Intersil ISL70001SRHEVAL1Z Radiation hardened and see hardened 6a synchronous buck regulator Datasheet

Radiation Hardened and SEE Hardened 6A
Synchronous Buck Regulator with Integrated MOSFETs
ISL70001SRH
Features
The ISL70001SRH is a radiation hardened and SEE hardened
high efficiency monolithic synchronous buck regulator with
integrated MOSFETs. This single chip power solution operates
over an input voltage range of 3V to 5.5V and provides a tightly
regulated output voltage that is externally adjustable from 0.8V
to ~85% of the input voltage. Output load current capacity is 6A
for TJ < +145°C.
• Electrically Screened to DSCC SMD 5962-09225
The ISL70001SRH utilizes peak current-mode control with
integrated compensation and switches at a fixed frequency of
1MHz. Two ISL70001SRH devices can be synchronized 180°
out-of-phase to reduce input RMS ripple current. These attributes
reduce the number and size of external components required,
while providing excellent output transient response. The
internal synchronous power switches are optimized for high
efficiency and good thermal performance.
The chip features a comparator type enable input that provides
flexibility. It can be used for simple digital on/off control or,
alternately, can provide undervoltage lockout capability by
using two external resistors to precisely sense the level of an
external supply voltage. A power-good signal indicates when the
output voltage is within ±11% typical of the nominal output
voltage.
Regulator start-up is controlled by an analog soft-start circuit,
which can be adjusted from approximately 2ms to 200ms by
using an external capacitor.
The ISL70001SRH incorporates fault protection for the
regulator. The protection circuits include input undervoltage,
output undervoltage, and output overcurrent.
High integration makes the ISL70001SRH an ideal choice to
power many of today’s small form factor applications. Two
devices can be synchronized to provide a complete power
solution for large scale digital ICs, like field programmable gate
arrays (FPGAs), that require separate core and I/O voltages.
Specifications for Rad Hard QML devices are controlled by the
Defense Supply Center in Columbus (DSCC). The SMD numbers
listed in the Ordering Information table on page 2 must be used
when ordering.
• QML Qualified per MIL-PRF-38535 Requirements
• Full Mil-Temp Range Operation (TA = -55°C to +125°C)
• Radiation Hardness
- Total Dose [50-300rad(Si)/s] . . . . . . . . . . .100krad(Si) min
• SEE Hardness
- SEL and SEB LETeff . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.4MeV/mg/cm2 min
- SEFI X-section (LETeff = 86.4MeV/mg/cm2) 1.4 x 10-6 cm2
max
- SET LETeff (< 1 Pulse Perturbation) 86.4MeV/mg/cm2 min
• High Efficiency > 90%
• Fixed 1MHz Operating Frequency
• Operates from 3V to 5.5V Supply
• ±1% Reference Voltage over Line, Load, Temperature and
Radiation
• Adjustable Output Voltage
- Two External Resistors Set VOUT from 0.8V to ~85% of VIN
• Excellent Dynamic Response
• Bi-directional SYNC Pin Allows Two Devices to be Synchronized
180° Out-of-Phase
• Device Enable with Comparator Type Input
• Power-Good Output Voltage Monitor
• Adjustable Analog Soft-Start
• Input Undervoltage, Output Undervoltage and Output
Overcurrent Protection
• Starts Into Pre-Biased Load
Applications
• FPGA, CPLD, DSP, CPU Core or I/O Voltages
• Low-Voltage, High-Density Distributed Power Systems
Detailed Electrical Specifications for these devices are contained
in SMD 5962-09225. This link is also available on the
ISL70001SRH device information page on the Intersil web site.
May 23, 2011
FN6947.1
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2009, 2011. All Rights Reserved
Intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries.
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL70001SRH
AVDD
AGND
DVDD
DGND
EN
Functional Block Diagram
POWER-ON
RESET (POR)
PORSEL
PVINx
CURRENT
SENSE
SLOPE
COMPENSATION
SOFT
START
SS
EA
FB
PWM
CONTROL
LOGIC
GM
GATE
DRIVE
LXx
COMPENSATION
PGNDx
UV
POWER-GOOD
PGOOD
PWM
REFERENCE
0.6V
REF
TDI
BIT
TDO
TRIM
ZAP
SYNC
M/S
Ordering Information
ORDERING NUMBER
PART NUMBER
(Note 2)
5962R0922501QXC
ISL70001SRHQF (Note 1)
5962R0922501VXC
5962R0922501V9A
TEMP. RANGE
(°C)
PACKAGE
-55 to +125
48 Ld CQFP (Pb-Free)
ISL70001SRHVF (Note 1)
-55 to +125
48 Ld CQFP (Pb-Free)
ISL70001SRHVX
-55 to +125
Die
ISL70001SRHF/PROTO
ISL70001SRHF/PROTO (Note 1)
-55 to +125
48 Ld CQFP (Pb-Free)
ISL70001SRHX/SAMPLE
ISL70001SRHX/SAMPLE
-55 to +125
Die
ISL70001SRHEVAL1Z
Evaluation Board
NOTE:
1. These Intersil Pb-free Hermetic packaged products employ 100% Au plate - e4 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both
SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations.
2. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL70001SRH. For more information on MSL, please see Tech Brief
TB363.
