LTC1485 Differential Bus Transceiver U DESCRIPTIO FEATURES ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ESD Protection over ±10kV Low Power: ICC = 1.8mA Typ 28ns Typical Driver Propagation Delays with 4ns Skew Designed for RS485 or RS422 Applications Single 5V Supply – 7V to 12V Bus Common-Mode Range Permits ±7V Ground Difference Between Devices on the Bus Thermal Shutdown Protection Power-Up/Down Glitch-Free Driver Outputs Driver Maintains High Impedance in Three-State or with the Power Off Combined Impedance of a Driver Output and Receiver Allows up to 32 Transceivers on the Bus 60mV Typical Input Hysteresis Pin Compatible with the SN75176A, DS75176A, and SN75LBC176 ■ The driver and receiver feature three-state outputs, with the driver outputs maintaining high impedance over the entire common-mode range. Excessive power dissipation caused by bus contention or faults is prevented by a thermal shutdown circuit which forces the driver outputs into a high impedance state. I/O pins are protected against multiple ESD strikes of over ±10kV. The receiver has a fail-safe feature which guarantees a high output state when the inputs are left open. S Low Power RS485/RS422 Transceiver Level Translator , LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. UO ■ The CMOS with Schottky design offers significant power savings over its bipolar counterpart without sacrificing ruggedness against overload or ESD damage. Both AC and DC specifications are guaranteed from – 40°C to 85°C and 4.75V to 5.25V supply voltage range. UO APPLICATI The LTC ®1485 is a low power differential bus/line transceiver designed for multipoint data transmission standard RS485 applications with extended common-mode range (12V to – 7V). It also meets the requirements of RS422. TYPICAL APPLICATI DE 5V 5V 3 8 8 LTC1485 LTC1485 6 6 DI 4 120Ω DRIVER 7 RO 1 120Ω 4000 FT 24 GAUGE TWISTED PAIR DRIVER RE RECEIVER 5 4 DI 7 RECEIVER 2 DE 3 5 1 RO 2 RE 1485 TA01 1 LTC1485 W U U W W W AXI U U ABSOLUTE PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO RATI GS (Note 1) Supply Voltage (VCC) .............................................. 12V Control Input Voltages ................... – 0.5V to VCC + 0.5V Control Input Currents ........................ – 50mA to 50mA Driver Input Voltages ..................... – 0.5V to VCC + 0.5V Driver Input Currents .......................... – 25mA to 25mA Driver Output Voltages ......................................... ±14V Receiver Input Voltages ........................................ ±14V Receiver Output Voltages .............. – 0.5V to VCC + 0.5V Operating Temperature Range LTC1485C............................................... 0°C to 70°C LTC1485I .......................................... – 40°C to 85°C Storage Temperature Range ................ – 65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.)................ 300°C ORDER PART NUMBER TOP VIEW RO 1 DE 3 8 VCC R RE 2 7 B 6 D DI 4 LTC1485CN8 LTC1485IN8 LTC1485CS8 LTC1485IS8 A 5 GND N8 PACKAGE S8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PLASTIC DIP 8-LEAD PLASTIC SOIC TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 100°C/ W (N) TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 150°C/ W (S) S8 PART MARKING 1485 1485I Consult factory for Military grade parts. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VCC = 5V (Notes 2, 3), unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL VOD1 VOD2 ∆VOD PARAMETER Differential Driver Output Voltage (Unloaded) Differential Driver Output Voltage (With Load) VINH VINL IIN1 IIN2 Change in Magnitude of Driver Differential Output Voltage for Complementary Output States Driver Common-Mode Output Voltage Change in Magnitude of Driver Common-Mode Output Voltage for Complementary Output States Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage Input Current Input Current (A, B) VTH ∆VTH VOH VOL IOZR ICC Differential Input Threshold Voltage for Receiver Receiver Input Hysteresis Receiver Output High Voltage Receiver Output Low Voltage Three-State Output Current at Receiver Supply Current VOC ∆| VOC | RIN IOSD1 IOSD2 IOSR 2 Receiver Input Resistance Driver Short-Circuit Current, VOUT = High Driver Short-Circuit Current, VOUT = Low Receiver Short-Circuit Current CONDITIONS IO = 0 R = 50Ω, (RS422) R = 27Ω, (RS485) (Figure 1) R = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1) MIN ● ● ● TYP 5 2 1.5 ● R = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1) R = 27Ω or R = 50Ω (Figure 1) ● DI, DE, RE DI, DE, RE DI, DE, RE VCC = 0V or 5.25V, VIN = 12V VCC = 0V or 5.25V, VIN = – 7V – 7V ≤ VCM ≤ 12V VCM = 0V IO = – 4mA, VID = 0.2V IO = 4mA, VID = – 0.2V VCC = Max 0.4V ≤ VO ≤ 2.4V No Load; DI = GND or VCC Outputs Enabled Outputs Disabled – 7V ≤ VCM ≤ 12V VO = – 7V VO = 10 V 0V ≤ VO ≤ VCC ● ● ● ● – 0.2 0.4 ±1 ● 1.8 1.7 ● ● 2.3 2.3 12 ● ● ● V V 3.5 ● ● 3 0.2 60 ● ● V V V 0.8 ±2 1.0 – 0.8 0.2 ● 7 UNITS 5 0.2 2.0 ● ● MAX V 250 250 85 V V µA mA mA V mV V V µA mA mA kΩ mA mA mA LTC1485 U SWITCHI G CHARACTERISTICS VCC = 5V (Notes 2, 3), unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL tPLH PARAMETER Driver Input to Output tPHL Driver Input to Output tSKEW Driver Output to Output t r, t f Driver Rise or Fall Time t ZH t ZL t LZ t HZ t PLH t PHL t SKEW Driver Enable to Output High Driver Enable to Output Low Driver Disable Time from Low Driver Disable Time from High Receiver Input to Output Receiver Input to Output | t PLH – t PHL | Differential Receiver Skew Receiver Enable to Output Low Receiver Enable to Output High Receiver Disable from Low Receiver Disable from High t ZL t ZH t LZ t HZ CONDITIONS RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 5) RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 5) RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 5) RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 5) CL = 100pF (Figures 4, 6) S2 Closed CL = 100pF (Figures 4, 6) S1 Closed CL = 15pF (Figures 4, 6) S1 Closed CL = 15pF (Figures 4, 6) S2 Closed RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 7) RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 7) RDIFF = 54Ω, CL1 = CL2 = 100pF (Figures 2, 7) MIN 10 TYP 30 MAX 50 ● 10 30 50 ns 4 10 ns 15 25 ns 40 40 40 40 25 30 5 70 70 70 70 50 55 15 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 30 30 30 30 45 45 45 45 ns ns ns ns ● 5 ● ● ● ● ● 15 20 ● ● ● CL = 15pF (Figures 3, 8) S1 Closed CL = 15pF (Figures 3, 8) S2 Closed CL = 15pF (Figures 3, 8) S1 Closed CL = 15pF (Figures 3, 8) S2 Closed The ● denotes specifications which apply over the operating temperature range. Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the safety of the device cannot be guaranteed. ● ● ● ● ● UNITS ns Note 2: All currents into device pins are positive. All currents out of device pins are negative. All voltages are referenced to device ground unless otherwise specified. Note 3: All typicals are given for VCC = 5V and TA = 25°C. U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS Receiver Output Low Voltage vs Output Current Receiver Output High Voltage vs Output Current 36 –18 TA = 25°C 4.8 TA = 25°C –16 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 4.6 –12 –10 –8 –6 0 0.5 1.5 1.0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.0 1485 G01 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 –4 3.4 –2 3.2 0 0 I = 8mA 4.4 –14 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 32 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Receiver Output High Voltage vs Temperature 5 4 3 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2 1485 G02 3.0 –50 –25 0 75 50 25 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 1485 G03 3 LTC1485 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS Receiver Output Low Voltage vs Temperature Driver Differential Output Voltage vs Temperature Driver Differential Output Voltage vs Output Current 0.9 I = 8mA OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 0.7 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) TA = 25°C 64 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 RL =54Ω 2.4 DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE (V) 0.8 48 32 16 2.2 2.0 1.8 0.1 0 –50 0 –25 0 75 50 25 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 1 0 125 3 2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Driver Output Low Voltage vs Output Current TA = 25°C 0 –72 –48 –24 0 1 0 3 2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1 