MC33441 Electroluminescent Lamp Driver IC The MC33441 is a DC–AC inverter integrated circuit for driving EL lamps. It can boost the supply voltage to the level required by EL lamps and also provide high voltage AC lamp excitation. It consists of an oscillator, a frequency divider, a coil driving circuit and a switched H–bridge network. The input supply voltage range is from 1.8V to 3.5V and is capable to supply a typical 140Vpp AC output voltage. The standby current of the device is typically 10nA which is ideal for low power portable products. Externally, one inductor and one resistor are needed to generate the desirable voltage charge and to fine tune the oscillator’s frequency. This device is offered in 8–Pin TSSOP miniature package. The operating temperature is –20°C to 70°C. http://onsemi.com 8 1 TSSOP–8 DTB SUFFIX CASE 948J Features: Battery Operation 1.8V – 3.5V Typical Voltage Output 140Vpp Typical Standby Current 10nA Internal Oscillator with External Tuning Resistor Enable Control Pin with a 300K Internal Pull–Down Resistor 8–Pin TSSOP Package (Thickness = 1.05mm, Width = 4.5mm, Length = 3.1mm & Lead Pitch = 0.65mm) PIN CONNECTIONS AND MARKING DIAGRAM VDD 1 8 EL1 ENB 2 7 EL2 RT1 3 Types of Applications: • Pagers, Cellular Phones, Portable CD Players/Minidisks • Databanks, Calculators VSS 4 1 ENB 2 8 EL1 7 EL2 RT1 3 6 FILTER VSS 4 5 COIL OSC FREQUENCY DIVIDER FEL FCOIL Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2000 April, 2000 – Rev. 1 H–BRIDGE 6 FILTER 5 COIL (Top View) Simplified Block Diagram VDD M33 441 ALY W • • • • • • A L Y W = Assembly Location = Wafer Lot = Year = Work Week ORDERING INFORMATION Device Package Shipping MC33441DTBR2 TSSOP–8 2500 Units / Reel COIL DRIVER 1 Publication Order Number: MC33441/D MC33441 Figure 1. Test Circuit Battery / VDD INDUCTOR VSS MAIN SWITCH 5 4 COIL DRIVER REXT RT1 ENB OSC & FREQ. DIVIDER 3 6 CFILTER 2 AND2 AND2 1 OPTIONAL FILTER H–BRIDGE 7 EL2 8 EL1 FCOIL VDD COIL AND2 FEL EL LAMP PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION Pin No. (TSSOP–8) Name Pin 1 VDD Input voltage supply Pin 2 ENB Enable the whole device to operate Pin 3 RT1 Internal oscillator’s fine tuning resistance input Pin 4 VSS Analog/Power ground Pin 5 COIL Coil/Inductance input Pin 6 Filter EL Filter Pin 7 EL2 EL lamp driver output 2 Pin 8 EL1 EL lamp driver output 1 ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ Description http://onsemi.com 2 MC33441 MAXIMUM RATINGS (TC = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.) ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ W ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ Rating Symbol Max Unit VDD 7.5 V LOGIC = 0 LOGIC = 1 0.5 VDD V TJ(max) 150 °C Power Supply Voltage Digital Input Voltage Range Operating Junction Temperature TA –20 to +70 °C Storage Temperature Range Tstg –50 to +150 °C Power Dissipation PD 300 mW RθJA 178 °C/W Operating Ambient Temperature Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Air DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = 2.65V, TA = 25°C, Lamp Capacitance = 2.2nF, Coil = 1mH unless otherwise noted.) Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Supply Voltage VDD 1.8 – 3.5 V Output Voltage (1.8V < VDD ≤ 3.5 V) VEL 120 140 160 V ICOIL – 70 150 mA Characteristic Peak Coil Current (1.8V < VDD ≤ 3.5 V) Average Coil Current from Battery (1.8V < VDD ≤ 3.5 V) IVDD – 35 75 mA dc avg ISTAND – 10 100 nA Clock Frequency (REXT = 125K ) Fosc 112 140 168 kHz Lamp Drive Frequency (Fosc Divide by 384) FEL – 364.6 – Hz FCOIL – 35 – kHz DCCOIL – 75 – % CEL – 2.2 – nF Standby Current (VDD = 3.0 V, ENB = 0) Coil Drive Frequency ( Fosc Divide by 4) Coil Drive Clock Duty Cycle EL Lamp Capacitance Range Figure 2. Output Waveform VEL1 TIME VEL2 TIME VEL Typical Vpp = 140V (160V max) TIME http://onsemi.com 3 MC33441 