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May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
Pin Configuration
3
2
1 48 47 46 45 44 43
42
PVIN3
PGND1
4
PVIN2
PGND1
5
PVIN2
LX1
6
LX2
PVIN1
PGND2
PVIN1
PGND2
SYNC
ISL70001SRH
(48 LD CQFP)
TOP VIEW
PVIN3
11
38
PGND4
SS
12
37
PGND4
DVDD
13
36
LX4
DVDD
14
35
PVIN4
DGND
15
34
PVIN4
DGND
16
33
PVIN5
AGND
17
32
PVIN5
AGND
31
18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
LX5
PGND5
PGND5
PGND3
PGOOD
PGND6
39
PGND6
10
LX6
PGND3
TDO
PVIN6
40
PVIN6
9
PORSEL
LX3
TDI
EN
41
FB
ZAP
8
REF
7
AVDD
M/S
Pin Descriptions
PIN NUMBER
PIN NAME
DESCRIPTION
1, 2, 27, 28, 29, 30,
37, 38, 39, 40, 47,
48
PGNDx
These pins are the power grounds associated with the corresponding internal power blocks. Connect these pins
directly to the ground plane. These pins should also connect to the negative terminals of the input and output
capacitors. Locate the input and output capacitors as close as possible to the IC.
3, 26, 31, 36, 41,
46
LXx
These pins are the outputs of the corresponding internal power blocks and should be connected to the output
filter inductor. Internally, these pins are connected to the synchronous MOSFET power switches. To minimize
voltage undershoot, it is recommended that a Schottky diode be connected from these pins to PGNDx. The
Schottky diode should be located as close as possible to the IC.
4, 5, 24, 25, 32, 33,
34, 35, 42, 43, 44,
45
PVINx
These pins are the power supply inputs to the corresponding internal power blocks. These pins must be
connected to a common power supply rail, which must fall in the range of 3V to 5.5V. Bypass these pins directly
to PGNDx with ceramic capacitors located as close as possible to the IC.
6
SYNC
This pin is the synchronization I/O for the IC. When configured as an output (Master Mode), this pin drives the
SYNC input of another ISL70001SRH. When configured as an input (Slave Mode), this pin accepts the SYNC
output from another ISL70001SRH or an external clock. Synchronization of the slave unit is 180° out-of-phase
with respect to the master unit. If synchronizing to an external clock, the clock must be SEE hardened and the
frequency must be within the range of 1MHz ±20%.
7
M/S
This pin is the Master/Slave input for selecting the direction of the bi-directional SYNC pin. For SYNC = Output
(Master Mode), connect this pin to DVDD. For SYNC = Input (Slave Mode), connect this pin to DGND.
8
ZAP
This pin is a trim input and is used to adjust various internal circuitry. Connect this pin to DGND.
9
TDI
This pin is the test data input of the internal BIT circuitry. Connect this pin to DGND.
10
TDO
This pin is the test data output of the internal BIT circuitry. Connect this pin to DGND.
11
PGOOD
This pin is the power-good output. This pin is an open drain logic output that is pulled to DGND when the output
voltage is outside a ±11% typical regulation window. This pin can be pulled up to any voltage from 0V to 5.5V,
independent of the supply voltage. A nominal 1kΩ to 10kΩ pull-up resistor is recommended. Bypass this pin
to DGND with a 10nF ceramic capacitor to mitigate SEE.
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May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
Pin Descriptions (Continued)
PIN NUMBER
PIN NAME
DESCRIPTION
12
SS
This pin is the soft-start input. Connect a ceramic capacitor from this pin to DGND to set the soft-start output
ramp time in accordance with Equation 1:
t SS = C SS ⋅ V REF ⁄ I SS
(EQ. 1)
Where:
tSS = Soft-start output ramp time
CSS = Soft-start capacitor
VREF = Reference voltage (0.6V typical)
ISS = Soft-start charging current (23µA typical)
Soft-start time is adjustable from approximately 2ms to 200ms.
The range of the soft-start capacitor should be 82nF to 8.2µF, inclusive.
13, 14
DVDD
These pins are the bias supply inputs to the internal digital control circuitry. Connect these pins together at the
IC and locally filter them to DGND using a 1Ω resistor and a 1µF ceramic capacitor. Locate both filter
components as close as possible to the IC.
15, 16
DGND
These pins are the digital ground associated with the internal digital control circuitry. Connect these pins
directly to the ground plane.
17, 18
AGND
These pins are the analog ground associated with the internal analog control circuitry. Connect these pins
directly to the ground plane.
19
AVDD
This pin is the bias supply input to the internal analog control circuitry. Locally filter this pin to AGND using a 1Ω
resistor and a 1µF ceramic capacitor. Locate both filter components as close as possible to the IC.
20
REF
This pin is the internal reference voltage output. Bypass this pin to AGND with a 220nF ceramic capacitor
located as close as possible to the IC. The bypass capacitor is needed to mitigate SEE. No current (sourcing or
sinking) is available from this pin.
21
FB
This pin is the voltage feedback input to the internal error amplifier. Connect a resistor from FB to VOUT and
from FB to AGND to adjust the output voltage in accordance with Equation 2:
V OUT = V REF ⋅ [ 1 + ( R T ⁄ R B ) ]
(EQ. 2)
Where:
VOUT = Output voltage
VREF = Reference voltage (0.6V typical)
RT = Top divider resistor (Must be 1kΩ)
RB = Bottom divider resistor
The top divider resistor must be 1kΩ to mitigate SEE. Connect a 4.7nF ceramic capacitor across RT to mitigate SEE
and to improve stability margins.
22
EN
This pin is the enable input to the IC. This is a comparator type input with a rising threshold of 0.6V and
programmable hysteresis. Driving this pin above 0.6V enables the IC. Bypass this pin to AGND with a 10nF
ceramic capacitor to mitigate SEE.
23
PORSEL
This pin is the input for selecting the rising and falling POR (Power-On-Reset) thresholds. For a nominal 5V
supply, connect this pin to DVDD. For a nominal 3.3V supply, connect this pin to DGND. For nominal supply
voltages between 5V and 3.3V, connect this pin to DGND.
