UNIVERSAL JOINTS Fax: +44 (0)1992 509890 2 5 ® UNIVERSAL JOINTS basic principles 2 Constant velocity output can be restored by using a double joint or by connecting two single joints back to back. Two rules must be observed: Universal joints (U/J's) transmit rotation from one shaft placed end to end with another. They will operate at a much larger angle than is permissible with a misalignment coupler and are commonly used in pairs to take a drive train through laterally displaced axes. The ability to change angle while operating under load gives U/J's a further advantage and in these applications, a telescopic drive shaft is used to accommodate accompanying changes in length. 1. The operating angle must be the same at the input end as at the output end (Figs. 1 & 2). 2. When connecting two single joints, they must be orientated so that the inboard lugs are in line (Fig. 3). Under these conditions the fluctuations in the first joint will for all practical purposes be cancelled out by the complementary fluctuations in the second. General purpose telescopic drive shaft Fig 1 Although constructional details can differ widely between one maker's product and the next, U/J's fall into two groups identified as constant velocity or non-constant velocity joints. Constant velocity types are most often seen on front wheel drive vehicles. They are relatively costly to produce and are generally purpose designed for the application. The joints featured in this catalogue work on the Hookes or Cardan principle and are of the non-constant velocity type. These angles must be equal Fig 2 These angles must be equal Principle of Hookes joint Fig 3 Inboard lugs in line What this means is that for a given operating angle the output velocity fluctuates even though the input velocity is constant. These fluctuations result in the output gaining, then lagging with respect to the input, twice in each revolution to an extent governed by the operating angle. The fluctuation is predictable and varies between ω cos α and ω sec α where ω = angular velocity (speed rev/min) and α = operating angle Thus at an operating angle of 5°, the fluctuation is ±0.4%, at 7° ±0.8% and at 10° ±1.5%. For example, a motor shaft turning at a constant 1000 rpm, driving through a single universal joint set at an operating angle of 5°, will produce an output that fluctuates between 996 and 1004 rpm twice every revolution. At low speed or on manual operation, the fluctuations will be of interest only in calibrated applications; at higher speeds, they will increasingly give rise to torsional vibration. 6 ® Tel: +44 (0)1992 509888 UNIVERSAL JOINTS application selection Universal joints are typically used to transmit positive rotation through intentional offsets where the power source is some way from the load. It is important to note that a U/J is essentially a pivot and that it cannot accommodate any parallel displacement between shafts if used singly. Moreover, the installation must allow for some adjustment when mounting the joint so that the shaft centre lines can be made to converge at the fulcrum of the joint. This is essential if the joint is to function correctly and not impose excessive radial loads on adjacent bearings. U/J’s are selected for size on the basis of the torque to be transmitted, the speed of rotation and the operating angle. These variables give rise to a performance chart on which the values can be read off and a suitable joint selected. Factors relating to the nature of the power source or load are sometimes applied. A single cylinder internal combustion engine for example is more punishing to the transmission than an electric motor. An even load is less onerous than an intermittent one. Correctly installed, the shaft centre lines converge at the fulcrum of the joint. In principle, a U/J works harder as the operating angle increases. The larger the operating angle, the lower the torque or the speed at which it can be transmitted, or both. 2 In selecting the best type of universal joint for a given application, the intended duty and life requirement are the determining factors. High speeds and/or operating angles are best handled by U/J’s fitted with roller bearings. These are lubricated for life but it is nevertheless a good plan to protect the moving surfaces with a gaiter which prevents the ingress of dust, moisture and other foreign matter. Roller bearing joints are generally specified where sustained rotational speeds