0 4 3 2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4 3 2 125 1485 G10 4 0 75 25 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 1.8 3 1 –50 –25 0 75 25 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 Supply Current vs Temperature 2 100 –25 1485 G09 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 4 TIME (ns) TIME (ns) 5 0 75 25 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 1.57 Driver Skew vs Temperature 5 –25 1.59 1485 G08 Receiver | tPLH – tPHL | vs Temperature 1 –50 1.61 1.55 –50 4 1485 G07 125 1.63 INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 20 100 TTL Input Threshold vs Temperature TA = 25°C –96 40 0 75 25 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 1485 G06 Driver Output High Voltage vs Output Current 60 –25 1485 G05 1485 G04 80 1.6 –50 4 100 125 1485 G11 DRIVER ENABLED 1.7 1.6 DRIVER DISABLED 1.5 1.4 –50 –25 0 75 25 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 1485 G12 LTC1485 U U U PI FU CTIO S RO (Pin 1): Receiver Output. If the receiver output is enabled (RE low), then if A > B by 200mV, RO will be high. If A < B by 200mV, then RO will be low. DI (Pin 4): Driver Input. If the driver outputs are enabled (DE high), then a low on DI forces the driver outputs A low and B high. A high on DI will force A high and B low. RE (Pin 2): Receiver Output Enable. A low enables the receiver output, RO. A high input forces the receiver output into a high impedance state. GND (Pin 5): Ground Connection. DE (Pin 3): Driver Output Enable. A high on DE enables the driver outputs, A and B. A low input will force the driver outputs into a high impedance state. A (Pin 6): Driver Output/Receiver Input. B (Pin 7): Driver Output/Receiver Input. VCC (Pin 8): Positive Supply. 4.75V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.25V. TEST CIRCUITS A R VOD2 A R DI VOC B DRIVER A CL1 RDIFF RECEIVER CL2 RO 15pF B B 1485 F02 1485 F01 Figure 1. Driver DC Test Load S1 RECEIVER OUTPUT Figure 2. Driver/Receiver Timing Test Circuit S1 1k VCC VCC CL 1k OUTPUT UNDER TEST S2 500Ω CL S2 1485 F04 1485 F03 Figure 3. Receiver Timing Test Load Figure 4. Driver Timing Test Load 5 LTC1485 W W U SWITCHI G TI E WAVEFOR S 3V f = 1MHz; tr ≤ 10ns; t f ≤ 10ns 1.5V DI 0V tPHL VO V A – VB 1.5V tPLH 90% 90% 50% 50% 10% –VO 10% tf tr B VO 1/2 VO 1/2 VO A tSKEW tSKEW 1485 F05 Figure 5. Driver Propagation Delays 3V f = 1MHz; tr ≤ 10ns; t f ≤ 10ns 1.5V DE 1.5V 0V tZL tLZ 5V A,B 2.3V VOL OUTPUT NORMALLY LOW 0.5V OUTPUT NORMALLY HIGH 0.5V VOH 2.3V A,B 0V tZH 1485 F06 tHZ Figure 6. Driver Enable and Disable Times INPUT VOD2 VA – VB –VOD2 f = 1MHz; tr ≤ 10ns; t f ≤ 10ns 0V tPLH tPHL OUTPUT VOH RO VOL 1.5V 1.5V 1485 F07 Figure 7. Receiver Propagation Delays 6 0V LTC1485 W U W SWITCHI G TI E WAVEFOR S 3V 1.5V RE 0V 1.5V f = 1MHz; tr ≤ 10ns; t f ≤ 10ns tZL tLZ 5V RO 1.5V VOL OUTPUT NORMALLY LOW 0.5V OUTPUT NORMALLY HIGH 0.5V VOH 1.5V RO 0V tZH 1485 F08 tHZ Figure 8. Receiver Enable and Disable Times U W U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO Typical Application ends with a resistor equal to their characteristic impedance, typically 120Ω. The input impedance of a receiver is typically 20k to GND, or 0.6 unit RS485 load, so in practice 50 to 60 transceivers can be connected to the same wires. The optional shields around the twisted pair help reduce unwanted noise, and are connected to GND at one end. A typical connection of the LTC1485 is shown in Figure 9. Two twisted pair wires connect up to 32 driver/receiver pairs for half duplex data transmission. There are no restrictions on where the chips are connected to the wires and it isn’t necessary to have the chips connected at the ends. However, the wires must be terminated only at the LTC1485 LTC1485 RX 1 2 3 RECEIVER RECEIVER 1 RX 2 3 7 DX 4 DRIVER DRIVER 120Ω 120Ω 4 DX 8 LTC1485 RECEIVER 1485 F09 1 2 RX 3 7 DRIVER 4 DX 8 Figure 9. Typical Connection 7 LTC1485 U W U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO 10 The LTC1485 has a thermal shutdown feature which protects the part from excessive power dissipation. If the outputs of the driver are accidentally shorted to a power supply or low impedance source, up to 250mA can flow through the part. The thermal