects internal or
external reference compensation (see Table 7).
Power-Down Sequencing
The MAX192 auto power-down modes can save considerable power when operating at less than maximum
sample rates. The following discussion illustrates the
various power-down sequences.
Lowest Power at up to 500
Conversions/Channel/Second
The following examples illustrate two different
power-down sequences. Other combinations of clock
rates, compensation modes, and power-down modes
may give lowest power consumption in other applications.
Figure 14a depicts the MAX192 power consumption for
one or eight channel conversions utilizing full
power-down mode and internal reference compensation. A 0.01µF bypass capacitor at REFADJ forms an
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
MAX192
COMPLETE CONVERSION SEQUENCE
2ms WAIT
CH1
(ZEROS)
DIN
1
00
1
FULLPD
01
1
11
FASTPD
(ZEROS)
CH7
1
00
NOPD
1
FULLPD
01
FASTPD
2.5V
REFADJ
0V
τ = RC = 20kΩ x CREFADJ
4V
VREF
0V
tBUFFEN ≈ 15µs
Figure 13. FULLPD/FASTPD Power-Up Sequence
FULL POWER-DOWN
FAST POWER-DOWN
8 CHANNELS
100
1 CHANNEL
10
2ms FASTPD WAIT
400kHz EXTERNAL CLOCK
INTERNAL COMPENSATION
1
MAX192-14B
MAX192-14A
10,000
AVG. SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
AVG. SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
1000
1 CHANNEL
8 CHANNELS
1000
100
2MHz EXTERNAL CLOCK
EXTERNAL COMPENSATION
50µs WAIT
10
0
100
200
300
400
500
0
RC filter with the internal 20kΩ reference resistor with a
0.2ms time constant. To achieve full 10-bit accuracy,
10 time constants or 2ms are required after power-up.
Waiting 2ms in FASTPD mode instead of full power-up
will reduce the power consumption by a factor of 10 or
more. This is achieved by using the sequence shown in
Figure 13.
Lowest Power at Higher Throughputs
Figure 14b shows the power consumption with
external-reference compensation in fast power-down,
with one and eight channels converted. The external
4.7µF compensation requires a 50µs wait after
power-up, accomplished by 75 idle clocks after a
dummy conversion. This circuit combines fast
multi-channel conversion with lowest power consumption possible. Full power-down mode may provide
increased power savings in applications where the
8k
12k
16k
Figure 14b. Supply Current vs. Sample Rate/Second, FASTPD,
2MHz Clock
3.0
2.5
POWER-UP DELAY (ms)
Figure 14a. Supply Current vs. Sample Rate/Second, FULLPD,
400kHz Clock
4k
CONVERSIONS PER CHANNEL PER SECOND
CONVERSIONS PER CHANNEL PER SECOND
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
TIME IN SHUTDOWN (sec)
Figure 14c. Typical Power-Up Delay vs. Time in Shutdown
______________________________________________________________________________________
17
MAX192
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
OUTPUT CODE
OUTPUT CODE
FULL-SCALE
TRANSITION
11 . . . 111
011 . . . 111
11 . . . 110
011 . . . 110
11 . . . 101
000 . . . 010
FS = +4.096
2
1LSB = +4.096
1024
000 . . . 001
FS = +4.096V
1LSB = FS
1024
000 . . . 000
111 . . . 111
111 . . . 110
111 . . . 101
00 . . . 011
00 . . . 010
100 . . . 001
00 . . . 001
100 . . . 000
00 . . . 000
0
1
2
3
INPUT VOLTAGE (LSBs)
FS
FS - 3/2LSB
-FS
0V
+FS - 1LSB
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE (LSBs)
Figure 15. Unipolar Transfer Function, 4.096V = Full Scale
Figure 16. Differential Bipolar Transfer Function,
±4.096V / 2 = Full Scale
MAX192 is inactive for long periods of time, but where
intermittent bursts of high-speed conversions are
required.
typically 20kΩ. At VREF, the input impedance is a
minimum of 12kΩ for DC currents. During conversion,
an external reference at VREF must be able to deliver
up to 350µA DC load current and have an output
impedance of 10Ω or less. If the reference has higher
output impedance or is noisy, bypass it close to the
VREF pin with a 4.7µF capacitor.
External and Internal References
The MAX192 can be used with an internal or external
reference. Diode D1 shown in the Typical Operating
Circuit ensures correct start-up. Any standard signal
diode can be used. An external reference can either be
connected directly at the VREF terminal or at the
REFADJ pin.
The MAX192’s internally trimmed 2.46V reference is
buffered with a gain of 1.678 to scale an external 2.5V
reference at REFADJ to 4.096V at VREF.
Internal Reference
The full-scale range of the MAX192 with internal reference
is 4.096V with unipolar inputs, and ±2.048V with differential bipolar inputs. The internal reference voltage is
adjustable to ±1.5% with the Reference-Adjust Circuit of
Figure 17.
External Reference
An external reference can be placed at either the
input (REFADJ) or the output (VREF) of the internal
buffer amplifier. The REFADJ input impedance is
18
Using the buffered REFADJ input avoids external
buffering of the reference. To use the direct VREF input,
disable the internal buffer by tying REFADJ to VDD.