exceed 1200/1500 rpm. Most applications however, demand a pair of U/J’s. This yields several advantages including constant velocity output, a less critical installation procedure, a shared operating angle (each joint works at 50% of the total), and the ability to drive through laterally displaced shafts. A pair of joints can comprise a drive shaft with a U/J at each end or a double U/J for close coupled applications. A double U/J offers greater misalignment compensation than a misalignment coupler and runs at higher efficiency. For a given torque rating however, it is usually significantly longer. Joint with protective gaiter fitted The most commonly specified joints are those fitted with plain bearings. These are better at withstanding shock loads and are adequate for speeds up to 1200/1500 rpm. Journals and bearings are usually heat treated then ground and honed respectively. On larger U/J’s , the bearing may be manufactured separately and pressed into the parent metal before assembly. To ensure an adequate service life, U/J’s should be regularly lubricated. Where this is difficult due to inaccessibility, gaiters will retain the lubricant and afford protection in aggressive environments. For low speed or manual operation only, an ‘economy series’ joint may be adequate. These are manufactured to looser tolerances and dispense with the hardening, grinding and honing of bearings. 50% 50% 100% Each joint operates at 50% of total offset Lastly, U/J’s manufactured in plastics combined with nonferrous metals offer economy plus a set of properties not found in steel joints. Foremost among these are their light weight, resistance to corrosion electrical non-conductivity and freedom from both lubrication and backlash. A supreme advantage of the moulding technique is the cost-saving opportunities it offers. Examples are the ease of producing non-circular bores and the ability to integrate related components in the moulding process, typically gear forms and toothed belt pulleys. Lateral displacement Telescopic drive shafts with a single U/J fitted at each end are used to power mechanisms that move in relation to the power source. The most common example is the drive shaft connecting the gearbox to the rear axle on a road vehicle. Another is the power take-off fitted at the rear of a tractor to power-up ancillaries towed behind it. There are many more applications in machine tools, packaging machinery and the like. As the driven mechanism moves, the distance between the U/J centres changes and since U/J’s cannot accommodate end movement, a telescoping facility is built into the drive shafts. Typically, this takes the form of a splined shaft with matching broached tube. For lightly loaded or less critical applications, nesting tubes cut from square material are adequate for the purpose. It should be noted that although a pair of U/J’s connected by a drive shaft and correctly set up will produce a constant velocity output, the connecting shaft turns in sympathy with the output of the first joint and is therefore subject to the fluctuations governed by the working angle of the first joint. Compared with similarly sized steel joints, plastics U/J’s have a significantly lower torque carrying capability. Huco-Pol U/J's and telescopic drives are manufactured in acetal and non-ferrous metals for costeffective use in light duty applications. Bored Ø3mm to 16mm, the joints feature backlash-free articulation. Catalogue available on request. Fax: +44 (0)1992 509890 7 ® STEEL UNIVERSAL JOINTS 2 features type TR, needle roller bearings – 6000 rpm max Huco universal joints feature a comprehensive range of sizes manufactured in good quality steels. Plain bearing and needle roller types are available and either can be supplied with square, hexagonal or keywayed bores to order. The joints are also manufactured with quick release collars and in telescopic form to order. This series is intended for applications demanding high rotational speeds (up to 6000 rpm) and large working angles where operation is without benefit of periodic lubrication. types TL & TS, plain bearings – 1200 rpm max These joints feature hardened journals of generous proportions. In joint sizes 13 – 60 (external diameter in mm) they are retained in the forks and pivot in holes provided in the central core. A large bearing surface is thus achieved which helps to reduce wear and tear and prolongs the operational life of the joint. They are constructed with