DRV8828 www.ti.com SLVSA11C – OCTOBER 2009 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010 H-BRIDGE MOTOR CONTROLLER IC Check for Samples: DRV8828 FEATURES APPLICATIONS • • • • • • • • • • 1 2 • • • • • Single H-Bridge Current-Control Motor Driver – Capable of Driving One Winding of a Bipolar Stepper or One DC Motor – Five-Bit Winding Current Control Allows Up to 32 Current Levels – Low MOSFET On-Resistance 3-A Maximum Drive Current at 24 V, 25°C Built-In 3.3-V Reference Output Parallel Digital Control Interface 8-V to 45-V Operating Supply Voltage Range Thermally Enhanced Surface Mount Package Automatic Teller Machines Money Handling Machines Video Security Cameras Printers Scanners Office Automation Machines Gaming Machines Factory Automation Robotics DESCRIPTION The DRV8828 provides an integrated motor driver solution for printers, scanners, and other automated equipment applications. The device has one H-bridge driver, and can drive one winding of a bipolar stepper motor or one DC motor. The output driver block consists of N-channel power MOSFET’s configured as a full H-bridge to drive the motor winding. The DRV8828 is capable of driving up to 3-A of output current (with proper heatsinking at 24 V and 25°C). A simple parallel digital control interface is compatible with industry-standard devices. Decay mode is programmable. Internal shutdown functions are provided for overcurrent protection, short circuit protection, undervoltage lockout and overtemperature. The DRV8828 is available in a 28-pin HTSSOP package with PowerPAD™ (Eco-friendly: RoHS & no Sb/Br). ORDERING INFORMATION (1) TA –40°C to 85°C (1) (2) PACKAGE (2) PowerPAD™ (HTSSOP) - PWP Reel of 2000 ORDERABLE PART NUMBER TOP-SIDE MARKING DRV8828PWPR 8828 For the most current packaging and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI web site at www.ti.com. Package drawings, thermal data, and symbolization are available at www.ti.com/packaging. 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated DRV8828 SLVSA11C – OCTOBER 2009 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010 www.ti.com DEVICE INFORMATION Functional Block Diagram VM VM Internal Int. VCC Reference & LS Gate Regs Drive CP1 0.01uF V3P3OUT Charge CP2 VM Pump 3.3V 3.3V VCP Thermal 0.1uF Shut down HS Gate VM Drive VREF VM VREF VM PHASE OUT1 ENBL OUT1 I0 + I1 Step DCM I2 Motor I3 Driver I4 Control Motor OUT2 + Logic - OUT2 DECAY nRESET nSLEEP ISEN nFAULT ISEN GND 2 GND Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): DRV8828 DRV8828 www.ti.com SLVSA11C – OCTOBER 2009 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010 Table 1. TERMINAL FUNCTIONS NAME PIN I/O (1) DESCRIPTION EXTERNAL COMPONENTS OR CONNECTIONS POWER AND GROUND GND 14, 28 - Device ground VM 4, 11 - Bridge power supply Connect to motor supply (8 - 45 V). Both pins must be connected to same supply. V3P3OUT 15 O 3.3-V regulator output Bypass to GND with a 0.47-mF 6.3-V ceramic capacitor. Can be used to supply VREF. CP1 1 IO Charge pump flying capacitor CP2 2 IO Charge pump flying capacitor Connect a 0.01-mF 50-V capacitor between CP1 and CP2. VCP 3 IO High-side gate drive voltage Connect a 0.1-mF 16-V ceramic capacitor to VM. ENBL 21 I Bridge enable Logic high to enable H-bridge PHASE 20 I Bridge phase (direction) Logic high sets OUT1 high, OUT2 low I0 23 I I1 24 I I2 25 I Current set inputs Sets winding current as a percentage of full-scale I3 26 I I4 27 I DECAY 19 I Decay mode Low = slow decay, open = mixed decay, high = fast decay nRESET 16 I Reset input Active-low reset input initializes internal logic and disables the H-bridge outputs 12, 13 I Current set reference input Reference voltage for winding current set. Both pins must be connected together on the PCB. A 0.01-µF bypass capacitor to GND is recommended. No connect Leave this pin unconnected. CONTROL VREF NC 22 STATUS 18 OD Fault Logic low when in fault condition (overtemp, overcurrent) ISEN 6, 9 IO Bridge ground / Isense Connect to current sense resistor. Both pins must be connected together on the PCB. OUT1 5, 10 O Bridge output 1 OUT2 7, 8 O Bridge output 2 nFAULT OUTPUT (1) Connect to motor winding. Both pins must be connected together on the PCB. Directions: I = input, O = output, OZ = tri-state output, OD = open-drain output, IO = input/output PWP (HTSSOP) PACKAGE Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): DRV8828 3 DRV8828 SLVSA11C – OCTOBER 2009 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010 www.ti.com ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) VM VREF (1) (2) VALUE UNIT Power supply voltage range –0.3 to 47 V Digital pin voltage range –0.5 to 7 V Input voltage –0.3 to 4 V –0.3 to 0.8 V Internally limited A 3 A ISENSE pin voltage Peak