TI1 INA168NA250 High-side measurement current shunt monitor Datasheet

INA138
INA168
SBOS122C – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2005
High-Side Measurement
CURRENT SHUNT MONITOR
FEATURES
DESCRIPTION
● COMPLETE UNIPOLAR HIGH-SIDE
CURRENT MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT
● WIDE SUPPLY AND COMMON-MODE RANGE
● INA138: 2.7V to 36V
● INA168: 2.7V to 60V
● INDEPENDENT SUPPLY AND INPUT COMMONMODE VOLTAGES
● SINGLE RESISTOR GAIN SET
● LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT (25µA typ)
● WIDE TEMPERATURE RANGE: –40°C to +125°C
● SOT23-5 PACKAGE
The INA138 and INA168 are high-side, unipolar, current
shunt monitors. Wide input common-mode voltage range,
low quiescent current, and tiny SOT23 packaging enable use
in a variety of applications.
Input common-mode and power-supply voltages are independent and can range from 2.7V to 36V for the INA138 and
2.7V to 60V for the INA168. Quiescent current is only 25µA,
which permits connecting the power supply to either side of
the current measurement shunt with minimal error.
The device converts a differential input voltage to a current
output. This current is converted back to a voltage with an
external load resistor that sets any gain from 1 to over 100.
Although designed for current shunt measurement, the circuit
invites creative applications in measurement and level shifting.
APPLICATIONS
Both the INA138 and INA168 are available in SOT23-5 and
are specified for the –40°C to +125°C temperature range.
● CURRENT SHUNT MEASUREMENT:
Automotive, Telephone, Computers
● PORTABLE AND BATTERY-BACKUP
SYSTEMS
● BATTERY CHARGERS
● POWER MANAGEMENT
● CELL PHONES
● PRECISION CURRENT SOURCE
IS
RS
VIN+
Up To 60V
4
3
VIN+
VIN–
5kΩ
Load
5kΩ
V+
5
OUT
GND
2
VO = ISRSRL/5kΩ
1
RL
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Copyright © 1999-2005 Texas Instruments Incorporated
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.
www.ti.com
PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION(1)
SPECIFIED
TEMPERATURE
RANGE
PACKAGE
MARKING
ORDERING
NUMBER
TRANSPORT
MEDIA, QUANTITY
INA138NA/250
INA138NA/3K
Tape and Reel, 250
Tape and Reel, 3000
INA168NA/250
INA168NA/3K
Tape and Reel, 250
Tape and Reel, 3000
PRODUCT
PACKAGE-LEAD
PACKAGE
DESIGNATOR
INA138
SOT23-5 Surface-Mount
DBV
–40°C to +125°C
B38
"
"
"
"
"
INA168
SOT23-5 Surface-Mount
DBV
–40°C to +125°C
A68
"
"
"
"
"
NOTE: (1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI website at
www.ti.com.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1)
Supply Voltage, V+
INA138 ............................................................................... –0.3V to 60V
INA168 ............................................................................... –0.3V to 75V
Analog Inputs, VIN+, VIN–
INA138
Common Mode(2) ............................................................ –0.3V to 60V
Differential (VIN+) – (VIN–) .................................................. –40V to 2V
INA168
Common Mode(2) ............................................................ –0.3V to 75V
Differential (VIN+) – (VIN–) .................................................. –40V to 2V
Analog Output, Out(2) ........................................................... –0.3V to 40V
Input Current Into Any Pin ............................................................... 10mA
Operating Temperature .................................................. –55°C to +150°C
Storage Temperature ..................................................... –65°C to +150°C
Junction Temperature .................................................................... +150°C
ELECTROSTATIC
DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling
and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits
may be more susceptible to damage because very small
parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its
published specifications.
NOTE: (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage.
Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade
device reliability. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions beyond those specified is not implied.
(2) The input voltage at any pin may exceed the voltage shown if the current
at that pin is limited to 10mA.
PIN CONFIGURATION
Top View
2
SOT23
OUT
1
GND
2
VIN+
3
5
V+
4
VIN–
INA138, INA168
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SBOS122C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = –40°C to +125°C.
All other characteristics at TA = +25°C, VS = 5V, VIN+ = 12V, and ROUT = 125kΩ, unless otherwise noted.