shutdown circuit disables the driver outputs when the internal temperature reaches 150°C and turns them back on when the temperature cools to 130°C. If the outputs of two or more LTC1485 drivers are shorted directly, the driver outputs can not supply enough current to activate the thermal shutdown. Thus, the thermal shutdown circuit will not prevent contention faults when two drivers are active on the bus at the same time. LOSS PER 100 FT (dB) Thermal Shutdown 1 0.1 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 100 1485 F10 Figure 10. Attenuation vs Frequency for Belden 9481 10k The transmission line of choice for RS485 applications is a twisted pair. There are coaxial cables (twinaxial) made for this purpose that contain straight pairs, but these are less flexible, more bulky, and more costly than twisted pairs. Many cable manufacturers offer a broad range of 120Ω cables designed for RS485 applications. Losses in a transmission line are a complex combination of DC conductor loss, AC losses (skin effect), leakage, and AC losses in the dielectric. In good polyethylene cables such as the Belden 9841, the conductor losses and dielectric losses are of the same order of magnitude, leading to relatively low overall loss (Figure 10). When using low loss cables, Figure 11 can be used as a guideline for choosing the maximum line length for a given data rate. With lower quality PVC cables the dielectric loss factor can be 1000 times worse. PVC twisted pairs have terrible losses at high data rates (>100kbs), and greatly reduce the maximum cable length. At low data rates however, they are acceptable and much more economical. Cable Termination The proper termination of the cable is very important. If the cable is not terminated with its characteristic impedance, distorted waveforms will result. In severe cases, distorted (false) data and nulls will occur. A quick look at the output of the driver will tell how well the cable is terminated. It is best to look at a driver connected to the 8 CABLE LENGTH (FT) Cables and Data Rate 1k 100 10 10k 100k 1M DATA RATE (bps) 2.5M 10M 1485 F11 Figure 11. Cable Length vs Data Rate end of the cable, since this eliminates the possibility of getting reflections from two directions. Simply look at the driver output while transmitting square wave data. If the cable is terminated properly, the waveform will look like a square wave (Figure12). If the cable is loaded excessively (47Ω) the signal initially sees the surge impedance of the cable and jumps to an initial amplitude. The signal travels down the cable and is reflected back out of phase because of the mistermination. When the reflected signal returns to the driver, the amplitude will be lowered. The width of the pedestal is equal to twice the electrical length of the cable (about 1.5ns/foot). If the cable is lightly loaded (470Ω) the signal reflects in phase and increases the amplitude at the driver output. An input frequency of 30kHz is adequate for tests out to 4000 feet of cable. LTC1485 U W U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO PROBE HERE DX Rt DRIVER RECEIVER RX Rt = 120Ω of the coupling capacitor should therefore be set at 16.3pF per foot of cable length for 120Ω cables. With the coupling capacitors in place, power is consumed only on the signal edges and not when the driver output is idling at a 1 or 0 state. A 100nF capacitor is adequate for lines up to 400 feet in length. Be aware that the power savings start to decrease once the data rate surpasses 1/(120Ω • C). Receiver Open-Circuit Fail-Safe Rt = 47Ω Rt = 470Ω 1485 F12 Figure 12. Termination Effects Some data encoding schemes require that the output of the receiver maintains a known state (usually a logic 1) when the data is finished transmitting and all drivers on the line are forced into three-state. The receiver of the LTC1485 has a fail-safe feature which guarantees the output to be in a logic 1 state when the receiver inputs are left floating (open-circuit). If the receiver output must be forced to a known state, the circuits of Figure 14 can be used. AC Cable Termination Cable termination resistors are necessary to prevent unwanted reflections, but they consume power. The typical differential output voltage of the driver is 2V when the cable is terminated with two 120Ω resistors, causing 33mA of DC current to flow in the cable when no data is being sent. This DC current is about 10 times greater than the supply current of the LTC1485. One way to eliminate the unwanted current is by AC-coupling the termination resistors as shown in Figure 13. 