motor drive output current, t < 1 mS Continuous motor drive output current (3) Continuous total power dissipation See Dissipation Ratings table TJ Operating virtual junction temperature range TA Tstg (1) (2) (3) –40 to 150 °C Operating ambient temperature range –40 to 85 °C Storage temperature range –60 to 150 °C Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute–maximum–rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage values are with respect to network ground terminal. Power dissipation and thermal limits must be observed. DISSIPATION RATINGS (PRELIMINARY) RqJA DERATING FACTOR ABOVE TA = 25°C TA < 25°C TA = 70°C TA = 85°C Low-K (1) 67.5°C/W 14.8 mW/°C 1.85 W 1.18 W 0.96 W Low-K (2) 39.5°C/W 25.3 mW/°C 3.16 W 2.02 W 1.64 W 33.5°C/W 29.8 mW/°C 3.73 W 2.38 W 1.94 W 28°C/W 35.7 mW/°C 4.46 W 2.85 W 2.32 W BOARD PACKAGE High-K (3) High-K (1) (2) (3) (4) PWP (4) The JEDEC Low-K board used to derive this data was a 76-mm x 114-mm, 2-layer, 1.6-mm thick PCB with no backside copper. The JEDEC Low-K board used to derive this data was a 76-mm x 114-mm, 2-layer, 1.6-mm thick PCB with 25-cm2 2-oz copper on back side. The JEDEC High-K board used to derive this data was a 76-mm x 114-mm, 4-layer, 1.6-mm thick PCB with no backside copper and solid 1-oz internal ground plane. The JEDEC High-K board used to derive this data was a 76-mm x 114-mm, 4-layer, 1.6-mm thick PCB with 25-cm2 1-oz copper on back side and solid 1-oz internal ground plane. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN VM Motor power supply voltage range (1) VREF VREF input voltage (2) IV3P3 V3P3OUT load current (1) (2) 4 NOM MAX UNIT 8.2 45 V 1 3.5 V 1 mA All VM pins must be connected to the same supply voltage. Operational at VREF between 0 V and 1 V, but accuracy is degraded. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): DRV8828 DRV8828 www.ti.com SLVSA11C – OCTOBER 2009 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT POWER SUPPLIES IVM VM operating supply current VM = 24 V, fPWM < 50 kHz 5 8 mA IVMQ VM sleep mode supply current VM = 24 V 10 20 mA VUVLO VM undervoltage lockout voltage VM rising 7.8 8.2 V V3P3OUT REGULATOR V3P3 V3P3OUT voltage IOUT = 0 to 1 mA, VM = 24 V, TJ = 25°C 3.18 3.30 3.42 IOUT = 0 to 1 mA 3.10 3.30 3.50 V LOGIC-LEVEL INPUTS VIL Input low voltage VIH Input high voltage 0.6 VHYS Input hysteresis IIL Input low current VIN = 0 20 mA IIH Input high current VIN = 3.3 V 100 mA 0.5 V 1 mA 0.8 V ±40 µA 2 0.7 V 5.25 V 0.45 –20 V nFAULT OUTPUT (OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUT) VOL Output low voltage IO = 5 mA IOH Output high leakage current VO = 3.3 V DECAY INPUT VIL Input low threshold voltage For slow decay mode VIH Input high threshold voltage For fast decay mode IIN Input current 2 V H-BRIDGE FETS RDS(ON) HS FET on resistance RDS(ON) LS FET on resistance IOFF Off-state leakage current VM = 24 V, I O = 1 A, TJ = 25°C 0.32 VM = 24 V, IO = 1 A, TJ = 85°C 0.39 VM = 24 V, IO = 1 A, TJ = 25°C 0.33 VM = 24 V, IO = 1 A, TJ = 85°C 0.39 –40 0.45 0.45 40 Ω Ω mA MOTOR DRIVER fPWM PWM frequency 50 kHz tBLANK Current sense blanking time tR Rise time VM = 24 V 100 360 ns tF Fall time VM = 24 V 80 250 ns tDEAD Dead time tDEG Input deglitch time 1.3 2.9 µs 3.6 10 A 180 °C 3 mA 685 mV 3.75 ms 400 ns PROTECTION CIRCUITS IOCP Overcurrent protection trip level tTSD Thermal shutdown temperature Die temperature 150 160 CURRENT CONTROL IREF VREF input current VREF = 3.3 V VTRIP ISENSE trip voltage VREF = 3.3 V, 100% current setting 635 VREF = 3.3V , 5% current setting –25 25 VREF = 3.3V , 10% - 34% current setting –15 15 VREF = 3.3 V, 38% - 67% current setting –10 10 VREF = 3.3 V, 71% - 100% current setting –5 5 ΔITRIP AISENSE Current trip accuracy (relative to programmed value) Current sense amplifier gain Reference only –3 660 5 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): DRV8828 % V/V 5 DRV8828 SLVSA11C – OCTOBER 2009 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010 www.ti.com FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION PWM Motor Drivers The DRV8828 contains one H-bridge motor driver with current-control PWM circuitry. A block diagram of the motor control circuitry is shown in Figure 1. A bipolar stepper motor is shown, but the driver can also drive a DC motor. Figure 1. Motor Control Circuitry Note that there are multiple VM, ISEN, OUT, and VREF pins. All like-named pins must be connected together on the PCB. Bridge Control The PHASE input pin controls the direction of current flow through the H-bridge. The ENBL input pin enables the H-bridge outputs when active high. Table 2 shows the logic. Table 2. H-Bridge Logic ENBL PHASE OUT1 OUT2 0 X Z Z 1 1 H L 1 0 L H Current Regulation The current through the motor winding