INA138NA
PARAMETER
CONDITION
INPUT
Full-Scale Sense Voltage
Common-Mode Input Range
Common-Mode Rejection
MIN
VSENSE = VIN+ – VIN–
VIN+ = 2.7V to 40V, VSENSE = 50mV
VIN+ = 2.7V to 60V, VSENSE = 50mV
2.7
100
MIN
100
500
36
✽
1
0.1
V– = 2.7V to 40V, VSENSE = 50mV
V– = 2.7V to 60V, VSENSE = 50mV
TYP
MAX
UNITS
✽
✽
60
mV
V
dB
dB
mV
mV
µV/°C
µV/V
µV/V
µA
µA
120
100
Input Bias Current
vs Temperature
±1
±2
120
✽
✽
✽
✽
10
2
0.1
✽
10
✽
✽
✽
10
OUTPUT
Transconductance
Over Temperature
vs Temperature
Nonlinearity Error
Total Output Error
Over Temperature
Output Impedance
Voltage Output
Swing to Power Supply, V+
Swing to Common Mode, VCM
TA = +25°C, VSENSE = 10mV – 150mV
198
196
VSENSE = 100mV
VSENSE = 10mV to 150mV
VSENSE = 100mV
200
10
±0.01
±0.5
±2.5
1 || 5
202
204
✽
✽
✽
✽
✽
✽
✽
±0.1
±2
✽
✽
(V+) – 0.8 (V+) – 1.0
VCM – 0.5 VCM – 0.8
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Bandwidth
Settling Time (0.1%)
NOISE
Output-Current Noise Density
Total Output-Current Noise
POWER SUPPLY
Operating Range, V+
Quiescent Current
Over Temperature
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Specification, TMIN to TMAX
Operating
Storage
Thermal Resistance
MAX
±0.2
Offset Voltage(1)
Over Temperature
vs Temperature
vs Power Supply, V+
INA168NA
TYP
µA/V
µA/V
nA/°C
✽
✽
%
%
%
GΩ || pF
✽
✽
V
V
ROUT = 5kΩ
ROUT = 125kΩ
5V Step, ROUT = 5kΩ
5V Step, ROUT = 125kΩ
800
32
1.8
30
✽
✽
✽
✽
kHz
kHz
µs
µs
BW = 100kHz
9
3
✽
✽
pA/√Hz
nA RMS
2.7
TA = +25°C, VSENSE = 0, IO = 0
25
–40
–55
–65
θJA
200
36
45
60
✽
125
150
150
✽
✽
✽
✽
✽
60
✽
✽
V
µA
µA
✽
✽
✽
°C
°C
°C
°C/W
✽ specification same as INA138NA
NOTE: (1) Defined as the amount of input voltage, VSENSE, to drive the output to zero.
INA138, INA168
SBOS122C
www.ti.com
3
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, VIN+ = 12V, and RL = 125kΩ, unless otherwise noted.
COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs FREQUENCY
GAIN vs FREQUENCY
40
120
Common-Mode Rejection (dB)
RL = 500kΩ
30
RL = 50kΩ
Gain (dB)
20
10
RL = 5kΩ
0
–10
CL = 10nF
CL = 1nF
CL = 100pF
–20
G = 100
100
80
G = 10
60
G=1
40
20
0
100
10k
1k
100k
10M
1M
0.1
10
1
Frequency (Hz)
100
TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs VIN
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION vs FREQUENCY
5
VIN = (VIN+ – VIN–)
120
Total Output Error (%)
Power-Supply Rejection (dB)
–55°C
G = 100
100
G = 10
80
G=1
60
0
+150°C
–5
+25°C
–10
40
–15
20
1
100
1k
Frequency (Hz)
10
0
100k
10k
25
50
75
100
125
150
200
VIN (mV)
TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR
vs POWER-SUPPLY VOLTAGE
QUIESCENT CURRENT
vs POWER-SUPPLY VOLTAGE
2
50
Output error is essentially
independent of both
V+ supply voltage and
input common-mode voltage.
1
Quiescent Current (µA)
Total Output Error (%)
100k
Frequency (Hz)
140
G=1
0
G = 10
G = 25
–1
–2
+150°
40
+125°
30
+25°
–55°
20
Use INA168 with
(V+) > 36V
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
Power-Supply Voltage (V)
4
10k
1k
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Power-Supply Voltage (V)
INA138, INA168
www.ti.com
SBOS122C
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Cont.)
At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, VIN+ = 12V, and RL = 125kΩ, unless otherwise noted.
STEP RESPONSE
STEP RESPONSE
200mV
G=1
G = 25
100mV
0V
1V/div
50mV/div
100mV
G=1
G = 10
0mV
0V
10µs/div
10µs/div
OPERATION
Figure 1 illustrates the basic circuit diagram for both the
INA138 and INA168. Load current IS is drawn from supply VS
through shunt resistor RS. The voltage drop in shunt resistor
VS is forced across RG1 by the internal op amp, causing
current to flow into the collector of Q1. External resistor RL
converts the output current to a voltage, VOUT, at the OUT pin.