VDD = 2.65V Lamp Freq. = 365Hz EL Lamp = 2.2nF X = 1ms/div, Y = 50V/div Figure 3. Output Waveform vs. Time ǒ OPERATING DESCRIPTION General F The MC33441 is a DC–AC inverter integrated circuit for driving EL lamps. It can boost the supply voltage to the level required by EL lamps and also provide high voltage AC lamp excitation. It consists of an oscillator, a frequency divider, a coil driving circuit and a switched H–bridge network. The input supply voltage range is from 1.8V to 3.5V and is capable to supply a typical 140Vpp AC output voltage. The standby current of the device is typically 10nA which is ideal for low power portable products. Externally, one inductor and one resistor are needed to generate the desirable voltage charge and to fine tune the oscillator’s frequency. This device is offered in 8–Pin TSSOP packages. The operating temperature is –20°C to 70°C. OSC + 1 6 FCOIL = FOSC FEL = FOSC R EXT C B4 Hz INT Ǔ + 1.667R 10 10 Hz EXT B 384 where CINT is about 10pF. Coil Driver The coil driver is basically a simplified boost converter. It takes a higher frequency clock signal from the frequency divider to turn on/off the main switch alternatively. When the main switch is on, current will flow through the coil to ground. Once the switch is being turned off, the energy stored in the coil will be released to the external capacitor (EL lamp) through an internal diode. According to the frequency of the clock signals between the coil driver and the H–bridge, the external capacitor (EL lamp) will be charging to the desirable level. Current limit circuit (typical 70mA & max. 150mA) is implemented in this device. Since the current through the coil will increase corresponding to the input voltage, if the input voltage is high and the inductance of the coil is small, the coil can be saturated. The current limit feature is used to avoid this happen. The main switch is parallel to a much smaller switch which has their collector and their base connected together. However, the emitter of the smaller switch is tied to a sensing resistor while the emitter of the main switch is connected to ground. The coil current will split into two according to the sizing ratio between the main and the smaller switch. The current through the smaller switch will also flow through the sensing resistor and generates a voltage. If the voltage across this sensing resistor is above the pre–set value, then both switches Oscillator and Frequency Divider Two circuits are put together to form the oscillator. They are Vref and Ibias. The functionality of Vref block is to generate a zero temperature coefficient (TC) voltage reference which is about 1.27V. This 1.27V will then be used in Ibias circuit to provide current biasing to all of the internal circuits with the value equal to Vref divided by an internal resistor. Besides of that, an external resistor is also connected to this circuit block for setting the oscillator’s frequency. The temperature coefficient is dominated by the value of that resistor. Therefore, if a low TC resistor is used, the oscillator frequency’s TC can be kept low. The current mirrors with the induced current equal to the Vref divided by an external resistor are used to charge and discharge an internal capacitor to provide a 50% duty cycle clock signal. This original clock pulse will then be fed into the frequency divider which will generate two additional clock signals with different frequency and duty cycle to the coil–driver and the H–bridge circuits. The oscillator frequency is governed by the following equation: http://onsemi.com 4 MC33441 will be turned off and the energy will release to the EL lamp. And, those switches will remain off until the next clock cycle. Moreover, if a low TC resistor is used, the oscillator frequency’s TC can be kept low. The