is regulated by a fixed-frequency PWM current regulation, or current chopping. When the H-bridge is enabled, current rises through the winding at a rate dependent on the DC voltage and inductance of the winding. Once the current hits the current chopping threshold, the bridge disables the current until the beginning of the next PWM cycle. For stepping motors, current regulation is normally used at all times, and changing the current can be used to microstep the motor. For DC motors, current regulation is used to limit the start-up and stall current of the motor. The PWM chopping current in the bridge is set by a comparator which compares the voltage across a current sense resistor connected to the ISEN pin, multiplied by a factor of 5, with a reference voltage. The reference voltage is input from the xVREF pins, and is scaled by a 5-bit DAC that allows current settings of zero to 100% in an approximately sinusoidal sequence. 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): DRV8828 DRV8828 www.ti.com SLVSA11C – OCTOBER 2009 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010 The full-scale (100%) chopping current is calculated in Equation 1. VREFX ICHOP = 5¾ · RISENSE (1) Example: If a 0.5-Ω sense resistor is used and the VREFx pin is 3.3 V, the full-scale (100%) chopping current will be 3.3 V / (5 x 0.5 Ω) = 1.32 A. Five input pins (I0 - I4) are used to scale the current in the bridge as a percentage of the full-scale current set by the VREF input pin and sense resistance. The function of the pins is shown in Table 3. Table 3. H-Bridge Pin Functions I[4..0] RELATIVE CURRENT (% FULL-SCALE CHOPPING CURRENT) 0x00h 0% 0x01h 5% 0x02h 10% 0x03h 15% 0x04h 20% 0x05h 24% 0x06h 29% 0x07h 34% 0x08h 38% 0x09h 43% 0x0Ah 47% 0x0Bh 51% 0x0Ch 56% 0x0Dh 60% 0x0Eh 63% 0x0Fh 67% 0x10h 71% 0x11h 74% 0x12h 77% 0x13h 80% 0x14h 83% 0x15h 86% 0x16h 88% 0x17h 90% 0x18h 92% 0x19h 94% 0x1Ah 96% 0x1Bh 97% 0x1Ch 98% 0x1Dh 99% 0x1Eh 100% 0x1Fh 100% Decay Mode During PWM current chopping, the H-bridge is enabled to drive current through the motor winding until the PWM current chopping threshold is reached. This is shown in Figure 2 as case 1. The current flow direction shown indicates the state when the PHASE pin is high. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): DRV8828 7 DRV8828 SLVSA11C – OCTOBER 2009 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010 www.ti.com Once the chopping current threshold is reached, the H-bridge can operate in two different states, fast decay or slow decay. In fast decay mode, once the PWM chopping current level has been reached, the H-bridge reverses state to allow winding current to flow in a reverse direction. As the winding current approaches zero, the bridge is disabled to prevent any reverse current flow. Fast decay mode is shown in Figure 2 as case 2. In slow decay mode, winding current is re-circulated by enabling both of the low-side FETs in the bridge. This is shown in Figure 2 as case 3. Figure 2. Decay Mode The DRV8828 supports fast decay, slow decay and a mixed decay mode. Slow, fast, or mixed decay mode is selected by the state of the DECAY pin - logic low selects slow decay, open selects mixed decay operation, and logic high sets fast decay mode. Mixed decay mode begins as fast decay, but at a fixed period of time (75% of the PWM cycle) switches to slow decay mode for the remainder of the fixed PWM period. Blanking Time After the current is enabled in the H-bridge, the voltage on the ISEN pin is ignored for a fixed period of time before enabling the current sense circuitry. This blanking time is fixed at 3.75 ms. Note that the blanking time also sets the minimum on time of the PWM. 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): DRV8828 DRV8828 www.ti.com SLVSA11C – OCTOBER 2009 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010 nRESET and nSLEEP Operation The nRESET pin, when driven active low, resets the internal logic. It also disables the H-bridge drivers. All inputs are ignored while nRESET is active. Driving nSLEEP low will put the device into a low power sleep state. In this state, the H-bridge is disabled, the gate drive charge pump is stopped, the V3P3OUT regulator is disabled, and all internal clocks are stopped. In this state all inputs are ignored until nSLEEP returns inactive high. When returning from sleep mode, some time (approximately 1 ms) needs to pass before the motor driver becomes fully operational. Protection Circuits The DRV8828 is fully protected against undervoltage, overcurrent and overtemperature events. Overcurrent Protection (OCP) An analog current limit circuit on each FET limits the current through the FET by removing the gate drive. If this analog current limit persists