The transfer function for the INA138 is:
IO = gm (VIN+ – VIN– )
(1)
where gm = 200µA/V.
In the circuit of Figure 1, the input voltage, (VIN+ – VIN– ), is
equal to IS • RS and the output voltage, VOUT, is equal to
IO • RL. The transconductance, gm, of the INA138 is
200µA/V. The complete transfer function for the current
measurement amplifier in this application is:
VOUT = (IS) (RS) (200µA/V) (RL)
(2)
The maximum differential input voltage for accurate measurements is 0.5V, which produces a 100µA output current.
A differential input voltage of up to 2V will not cause damage.
Differential measurements (pins 3 and 4) must be unipolar
with a more-positive voltage applied to pin 3. If a morenegative voltage is applied to pin 3, the output current, IO, will
be zero, but it will not cause damage.
BASIC CONNECTION
Figure 1 shows the basic connection of the INA138. The
input pins, VIN+ and VIN– , should be connected as closely as
possible to the shunt resistor to minimize any resistance in
series with the shunt resistance. The output resistor, RL, is
shown connected between pin 1 and ground. Best accuracy
is achieved with the output voltage measured directly across
RL. This is especially important in high-current systems
where load current could flow in the ground connections,
affecting the measurement accuracy.
No power-supply bypass capacitors are required for stability
of the INA138. However, applications with noisy or highimpedance power supplies may require decoupling capacitors to reject power-supply noise. Connect bypass capacitors
close to the device pins.
POWER SUPPLIES
The input circuitry of the INA138 can accurately measure
beyond its power-supply voltage, V+. For example, the V+
power supply can be 5V, whereas the load power supply
voltage is up to +36V (or +60V with the INA168). The output
voltage range of the OUT terminal, however, is limited by the
lesser of the two voltages (see “Output Voltage Range” section).
SELECTING RS AND RL
The value chosen for the shunt resistor, RS, depends on the
application and is a compromise between small-signal accuracy and maximum permissible voltage loss in the measurement line. High values of RS provide better accuracy at lower
currents by minimizing the effects of offset, while low values of
RS minimize voltage loss in the supply line. For most applications, best performance is attained with an RS value that
provides a full-scale shunt voltage range of 50mV to 100mV.
Maximum input voltage for accurate measurements is 500mV.
RL is chosen to provide the desired full-scale output voltage.
The output impedance of the INA138 OUT terminal is very
high which permits using values of RL up to 500kΩ with
excellent accuracy. The input impedance of any additional
circuitry at the output should be much higher than the value
of RL to avoid degrading accuracy.
INA138, INA168
SBOS122C
500mV/div
www.ti.com
5
VP
Load Power Supply
+2.7 to 36V(1)
Shunt
RS
VIN+
VIN–
4
3
V+ power can be common or
V+
independent of load supply.
RG1
5kΩ
2.7 ≤ (V+) ≤ 36V(1)
IS
Load
RG2
5kΩ
5
Q1
VOLTAGE GAIN
EXACT RL (Ω)
NEAREST 1% RL (Ω)
1
5k
4.99k
2
10k
10k
5
25k
24.9k
10
50k
49.9k
20
100k
100k
50
250k
249k
100
500k
499k
INA138
2
OUT
1
+
I0
RL
VO
–
NOTE: (1) Maximum VP and V+ voltage is 60V with INA168.
FIGURE 1. Basic Circuit Connections.
Some Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converters have input impedances that will significantly affect measurement gain. The input
impedance of the A/D converter can be included as part of the
effective RL if its input can be modeled as a resistor to ground.
Alternatively, an op amp can be used to buffer the A/D converter
input. Figure 1 shows the recommended values of RL.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE
The output of the INA138 is a current, which is converted to
a voltage by the load resistor, RL. The output current remains
accurate within the compliance voltage range of the output
circuitry. The shunt voltage and the input common-mode and
power-supply voltages limit the maximum possible output
swing. The maximum output voltage compliance is limited by
the lower of the two equations below:
Vout
max
= (V+) – 0.7V – (VIN+ – VIN–)
(3)
or
Vout
max
= VIN– – 0.5V
BANDWIDTH
Measurement bandwidth is affected by the value of the load
resistor, RL. High gain produced by high values of RL will
yield a narrower measurement bandwidth (see Typical
Characteristics). For widest possible bandwidth, keep the
capacitive load on the output to a minimum. Reduction in
bandwidth due to capacitive load is shown in the Typical
Characteristics.
If bandwidth limiting (filtering) is desired, a capacitor can be
added to the output (see Figure 3). This will not cause
instability.