5V 110Ω 130Ω 130Ω 110Ω RECEIVER RX RECEIVER RX RECEIVER RX 5V 1.5k 120Ω 120Ω RECEIVER RX 1.5k C 1485 F13 C = LINE LENGTH (FT) • 16.3pF 5V Figure 13. AC-Coupled Termination 100k The coupling capacitor must allow high frequency energy to flow to the termination, but block DC and low frequencies. The dividing line between high and low frequency depends on the length of the cable. The coupling capacitor must pass frequencies above the point where the line represents an electrical one-tenth wavelength. The value C 120Ω 1485 F14 Figure 14. Forcing “0” When All Drivers Are Off 9 LTC1485 U W U UO APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO The termination resistors are used to generate a DC bias which forces the receiver output to a known state, in this case a logic 0. The first method consumes about 208mW and the second about 8mW. The lowest power solution is to use an AC termination with a pull-up resistor. Simply swap the receiver inputs for data protocols ending in logic 1. A 120Ω DRIVER B 1485 F15 Fault Protection Figure 15. ESD Protection with TransZorbs All of LTC’s RS485 products are protected against ESD transients up to 2kV using the human body model (100pF, 1.5kΩ). However, some applications need more protection. The best protection method is to connect a bidirectional TransZorb® from each line side pin to ground (Figure 15). A TransZorb is a silicon transient voltage suppressor that has exceptional surge handling capabilities: fast response time and low series resistance. They are available from General Semiconductor Industries and come in a variety of breakdown voltages and prices. Be sure to pick a breakdown voltage higher than the common-mode voltage required for your application (typically 12V). Also, don’t forget to check how much the added parasitic capacitance will load down the bus. TransZorb is a registered trademark of General Instruments, GSI UO TYPICAL APPLICATI S RS232 Receiver RS232 IN 5.6k RX RECEIVER 1485 TA02 RS232 to RS485 Level Translator with Hysteresis 220k A 10k RS232 IN 120Ω DRIVER 5.6k B 1485 TA03 HYSTERESIS = 10k • VA – VB /R ≈ 19 (kΩ • VOLT)/R 10 LTC1485 U PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted. N8 Package 8-Lead Plastic DIP 0.400* (10.160) MAX 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4 0.255 ± 0.015* (6.477 ± 0.381) 0.300 – 0.325 (7.620 – 8.255) 0.009 – 0.015 (0.229 – 0.381) ( +0.025 0.325 –0.015 +0.635 8.255 –0.381 ) 0.045 – 0.065 (1.143 – 1.651) 0.130 ± 0.005 (3.302 ± 0.127) 0.065 (1.651) TYP 0.125 (3.175) MIN 0.045 ± 0.015 (1.143 ± 0.381) 0.100 ± 0.010 (2.540 ± 0.254) 0.018 ± 0.003 (0.457 ± 0.076) 0.015 (0.380) MIN N8 0694 *THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010 INCH (0.254mm). Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 11 LTC1485 U PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted. S8 Package 8-Lead Plastic SOIC 0.189 – 0.197* (4.801 – 5.004) 8 7 6 5 0.150 – 0.157* (3.810 – 3.988) 0.228 – 0.244 (5.791 – 6.197) 1 0.010 – 0.020 × 45° (0.254 – 0.508) 0.008 – 0.010 (0.203 – 0.254) 2 3 4 0.053 – 0.069 (1.346 – 1.752) 0.004 – 0.010 (0.101 – 0.254) 0°– 8° TYP 0.016 – 0.050 0.406 – 1.270 0.014 – 0.019 (0.355 – 0.483) 0.050 (1.270) BSC SO8 0294 *THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.006 INCH (0.15mm). RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC486 Quad RS485 Driver Fits 75172 Pinout, Only 110µA IQ LTC488 Quad RS485 Receiver Fits 75173 Pinout, Only 7mA IQ LTC490 Full Duplex RS485 Transceiver Fits 75179 Pinout, Only 300µA IQ LTC1481 Ultra-Low Power Half Duplex RS485 Transceiver Fits 75176 Pinout, 80µA IQ 12 Linear Technology Corporation LT/GP 0795 2K REV A • PRINTED IN THE USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7487 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● TELEX: 499-3977 LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1995