4
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May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
Typical Application Schematic
PVIN1
LX1
PVIN2
LX2
PVIN3
LX3
PVIN4
LX4
PVIN5
LX5
5V
100µF
1µF
1µF
1µH
LX6
PVIN6
1
1.8V
6A
470µF
20V
3A
DVDD
1kΩ
FB
1µF
ISL70001SRH
0V TO 5.5V
DGND
1
4.7nF
499Ω
PGOOD
AVDD
10nF
1µF
VSENSE
SYNC
AGND
REF
EN
10nF
220nF
M/S
PORSEL
TDI
SS
TDO
100nF
PGND6
PGND5
PGND4
PGND3
PGND2
PGND1
ZAP
FIGURE 1. 5V INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE WITH MASTER MODE SYNCHRONIZATION
5
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May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
Typical Application Schematic (Continued)
PVIN1
LX1
PVIN2
LX2
PVIN3
LX3
PVIN4
LX4
PVIN5
LX5
3.3V
100µF
1µF
1µF
1µH
PVIN6
1
LX6
470µF
20V
3A
DVDD
1kΩ
4.7nF
FB
1µF
ISL70001SRH
0V TO 5.5V
DGND
1
1.8V
6A
499Ω
PGOOD
AVDD
10nF
1µF
VSENSE
SYNC
AGND
REF
EN
220nF
M/S
10nF
PORSEL
TDI
SS
TDO
100nF
PGND6
PGND5
PGND4
PGND3
PGND2
PGND1
ZAP
FIGURE 2. 3.3V INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE WITH SLAVE MODE SYNCHRONIZATION
6
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ISL70001SRH
Electrical Specifications
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = AVDD = DVDD = PVINx = EN = M/S = 3V or 5.5V; GND = AGND = DGND =
PGNDx = TDI = TDO = ZAP = 0V; FB = 0.65V; PORSEL = VIN for 4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V and GND for VIN < 4.5V, SYNC = LXx = Open Circuit; PGOOD is
pulled up to VIN with a 1k resistor; REF is bypassed to GND with a 220nF capacitor; SS is bypassed to GND with a 100nF capacitor; IOUT = 0A;
TA = TJ = +25°C. (Note 3)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 4)
TYP
MAX
(Note 4)
UNITS
POWER SUPPLY
Operating Supply Current
Shutdown Supply Current
VIN = 5.5V
40
mA
VIN = 3.6V
25
mA
VIN = 5.5V, EN = GND
6
mA
VIN = 3.6V, EN = GND
3
mA
0.6
V
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Reference Voltage Tolerance
Output Voltage Tolerance
VOUT = 0.8V to 2.5V for VIN = 4.5V to 5.5V,
VOUT = 0.8V to 2.5V for VIN = 3V to 3.6V,
IOUT = 0A to 6A (Notes 5, 6)
0
%
Feedback (FB) Input Leakage Current
VIN = 5.5V, VFB = 0.6V
0
µA
Oscillator Accuracy
1
MHz
External Oscillator Range
1
MHz
PWM CONTROL LOGIC
Minimum LXx On Time
VIN = 5.5V, Test Mode
110
ns
Minimum LXx Off Time
VIN = 5.5V, Test Mode
40
ns
Minimum LXx On Time
VIN = 3V, Test Mode
150
ns
Minimum LXx Off Time
VIN = 3V, Test Mode
50
ns
Master/Slave (M/S) Input Voltage
Input High Threshold
1.3
V
Input Low Threshold
1.2
V
0
µA
Input High Threshold, M/S = GND
1.7
V
Input Low Threshold, M/S = GND
1.5
V
0
µA
Master/Slave (M/S) Input Leakage Current VIN = 5.5V, M/S = GND or VIN
Synchronization (SYNC) Input Voltage
Synchronization (SYNC) Input Leakage
Current
VIN = 5.5V, M/S = GND, SYNC = GND or VIN
Synchronization (SYNC) Output Voltage
VIN - VOH @ IOH = -1mA
0.15
V
VOL@ IOL = 1mA
0.15
V
Upper Device rDS(ON)
VIN = 3V, 0.4A Per Power Block, Test Mode (Note 6)
215
mΩ
Lower Device rDS(ON)
VIN = 3V, 0.4A Per Power Block, Test Mode (Note 6)
146
mΩ
LXx Output Leakage
VIN = 5.5V, EN = LXx = GND, Single LXx Output
0
µA
VIN = 5.5V, EN = GND, LXx = VIN, Single LXx Output
0
µA
Deadtime
Within a Single Power Block or between Power
Blocks (Note 6)
5
ns
Efficiency
VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 1.8V, IOUT = 3A
90
%
VIN = 5V, VOUT = 2.5V, IOUT = 3A
92
%
POWER BLOCKS
7
FN6947.1
May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
Electrical Specifications
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = AVDD = DVDD = PVINx = EN = M/S = 3V or 5.5V; GND = AGND = DGND =
PGNDx = TDI = TDO = ZAP = 0V; FB = 0.65V; PORSEL = VIN for 4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V and GND for VIN < 4.5V, SYNC = LXx = Open Circuit; PGOOD is
pulled up to VIN with a 1k resistor; REF is bypassed to GND with a 220nF capacitor; SS is bypassed to GND with a 100nF capacitor; IOUT = 0A;
TA = TJ = +25°C. (Note 3) (Continued)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 4)
TYP
MAX
(Note 4)
UNITS
POWER-ON RESET
POR Select (PORSEL)
Input High Threshold
1.4
V
Input Low Threshold
1.2
V
POR Select (PORSEL) Input Leakage
Current
VIN = 5.5V, PORSEL = GND or VIN
0
µA
VIN POR
Rising Threshold, PORSEL = VIN
4.25
V
Hysteresis, PORSEL = VIN
325
mV
Rising Threshold, PORSEL = GND
2.8
V
Hysteresis, PORSEL = GND
175
mV
Enable (EN) Input Voltage
Rising/Falling Threshold
0.6
V
Enable (EN) Input Leakage Current
VIN = 5.5V, EN = GND or VIN
0
µA
Enable (EN) Sink Current
EN = 0.3V
11
µA
SS = GND
23
µA
Soft-Start Discharge ON-Resistance
2.2
Ω
Soft-Start Discharge Time
256
Clock Cycles
SOFT-START
Soft-Start Source Current
POWER-GOOD SIGNAL
Rising Threshold
VFB as a % of VREF, Test Mode
111
%
Rising Hysteresis
VFB as a % of VREF, Test Mode
3.5
%
Falling Threshold
VFB as a % of VREF, Test Mode
89
%
Falling Hysteresis
VFB as a % of VREF, Test Mode
3.5
%
Power-Good Drive
VIN = 3V, PGOOD = 0.4V, EN = GND
8.2
mA
Power-Good Leakage
VIN = PGOOD = 5.5V
0.001
µA
PROTECTION FEATURES
Undervoltage Monitor
Undervoltage Trip Threshold
VIN = 3V, VFB as a % of VREF, Test mode
75
%
Undervoltage Recovery Threshold
VIN = 3V, VFB as a % of VREF, Test mode
88
%
Overcurrent Trip Level
LX4 Power Block, Test Mode, (Note 7)
1.9
A
Overcurrent or Short-Circuit Duty-Cycle
VIN = 3V, SS interval = 200µs, Test Mode, Fault
interval divided by hiccup interval
0.8
%
Overcurrent Monitor
NOTES:
3. Typical values shown are not guaranteed. Guaranteed min/max values are provided in the SMD.
4. Compliance to datasheet limits is assured by one or more methods: production test, characterization and/or design.
5. Limits do not include tolerance of external feedback resistors. The 0A to 6A output current range may be reduced by Minimum LXx On Time and
Minimum LXx Off Time specifications.
6. Limits established by characterization or analysis and are not production tested.
7. During an output short-circuit, peak current through the power block(s) can continue to build beyond the overcurrent trip level by up to 3A. With all six
power blocks connected, peak current through the power blocks and output inductor could reach (6 x 2.5A) + 3A = 18A. The output inductor must
support this peak current without saturating.
8
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May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
Functional Description
Output Voltage Selection
The ISL70001SRH is a monolithic, fixed frequency, current-mode
synchronous buck regulator with user configurable power blocks.
Two ISL70001SRH devices can be used to provide a total DC/DC
solution for FPGAs, CPLDs, DSPs and CPUs.
PVIN1
LX1
PGND1
POWER BLOCK 1
POWER BLOCK 6
PVIN6
LX6
PGND6
VREF = 0.6V
CREF = 220nF
RT = 1k
CC = 4.7nF
POWER BLOCK 2
PVIN3
LX3
PGND3
POWER BLOCK 3
POWER BLOCK 5
POWER BLOCK 4
PVIN5
LX5
PGND5
PVIN4
LX4
PGND4
FIGURE 3. POWER BLOCK DIAGRAM
Power Blocks
The power output stage of the regulator consists of six 1A
capable power blocks that are paralleled to provide full 6A
output current capability. The block diagram in Figure 3 shows a
top level view of the individual power blocks.
Each power block has a power supply input pin, PVINx, a phase
output pin, LXx, and a power supply ground pin, PGNDx. All PVINx
pins must be connected to a common power supply rail and all
PGNDx pins must be connected to a common ground. LXx pins
should be connected to the output inductor based on the
required load current, but must include the LX4 pin. For example,
if 3A of output current is needed, any three LXx pins can be
connected to the inductor as long as one of them is the LX4 pin.
The unused LXx pins should be left unconnected. Connecting all
six LXx pins to the output inductor provides a maximum 6A of
output current. See the “Typical Application Schematic” on
page 5 for pin connection guidance.
A scaled pilot device associated with each power block provides
current feedback. Power block 4 contains the master pilot device
and this is why it must be connected to the output inductor.
Main Control Loop
During normal operation, the internal top power switch is turned
on at the beginning of each clock cycle. Current in the output
inductor ramps up until the current comparator trips and turns
off the top power MOSFET. The bottom power MOSFET turns on
and the inductor current ramps down for the rest of the cycle.
The current comparator compares the output current at the
ripple current peak to a current pilot. The error amplifier monitors
VOUT and compares it with an internal reference voltage. The
output voltage of the error amplifier drives a proportional current
to the pilot. If VOUT is low, the current level of the pilot is
increased and the trip off current level of the output is increased.
The increased output current raises VOUT until it is in agreement
with the reference voltage.
9
VOUT
COUT
+
CC
RT
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
FB
PVIN2
LX2
PGND2
L
LXx OUT
VREF
REF
RB
CREF
FIGURE 4. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SELECTION
The output voltage of the ISL70001SRH can be adjusted using
an external resistor divider as shown in Figure 4. RT should be
selected as 1kΩ to mitigate SEE. RT should be shunted by a
4.7nF ceramic capacitor, CC, to mitigate SEE and to improve loop
stability margins. The REF pin should be bypassed to AGND with
a 220nF ceramic capacitor to mitigate SEE. It should be noted
that no current (sourcing or sinking) is available from the REF pin.
RB can be determined from Equation 3. The designer can
configure the output voltage from 0.8V to 85% of the input
voltage.
V REF
R B = R T ⋅ -------------------------------V OUT – V REF
(EQ. 3)
Switching Frequency/Synchronization
The ISL70001SRH features an internal oscillator running at a
fixed frequency of 1MHz ±15% over recommended operating
conditions. The regulator can be configured to run from the
internal oscillator or can be synchronized to another
ISL70001SRH or an SEE hardened external clock with a
frequency range of 1MHz ±20%.
To run the regulator from the internal oscillator, connect the M/S
pin to DVDD. In this case, the output of the internal oscillator
appears on the SYNC pin. To synchronize the regulator to the
SYNC output of another ISL70001SRH regulator or to an SEE
hardened external clock, connect the M/S pin to DGND. In this
case, the SYNC pin is an input that accepts an external
synchronizing signal. When synchronizing multiple devices, Slave
regulators are synchronized 180° out-of-phase with respect to
the SYNC output of a Master regulator or to an external clock.
