LIN D O C #: 8117 LX8117-xx/8117A-xx/8117B-xx 0.8, 1 & 1.2A L O W D R O P O U T P O S I T I V E R E G U L AT O R S T H E I N F I N I T E P O W E R O F I P N N O VA T I O N R O D U C T I O N DESCRIPTION The LX8117/8117A/8117B series are positive Low Dropout (LDO) regulators. At the designed maximum load current, the LX8117 series dropout voltage is guaranteed to be 1.2V or lower at 0.8A (LX8117A 1.3V @ 1A). The dropout voltage decreases with load current. An adjustable output voltage version of the LX8117/17A/17B is available, as well as versions with fixed outputs of 2.5V, 2.85V, 3.3V and 5V. The 2.85V version is specifically designed for use as a component of active termination networks for the SCSI bus. On-chip trimming of the internal voltage reference allows specification of the initial output voltage to within ±1% of its nominal value. The output current-limit point is also trimmed, which helps to minimize stress on both the regulator and the system power source when they are operated under short-circuit conditions. The regulator's internal circuitry will D A T A S H E E T K E Y F E AT U R E S operate at input-to-output differential voltages down to 1V. Most regulator circuit designs include output capacitors with values in the range of tens to hundreds of microfarads or more. The LX8117/17A/17B typically requires at least 10µF of output capacitance for stable operation. PNP-type regulators can waste current equal to as much as 10 percent of their output as a quiescent current which flows directly to ground, bypassing the load. Quiescent current from the LX8117/17A/ 17B flows through the load, increasing power-use efficiency and allowing cooler operation. The LX8117 is available in low-profile plastic SOT-223 and D-Pak packages for applications where space is at a premium. The LX8117 is also available in a plastic TO-263 package for instances when the thermal resistance from the circuit die to the environment must be minimized. NOTE: For current data & package dimensions, visit our web site: http://www.linfinity.com. PRODUCT HIGHLIGHT ACTIVE TERMINATOR FOR SCSI-2 BUS 110Ω ■ 0.2% Line Regulation Maximum ■ 0.4% Load Regulation Maximum ■ Output Current Of 800mA ■ Regulates Down To 1.2V Dropout (LX8117) And 1.3V Dropout (LX8117A) ■ Operates Down To 1V Dropout ■ Space Saving SOT-223 Surface Mount Package ■ Guaranteed Dropout Voltage At Multiple Current Levels ■ Three-Terminal Adjustable Or Fixed 2.5V, 2.85V, 3.3V & 5V A P P L I C AT I O N S ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Battery Chargers Active SCSI Terminators 5V To 3.3V Linear Regulators High-Efficiency Linear Regulators Post Regulators For Switching Supplies A VA I L A B L E O P T I O N S PER Part # P A RT # Output Voltage LX8117/8117A/8117B-00 LX8117/8117A/8117B-25 Adjustable 2.5V LX8117/8117A/8117B-28 LX8117/8117A/8117B-33 LX8117/8117A/8117B-05 2.85V 3.3V 5V 110Ω LX8117-28 IN 110Ω OUT 18 to 27 Lines GND 4.75V to 5.25V 22µF 10µF 110Ω PA C K A G E O R D E R I N F O R M AT I O N TA (°C) 0 to 125 O/P Current SOT-223 ST Plastic 3-pin T0-263 DD Plastic 3-pin T0-252 DT Plastic (D-Pak) 3-pin 0.8A LX8117-xxCST LX8117-xxCDD LX8117-xxCDT 1.0A LX8117A-xxCST LX8117A-xxCDD LX8117A-xxCDT 1.2A LX8117B-xxCST LX8117B-xxCDD LX8117B-xxCDT Note: All surface-mount packages are available in Tape & Reel. Append the letter "T" to part number (i.e. LX8117-28CSTT). "xx" refers to output voltage, please see table above. Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.4 3/99 LINFINITY MICROELECTRONICS INC. 11861 W ESTERN A VENUE, G ARDEN G ROVE, CA. 92841, 714-898-8121, F AX: 714-893-2570 1 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 LX8117-xx/8117A-xx/8117B-xx 0.8, 1 & 1.2A L O W D R O P O U T P O S I T I V E R E G U L AT O R S P R O D U C T I O N A B S O LUT E M AXIM UM R ATINGS D A T A S H E E T PACKAGE PIN OUTS (Note 1) Power Dissipation .................................................................................. Internally Limited Input Voltage LX8117-00/8117A-00/8117B-00 (Adj.) ..................................................................... 