hardened and ground journals pivoting between caged needle roller bearings housed in the fork ends. Four bronze thrust rings interface between the central core and the inner surfaces of the forks. These help to achieve greater load capacities by minimising friction generated by side loads. Although the joints are pre-lubricated, rubber gaiters are recommended as a protective measure in abrasive or damp environments and to prevent ingress of foreign matter. Note that good heat dissipation becomes important under conditions of high working angles and high rotational speeds. By virtue of the increased wall thickness available in the larger joints, pins fitted to sizes 70 – 100 are retained in the central core and pivot in treated bushes housed in the fork ends. Type TR joints are suitable for all high speed applications or where periodic lubrication is difficult, typically machine tools, textile machines, multi-spindle drilling and tapping machines, packaging machines, special purpose machines and mechanical applications generally. styles & sizes U/J’s are produced in 17 sizes, identified by their outside diameter in mm. All sizes are available in single and double form. Style Outline Sizes Extended unbored series with plain bearings 13 to 60 with 10 intermediate sizes Standard bored series with plain bearings 13 to 100 with 15 intermediate sizes Standard bored series with needle roller bearings 20 to 50 with 3 intermediate sizes Any of these can be manufactured as a telescopic drive shaft. The range of practical bore diameters corresponding with universal joints is 5.00 – 60.00 mm. 8 ® Tel: +44 (0)1992 509888 STEEL UNIVERSAL JOINTS type HS, plain bearings – 1500 rpm max also available The range also includes: 2 Joints with quick-release collars Joints with needle roller bearings Ball joints Any of these executions can be supplied as telescopic drive shafts. Please contact Technical Sales for further information. This series conforms to DIN 808 (alternative to DIN 7551) and features conventional construction comprising 1 long and 2 short journals with mutual location within the hardened centre block. Large bearings of equal diameter are machined into the fork ends which are subsequently induction hardened and honed to render a precision fit. A grinding operation on the inner faces of the forks corrects any distortion to ensure concentricity of bores. Telescopic drive shaft with conventional joints. The joints are suitable for all mechanical engineering applications where the maximum speed of rotation does not exceed 1500 rpm. type HE An economy series, similar to type HS but manufactured to a lesser specification which omits the grinding, honing and heat treatment operations. In consequence type HE is suitable only for low speed transmissions and is intended for manual operation or intermittent motorised applications. Telescopic drive shaft with ball joints. Single ball joint. lubrication Regular lubrication at intervals consistent with the duty cycle is recommended in the interests of extending the life of the joint. The joints should be adequately lubricated and the use of rubber gaiters loaded with grease is recommended. They protect against dust, damp and foreign matter and by ensuring permanent lubrication of the sliding surfaces, maintain optimum efficiency over a longer service life. Single joint fitted with needle roller bearings. The journals are machined integral with the central block. The gaiters are moulded in a special mix of synthetic rubber which permits their use in temperatures from –20°C to 100°C. They are resistant to oils, greases, many chemical agents, sea water and tropical climates. The joints are suitable for use in machine tools, textile machines, agricultural equipment, multi-spindle drilling and tapping machines and mechanical engineering applications generally where the maximum speed of rotation does not exceed 1200 rpm. Fax: +44 (0)1992 509890 9 ® STEEL UNIVERSAL JOINTS (T SERIES) extended unbored joints with plain bearings 2 A series of good commercial quality joints manufactured to longer dimensions. They are stocked with solid ends for boring by the user. Maximum working angle is 40° for single and 80° for double joint sizes 13 – 45. This reduces to 30° and 60° respectively for size 50 and upwards. Maximum speed 1200 rpm, see performance charts on page 15. These plain bearing universal joints must be lubricated. The use of gaiters is recommended. type TL single