PerkinElmer C1952 Channel photomultiplier Datasheet

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Channel Photomultipliers
Channel Photomultipliers
Overview and Specifications
.
P H O T O M U L T I P L I E R
C P M
C H A N N E L
Description
PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, formerly EG&G Optoelectronics, is
pleased to introduce the Channel
Photomultiplier (CPM), a new ultra
high sensitivity optical detector
which replaces conventional photomultipliers (PMTs) and avalanche
photo diodes (APDs). This device
uses a unique detector principle, resulting in a compact design with ultra high gain, high dynamic range,
extremely low dark current, and fast
response.
Features
• Ultra high anode sensitivity
up to 107 A/W
• Extremely low dark current,
typically 3pA @ 106 gain
• Very low equivalent
noise input (down to 10 -17 W)
• Very high stability in dark current
(no ”bursts”)
• High gain exceeding 108
• Very high dynamic range
• Compact dimensions
• Wide spectral response through
multiple window materials
• High resolution
• Fast response time
• High immunity to magnetic fields
• Rugged design
P R I N C I P L E
This high-performance detector offers
fundamental advantages for analytical
instrumentation applications such as
emission spectroscopy, flourescence,
atomic absorption spectroscopy, and
bio and chemo luminescence. The
CPM also delivers important advantages in life science products, industrial and medical equipment, and highenergy physics.
O F
Principle of Operation
The CPM, like conventional photomultiplier tubes, converts a very low
light level into photoelectrons by a
semitransparent photocathode deposited on the inner surface of the
entrance window. On their way from
the cathode to the anode the photoelectrons pass through a narrow, semiconductive channel. Each time the
electrons hit the inner wall of the
curved channel, multiple secondary
electrons are emitted. This effect occurs multiple times along the path,
leading to an avalanche effect with a
gain exceeding 108. The curved shape of the glass tube improves the
multiplication effect.
When compared to conventional
PMTs, the CPM improves anode
sensitivity by one order of magnitude, while lowering dark current by
one to two orders of magnitude. The
noise level shows extreme stability
over time, with no ”bursts.” The
extremely low dark current results in
a higher dynamic range than conventional PMTs and extends detectable limits for many applications.
The CPM can be used in analog-DC
mode, single photon counting mode,
and in nuclear spectroscopy (when
coupled to scintillation materials like
BGO, LSO, Nal, etc.). PerkinElmer
Optoelectronics offers a choice of
window materials and photocathodes to cover the spectrum from
115 nm (UV range) to 900 nm (NIR).
The new detector is a small, head-on
type with a total diameter of 10.5 mm
including encapsulation. PerkinElmer
Optoelectronics also offers custom
configurations for specific applications.
O P E R A T I O N
Physical Specification
Cathode Channel-Entrance
Channel-End Anode
-HV
red
-20…-50 V
black
-HV +50…+300 V
blue
100 V
-HV
1 Mohm
Proposal for Power Supply
Coax
M A I N
F E A T U R E S
9 mm
Compact Size
Unpotted 1/3 inch Channel Photomultiplier
Fig. 1: Typical current amplification
The CPM is one of the smallest headon type detectors, with a 10.5 mm
diameter including encapsulation. The
photocathode has a useful diameter
of more than 5 mm. The tube is smaller, easier to use, and more rugged
than discrete dynode types. Only a
single high voltage supply of up to
3000 volts is necessary; no external
voltage divider network is required.
A variety of different sizes will be available soon (1/2” and 3/4”).
1 E+09
Current Amplification
1 E+08
1 E+07
Ultra high anode sensitivity
1 E+06
1 E+05
1 E+04
1 E+03
1 E+02
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
At the maximum bias voltage of 3000 V,
gains can exceed 108. At 2400 V, anode sensitivity is typically 3 x 106 A/W
at a wavelength of 410 nm with a bialkali photocathode. This performance surpasses conventional PMTs by
one to two orders of magnitude and
beats APDs by approximately five orders of magnitude (Fig. 1).
Bias Voltage (V)
Extremely low dark current
Fig. 2: Typical anode dark current
1 E-05
Dark Current (A)
1 E-06
1 E-07
1 E-08
1 E-09
1 E-10
C 972
C 962
C 952
C 942
C 922
1 E-11
1 E-12
1000
C 911
1500
2000
Bias Voltage (V)
2500
3000
The electron multiplication in the
channel is virtually silent, so dark current depends only on the photocathode material, leakage currents are
negligible. Bialkali photocathodes exhibit typical dark count rates of 10
cps at a gain of 3 x 108, while UV cathodes have dark count rates below 1
cps. In analog DC mode, the typical
dark noise for a bialkali photocathode
is 20 pA at a gain of 107. In general,
the noise level of the PerkinElmer
Optoelectronics CPM is one to two
orders of magnitude lower than dynode PMTs, resulting in a significantly higher dynamic range (Fig.2).