15V LX8117-33/8117A-33/8117B-33 (3.3V), LX8117-05/8117A-05/8117B-05 (5.0V) .... 15V LX8117-25/8117A-25/8117B-25 (2.5V), LX8117-28/8117A-28/8117B-28 (2.85V) .. 12V Surge Voltage ............................................................................................................... 15V Operating Junction Temperature Plastic (ST, DD & DT Packages) .......................................................................... 150°C Storage Temperature Range ...................................................................... -65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) ............................................................. 300°C Short-Circuit Protection ....................................................................................... Indefinite TAB IS V OUT 3. IN 2. OUT 1. ADJ / GND ST PACKAGE (Top View) TAB IS VOUT Note 1. Exceeding these ratings could cause damage to the device. All voltages are with respect to Ground. Currents are positive into, negative out of the specified terminal. T H E R MAL DATA ST PACKAGE: THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO TAB, θJT 15°C/W THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO AMBIENT, θ JA 3 IN 2 OUT 1 ADJ / GND DD PACKAGE (D2 Pak) (Top View) *150°C/W DD PACKAGE: THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO TAB, θJT 10°C/W THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO AMBIENT, θ JA TAB IS V OUT *60°C/W 3. IN DT PACKAGE: THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO TAB, θJC 2. OUT 9°C/W THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO AMBIENT, θ JA *80°C/W 1. ADJ / GND Junction Temperature Calculation: TJ = TA + (PD x θJA). The θJA numbers are guidelines for the thermal performance of the device/pc-board system. All of the above assume no ambient airflow. * θ JAcan be improved with package soldered to 0.5IN2 copper area over backside ground plane or internal power plane. θJAcan vary from 20ºC/W to > 40ºC/W depending on mounting technique. (See Application Notes Section: Thermal Considerations) DT PACKAGE (D-Pak) (Top View) BLOCK D IA GR A M VIN Bias Circuit Thermal Limit Circuit Bandgap Circuit Control Circuit Output Circuit VOUT ADJ 2 Current Limit Circuit Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.4 3/99 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 LX8117-xx/8117A-xx/8117B-xx 0.8, 1 & 1.2A L O W D R O P O U T P O S I T I V E R E G U L AT O R S P R O D U C T I O N D A T A S H E E T R E C O M M E N D E D O P E R AT I N G C O N D I T I O N S Parameter Symbol (Note 2) Recommended Operating Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Input Voltage Operating Voltage LX8117(A/B)-00 / 8117(A/B)-05 LX8117(A/B)-25 / -28 / -33 Input-Output Differential LX8117(A/B)-00 Operating Ambient Temperature Range Units 15 12 10 125 0 V V V °C Note 2. Range over which the device is functional. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Unless otherwise specified: 0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, IMAX = 0.8A for the LX8117-xx, I MAX = 1.0A for the LX8117A-xx, and IMAX = 1.2A for the LX8117B-xx.) LX8117-00 / 8117A-00 / 8117B-00 (Adjustable) Parameter Reference Voltage Line Regulation (Note 3) Load Regulation (Note 3) Dropout Voltage (Note 4) LX8117-00 LX8117A/B-00 Current Limit LX8117-00 LX8117A-00 LX8117B-00 Minimum Load Current (Note 5) Thermal Regulation Ripple Rejection Adjust Pin Current Adjust Pin Current Change Temperature Stability Long Term Stability RMS Output Noise (% of VOUT) Symbol Test Conditions VREF IOUT = 10mA, (VIN - VOUT) = 2V, TJ = 25°C 10mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IOUT (MAX), 1.4V ≤ (VIN - VOUT ) ≤ 10V ∆VREF(VIN) IOUT = 10mA, 1.5V ≤ (VIN - VOUT ) ≤ 7V ∆VREF (IOUT) (VIN - VOUT) = 3V, 10mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IOUT (MAX) ∆V IOUT = 100mA IOUT = 500mA IOUT = IOUT (MAX) I OUT = IOUT (MAX) IOUT (MAX) (VIN - VOUT) = 5V, TJ = 25°C (VIN - VOUT) = 5V, TJ = 25°C (VIN - VOUT) = 5V, TJ = 25°C I OUT (MIN) VIN ≤ 10V ∆VOUT (Pwr) TA = 25°C, 30ms pulse fRIPPLE =120Hz, (VIN - V OUT) = 3V, VRIPPLE = 1Vp-p I ADJ ∆IADJ 10mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IOUT (MAX) , 1.4V ≤ (VIN - VOUT) ≤ 10V ∆VOUT (T) ∆VOUT (t) TA = 125°C, 1000 hours VOUT (RMS) 10Hz ≤ f ≤ 10kHz LX8117 / 17A / 17B-00 Min. Typ. Max. 1.238 1.225 800 1000 1200 60 1.250 1.250 0.05 0.15 0.97 1.00 1.05 1.15 950 1200 1500 0.5 0.08 75 45 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.003 1.262 1.270 0.2 0.4 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.30 5 0.2 100 5 Units V V % % V V V V mA mA mA mA %/W dB µA µA % % % Notes: 3. See thermal regulation specification for changes in output voltage due to heating effects. Load regulation and line regulation are measured at a constant junction temperature by low duty cycle pulse testing. 4. Dropout voltage is specified over the full output current range of the device. Dropout voltage is defined as the minimum input/output differential measured at the specified output current. Test points and limits are also shown on the Dropout Voltage Curve. 5. Minimum load current is defined as the minimum output current required to maintain regulation. (Other Voltage Options on following pages.) Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.4 3/99 3 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 LX8117-xx/8117A-xx/8117B-xx 0.8, 1 & 1.2A L O W D R O P O U T P O S I T I V E R E G U L AT O R S P R O D U C T I O N D A T A S H E E T ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) LX8117-25 / 8117A-25 / 8117B-25 (2.5V Fixed) Parameter Output Voltage Test Conditions VOUT Line Regulation (Note 3) Load Regulation (Note 3) Dropout Voltage (Note 4) Current Limit Symbol LX8117-25 LX8117A/B-25 LX8117-25 LX8117A-25 LX8117B-25 Quiescent Current Thermal Regulation Ripple Rejection Temperature Stability Long Term Stability RMS Output Noise (% of VOUT) IOUT = 10mA, VIN = 5V, TA = 25°C 0mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IOUT (MAX) , 4.75V ≤ VIN ≤ 10V ∆V OUT(VIN) IOUT = 0mA, 4.25V ≤ VIN ≤ 10V ∆VOUT (IOUT) VIN = 4.25V, 0mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IOUT (MAX) ∆V IOUT = 100mA IOUT = 500mA IOUT = IOUT (MAX) I OUT = IOUT (MAX) IOUT (MAX) (VIN - VOUT) = 5V, TJ = 25°C (VIN - VOUT) = 5V, TJ = 25°C (VIN - VOUT) = 5V, TJ = 25°C IQ VIN ≤ 10V ∆VOUT (Pwr) TA = 25°C, 30ms pulse fRIPPLE =120Hz, (VIN - V OUT) = 3V, VRIPPLE = 1Vp-p ∆VOUT (T) ∆VOUT (t) TA = 125°C, 1000 hours VOUT (RMS) 10Hz ≤ f ≤ 10kHz LX8117 / 17A / 17B-25 Min. Typ. Max. 2.475 2.450 800 1000 1200 60 2.500 2.500 1 2 0.97 1.00 1.05 1.15 950 1200 1500 4.5 0.08 75 0.5 0.3 0.003 2.525 2.550 6 10 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.30 10 0.2 Units V V mV mV V V V V mA mA mA mA %/W dB % % % LX8117-28 / 8117A-28 / 8117B-28 (2.8V Fixed) Parameter Output Voltage VOUT Line Regulation (Note 3) Load Regulation (Note 3) Dropout Voltage (Note 4) Current Limit Symbol LX8117-28 LX8117A/B-28 LX8117-28 LX8117A-28 LX8117B-28 Quiescent Current Thermal Regulation Ripple Rejection Temperature Stability Long Term Stability RMS Output Noise (% of VOUT) Test Conditions IOUT = 10mA, VIN = 4.85V, TA = 25°C 0mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IOUT (MAX) , 4.25V ≤ VIN ≤ 10V 0mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 500mA, VIN = 3.95V ∆V OUT(VIN) IOUT = 0mA, 4.25V ≤ VIN ≤ 10V ∆VOUT (IOUT) VIN = 4.25V, 0mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IOUT (MAX) ∆V IOUT = 100mA IOUT = 500mA IOUT = IOUT (MAX) I OUT = IOUT (MAX) IOUT (MAX) (VIN - VOUT) = 5V, TJ = 25°C (VIN - VOUT) = 5V, TJ = 25°C (VIN - VOUT) = 5V, TJ = 25°C IQ VIN ≤ 10V ∆VOUT (Pwr) TA = 25°C, 30ms pulse fRIPPLE =120Hz, (VIN - V OUT) = 3V, VRIPPLE = 1Vp-p ∆VOUT (T) ∆VOUT (t) TA = 125°C, 1000 hours VOUT (RMS) 10Hz ≤ f ≤ 10kHz LX8117 / 17A / 17B-28 Min. Typ. Max. 2.820 2.790 2.790 800 1000 1200 60 2.850 2.850 2.850 1 2 0.97 1.00 1.05 1.15 950 1200 1500 4.5 0.08 75 0.5 0.3 0.003 2.880 2.910 2.910 6 10 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.30 10 0.2 Units V V V mV mV V V V V mA mA mA mA %/W dB % % % Notes: 3. See thermal regulation specification for changes in output voltage due to heating effects. Load regulation and line regulation are measured at a constant junction temperature by low duty cycle pulse testing. 4. Dropout voltage is specified over the full output current range of the device. Dropout voltage is defined as the minimum input/output differential measured at the specified output current. Test points and limits are also shown on the Dropout Voltage Curve. 5. Minimum load current is defined as the minimum output current required to maintain regulation. 4 Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.4 3/99 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 LX8117-xx/8117A-xx/8117B-xx 0.8, 1 & 1.2A L O W D R O P O U T P O S I T I V E R E G U L AT O R S P R O D U C T I O N D A T A S H E E T ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) LX8117-33 / 8117A-33 / 8117B-33 (3.3V Fixed) Parameter Output Voltage Test Conditions V OUT Line Regulation (Note 3) Load Regulation (Note 3) Dropout Voltage (Note 4) Current Limit Symbol LX8117-33 LX8117A/B-33 LX8117-33 LX8117A-33 LX8117B-33 Quiescent Current Thermal Regulation Ripple Rejection Temperature Stability Long Term Stability RMS Output Noise (% of VOUT) IOUT = 10mA, VIN = 5V, TA = 25°C 0mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IOUT (MAX) , 4.75V ≤ VIN ≤ 10V ∆V OUT(VIN) IOUT = 0mA, 4.25V ≤ VIN ≤ 10V ∆V OUT (IOUT) VIN = 4.25V, 0mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IOUT (MAX) ∆V IOUT = 100mA IOUT = 500mA IOUT = IOUT (MAX) IOUT = IOUT (MAX) I OUT (MAX) (VIN - VOUT ) = 5V, TJ = 25°C (VIN - VOUT ) = 5V, TJ = 25°C (VIN - VOUT ) = 5V, TJ = 25°C IQ VIN ≤ 10V ∆V OUT (Pwr) TA = 25°C, 30ms pulse fRIPPLE =120Hz, (VIN - VOUT ) = 3V, VRIPPLE = 1Vp-p ∆VOUT (T) ∆VOUT (t) TA = 125°C, 1000 hours VOUT (RMS) 10Hz ≤ f ≤ 10kHz LX8117 / 17A / 17B-33 Min. Typ. Max. 3.267 3.235 800 1000 1200 60 3.300 3.300 1 2 0.97 1.00 1.05 1.15 950 1200 1500 4.5 0.08 75 0.5 0.3 0.003 3.333 3.365 6 10 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.30 10 0.2 Units V V mV mV V V V V mA mA mA mA %/W dB % % % LX8117-05 / 8117A-05 / 8117B-05 (5.0V Fixed) Parameter Output Voltage V OUT Line Regulation (Note 3) Load Regulation (Note 3) Dropout Voltage (Note 4) Current Limit Symbol LX8117-05 LX8117A/B-05 LX8117-05 LX8117A-05 LX8117B-05 Quiescent Current Thermal Regulation Ripple Rejection Temperature Stability Long Term Stability RMS Output Noise (% of VOUT) Test Conditions IOUT = 10mA, VIN = 7V, TA = 25°C 0mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IOUT (MAX) , 6.50V ≤ VIN ≤ 10V ∆V OUT(VIN) IOUT = 0mA, 6.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 10V ∆V OUT (IOUT) VIN = 6.5V, 0mA ≤ IOUT ≤ IOUT (MAX) ∆V IOUT = 100mA IOUT = 500mA IOUT = IOUT (MAX) IOUT = IOUT (MAX) I OUT (MAX) (VIN - VOUT ) = 5V, TJ = 25°C (VIN - VOUT ) = 5V, TJ = 25°C (VIN - VOUT ) = 5V, TJ = 25°C IQ VIN ≤ 10V ∆V OUT (Pwr) TA = 25°C, 30ms pulse fRIPPLE =120Hz, (VIN - VOUT ) = 3V, VRIPPLE = 1Vp-p ∆VOUT (T) ∆VOUT (t) TA = 125°C, 1000 hours VOUT (RMS) 10Hz ≤ f ≤ 10kHz LX8117 / 17A / 17B-05 Min. Typ. Max. 4.950 4.900 800 1000 1200 60 5.000 5.000 1 2.5 0.97 1.00 1.05 1.15 950 1200 1500 4.5 0.08 75 0.5 0.3 0.003 5.050 5.100 10 15 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.30 10 0.2 Units V V mV mV V V V V mA mA mA mA %/W dB % % % Notes: 3. See thermal regulation specification for changes in output voltage due to heating effects. Load regulation and line regulation are measured at a constant junction temperature by low duty cycle pulse testing. 