Transfer Function and Gain Adjust
Figure 15 depicts the nominal, unipolar input/output
(I/O) transfer function, and Figure 16 shows the differential bipolar input/output transfer function. Code
transitions occur halfway between successive integer
LSB values. Output coding is binary with
1LSB = 4.00mV (4.096V / 1024) for unipolar operation
and 1LSB = 4.00mV [(4.096V / 2 - -4.096V / 2)/1024]
for bipolar operation.
Figure 17, the Reference-Adjust Circuit, shows how to
adjust the ADC gain in applications that use the internal
reference. The circuit provides ±1.5% (±15LSBs) of
gain adjustment range.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
MAX192
+5V
SUPPLIES
MAX192
+5V
GND
510k
100k
12
REFADJ
R* = 10Ω
0.01µF
24k
VDD
AGND
MAX192
DGND
+5V
DGND
DIGITAL
CIRCUITRY
* OPTIONAL
Figure 17. Reference-Adjust Circuit
Figure 18. Power-Supply Grounding Connection
Layout, Grounding, Bypassing
High-Speed Digital Interfacing
For best performance, use printed circuit boards.
Wire-wrap boards are not recommended. Board layout
should ensure that digital and analog signal lines are
separated from each other. Do not run analog and digital (especially clock) lines parallel to one another, or
digital lines underneath the ADC package.
Figure 18 shows the recommended system ground
connections. A single-point analog ground (“star”
ground point) should be established at AGND, separate from the logic ground. All other analog grounds
and DGND should be connected to this ground. No
other digital system ground should be connected to
this single-point analog ground. The ground return to
the power supply for this ground should be low impedance and as short as possible for noise-free operation.
High-frequency noise in the VDD power supply may
affect the high-speed comparator in the ADC. Bypass
these supplies to the single-point analog ground with
0.1µF and 4.7µF bypass capacitors close to the
MAX192. Minimize capacitor lead lengths for best supply-noise rejection. If the +5V power supply is very
noisy, a 10Ω resistor can be connected as a lowpass
filter, as shown in Figure 18.
The MAX192 can interface with QSPI at high throughput rates using the circuit in Figure 19. This QSPI circuit
can be programmed to do a conversion on each of the
eight channels. The result is stored in memory without
taxing the CPU since QSPI incorporates its own
micro-sequencer.
Figure 20 details the code that sets up QSPI for
autonomous operation. In external clock mode, the
MAX192 performs a single-ended, unipolar conversion
on each of the eight analog input channels. Figure 21
shows the timing associated with the assembly code of
Figure 20. The first byte clocked into the MAX192 is the
control byte, which triggers the first conversion on CH0.
The last two bytes clocked into the MAX192 are all
zero, and clock out the results of the CH7 conversion.
______________________________________________________________________________________
19
MAX192
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
+5V
VDDI, VDDE, VDDSYN, VSTBY
ANALOG
INPUTS
1
CH0
VDD 20
2
CH1
SCLK 19
3
CH2
CS 18
4
CH3
5
CH4
SSTRB 16
6
CH5
DOUT 15
7
CH6
DGND 14
8
CH7
AGND 13
9
AGND
REFADJ 12
10
SHDN
VREF 11
MAX192
0.1µF
4.7µF
SCK
PCS0
DIN 17
MC68HC16
MOSI
MISO
0.01µF
0.1µF
+ 4.7µF
VSSI
VSSE
* CLOCK CONNECTIONS NOT SHOWN
Figure 19. MAX192 QSPI Connection
TMS320 to MAX192 Interface
Figure 22 shows an application circuit to interface the
MAX192 to the TMS320 in external clock mode. The
timing diagram for this interface circuit is shown in
Figure 23.
Use the following steps to initiate a conversion in the
MAX192 and to read the results:
1) The TMS320 should be configured with CLKX
(transmit clock) as an active-high output clock and
CLKR (TMS320 receive clock) as an active-high
input clock. CLKX and CLKR of the TMS320 are
tied together with the SCLK input of the MAX192.
2) The MAX192 CS is driven low by the XF_ I/O port
of the TMS320 to enable data to be clocked into
DIN of the MAX192.
4)
The SSTRB output of the MAX192 is monitored via
the FSR input of the TMS320. A falling edge on the
SSTRB output indicates that the conversion is in
progress and data is ready to be received from
the MAX192.
5)
The TMS320 reads in one data bit on each of the
next 16 rising edges of SCLK. These data bits represent the 10-bit conversion result and two subLSBs, followed by four trailing bits, which should
be ignored.
6)
Pull CS high to disable the MAX192 until the next
conversion is initiated.
3)
An 8-bit word (1XXXXX11) should be written to the
MAX192 to initiate a conversion and place the
device into external clock mode. Refer to Table 3
to select the proper XXXXX bit values for your specific application.
20
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
INITQSPI:
;This routine sets up the QSPI microsequencer to operate on its own.
;The sequencer will read all eight channels of a MAX192 each time
;it is triggered. The A/D converter results will be left in the
;receive data RAM. Each 16 bit receive data RAM location will
;have a leading zero, 10 + 2 bits of conversion result and three zeros.