filter capacitor is to provide a smooth and more stable output waveform for the EL lamp. The value of this capacitor depends on the input voltage and the coil’s inductance value. Equations below can be used to estimate filter capacitor’s value at different input voltage. H–Bridge Network To achieve the 140V peak–to–peak voltage, H–bridge network is used to charge and discharge the EL lamp. The switching frequency of the bridge network is controlled by a clock signal from the divider with its frequency much lower than the one to the coil–driver. Moreover, to reduce the current consumption, the biasing current to the two low–side switches of the H–bridge is not activated until the coil–driver circuit needed to release the energy to the EL lamp. Then, the biasing circuit will be on and be ready before the main switch in the coil–driver really starts to turn off. Best Case Approximation for the Filter Capacitor: C C F EL + so R EXT + 4.341F EL * VSW) ń(L 2 in F 2 OSC ) FILTER + 0.085 (V * VSW) ń(L 2 in F 2 OSC ) ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ W ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ W ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ W ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ W ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ Table 1: Reference for CFILTER VDD By substitute the equation of FOSC from Oscillator & Frequency Divider. 4.341 10 7 Hz R EXT (V where VIN is the input voltage, VSW is voltage across the switch when it is on, L is the coil’s value and FOSC is the clock frequency. Measurement below is recorded with the condition: coil = 1mH, EL lamp = 2.2nF and at room temperature. System designer will base on the application to decide the size and the type of the EL lamp to be used. The external resistance (REXT) at RT1 pin determines the excitation frequency (FEL) for the lamp. The relationship between REXT and the frequency is: B 384 + 0.026 Worst Case Approximation for the Filter Capacitor: External Components FEL = FOSC FILTER 10 7 W http://onsemi.com 5 REXT CFILTER 1.8V 100K–130K 5n–10nF 2.0V 100K–130K 10n–22nF 2.5V 100K–130K 10n–22nF 3.0V 100K–130K 22nF–33nF MC33441 TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS 700 300 VDD = 2.65V Coil = 1mH EL lamp = 2.2nF 200 150 100 500 400 300 200 50 0 50K VDD = 2.65V Coil = 1mH EL lamp = 2.2nF 600 LAMP FREQ. (Hz) OSC. FREQ. (KHz) 250 100 75K 100K 0 50K 200K 150K 75K 100K REXT (OHM) 150K 200K REXT (OHM) Figure 4. Oscillator Frequency vs. REXT Figure 5. Lamp Frequency vs. REXT 25 30 20 25 I (mA) I (mA) 20 15 15 10 10 5 0 0.56 VDD = 2.65V Lamp Freq. = 365Hz EL lamp = 2.2nF 0.82 Coil = 1mH Lamp Freq. = 365Hz EL Lamp = 2.2nF 5 1 1.33 0 1.8 1.47 2 2.65 Figure 6. Current Consumption vs. Coil Inductance Figure 7. Current Consumption vs. VDD 138 150 136 145 134 140 VOUT (V) 132 VOUT (V) 3.5 VDD (V) COIL INDUCTANCE (mH) 130 128 135 130 125 126 122 75K 100K 150K VDD = 2.65V Lamp Freq. = 365Hz EL Lamp = 2.2nF 120 VDD = 2.65V Coil = 1mH EL Lamp = 2.2nF 124 120 50K 3 115 110 0.56 200K 0.82 1 1.33 COIL INDUCTANCE (mH) REXT (OHM) Figure 8. Output Voltage vs. REXT Figure 9. Output Voltage vs. Coil Inductance http://onsemi.com 6 1.47 MC33441 APPLICATION INFORMATION EL Lamp Selection The inductor must have a saturation current rating equal to or bigger than the peak coil current which is 150mA. EL lamps are a laminate which exhibit a capacitance on the order of 2.5nF to 3.5nF per square inch. The light will emit as the high voltage is applied across the electrodes of this capacitance. The color of the emitted light is determined by the type of chemical used and the frequency of the excitation voltage. On the other hand, the lamp brightness increases approximately the square of the applied voltage and nearly linear to the excitation frequency. Once a lamp has