4. Dropout voltage is specified over the full output current range of the device. Dropout voltage is defined as the minimum input/output differential measured at the specified output current. Test points and limits are also shown on the Dropout Voltage Curve. 5. Minimum load current is defined as the minimum output current required to maintain regulation. Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.4 3/99 5 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 LX8117-xx/8117A-xx/8117B-xx 0.8, 1 & 1.2A L O W D R O P O U T P O S I T I V E R E G U L AT O R S P R O D U C T I O N D A T A S H E E T A P P L I C AT I O N N O T E S The LX8117 series ICs are easy to use Low-Dropout (LDO) voltage regulators. They have all of the standard self-protection features expected of a voltage regulator: short circuit protection, safe operating area protection and automatic thermal shutdown if the device temperature rises above approximately 165°C. Use of an output capacitor is REQUIRED with the LX8117 series. Please see the table below for recommended minimum capacitor values. These regulators offer a more tightly controlled reference voltage tolerance and superior reference stability when measured against the older pin-compatible regulator types that they replace. STABILITY The output capacitor is part of the regulator’s frequency compensation system. Many types of capacitors are available, with different capacitance value tolerances, capacitance temperature coefficients, and equivalent series impedances. For all operating conditions, connection of a 220µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor or a 47µF solid tantalum capacitor between the output terminal and ground will guarantee stable operation. If a bypass capacitor is connected between the output voltage adjust (ADJ) pin and ground, ripple rejection will be improved (please see the section entitled “RIPPLE REJECTION”). When ADJ pin bypassing is used, the required output capacitor value increases. Output capacitor values of 220µF (aluminum) or 47µF (tantalum) provide for all cases of bypassing the ADJ pin. If an ADJ pin bypass capacitor is not used, smaller output capacitor values are adequate. The table below shows recommended minimum capacitance values for stable operation. RECOMMENDED CAPACITOR VALUES INPUT OUTPUT ADJ 10µF 10µF 15µF Tantalum, 100µF Aluminum 47µF Tantalum, 220µF Aluminum None 15µF In order to ensure good transient response from the power supply system under rapidly changing current load conditions, designers generally use several output capacitors connected in parallel. Such an arrangement serves to minimize the effects of the parasitic resistance (ESR) and inductance (ESL) that are present in all capacitors. Cost-effective solutions that sufficiently limit ESR and ESL effects generally result in total capacitance values in the range of hundreds to thousands of microfarads, which is more than adequate to meet regulator output capacitor specifications. Output capacitance values may be increased without limit. The circuit shown in Figure 1 can be used to observe the transient response characteristics of the regulator in a power system under changing loads. The effects of different capacitor types and values on transient response parameters, such as overshoot and undershoot, can be quickly compared in order to develop an optimum solution. 