joint type TL double joint type T gaiter L20 L1 L4 D20 D1 D1 L2 L2 Order Code Bores D1 L1 Static Torque at Break L2 (Nm) 135.13.0000 135.17.0000 135.20.0000 135.23.0000 135.26.0000 135.29.0000 135.32.0000 135.40.0000 135.45.0000 135.50.0000 135.55.0000 135.60.0000 SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID 13 17 20 23 26 29 32 40 45 50 55 60 50 58 64 76 86 90 95 108 127 140 165 178 19 21 22 27 31 30 31 34 44 49 57 59 65 120 150 210 290 480 850 1350 1750 2500 4000 5000 D21 L5 Order Code Bores D1 L2 137.13.0000 137.17.0000 137.20.0000 137.23.0000 137.26.0000 137.29.0000 137.32.0000 137.40.0000 137.45.0000 137.50.0000 137.55.0000 137.60.0000 SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID 13 17 20 23 26 29 32 40 45 50 55 60 19 21 22 27 31 30 31 34 44 49 57 59 L4 Static Torque at Break L5 (Nm) Order Code D20 D21 L20 73 85 94 110 122 131 142 164 195 212 244 266 23 27 30 34 36 41 47 56 68 72 79 88 – 143.17 143.20 143.20 143.26 143.29 143.32 143.40 143.45 143.50 143.50 143.60 – 32 39 39 47 51 56 75 83 93 93 100 65 120 150 210 290 480 850 1350 1750 2500 4000 5000 – – 16.5 40 20.5 47 20.5 47 24.5 52 27.5 58 30.5 67 40.0 84 45.0 97 50.0 110 50.0 110 56.0 122 type TS single joint - stainless steel Order Code Bores D1 L1 L2 158.13.0000 158.17.0000 158.20.0000 158.23.0000 158.26.0000 158.29.0000 158.32.0000 158.35.0000 158.40.0000 158.45.0000 158.50.0000 158.55.0000 158.60.0000 SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID SOLID 13 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 40 45 50 55 60 34 40 45 50 56 65 72 82 95 108 122 140 160 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 24 28 35 40 45 50 Performance values quoted on page 15 do not apply to stainless steel versions. Please contact Huco for application assistance. 10 ® Tel: +44 (0)1992 509888 STEEL UNIVERSAL JOINTS (T SERIES) standard bored joints with plain bearings A comprehensive range of good quality steel universals available in a range of standard sizes from stock. Alternative bores, round, keywayed or square, etc. can be produced to order. Also available in stainless steel. Please call Technical Sales for assistance with non-standard requirements. 2 Maximum working angle is 40° for single and 80° for double joint sizes 13 – 45. This reduces to 30° and 60° respectively for size 50 and upwards. Maximum speed 1200 rpm, see performance charts on page 15. These plain bearing universal joints must be lubricated. The use of gaiters is recommended. type TS single joint type TS double joint type T gaiter L20 L4 L1 D1 B B B L2 L2 h7 Order Code Bores B D1 L1 Static Torque at Break L2 (Nm) 6×6 13 8×8 17 10 × 10 20 12 × 12 23 14 × 14 26 16 × 16 29 18 × 18 32 20 × 20 35 22 × 22 40 25 × 25 45 30 × 30 50 35 × 35 55 40 × 40 60 unbored 70 unbored 80 unbored 90 unbored 100 34 40 45 50 56 65 72 82 95 108 122 140 160 175 190 210 230 11 65 12 120 13 150 14 210 16 290 18 480 20 850 24 1000 28 1350 35 1750 40 2500 45 4000 50 5000 50 8000 55 11500 65 13500 70 16000 134.13.2222 134.17.2828 134.20.3232 134.23.3535 134.26.3838 134.29.4242 134.32.4545 134.35.4848 134.40.4949 134.45.5252 134.50.5656 134.55.6060 134.60.6363 134.70.0000 134.80.0000 134.90.0000 134.99.0000 D1 B Fax: +44 (0)1992 509890 D20 D21 L5 h7 Order Code Bores B D1 136.13.2222 136.17.2828 136.20.3232 136.23.3535 136.26.3838 136.29.4242 136.32.4545 136.35.4848 136.40.4949 136.45.5252 136.50.5656 136.55.6060 136.60.6363 136.70.0000 136.80.0000 136.90.0000 136.99.0000 6×6 13 8×8 17 10 × 10 20 12 × 12 23 14 × 14 26 16 × 16 29 18 × 18 32 20 × 20 35 22 × 22 40 25 × 25 45 30 × 30 50 35 × 35 55 40 × 40 60 unbored 70 unbored 80 unbored 90 unbored 100 L2 L4 Static Torque at Break L5 (Nm) Order Code D20 D21 L20 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 24 28 35 40 45 50 50 55 65 70 57 23 65 67 27 120 75 30 150 84 34 210 92 36 290 106 41 480 119 47 850 132 50 1000 151 56 1350 176 68 1750 194 72 2500 219 79 4000 248 88 5000 264 89 8000 286 96 11500 310 100 13500 360 130 16000 – 143.17 143.20 143.20 143.26 143.29 143.32 143.35 143.40 143.45 143.50 143.50 143.60 – – – – – 32 39 39 47 51 56 66 75 83 93 93 100 – – – – – – 16.5 40 20.5 47 20.5 47 24.5 52 27.5 58 30.5 67 35.5 74 40.0 84 45.0 97 50.0 110 50.0 110 56.0 122 – – – – – _ – – 11 ® STEEL UNIVERSAL JOINTS (T SERIES) standard bored joints with needle roller bearings 2 A series of good commercial quality universals with needle roller bearings. The round bores listed are stock sizes, other diameters or solid