Operation Initialization
The ISL70001SRH initializes based on the state of the power-on
reset (POR) monitor of the PVINx inputs and the state of the EN
input. Successful initialization prompts a soft-start interval, and
the regulator begins slowly ramping the output voltage. Once the
commanded output voltage is within the proper window of
operation, the power-good signal changes state from low to high,
indicating proper regulator operation.
Power-On Reset
The POR circuitry prevents the controller from attempting to
soft-start before sufficient bias is present at the PVINx pins.
FN6947.1
May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
The POR threshold of the PVINx pins is controlled by the PORSEL
pin. For a nominal 5V supply voltage, PORSEL should be
connected to DVDD. For a nominal 3.3V supply voltage, PORSEL
should be connected to DGND. For nominal supply voltages
between 5V and 3.3V, PORSEL should be connected to DGND.
The POR rising and falling thresholds are shown in the “Electrical
Specifications” table on page 8.
To mitigate SEE, the EN pin should be bypassed to the AGND pin
with a 10nF ceramic capacitor.
VR = 0.6V
IEN = 11µA
CEN = 10nF
Hysteresis between the rising and falling thresholds ensures that
small perturbations on PVINx seen during turn-on/turn-off of the
regulator do not cause inadvertent turn-off/turn-on of the
regulator. When the PVINx pins are below the POR rising
threshold, the internal synchronous power MOSFET switches are
turned off, and the LXx pins are held in a high-impedance state.
Enable and Disable
After the POR input requirement is met, the ISL70001SRH
remains in shutdown until the voltage at the enable input rises
above the enable threshold. As shown in Figure 5, the enable
circuit features a comparator type input. In addition to simple
logic on/off control, the enable circuit allows the level of an
external voltage to precisely gate the turn-on/turn-off of the
regulator. An internal IEN current sink with a typical value of
11µA is only active when the voltage on the EN pin is below the
enable threshold. The current sink pulls the EN pin low. As VIN2
rises, the enable level is not set exclusively by the resistor divider
from VIN2. With the current sink active, the enable level is
defined by Equation 4. R1 is the resistor from the EN pin to VIN2
and R2 is the resistor from the EN pin to the AGND pin.
R1
V ENABLE = V R ⋅ 1 + ------- + I EN ⋅ R1
R2
(EQ. 4)
Once the voltage at the EN pin reaches the enable threshold, the
IEN current sink turns off.
With the part enabled and the IEN current sink off, the disable
level is set by the resistor divider. The disable level is defined by
Equation 5.
R1
V DISABLE = V R ⋅ 1 + ------R2
(EQ. 5)
The difference between the enable and disable levels provides
adjustable hysteresis so that noise on VIN2 does not interfere
with the enabling or disabling of the regulator.
VIN1
PVINx
VIN2
ENABLE
COMPARATOR
R1
EN
+
-
POR
LOGIC
CEN
VR
R2
IEN
FIGURE 5. ENABLE CIRCUIT
Soft-Start
Once the POR and enable circuits are satisfied, the regulator
initiates a soft-start. Figure 6 shows that the soft-start circuit
clamps the error amplifier reference voltage to the voltage on an
external soft-start capacitor connected to the SS pin. The
soft-start capacitor is charged by an internal ISS current source.
As the soft-start capacitor is charged, the output voltage slowly
ramps to the set point determined by the reference voltage and
the feedback network. Once the voltage on the SS pin is equal to
the internal reference voltage, the soft-start interval is complete.
The controlled ramp of the output voltage reduces the inrush
current during start-up. The soft-start output ramp interval is
defined in Equation 6 and is adjustable from approximately 2ms
to 200ms. The value of the soft-start capacitor, CSS, should range
from 8.2nF to 8.2µF, inclusive. The peak inrush current can be
computed from Equation 7. The soft-start interval should be long
enough to ensure that the peak inrush current plus the peak
output load current does not exceed the overcurrent trip level of
the regulator.
V REF
t SS = C SS ⋅ ------------I
(EQ. 6)
SS
V OUT
I INRUSH = C OUT ⋅ ------------t
SS
(EQ. 7)
The soft-start capacitor is immediately discharged by a 2.2Ω
resistor whenever POR conditions are not met or EN is pulled low.
The soft-start discharge time is equal to 256 clock cycles.
10
FN6947.1
May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
VREF = 0.6V
ISS = 23µA
RD = 2.2Ω
VOUT
RT
FB
RB
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
+
+
PWM
LOGIC
SS
REF
VREF
CSS
CREF
RD
ISS
3-bit undervoltage counter increments. The counter is reset if the
feedback voltage rises back above the undervoltage threshold,
plus a specified amount of hysteresis outlined in the “Electrical
Specifications” table on page 8. If the 3-bit counter overflows, the
undervoltage protection logic shuts down the regulator.
After the regulator shuts down, it enters a delay interval
equivalent to the soft-start interval, which allows the device to
cool. The undervoltage counter is reset when the device enters
the delay interval. The protection logic initiates a normal
soft-start once the delay interval ends. If the output successfully
soft-starts, the power-good signal goes high, and normal
operation continues. If undervoltage conditions continue to exist
during the soft-start interval, the undervoltage counter must
overflow before the regulator shuts down again. This hiccup
mode continues indefinitely until the output soft-starts
successfully.
Overcurrent Protection
FIGURE 6. SOFT-START CIRCUIT
Power-Good
The power-good (PGOOD) pin is an open-drain logic output that
indicates when the output voltage of the regulator is within
regulation limits. The power-good pin pulls low during shutdown
and remains low when the controller is enabled. After a
successful soft-start, the PGOOD pin releases, and the voltage
rises with an external pull-up resistor. The power-good signal
transitions low immediately when the EN pin is pulled low.