for longer than the OCP time, all FETs in the H-bridge will be disabled and the nFAULT pin will be driven low. The device will remain disabled until either nRESET pin is applied, or VM is removed and re-applied. Overcurrent conditions on both high and low side devices; i.e., a short to ground, supply, or across the motor winding will all result in an overcurrent shutdown. Note that overcurrent protection does not use the current sense circuitry used for PWM current control, and is independent of the ISENSE resistor value or VREF voltage. Thermal Shutdown (TSD) If the die temperature exceeds safe limits, all FETs in the H-bridge will be disabled and the nFAULT pin will be driven low. Once the die temperature has fallen to a safe level operation will automatically resume. Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) If at any time the voltage on the VM pins falls below the undervoltage lockout threshold voltage, all circuitry in the device will be disabled and internal logic will be reset. Operation will resume when VM rises above the UVLO threshold. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): DRV8828 9 DRV8828 SLVSA11C – OCTOBER 2009 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010 www.ti.com THERMAL INFORMATION Thermal Protection The DRV8828 has thermal shutdown (TSD) as described above. If the die temperature exceeds approximately 150°C, the device will be disabled until the temperature drops to a safe level. Any tendency of the device to enter TSD is an indication of either excessive power dissipation, insufficient heatsinking, or too high an ambient temperature. Power Dissipation Power dissipation in the DRV8828 is dominated by the power dissipated in the output FET resistance, or RDS(ON). Average power dissipation when running a stepper motor can be roughly estimated by Equation 2. PTOT = 4 · RDS(ON) · (IOUT(RMS)) 2 (2) where PTOT is the total power dissipation, RDS(ON) is the resistance of each FET, and IOUT(RMS) is the RMS output current being applied to each winding. IOUT(RMS) is equal to the approximately 0.7x the full-scale output current setting. The factor of 4 comes from the fact that there are two motor windings, and at any instant two FETs are conducting winding current for each winding (one high-side and one low-side). The maximum amount of power that can be dissipated in the device is dependent on ambient temperature and heatsinking. Note that RDS(ON) increases with temperature, so as the device heats, the power dissipation increases. This must be taken into consideration when sizing the heatsink. Heatsinking The PowerPAD™ package uses an exposed pad to remove heat from the device. For proper operation, this pad must be thermally connected to copper on the PCB to dissipate heat. On a multi-layer PCB with a ground plane, this can be accomplished by adding a number of vias to connect the thermal pad to the ground plane. On PCBs without internal planes, copper area can be added on either side of the PCB to dissipate heat. If the copper area is on the opposite side of the PCB from the device, thermal vias are used to transfer the heat between top and bottom layers. For details about how to design the PCB, refer to TI application report SLMA002, " PowerPAD™ Thermally Enhanced Package" and TI application brief SLMA004, " PowerPAD™ Made Easy", available at www.ti.com. In general, the more copper area that can be provided, the more power can be dissipated. 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): DRV8828 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 8-Sep-2010 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Samples (Requires Login) DRV8828PWP ACTIVE HTSSOP PWP 28 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM Request Free Samples DRV8828PWPR ACTIVE HTSSOP PWP 28 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM Purchase Samples (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. 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Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 14-Jul-2012 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device DRV8828PWPR Package Package Pins Type Drawing SPQ HTSSOP 2000 PWP 28 Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) 330.0 16.4 Pack Materials-Page 1 6.9 B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 10.2 1.8 12.0 16.0 Q1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 14-Jul-2012 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) DRV8828PWPR HTSSOP PWP 28 2000 367.0 367.0 38.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46C and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48B. Buyers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. 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