ends can be supplied to order. Please call Technical Sales for alternative sizes including keywayed and square bores. Maximum working angle is 40° for single and 80° for double joints. Maximum speed 6000 rpm, see performance charts on page 15. Bores listed under ‘bores & order codes’ are stock items. Other bores are supplied to order. type TR single joint type TR double joint type T gaiter L20 L1 L4 D1 D2 B B D1 D2 B L2 L2 h7 Order Code Bores B D1 138.20.3232 138.26.3838 138.32.4242 138.40.4848 138.50.5252 10 × 10 14 × 14 16 × 16 20 × 20 25 × 25 B L1 21.5 62 27.9 74 35.6 86 42.7 108 53.0 132 h7 Order Code Bores B D1 19 23 25 33 38 139.20.3232 139.26.3838 139.32.4242 139.40.4848 139.50.5252 10 × 10 14 × 14 16 × 16 20 × 20 25 × 25 D21 L5 Static Torque at Break L2 (Nm) 40 130 300 500 1200 D20 21.5 27.9 35.6 42.7 53.0 D2 L2 L4 Static Torque at Break L5 (Nm) 20 26 32 40 50 19 23 25 33 38 92 110 133 164 204 30 40 36 130 47 300 56 500 72 1200 Order Code 143.20 143.26 143.32 143.40 143.50 D20 D21 L20 39 47 56 75 93 20.5 24.5 30.5 40.0 50.0 47 52 67 84 110 unbored joints Type TS and TR joints are available without bores. Order codes for unbored versions are as indicated with the last four digits replaced by zeros. (e.g.138.20.0000) 12 ® Tel: +44 (0)1992 509888 STEEL UNIVERSAL JOINTS (H SERIES) standard bored joints with plain bearings A comprehensive series of high quality universals, manufactured to DIN 808. Please call Technical Sales for alternative sizes including keywayed and square bores. 2 Maximum working angle is 45° for single and 90° for double joints. Maximum speed 1500 rpm, see performance charts on page 16. Bores listed under ‘bores & order codes’ are stock items. Other bores supplied to order. These plain bearing universal joints must be lubricated. The use of gaiters is recommended. type HS single joint type HS double joint type H single gaiter L20 L4 L1 D1 B D1 B B L2 L2 B L2 L5 D20 D21 L2 A double gaiter to suit double joints is available if required. h7 Order Code Bores B D1 144.132.2828 144.160.2222 144.161.2828 144.162.3232 144.201.3232 144.202.3535 144.251.3535 144.252.4242 144.321.4242 144.322.4848 144.401.4848 144.402.5252 144.501.5252 144.502.5858 144.631.5858 144.632.6363 8×8 6×6 8×8 10 × 10 10 × 10 12 × 12 12 × 12 16 × 16 16 × 16 20 × 20 20 × 20 25 × 25 25 × 25 32 × 32 32 × 32 40 × 40 13 16 16 16 20 20 25 25 32 32 40 40 50 50 63 63 Fax: +44 (0)1992 509890 L1 42 34 40 52 48 62 56 74 68 86 82 108 104 132 130 166 Static Torque at Break L2 (Nm) h7 Order Code Bores B D1 L2 11 9 11 15 13 18 15 22 16 25 23 32 29 40 33 48 – – 146.161.2828 146.162.3232 146.201.3232 146.202.3535 146.251.3535 146.252.4242 146.321.4242 146.322.4848 146.401.4848 146.402.5252 146.501.5252 146.502.5858 146.631.5858 146.632.6363 – – 11 15 13 18 15 22 16 25 23 32 29 40 33 48 30 40 40 40 120 120 220 220 380 380 800 800 1550 1550 2800 2800 – – 8×8 10 × 10 10 × 10 12 × 12 12 × 12 16 × 16 16 × 16 20 × 20 20 × 20 25 × 25 25 × 25 32 × 32 32 × 32 40 × 40 – – 16 16 20 20 25 25 32 32 40 40 50 50 63 63 L4 Static Torque at Break L5 (Nm) Order Code D20 D21 L20 – – 62 74 74 88 86 104 104 124 128 156 160 188 198 238 – – 22 22 26 26 30 30 37 37 47 47 56 56 68 72 – 153.16 153.16 153.16 153.20 153.20 153.25 153.25 153.32 153.32 153.40 153.40 153.50 153.50 153.63 153.63 – 35 35 35 36 36 44 44 62 62 73 73 90 90 100 100 – – 40 40 120 120 220 220 380 380 800 800 1550 1550 2800 2800 – – 16 32 16 32 16 32 20 40 20 40 24 45 24 45 32 55 32 55 40 75 40 75 50 95 50 95 60 115 60 115 13 ® STEEL UNIVERSAL JOINTS (H SERIES) economy series standard bored joints with plain bearings 2 A series of economical joints for low speed transmissions. They are intended only for manual operation or intermittent low speed motorised applications. These plain bearing universal joints must be lubricated. The use of gaiters is recommended. type HE single joint type HE double joint type H single gaiter L20 L4 L1 D1 B D1 B B L2 L2 B L2 L5 D20 D21 L2 A double gaiter to suit double joints is available if required. h8 Order Code Bores B D1 148.13.2828 148.16.3232 148.20.3535 148.25.4242 148.32.4848 148.40.5252 148.50.5858 8×8 10 × 10 12 × 12 16 × 16 20 × 20 25 × 25 32 × 32 13 16 20 25 32 40 50 L1 42 52 62 74 86 108 132 Static Torque at Break L2 (Nm) h8 Order Code Bores B D1 L2 11 15 18 22 25 32 40 – 149.16.3232 149.20.3535 149.25.4242 149.32.4848 149.40.5252 149.50.5858 – 15 18 20 25 32 40 25 35 90 180 320 650 1330 – 10 × 10 12 × 12 16 × 16 20 × 20 25 × 25 32 × 32 14 ® – 16 20 25 32 40 50 L4 Static Torque at Break L5 (Nm) Order Code D20 D21 L20 – 74 88 104 124 156 188 – 22 26 30 37 47 56 – 153.16 153.20 153.25 153.32 153.40 153.50 – 35 36 44 62 73 90 – 35 90 180 320 650 1300 – 16 20 24 32 40 50 – 32 40 45 55 75 95 Tel: +44 (0)1992 509888 PERFORMANCE DATA (T SERIES) types TL & TS, plain bearings – 1200 rpm max – 200 rpm for sizes 60-100 using the nomogram 9000 7000 6000 5000 4000 The nomogram charts the maximum dynamic moment for each size of joint. The curves represent the limit of performance and must not be exceeded, however momentarily, by peak impulse loads. 