The power-good circuitry monitors the FB pin and compares it to
the rising and falling thresholds shown in the “Electrical
Specifications” table on page 8. If the feedback voltage exceeds
the typical rising limit of 111% of the reference voltage, the
PGOOD pin pulls low. The PGOOD pin continues to pull low until
the feedback voltage falls to a typical of 107.5% of the reference
voltage. If the feedback voltage drops below a typical of 89% of
the reference voltage, the PGOOD pin pulls low. The PGOOD pin
continues to pull low until the feedback voltage rises to a typical
92.5% of the reference voltage. The PGOOD pin then releases
and signals the return of the output voltage to within the
power-good window.
A pilot device integrated into the PMOS transistor of Power Block 4
samples current each cycle. This current feedback is scaled and
compared to an overcurrent threshold based on the number of
power blocks connected. Each additional power block connected
beyond Power Block 4 increases the overcurrent limit by 2A. For
example, if three power blocks are connected, the typical current
limit threshold would be 3 x 2A = 6A.
If the sampled current exceeds the overcurrent threshold, a 3-bit
overcurrent counter increments by one LSB. If the sampled current
falls below the threshold before the counter overflows, the counter
is reset. Once the overcurrent counter reaches 111, the regulator
shuts down.
After the regulator shuts down, it enters a delay interval,
equivalent to the soft-start interval, which allows the device to
cool. The overcurrent counter is reset when the device enters the
delay interval. The protection logic initiates a normal soft-start
once the delay interval ends. If the output successfully
soft-starts, the power-good signal goes high, and normal
operation continues. If overcurrent conditions continue to exist
during the soft-start interval, the overcurrent counter must
overflow before the regulator shut downs the output again. This
hiccup mode continues indefinitely until the output soft-starts
successfully.
The PGOOD pin can be pulled up to any voltage from 0V to 5.5V,
independently from the supply voltage. The pull-up resistor
should have a nominal value from 1kΩ to 10kΩ. The PGOOD pin
should be bypassed to DGND, with a 10nF ceramic capacitor to
mitigate SEE.
Note: To prevent severe negative ringing that can disturb the
overcurrent counter, it is recommended that a Schottky diode of
appropriate rating be added from the LXx pins to the PGNDx pins.
Fault Monitoring and Protection
This design guide is intended to provide a high-level explanation
of the steps necessary to create a power converter. It is assumed
the reader is familiar with many of the basic skills and
techniques referenced below. In addition to this guide, Intersil
provides a complete evaluation board that includes schematic,
BOM, and an example PCB layout (see Ordering Information
table on page 2).
The ISL70001SRH actively monitors output voltage and current
to detect fault conditions. Fault conditions trigger protective
measures to prevent damage to the regulator and external load
device.
Undervoltage Protection
A hysteretic comparator monitors the FB pin of the regulator. The
feedback voltage is compared to an undervoltage threshold that
is a fixed percentage of the reference voltage. Once the
comparator trips, indicating a valid undervoltage condition, a
11
Component Selection Guide
Output Filter Design
The output inductor and the output capacitor bank together form
a low-pass filter responsible for smoothing the pulsating voltage
FN6947.1
May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
at the phase node. The filter must also provide the transient
energy until the regulator can respond. Since the filter has low
bandwidth relative to the switching frequency, it limits the
system transient response. The output capacitors must supply or
sink current while the current in the output inductor increases or
decreases to meet the load demand.
OUTPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION
The critical load parameters in choosing the output capacitors are
the maximum size of the load step (ΔISTEP), the load-current slew
rate (di/dt), and the maximum allowable output voltage deviation
under transient loading (ΔVMAX). Capacitors are characterized
according to their capacitance, ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance)
and ESL (Equivalent Series Inductance).
At the beginning of a load transient, the output capacitors supply all
of the transient current. The output voltage initially deviates by an
amount approximated by the voltage drop across the ESL. As the
load current increases, the voltage drop across the ESR increases
linearly until the load current reaches its final value. Neglecting the
contribution of inductor current and regulator response, the output
voltage initially deviates by an amount shown in Equation 8.
di
ΔV MAX ≈ ESL × ----- + [ ESR × ΔI STEP ]
dt
(EQ. 8)
The filter capacitors selected must have sufficiently low ESL and
ESR such that the total output voltage deviation is less than the
maximum allowable ripple.
Most capacitor solutions rely on a mixture of high frequency
capacitors with relatively low capacitance in combination with
bulk capacitors having high capacitance but larger ESR.
Minimizing the ESL of the high-frequency capacitors allows them
to support the output voltage as the current increases.
Minimizing the ESR of the bulk capacitors allows them to supply
the increased current with less output voltage deviation.
Ceramic capacitors with X7R dielectric are recommended.
Alternately, a combination of low ESR solid tantalum capacitors
and ceramic capacitors with X7R dielectric may be used.
The ESR of the bulk capacitors is responsible for most of the
output voltage ripple. As the bulk capacitors sink and source the
inductor AC ripple current, a voltage, VP-P(MAX), develops across
the bulk capacitor according to Equation 9.
( V IN – V OUT )V OUT
V P-P(MAX) = ESR × ---------------------------------------------L OUT × f s × V IN
(EQ. 9)
Another consideration in selecting the output capacitors is loop
stability. The total output capacitance sets the dominant pole of
the PWM. Because the ISL70001SRH uses integrated
compensation techniques, it is necessary to restrict the output
capacitance in order to optimize loop stability. The
recommended load capacitance can be estimated using
Equation 10.
1.8V
C OUT = 75μF × NumberofLXxPinsConnected × ------------V OUT
12
(EQ. 10)
OUTPUT INDUCTOR SELECTION
Once the output capacitors are selected, the maximum allowable
ripple voltage, VP-P(MAX), determines the lower limit on the
inductance as shown in Equation 11.