6 Power Supply IN LX8117-xx OUT Full Load (Smaller resistor) ADJ C1 Minumum Load (Larger resistor) C2 Star Ground RDSON << RL 10ms 1 sec FIGURE 1 — DYNAMIC INPUT and OUTPUT TEST OVERLOAD RECOVERY Like almost all IC power regulators, the LX8117 regulators are equipped with Safe Operating Area (SOA) protection. The SOA circuit limits the regulator's maximum output current to progressively lower values as the input-to-output voltage difference increases. By limiting the maximum output current, the SOA circuit keeps the amount of power that is dissipated in the regulator itself within safe limits for all values of input-to-output voltage within the operating range of the regulator. The LX8117 SOA protection system is designed to be able to supply some output current for all values of input-to-output voltage, up to the device breakdown voltage. Under some conditions, a correctly operating SOA circuit may prevent a power supply system from returning to regulated operation after removal of an intermittent short circuit at the output of the regulator. This is a normal mode of operation which can be seen in most similar products, including older devices such as 7800 series regulators. It is most likely to occur when the power system input voltage is relatively high and the load impedance is relatively low. When the power system is started “cold”, both the input and output voltages are very close to zero. The output voltage closely follows the rising input voltage, and the input-to-output voltage difference is small. The SOA circuit therefore permits the regulator to supply large amounts of current as needed to develop the designed voltage level at the regulator output. Now consider the case where the regulator is supplying regulated voltage to a resistive load under steady state conditions. A moderate input-to-output voltage appears across the regulator but the voltage difference is small enough that the SOA circuitry allows sufficient current to flow through the regulator to develop the designed output voltage across the load resistance. If the output resistor is short-circuited to ground, the input-to-output voltage difference across the regulator suddenly becomes larger by the amount of voltage that had appeared across the load resistor. The SOA circuit reads the increased input-tooutput voltage, and cuts back the amount of current that it will permit the regulator to supply to its output terminal. When the short circuit across the output resistor is removed, all the regulator output current will again flow through the output resistor. The maximum current that the regulator can supply to the resistor will be limited by the SOA circuit, based on the large input-to-output voltage across the regulator at the time the short circuit is removed from the output. Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.4 3/99 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 LX8117-xx/8117A-xx/8117B-xx 0.8, 1 & 1.2A L O W D R O P O U T P O S I T I V E R E G U L AT O R S P R O D U C T I O N D A T A S H E E T A P P L I C AT I O N N O T E S OVERLOAD RECOVERY (continued) If this limited current is not sufficient to develop the designed voltage across the output resistor, the voltage will stabilize at some lower value, and will never reach the designed value. Under these circumstances, it may be necessary to cycle the input voltage down to zero in order to make the regulator output voltage return to regulation. C = 1 / (6.28 * FR * R1) ≡ the value of the capacitor in Farads; select an equal or larger standard value. FR ≡ the ripple frequency in Hz R1 ≡ the value of resistor R1 in ohms where: C At a ripple frequency of 120Hz, with R1 = 100Ω: C = 1 / (6.28 * 120Hz * 100Ω) = 13.3µF The closest equal or larger standard value should be used, in this case, 15µF. When an ADJ pin bypass capacitor is used, output ripple amplitude will be essentially independent of the output voltage. If an ADJ pin bypass capacitor is not used, output ripple will be proportional to the ratio of the output voltage to the reference voltage: M = VOUT/VREF where: M VREF ≡ a multiplier for the ripple seen when the ADJ pin is optimally bypassed. = 1.25V. For example, if VOUT = 2.5V the output ripple will be: M = 2.5V/1.25V= 2 LX8117-xx OUT ADJ R1 R2 FIGURE 2 — BASIC ADJUSTABLE REGULATOR LOAD REGULATION Because the