3000 2000 The product of speed of rotation x working angle is given for values from 250–12000. The upper speed limit for this series is 1200 rpm and this corresponds to a maximum working angle of 10° at this speed. 1000 800 700 600 500 400 Working angles up to 45° are practicable provided the corresponding speeds are held within the limits of the nomogram. A double joint working at 90° is considered the equivalent of two singles working at 45°. 300 200 Torque (Nm) (Please note that the nomograms do not apply to joints assembled as telescopic drive shafts) selection 90 70 60 50 40 1. Determine the driving torque of the application in Newton metres (Nm) and the speed of rotation in revolutions per minute (rpm). If converting from other units: 30 1 lbf ft = 1.36 Nm 1 kpm = 9.81 Nm 20 10 8 7 6 5 4 The relationship between driving torque, speed of rotation and power transmitted is expressed by the formulæ: torque (Nm) = 7120 × HP rpm 3 2 or 9550 × kW rpm 2. Find the product of rpm × working angle (β) and select the appropriate service factor (SF) from table A or B after identifying the nature of the loading on the transmission. Table A rpm × β 250 or less Operating conditions hrs per day Uniform load SF Intermittent load SF Severe Intermittent load SF ‘Uniform’ loads – typically electric motors driving fans, centrifugal pumps or conveyors under constant load conditions. 12000 11111 rpm x β (working angle) 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1 ‘Intermittent’ loads – presses, shears, radial displacement pumps or compressors, all driven by electric motors. B more than 250 ‘Severe Intermittent’ loads – typically rolling mills or crushers or ‘intermittent’ type loads driven by I.C. motors with less than 4 cylinders. <3 2.5 3.0 8 3.0 3.5 >8 3.5 4.0 <3 3.0 3.6 8 3.6 4.0 >8 4.0 5.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 3. If table A is relevant, multiply Nm × SF and select a joint with a static torque figure in excess of this value. If table B is relevant, apply the products of Nm × SF and rpm × β to the nomogram and select the joint with the performance curve immediately above the point of intersection. type TR, needle roller bearings – 6000 rpm max – 3000 rpm for sizes 40 and 50 using the nomogram Torque (Nm) 500 400 300 200 The nomogram charts the maximum dynamic moment for each size of joint. The curves represent the limit of performance and must not be exceeded, however momentarily, by peak impulse loads. 100 90 80 70 60 The product of speed of rotation × working angle is given for values from 200–40000. The upper speed limit for this series is 6000 rpm and this corresponds to a maximum working angle of 6° 30’ at this speed. 50 40 30 Working angles up to 45° are practicable provided the corresponding speeds are held within the limits of the nomogram. A double joint working at 90° is considered the equivalent of two singles working at 45°. 20 10 9 8 7 6 selection Fax: +44 (0)1992 509890 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 30000 rpm x β (working angle) 20000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 4000 3000 2000 3. Apply the values obtained in 1) and 2) to the nomogram and select the joint with the performance curve immediately above the point of intersection. Normal safety factors are built into the nomogram which is based on tests conducted with joints operating under arduous conditions. 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1 400 2. Find the product of rpm × working angle (β) and check that the result is within the limits of the nomogram. 