( V IN – V OUT )V OUT
L OUT ≥ ESR × -------------------------------------------------f s × V IN × V P-P(MAX)
(EQ. 11)
Since the output capacitors are supplying a decreasing portion of
the load current while the regulator recovers from the transient,
the capacitor voltage becomes slightly depleted. The output
inductor must be capable of assuming the entire load current
before the output voltage decreases more than ΔVMAX. This
places an upper limit on inductance.
Equation 12 gives the upper limit on output inductance for the
case when the trailing edge of the current transient causes a
greater output voltage deviation than the leading edge.
Equation 13 addresses the leading edge. Normally, the trailing
edge dictates the inductance selection because duty cycles are
usually <50%. Nevertheless, both inequalities should be
evaluated, and inductance should be governed based on the
lower of the two results. In each equation, LOUT is the output
inductance, COUT is the total output capacitance, and ΔIL(P-P) is
the peak-to-peak ripple current in the output inductor.
2 ⋅ C OUT ⋅ V OUT
ΔV MAX – ( ΔI L(P-P) ⋅ ESR )
L OUT ≤ --------------------------------------( ΔI STEP ) 2
(EQ. 12)
2 ⋅ C OUT
L OUT ≤ ------------------------- ΔV MAX – ( ΔI L(P-P) ⋅ ESR ) ⎛ V IN – V OUT⎞
⎝
⎠
( ΔI STEP ) 2
(EQ. 13)
The other concern when selecting an output inductor is to ensure
there is adequate slope compensation when the regulator is
operated above 50% duty cycle. Since the internal slope
compensation is fixed, output inductance should satisfy
Equation 14 to ensure this requirement is met.
4.32μH
L OUT ≥ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------NumberofLXxPinsConnected
(EQ. 14)
Input Capacitor Selection
Input capacitors are responsible for sourcing the AC component
of the input current flowing into the switching power devices.
Their RMS current capacity must be sufficient to handle the AC
component of the current drawn by the switching power devices,
which is related to duty cycle. The maximum RMS current
required by the regulator is closely approximated by Equation 15.
I RMS
MAX
=
V OUT ⎛
2 1 ⎛ V IN – V OUT V OUT⎞ 2⎞
----------------- × ⎜ I
+ ------ × ⎜ ---------------------------------- × -----------------⎟ ⎟
OUT
V IN
12 ⎝ L
V IN ⎠ ⎠
⎝
MAX
OUT × f s
(EQ. 15)
The important parameters to consider when selecting an input
capacitor are the voltage rating and the RMS ripple current
rating. For reliable operation, select capacitors with voltage
ratings at least 1.5x greater than the maximum input voltage.
The capacitor RMS ripple current rating should be higher than
the largest RMS ripple current required by the circuit.
FN6947.1
May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
Ceramic capacitors with X7R dielectric are recommended.
Alternately, a combination of low ESR solid tantalum capacitors
and ceramic capacitors with X7R dielectric may be used. The
ISL70001SRH requires a minimum effective input capacitance
of 100µF for stable operation.
Derating Current Capability
MAXIMUM AVERAGE CURRENT FOR
0.1% FAILURES AT 100,000 HOURS (A)
Most space programs issue specific derating guidelines for parts,
but these guidelines take the pedigree of the part into account.
For instance, a device built to MIL-PRF-38535, such as the
ISL70001, is already heavily derated from a current density
standpoint. However, a mil-temp or commercial IC that is
up-screened for use in space applications may need additional
current derating to ensure reliable operation because it was not
built to the same standards as the ISL70001.
13
12
12.14
10.18
9
7.25
7
6.16
6
5.3
6A @ +146°C
5
125
Locate the output voltage resistive divider as close as possible to
the FB pin of the IC. The top leg of the divider should connect
directly to the POL (Point of Load), and the bottom leg of the
divider should connect directly to AGND. The junction of the
resistive divider should connect directly to the FB pin.
Locate a Schottky clamp diode as close as possible to the LXx
and PGNDx pins of the IC. A small series R-C snubber connected
from the LXx pins to the PGNDx pins may be used to damp high
frequency ringing on the LXx pins, if desired.
Use a small island of copper to connect the LXx pins of the IC to
the output inductor on Layers 1 and 4. To minimize capacitive
coupling to the power and ground planes, void the copper on
Layers 2 and 3 adjacent to the island. Place most of the island of
Layer 4 to minimize the amount of copper that must be voided
from the ground plane (Layer 2).
MINIMUM OCP
LEVEL = 7.8A
8.57
8
4
120
Components should be placed as close as possible to the IC to
minimize stray inductance and resistance. Prioritize the
placement of bypass capacitors on the pins of the IC in the order
shown: REF, SS, AVDD, DVDD, PVINx (high frequency capacitors),
EN, PGOOD, PVINx (bulk capacitors).
PCB Layout
11
10
PCB Component Placement
130
135
140
145
150
Keep all other signal traces as short as possible.
155
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 7. CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE
Figure 7 shows the maximum average output current of the
ISL70001 with respect to junction temperature. These plots take
into account the worst-case current share mismatch in the power
blocks and the current density requirement of MIL-PRF-38535
(< 2 x 105 A/cm2). The plot clearly shows that the ISL70001 can
handle 12.1A at +125°C from a worst-case current density
standpoint, but the part is limited to 7.8A because that is the
lower limit of the current limit threshold with all six power blocks
connected.
PCB Design
For an example layout, see AN1518.
Thermal Management
For optimum thermal performance, place a pattern of vias on the
top layer of the PCB directly underneath the IC. Connect the vias
to the ground plane on Layer 2, which serves as a heat sink. To
ensure good thermal contact, thermal interface material such as
a Sil-Pad or thermally conductive epoxy should be used to fill the
gap between the vias and the bottom of the IC.