been selected, the operating frequency and the essential voltage for the optimum performance is determined. Then, the driver circuit can begin to design. Filter Capacitor Selection (C2) See Table 1 for the estimated value of the filter capacitors based on the input voltage supply. Since the maximum voltage of the filter capacitor can reach 70V or even 80V, capacitor with high voltage rating will be required. Resistor Selection (R1) Since the fundamental frequency of the oscillator is set by the external resistor (R1), the temperature coefficient of the frequency is dominated by the value of this resistor. A low temperature coefficient (TC) resistor is suggested to use for keeping the variation of oscillator’s frequency low against the operation temperature range. (See Page 4, Fig. 3 & Fig. 4) Inductor Selection (L1) Use a 1mH/0.15A inductor for MC33441. Higher inductor values can be used to reduce the peak transient coil current from the battery supply. As the value of the inductor (L1), increases, the resistor (R1) value may need to increase correspondingly to provide optimum performance. While a lower inductor values lead to smaller physical size, it will generate a higher peak coil current. A lower resistor (R1) value should be used when a lower inductance coil is being used. R1 + REXT + 4.341F EL 10 7 W Layout The MC33441 is high output voltage operation make PC board layout critical to minimize ground bounce and noise. Locate input bypass capacitor, filter capacitor and oscillator’s resistor as close to the device pins as possible. L1 1mH U1 1 C1 0.1µF 2 3 BATTERY 4 PB1 ENABLE R1 130K EL1 VDD ENB EL2 RT1 FILTER VSS COIL MC33441 8 EL–LAMP 7 6 5 C2 27nF/100V (TSSOP–8) Figure 10. MC33441 Demo Board Schematic ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ COMPONENT SUPPLIER Supplier Part Number Description Phone Tech–Wave Industrial Co., Ltd. Part# CC–0012 EL–Lamp: 14.5mm x 47mm Color: Yellow–Green (886)–2–22692827 Coils Electronics Co., Ltd. Part# CRCH664– 102K–831015 Inductor: 1mH / 0.15A (852)–2341–5539 http://onsemi.com 7 MC33441 Figure 11. MC33441 PC Board – Top View Figure 12. MC33441 Component Placement Guide – Component Side Figure 13. MC33441 PC Board – Bottom View http://onsemi.com 8 MC33441 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS TSSOP–8 DTB SUFFIX CASE 948J–01 ISSUE O 8x 0.15 (0.006) T U 0.10 (0.004) S NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSION A DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15 (0.006) PER SIDE. 4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSION. INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSION SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.25 (0.010) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION K DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.08 (0.003) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF THE K DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. 6. TERMINAL NUMBERS ARE SHOWN FOR REFERENCE ONLY. 7. DIMENSION A AND B ARE TO BE DETERMINED AT DATUM PLANE –W–. K REF M T U S V S K 2X L/2 ÉÉ ÇÇ ÇÇ ÉÉ K1 8 5 J J1 B –U– L PIN 1 IDENT. SECTION N–N 4 1 N 0.25 (0.010) 0.15 (0.006) T U S A –V– M N F DETAIL E –W– C 0.10 (0.004) –T– SEATING PLANE D G SEE DETAIL E H http://onsemi.com 9 DIM A B C D F G H J J1 K K1 L M MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 2.90 3.10 4.30 4.50 ––– 1.20 0.05 0.15 0.50 0.75 0.65 BSC 0.50 0.60 0.09 0.20 0.09 0.16 0.19 0.30 0.19 0.25 6.40 BSC 0_ 8_ INCHES MIN MAX 0.114 0.122 0.169 0.177 ––– 0.047 0.002 0.006 0.020 0.030 0.026 BSC 0.020 0.024 0.004 0.008 0.004 0.006 0.007 0.012 0.007 0.010 0.252 BSC 0_ 8_ MC33441 Notes http://onsemi.com 10 MC33441 Notes http://onsemi.com 11 MC33441 ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. 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