300 2 200 1. Determine the driving torque of the application in Newton metres (Nm) and the speed of rotation in revolutions per minute (rpm) 100 5 4 3 15 ® 2 PERFORMANCE DATA (H SERIES) type HS, plain bearings – 1500 rpm max selecting joint size The correct joint size for a given application can be determined after establishing the following criteria: 500 400 300 Torque or power to be transmitted Speed of rotation Maximum working angle Fluctuations in load or prime mover output SIZE 63 200 using the nomogram SIZE 50 100 90 The nomogram is expressed Nm and is valid for the continuous transmission of a constant or near constant load where the product of speed (rpm) × working angle exceeds 300. The curves are valid for working angles up to 5°. Where use is intermittent, the stated values for transmissible torque can be increased by 20% or conversely, the calculated values in the following examples could be reduced by 16%. In marginal cases, this would allow the selection of a smaller joint. 80 70 60 SIZE 40 50 40 Torque (Nm) In addition to torque and speed of rotation, the working angle of the joint has a bearing on its selection. The larger the working angle, the higher the ‘effective’ load through the joint. 30 SIZE 32 20 SIZE 25 10 9 The factors tabled below will make the necessary correction as shown in the following examples. 8 SIZE 20 7 6 5 Correction Factors SIZE 16 15° 20° 25° 30° 35° 40° 3 SIZE 13 2 0.63 0.45 0.30 0.10 If converting from other units: 2000 800 1 1 kW = 1.341 HP 1 lbf ft = 1.356 Nm 1000 0.75 600 0.84 400 0.92 300 Correction Factor 10° 200 Working Angle 4 100 2 (Please note that the nomograms do not apply to joints assembled as telescopic drive shafts) RPM Example 1 Transmitted torque Speed of rotation Working angle Correction factor (from table) ∴ corrected torque = 68 0.75 = 50lbf ft or (68 Nm) 500 rpm 20° 0.75 91 Nm Low Speed/Low Working Angle If the product of speed (rpm) × working angle is less than 300 the following method will determine an appropriate joint size. 1. Establish the torque in Nm 2. Determine the maximum working angle of the joint 3. Substitute these values in the corresponding formula: Select the joint with the performance curve at or immediately above the point of intersection of the horizontal corresponding to 91 Nm and the vertical corresponding to 500 rpm, i.e. Joint Size 40. Note that the length of the joint has no bearing on this calculation. Example 2 Power rating Speed of rotation Working angle Correction factor (from table) ∴ corrected torque = 3.5 0.45 = 3.5 HP or (2.6 kW) 400 rpm 30° 0.45 7.8 HP or (5.8 kW) = = = 712 × HP or 9550 × kW rpm rpm 712 × 7.8 400 139 Nm ( For continuous use 600 × torque (100 – working angle) Example 3 Transmitted torque Speed of rotation Max. Working angle ∴ torque rating ) 50 Nm Manual (intermittent) 25° = 500 × 50 (100 – 25) = 25000 75 = 333 Nm Type HS joint size 32 (static torque 380 Nm) or type HE joint size 40 (static torque 650 Nm) should be selected. Select the joint with the performance curve at or immediately above the point of intersection of the horizontal corresponding to 139 Nm and the vertical corresponding to 400 rpm, i.e. Joint Size 50. Once again, the length of the joint has no bearing on this calculation. 16 ® 500 × torque (100 – working angle) 4. Select a joint with a static break torque in excess of the figure obtained. The power rating (HP or kW) must first be resolved to torque x rpm in order to address the nomogram. i.e. torque (Nm) For intermittent use Tel: +44 (0)1992 509888 MINIATURE STEEL UNIVERSAL JOINTS miniature standard bored joints with plain bearings miniature steel telescopic drive shaft assemblies 2 type M A range of good quality miniature universal joints suitable for motorised applications up to 500 rpm. Also available in stainless steel to special order. Special assemblies made to order. sub-miniature steel universal joints type SM L1 L2 D1 L3 B1 Bores Order Code B1 × B2 B2 D1 L1 L2 L3 177.06.1414 3.00 × 3.00 6.0 177.08.1818 4.00 × 4.00 8.0 177.10.2020 5.00 × 5.00 10.0 18.0 24.0 30.0 5.5 7.2 9.0 7.0 9.6 12.0 weight g Order Code Bores B1 × B2 D1 L1 L2 L3 3.0 7.1 12.5 178.03.V203 178.04.V204 178.05.V205 1.5 × 1.5 2.0 × 2.0 2.5 × 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 12.0 14.0 15.0 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 Please call Technical Sales for performance data relating to type M and type SM universal joints. Fax: +44 (0)1992 509890 17 ® SPECIAL JOINTS & TELESCOPES 2 The universal joints featured in this catalogue can be specified with non-stock bores and to special dimensions. Any of the listed joint sizes can be built as telescopic drive shafts. See next page. Please enter all relevant details on a photocopy of this page and attach your company letterhead with your name, title and extension number for a quotation. Please use a separate photocopy for each component. ......................... Please quote ......................... pcs single joint *Needle Roller Plain Bearing TYPE ............................... SIZE Ø .................... ......................... ✔ for standard. Specify dimensions only if absolutely necessary. L1 L7 F F Overall length L1 ........................................ End 1 Ø End 2 Half length L7 ............................................. Where specified, keyways will be spaced at 90°. L2 *Delete where appropriate ......................... Please quote *Needle Roller Plain TYPE ................. SIZE Ø.............. ......................... pcs single joint ......................... L4 F Ø ✔ for standard. Specify dimensions only if absolutely necessary. F End 1 Overall length L4 ........................................ End 2 L2 Shackle Centres L5 .................................... Where specified, keyways will be spaced in line unless requested, otherwise at 180°. L5 *Delete where appropriate bore details end 1 B 4 3 bore details end 2 K S H B K S H 4 1 2 cross hole positions 3 1 2 cross hole positions W W Enter dimension required or ✔ if standard Plain Bore B ................. dia Plain Bore B ................. dia Keywayed Bore K ................. dia Keywayed Bore K ................. dia Key width W ................. Key width W ................. Square Bore S ................. A/F Square Bore S ................. A/F Hex Bore H ................. A/F Hex Bore H ................. A/F Bore depth L2 ................. Bore depth L2 ................. (standard is to BS 4235 Part 1) (standard is to BS 4235 Part 1) Tapped hole at posn ................. & posn ................. Tapped ........... Tapped hole at posn ................. & posn ................. Tapped ........... Cross hole at posn Cross hole at posn ................. & posn ................. dia ................. Cross Hole datum F ......................................................................... 18 ® ................. & posn ................. dia ................. Cross Hole datum F ......................................................................... Tel: +44 (0)1992 509888 TELESCOPIC DRIVE SHAFTS The universal joints featured in this catalogue can be specified with non-stock bores and to special dimensions and be built as telescopic drive shafts. Please enter all relevant details on a photocopy of this page and attach your company letterhead with your name, title and extension number for a quotation. Please use a separate photocopy for each component. 2 ......................... Please quote *Needle Roller joint Plain ......................... pcs telescope based on joint TYPE ............................... SIZE Ø .................... ......................... *Delete where appropriate Min retracted length V ................................ Where specified, keyways will be spaced in line unless requested, otherwise at 180°. Max extended length V1 .............................. L2 L2 F Ø F End 1 End 2 V = MIN RETRACTED LENGTH V1 = MAX EXTENDED LENGTH bore details end 1 3 K B 4 bore details end 2 S H B K S H 4 1 3 1 2 cross hole positions 2 cross hole positions W W Enter dimension required or ✔ if standard Plain Bore B ................. dia Plain Bore B ................. dia Keywayed Bore K ................. dia Keywayed Bore K ................. dia Key width W ................. Key width W ................. (standard is to BS 4235 Part 1) (standard is to BS 4235 Part 1) Square Bore S ................. A/F Square Bore S ................. A/F Hex Bore H ................. A/F Hex Bore H ................. A/F Bore depth L2 ................. Bore depth L2 ................. Tapped hole at posn ................. & posn ................. Tapped ........... Tapped hole at posn ................. & posn ................. Tapped ........... Cross hole at posn Cross hole at posn ................. & posn ................. dia ................. Fax: +44 (0)1992 509890 ................. & posn ................. dia ................. Cross Hole datum F ......................................................................... Cross Hole datum F ......................................................................... 19 ® QUALITY PRODUCTS • D E L I V E RY W H E N YOU NEED IT • H U C O S U P P O RT 20 ® Tel: +44 (0)1992 509888