High stability in dark current level
As a result of the semiconductive inner surface of the CPM, no charge-up effects occur at the glass surface. This
results in a very high stability of the dark current level over time, with no sudden changes (bursts). The semiconductive
surface also causes high-light recovery times to be extremely small.
Fig. 3: Typical photo electron spectrum
Excellent photon counting resolution
2000
At gains exceeding 107 the single photo electron pulse is
perfectly separated from the electrical noise, due to a saturation effect of the channel. The CPM exhibits single
photon resolution with excellent peak to valley ratios.
Fig. 3 shows the single photo electron spectrum taken
from a multi-channel analyzer compared to a conventional
photomultiplier (Fig. 3).
PMT
CPM
Counts
1500
1000
500
Choice of entrance window
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
The CPM is available with different window materials,
which are:
MgF2, Quartz, UV-glass, and Borosilicate glass. The combination of different photocathodes and entrance windows
results in a spectral range from 115 nm to 900 nm. Other
window materials and photocathode combinations are
available on a custom basis (Fig. 4.1 and 4.2).
Channel
Fig. 4.1: Typical spectral response
Quantumefficency (%)
100
10
C 952
C 973
1
Available related products
C 922
C 911
C 972
0.1
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Wavelength (nm)
Fig. 4.2: Typical spectral response
• High Voltage supply
CHV 30N (supplies 1 CPM, negative output voltage),
CHV 30P (supplies 1 CPM, positive output voltage),
J4-3N (supplies 10 to 15 CPMs)
Quantumefficency (%)
100
C 943
10
C 944
C 942
1
C 962
0.1
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
• CPM Modules
MP900-series: Photoncounting module with
TTL output, including CPM,
electronic and high voltage
MD900-series: DC module including high
voltage supply, amplifier,
I/U converter, output 0 to 10 V,
bandwidth 1kHz
MH900-series: High voltage module,
including CPM and
high voltage power supply
Wavelength (nm)
• CPM Formats
/3“ C900-series
/2“ C1300-series
3
/4“ C1900-series
1
EU
PerkinElmer Optoelectronics GmbH
Heimann Opto
65020 Wiesbaden, Germany
PO-Box 3007
http://www.perkinelmer.com/opto
USA
PerkinElmer Optoelectronics
2175 Mission College Blvd.
Santa Clara, CA 95054
Tel. ++1 (408) 565 - 0830
Fax ++1 (408) 565 - 0703
http://www.perkinelmer.com/opto
1
Datasheets on request
CPM C900 Series
1/3” CPM Channel Photomultipliers
·
·
·
·
Technical Specifications
Dimensions (mm)
High Sensitivity Optical Detector
Extremely High Gain
Ultra Low Noise
1/3 Inch, Head-On Type
CPM C900 Series
1/3” CPM Channel Photomultipliers
CPM C900 Performance Specifications
Spectral response
Quantumefficiency (%)
10 0
C 943 C 944
10
C 983
C 9 73
1
C 9 72
C 962
C 922
C 921
C 9 52
C 982
C 9 11
0 .1
10 0
200
C 942
300
400
50 0
600
70 0
800
900
Wavelength (nm )
Dark Current
1,E-05
1,E+08
1,E-06
Dark current (A)
Current Amplification
Current Amplification
1,E+09
1,E+07
1,E+06
1,E+05
1,E+04
1,E-07
1,E-08
1,E-09
C 972
1,E-10
C 962
C 952
C 942
C 982
1,E-11
1,E+03
C 911
1,E-12
1,E+02
1000
1500
2000
2500
1000
3000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Bias voltage (V)
Bias Voltage (V)
Magnetic Field Effects
Equivalent Noise Input
120
1E-14
CPM -axial magn field
CPM -transverse magn field
1E-15
C 972
C 962
1E-16
C 952
Relative output (%)
100
ENI (W)
C 922
80
60
40
C 982
C 942
1E-17
20
C 911 C 922
0
-400
1E-18
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
-300
-200
-100
0
100
Magnetic field (Gauss)
200
300
400
Wavelength (nm)
CAUTION: High Voltage Warning!
This product is operated at high voltage. Extreme care must be taken to ensure operator safety and to avoid
damage to other instruments. Avoid direct contact with the photomultiplier when high voltage is applied. Avoid
placing conductive material close to the cathode.
All given values are nominal/typical @ 20 °C ambient temperature; specifications subject to change without
notice.