LX8117 regulators are three-terminal devices, it is not possible to provide true remote load sensing. Load regulation will be limited by the resistance of the wire connecting the regulator to the load. The data sheet specification for load regulation is measured at the bottom of the package. Negative side sensing is a true Kelvin connection, with the bottom of the output divider returned to the negative side of the load. Although it may not be immediately obvious, best load regulation is obtained when the top of the resistor divider, (R1), is connected directly to the case of the regulator, not to the load. This is illustrated in Figure 3. If R1 were connected to the load, the effective resistance between the regulator and the load would be: RPeff = RP * R2+R1 R1 where: RP ≡ Actual parasitic line resistance. When the circuit is connected as shown in Figure 3, the parasitic resistance appears as its actual value, rather than the higher RPeff. VIN RP Parasitic LX8117-xx Line Resistance OUT IN ADJ Connect R1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE R2 Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.4 3/99 VREF VOUT = VREF 1 + R2 + IADJ R2 R1 Output ripple will be twice as bad as it would be if the ADJ pin were to be bypassed to ground with a properly selected capacitor. The LX8117 ICs develop a 1.25V reference voltage between the output and the adjust terminal (See Figure 2). By placing a resistor, R1, between these two terminals, a constant current is caused to flow through R1 and down through R2 to set the overall output voltage. Normally this current is the specified minimum load current of 10mA. Because IADJ is very small and constant when compared with the current through R1, it represents a small error and can usually be ignored. VOUT IADJ 50µA RIPPLE REJECTION Ripple rejection can be improved by connecting a capacitor between the ADJ pin and ground. The value of the capacitor should be chosen so that the impedance of the capacitor is equal in magnitude to the resistance of R1 at the ripple frequency. The capacitor value can be determined by using this equation: IN VIN R1 to Case of Regulator RL Connect R2 to Load FIGURE 3 — CONNECTIONS FOR BEST LOAD REGULATION 7 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 LX8117-xx/8117A-xx/8117B-xx 0.8, 1 & 1.2A L O W D R O P O U T P O S I T I V E R E G U L AT O R S P R O D U C T I O N D A T A S H E E T A P P L I C AT I O N N O T E S LOAD REGULATION (continued) THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS (continued) Even when the circuit is optimally configured, parasitic resistance can be a significant source of error. A 100 mil (2.54 mm) wide PC trace built from 1 oz. copper-clad circuit board material has a parasitic resistance of about 5 milliohms per inch of its length at room temperature. If a 3-terminal regulator used to supply 2.50 volts is connected by 2 inches of this trace to a load which draws 5 amps of current, a 50 millivolt drop will appear between the regulator and the load. Even when the regulator output voltage is precisely 2.50 volts, the load will only see 2.45 volts, which is a 2% error. It is important to keep the connection between the regulator output pin and the load as short as possible, and to use wide traces or heavy-gauge wire. The minimum specified output capacitance for the regulator should be located near the reglator package. If several capacitors are used in parallel to construct the power system output capacitance, any capacitors beyond the minimum needed to meet the specified requirements of the regulator should be located near the sections of the load that require rapidly-changing amounts of current. Placing capacitors near the sources of load transients will help ensure that power system transient response is not impaired by the effects of trace impedance. To maintain good load regulation, wide traces should be used on the input