;
;Receive RAM Bits 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
;A/D Result
0 MSB
LSB 0 0 0
***** Initialize the QSPI Registers ******
PSHA
PSHB
LDAA #%01111000
STAA QPDR
;idle state for PCS0-3 = high
LDAA #%01111011
STAA QPAR
;assign port D to be QSPI
LDAA #%01111110
STAA QDDR
;only MISO is an input
LDD #$8008
STD SPCR0
;master mode,16 bits/transfer,
;CPOL=CPHA=0,1MHz Ser Clock
LDD #$0000
STD SPCR1
;set delay between PCS0 and SCK,
;set delay between transfers
Figure 20. MAX192 Assembly-Code Listing
______________________________________________________________________________________
21
MAX192
* Description :
*
This is a shell program for using a stand-alone 68HC16 without any external memory. The internal 1K RAM
*
is put into bank $0F to maintain 68HC11 code compatibility. This program was written with software
*
provided in the Motorola 68HC16 Evaluation Kit.
*
* Roger J.A. Chen, Applications Engineer
* MAXIM Integrated Products
* November 20, 1992
*
******************************************************************************************************************************************************
INCLUDE
‘EQUATES.ASM’ ;Equates for common reg addrs
INCLUDE
‘ORG00000.ASM’ ;initialize reset vector
INCLUDE
‘ORG00008.ASM’ ;initialize interrupt vectors
ORG $0200
;start program after interrupt vectors
INCLUDE ‘INITSYS.ASM’
;set EK=F,XK=0,YK=0,ZK=0
;set sys clock at 16.78 MHz, COP off
INCLUDE ‘INITRAM.ASM’ ;turn on internal SRAM at $10000
;set stack (SK=1, SP=03FE)
MAIN:
JSR INITQSPI
MAINLOOP:
JSR READ192
WAIT:
LDAA SPSR
ANDA #$80
BEQ WAIT
;wait for QSPI to finish
BRA MAINLOOP
ENDPROGRAM:
MAX192
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
LDD #$0800
STD SPCR2
;set ENDQP to $8 for 9 transfers
***** Initialize QSPI Command RAM *****
LDAA #$80
;CONT=1,BITSE=0,DT=0,DSCK=0,PCS0=ACTIVE
STAA $FD40
;store first byte in COMMAND RAM
LDAA #$C0
;CONT=1,BITSE=1,DT=0,DSCK=0,PCS0=ACTIVE
STAA $FD41
STAA $FD42
STAA $FD43
STAA $FD44
STAA $FD45
STAA $FD46
STAA $FD47
LDAA #$40
;CONT=0,BITSE=1,DT=0,DSCK=0,PCS0=ACTIVE
STAA $FD48
***** Initialize QSPI Transmit RAM *****
LDD
#$008F
LDD
#$00CF
LDD
#$009F
LDD
#$00DF
LDD
#$00AF
LDD
#$00EF
LDD
#$00BF
LDD
#$00FF
LDD
#$0000
STD
$FD20
STD
$FD22
STD
$FD24
STD
$FD26
STD
$FD28
STD
$FD2A
STD
$FD2C
STD
$FD2E
STD
$FD30
PULB
PULA
RTS
READ192:
;This routine triggers the QSPI microsequencer to autonomously
;trigger conversions on all 8 channels of the MAX192. Each
;conversion result is stored in the receive data RAM.
PSHA
LDAA #$80
ORAA SPCR1
STAA SPCR1
;just set SPE
PULA
RTS
***** Interrupts/Exceptions *****
BDM: BGND
;exception vectors point here
;and put the user in background debug mode
Figure 20. MAX192 Assembly-Code Listing (continued)
22
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
MAX192
CS
••••
••••
SCLK
••••
SSTRB
DIN
••••
Figure 21. QSPI Assembly-Code Timing
CS
XF
SCLK
CLKX
TMS320
MAX192
CLKR
DX
DIN
DR
DOUT
FSR
SSTRB
Figure 22. MAX192 to TMS320 Serial Interface
CS
SCLK
DIN
START
SEL2
SEL1
SEL0
UNI/BIP SGL/DIF
PD1
PD0
HIGH
IMPEDANCE
SSTRB
DOUT
MSB
B10
S1
S0
HIGH
IMPEDANCE
Figure 23. TMS320 Serial-Interface Timing Diagram
______________________________________________________________________________________
23
Low-Power, 8-Channel,
Serial 10-Bit ADC
MAX192
Typical Operating Circuit
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 2278
+5V
CH0
0V to
4.096V
ANALOG
INPUTS
VDD
VDD
DGND
AGND
C3
0.1µF
C4
0.1µF
CPU
CH7 MAX192 AGND
CS
SCLK
VREF
C1
4.7µF
DIN
DOUT
REFADJ
C2
0.01µF
I/O
SCK (SK)*
MOSI (SO)
MISO (SI)
SSTRB
SHDN
VSS
SSOP.EPS
Package Information
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
24 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
© 1997 Maxim Integrated Products
Printed USA
is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.