APPLICATIONS
The INA138 is designed for current shunt measurement
circuits, as shown in Figure 1, but its basic function is useful
in a wide range of circuitry. A creative engineer will find many
unforeseen uses in measurement and level shifting circuits.
A few ideas are illustrated in Figures 2 through 7.
(4)
(whichever is lower)
6
INA138, INA168
www.ti.com
SBOS122C
IS
3
3
4
4
f–3dB
1
f–3dB =
2πRLCL
INA138
INA138
ZIN
OPA340
RL
VO
CL
RL
Buffer of amp drives A/D converter
without affecting gain.
FIGURE 3. Output Filter.
FIGURE 2. Buffering Output to Drive an A/D Converter.
3
4
3
VR
INA138
4
REF200
100µA
INA138
R1
VO
1
V+
VO
1
R2
RL
Gain Set by R1 R2
(VR)R2
R1 + R 2
Gain Set by RL
Output Offset = (100µA)(RL)
(independent of V+)
Output Offset =
a) Using resistor divider.
b) Using current source.
FIGURE 4. Offsetting the Output Voltage.
±1A
Charger
1Ω
3
+5V
4
4
5kΩ
3
+5V
5kΩ
5
+
5
Load
48V
INA168
2
1
INA168
2
1
Comparator
IN4148
IN4148
SIGN
10kΩ
10kΩ
0V to 1V
VO
100kΩ
FIGURE 5. Bipolar Current Measurement.
INA138, INA168
SBOS122C
www.ti.com
7
RS
V+
4
3
4
3
+5V
+5V
+5V
BUFOUT
REFOUT BUFIN
5
5
Digital
I/O
INA138
BUF
INA138
2
1
REF
2
1
RL
25kΩ
MUX
RL
25kΩ
Clock
Divider
Oscillator
12-Bit
A/D
Converter
PGIA
Serial
I/O
ADS7870
A/D converter programmed for differential input.
Depending on polarity of current, one INA138 provides
an output voltage, the output of the other is zero.
FIGURE 6. Bipolar Current Measurement Using Differential Input of A/D Converter.
Other INA168s
Digital I/O on the ADS7870 provides power to select
the desired INA168. Diodes prevent output current of
the on INA168 from flowing into the off INA168.
INA168
V+
+5V
––
BUFOUT
REFOUT BUFIN
Digital
I/O
REF
BUF
INA168
V+
––
MUX
12-Bit
A/D
Converter
PGIA
IN4148
RL
Clock
Divider
Oscillator
Serial
I/O
ADS7870
FIGURE 7. Multiplexed Measurement Using Logic Signal for Power.
8
INA138, INA168
www.ti.com
SBOS122C
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
11-Apr-2013
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
Lead/Ball Finish
(2)
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Top-Side Markings
(3)
(4)
INA138NA/250
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
B38
INA138NA/250G4
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
B38
INA138NA/3K
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
B38
INA138NA/3KG4
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
B38
INA168NA/250
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
A68
INA168NA/250G4
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
A68
INA168NA/3K
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
A68
INA168NA/3KG4
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
A68
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
Addendum-Page 1
Samples
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
11-Apr-2013
(4)
Multiple Top-Side Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Top-Side Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a
continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Top-Side Marking for that device.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF INA138, INA168 :
• Automotive: INA138-Q1, INA168-Q1
NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions:
• Automotive - Q100 devices qualified for high-reliability automotive applications targeting zero defects
Addendum-Page 2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
31-Aug-2011
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Package Pins
Type Drawing
SPQ
Reel
Reel
A0
Diameter Width (mm)
(mm) W1 (mm)
INA138NA/250
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
178.0
9.0
B0
(mm)
K0
(mm)
P1
(mm)
W
Pin1
(mm) Quadrant
3.23
3.17
1.37
4.0
8.0
Q3
INA138NA/3K
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
178.0
9.0
3.23
3.17
1.37
4.0
8.0
Q3
INA168NA/250
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
178.0
9.0
3.23
3.17
1.37
4.0
8.0
Q3
INA168NA/3K
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
178.0
9.0
3.23
3.17
1.37
4.0
8.0
Q3
Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
31-Aug-2011
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Type
Package Drawing
Pins
SPQ
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
INA138NA/250
SOT-23
DBV
INA138NA/3K
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
180.0
180.0
18.0
5
3000
180.0
180.0
18.0
INA168NA/250
SOT-23
DBV
INA168NA/3K
SOT-23
DBV
5
250
180.0
180.0
18.0
5
3000
180.0
180.0
18.0
Pack Materials-Page 2
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