side of the regulator, especially between the input capacitors and the regulator. Input capacitor ESR must be small enough that the voltage at the input pin does not drop below VIN (MIN) during transients. Example Given: VIN = 5.0V ±5%, VOUT = 2.5V ±3% IOUT = 0.5A, TA = 55°C, TJ = 125°C RθJT = 15°C/W, RθTS = 5°C/W VIN (MIN) = VOUT + VDROPOUT (MAX) ≡ the lowest allowable instantaneous voltage at the input pin. ≡ the designed output voltage for the VOUT power supply system. VDROPOUT (MAX) ≡ the specified dropout voltage for the installed regulator. where: VIN (MIN) THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS The LX8117 regulators have internal power and thermal limiting circuitry designed to protect each device under overload conditions. For continuous normal load conditions, however, maximum junction temperature ratings must not be exceeded. It is important to give careful consideration to all sources of thermal resistance from junction to ambient. This includes junction to case, case to heat sink interface, and heat sink thermal resistance itself. Find: The size of a square area of 1oz. copper circuitboard trace-foil that will serve as a heatsink, adequate to maintain the junction temperature of the LX8117 in the ST (SOT-223) package within specified limits. Solution: The junction temperature is: TJ = PD (RθJT + RθCS + R θSA) + TA where: PD ≡ Dissipated power. RθJT ≡ Thermal resistance from the junction to the mounting tab of the package. RθTS ≡ Thermal resistance through the interface between the IC and the surface on which it is mounted. RθSA ≡ Thermal resistance from the mounting surface of the heatsink to ambient. TS ≡ Heat sink temperature. TJ TC Rq JT TS Rq CS TA Rq SA First, find the maximum allowable thermal resistance of the heat sink: PD = [[VIN * (1 + TolVIN )] - [VOUT * (1 - TolVOUT)]] * IOUT PD = 1.4W RθSA = TJ - TA - (RθJT + R θTS) , PD RθSA = 29.6°C/W A test was conducted to determine the thermal characteristics of 1 oz. copper circuit-board trace material. The following equation describes the observed relationship between the area of a square copper pad, and the thermal resistance from the tab of a SOT-223 package soldered at the center of the pad to ambient. 3.1°C/W in 2 AreaSINK = R θSA - 22.3°C/W Substituting the value for RθSA calculated above, we find that a square pad with area: AreaSINK = 0.43 in2 (0.66" x 0.66"), 280mm 2 (17 x 17 mm) will be required to maintain the LX8117 junction temperature within specified limits. 8 Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.4 3/99 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 LX8117-xx/8117A-xx/8117B-xx 0.8, 1 & 1.2A L O W D R O P O U T P O S I T I V E R E G U L AT O R S P R O D U C T I O N D S A T A H E E T T Y P I C A L A P P L I C AT I O N S (Note A) VIN 10µF LX8117-xx OUT IN ADJ * C1 improves ripple rejection. XC should be ≈ R1 at ripple frequency. 5V R1 121Ω 1% R2 365Ω 1% VOUT VIN IN (Note A) LX8117-xx OUT ADJ C1* 10µF 150µF VOUT** R1 121Ω R2 1k C1 10µF* C2 100µF * Needed if device is far from filter capacitors. ** VOUT = 1.25V 1 + R2 R1 FIGURE 4 — IMPROVING RIPPLE REJECTION FIGURE 5 — 1.2V - 8V ADJUSTABLE REGULATOR LX8117-33 VIN OUT IN 10µF Tantalum or 100µF Aluminum GND 3.3V Min. 15µF Tantalum or 100µF Aluminum capacitor. May be increased without limit. ESR must be less than 50mΩ. FIGURE 6 — FIXED 3.3V OUTPUT REGULATOR Note A: VIN (MIN) = (Intended VOUT) + (VDROPOUT (MAX)) PRODUCTION DATA - Information contained in this document is proprietary to Linfinity, and is current as of publication date. This document may not be modified in any way without the express written consent of Linfinity. Product processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Linfinity reserves the right to change the configuration and performance of the product and to discontinue product at any time. Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.4 3/99 9