CPM C1300 Series
1/2” CPM Channel Photomultipliers
·
·
·
·
Technical Specifications
Dimensions (mm)
High Sensitivity Optical Detector
Extremely High Gain
Ultra Low Noise
1/2 Inch, Head-On Type
CPM C1300 Series
1/2” CPM Channel Photomultipliers
CPM C1300 Performance Specifications
Spectral response
Quantumefficiency (%)
10 0
C 13 4 3 C 13 4 4
10
C 13 8 3
C 13 73
1
C 13 72
C 13 6 2
C 13 2 2
C 13 2 1
C 13 52
C 13 8 2
C 13 11
0 .1
10 0
200
300
C 13 4 2
400
50 0
600
70 0
800
900
Wavelength (nm )
Dark Current
1,E-05
1,E+08
1,E-06
Dark current (A)
Current Amplification
Current Amplification
1,E+09
1,E+07
1,E+06
1,E+05
1,E+04
1,E-07
1,E-08
C 1362
1,E-09
C 1352
C 1372
C 1342
1,E-10
1,E+03
1,E-11
1,E+02
1,E-12
C 1382
C 1322
C 1311
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1000
1500
2000
Bias Voltage (V)
2500
3000
Bias voltage (V)
Typical Photo Electron Spectrum
Equivalent Noise Input
2000
1E -14
C 13 72
1E -15
CPM
1500
C 13 6 2
1000
C 13 52
Counts
1E -16
C 13 4 2
1E -17
C 13 8 2
C 13 2 2
C 13 11
500
0
1E -18
0
100
300
500
W avelength (nm )
700
900
50
100
150
200
250
300
Channel
CAUTION: High Voltage Warning!
This product is operated at high voltage. Extreme care must be taken to ensure operator safety and to avoid
damage to other instruments. Avoid direct contact with the photomultiplier when high voltage is applied. Avoid
placing conductive material close to the cathode.
All given values are nominal/typical @ 20 °C ambient temperature; specifications subject to change without
notice.
CPM C1900 Series
3/4” CPM Channel Photomultipliers
·
·
·
·
Technical Specifications
Dimensions (mm)
High Sensitivity Optical Detector
Extremely High Gain
Ultra Low Noise
3/4 Inch, Head-On Type
CPM C1900 Series
3/4” CPM Channel Photomultipliers
CPM C1900 Performance Specifications
Spectral response
Quantumefficiency (%)
10 0
C 19 4 3C 19 4 4
10
C 19 8 3
C 19 73
1
C 19 72
C 19 6 2
C 13 2 2
C 19 2 1
0 .1
10 0
C 19 52
C 19 8 2
C 19 11
200
C 19 4 2
300
400
50 0
600
70 0
800
900
Wavelength (nm )
Dark Current
1,E-05
1,E +0 8
1,E-06
Dark current (A)
Current Amplification
Current Am plification
1,E +0 9
1,E +0 7
1,E +0 6
1,E +0 5
1,E +0 4
1,E-07
C 1962
1,E-08
C 1952
1,E-09
1,E-10
C 1972
C 1982
C 1922
C 1911
1,E-11
1,E +0 3
1,E +0 2
10 0 0
1,E-12
150 0
2000
2 50 0
1000
3000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Bias voltage (V)
Bias Voltage (V)
Typical Photo Electron Spectrum
Equivalent Noise Input
2000
1E-14
C 1972
1E-15
C 1962
C 1952
1E-16
CPM
1500
1000
C 1942
Counts
ENI (W)
C 1942
C 1982
C 1911C 1922
1E-17
500
0
1E-18
100
300
500
W avelength (nm )
700
900
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Channel
CAUTION: High Voltage Warning!
This product is operated at high voltage. Extreme care must be taken to ensure operator safety and to avoid
damage to other instruments. Avoid direct contact with the photomultiplier when high voltage is applied. Avoid
placing conductive material close to the cathode.
All given values are nominal/typical @ 20 °C ambient temperature; specifications subject to change without
notice.
USA:
PerkinElmer Optoelectronics
2175 Mission College Blvd.
Santa Clara, CA 95054
Phone: (408) 565-0850
Fax: (408) 565-0793
EUROPE:
PerkinElmer Optoelectronics GmbH
Wenzel-Jaksch-Str. 31
65199 Wiesbaden
Germany
Phone: +49 611 492 534
Fax: +49 611 492 578
ASIA:
PerkinElmer Optoelectronics
47 Ayer Rajah Crescent #06-12
Singapore 139947
Phone: +65 775 2022
Fax: +65 775 1008
.
DS-291 Rev A 1101
© 2001 PerkinElmer, Inc. All rights reserved.
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