Lead Strain Relief
For strain relief, a Sil-Pad or a thin layer of thermally conductive
epoxy can be used to raise the bottom of the IC from the PCB
surface so that a slight bend can be added to the leads of the IC.
PCB design is critical to high-frequency switching regulator
performance. Careful component placement and trace routing
are necessary to reduce voltage spikes and minimize
undesirable voltage drops. Selection of a suitable thermal
interface material is also required for optimum heat dissipation
and to provide lead strain relief. See Table 1 on page 15 for
layout x-y coordinates.
PCB Plane Allocation
Four layers of 2-ounce copper are recommended. Layer 2 should
be a dedicated ground plane with all critical component ground
connections made with vias to this layer. Layer 3 should be a
dedicated power plane split between the input and output power
rails. Layers 1 and 4 should be used primarily for signals but can
also provide additional power and ground islands, as required.
13
FN6947.1
May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
Die Characteristics
BACKSIDE FINISH
Silicon
Die Dimensions
ASSEMBLY RELATED INFORMATION
5720µm x 5830µm (225.2 mils x 229.5 mils)
Thickness: 483µm ± 25.4µm (19.0 mils ± 1 mil)
Substrate Potential
PGND
Interface Materials
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
GLASSIVATION
Type: Silicon Oxide and Silicon Nitride
Thickness: 0.3µm ± 0.03µm to 1.2µm ± 0.12µm
Worst Case Current Density
TOP METALLIZATION
Transistor Count
< 2 x 105 A/cm2
25030
Type: AlCu (0.5%)
Thickness: 2.7µm ±0.4µm
Layout Characteristics
SUBSTRATE
Step and Repeat
Type: Silicon
Isolation: Junction
5720µm x 5830µm
Connect PGND to PGNDx
Metallization Mask Layout
ISL70001SRH
LX1
SYNC PVIN1
PGND1
PGND2
LX2
PVIN2
PVIN3
M/S
ZAP
LX3
TDI
TDO
PGND3
PGOOD
PGND4
SS
LX4
DVDD
PVIN4
PVIN5
DGND
PGND
LX5
AGND
AVDD
14
REF
FB
EN PORSEL
PVIN6
LX6
PGND6
PGND5
FN6947.1
May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
TABLE 1. LAYOUT X-Y COORDINATES
PAD NUMBER
X
(µm)
Y
(µm)
dX
(µm)
dY
(µm)
BOND WIRES
PER PAD
AVDD
15
478
263
135
135
1
REF
16
865
263
135
135
1
FB
17
1295
263
135
135
1
EN
18
1751
263
135
135
1
PORSEL
19
2151
263
135
135
1
PVIN6
20
2838
188
521
135
3
LX6
21
3449
188
521
135
3
PGND6
22
4060
188
521
135
3
PGND5
23
4845
188
521
135
3
LX5
24
5449
925
135
521
3
PVIN5
25
5449
1651
135
521
3
PVIN4
26
5449
2263
135
521
3
LX4
27
5449
2874
135
521
3
PGND4
28
5449
3485
135
521
3
PGND3
29
5449
4096
135
521
3
LX3
30
5449
4745
135
521
3
PVIN3
31
4941
5559
521
135
3
PVIN2
32
4137
5559
521
135
3
LX2
33
3449
5559
521
135
3
PGND2
34
2838
5559
521
135
3
PGND1
1
2227
5559
521
135
3
LX1
2
1578
5559
521
135
3
PVIN1
3
962
5559
521
135
3
SYNC
4
544
5559
135
135
1
M/S
5
226
5280
135
135
1
ZAP
6
226
4910
135
135
1
TDI
7
226
4540
135
135
1
TDO
8
226
4170
135
135
1
PGOOD
9
226
3777
135
135
1
SS
10
226
3425
135
135
1
DVDD
11
226
2566
135
333
2
DGND
12
226
1538
135
333
2
PGND
13
226
1018
135
135
1
AGND
14
226
654
135
135
1
PAD NAME
15
FN6947.1
May 23, 2011
ISL70001SRH
Revision History
The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make
sure you have the latest Rev.
DATE
REVISION
CHANGE
5/3/11
FN6947.1
• On page 1: changed “Detailed Electrical Specifications for these devices are contained in SMD 5962-09225.
A link is provided on our website for downloading.” to “Detailed Electrical Specifications for these devices
are contained in SMD 5962-09225. This link is also available on the ISL70001SRH device information page
on the Intersil web site.” Corrected SMD 5962-09225 link from
http://www.dscc.dla.mil/downloads/milspec/smd/00538.pdf to
http://www.dscc.dla.mil/Downloads/MilSpec/smd/09225.pdf. Added link to Technical Documentation
section of ISL70001SRH device information page.
• On page 2: in Ordering Information table, added “ISL70001SRHEVAL1Z Evaluation Board.”
• On page 8: Added typical Power-Good Drive specification of 8.2mA. Changed typical Power-Good leakage
current from 0µA to 0.001µA. In the “Electrical Specifications” table, added "Guaranteed min/max values
are provided in the SMD." to Note 3. Added Note 4, “Compliance to datasheet limits is assured by one or
more methods: production test, characterization and/or design.” and referenced it in MIN and MAX column
heads.
• On page 13: Added the “Derating Current Capability” section and Figure 7. Under “PCB Layout”, added
reference to AN1518.
12/15/09
FN6947.0
Initial Release
Products
Intersil Corporation is a leader in the design and manufacture of high-performance analog semiconductors. The Company's products
address some of the industry's fastest growing markets, such as, flat panel displays, cell phones, handheld products, and notebooks.
Intersil's product families address power management and analog signal processing functions. Go to www.intersil.com/products for a
complete list of Intersil product families.
*For a complete listing of Applications, Related Documentation and Related Parts, please see the respective device information page
on intersil.com: ISL70001SRH
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Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems as noted
in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time
without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be
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16
FN6947.1
May 23, 2011
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