LM9140 Precision Micropower Shunt Voltage Reference General Description The LM9140’s reverse breakdown voltage temperature coefficients of ± 25 ppm/˚C are ideal for precision applications. The LM9140’s advanced design eliminates the need for an external stabilizing capacitor while ensuring stability with any capacitive load, thus making the LM9140 easy to use. Further reducing design effort is the availability of several fixed reverse breakdown voltages: 2.500V, 4.096V, 5.000V, and 10.000V. The minimum operating current increases from 60 µA for the LM9140-2.5 to 100 µA for the LM9140-10.0. All versions have a maximum operating current of 15 mA. The LM9140 utilizes fuse and zener-zap reverse breakdown voltage trim during wafer sort to ensure that the prime parts have an accuracy of better than ± 0.5% (B grade) at 25˚C. Bandgap reference temperature drift curvature correction and low dynamic impedance ensure stable reverse breakdown voltage accuracy over a wide range of operating temperatures and currents. Features n n n n Guaranteed temperature coefficient of ± 25 ppm/˚C Reverse breakdown voltage tolerance of ± 0.5% Small package: TO-92 No output capacitor required n Tolerates capacitive loads n Fixed reverse breakdown voltages of 2.500V, 4.096V, 5.000V, and 10.000V Key Specifications (LM9140-2.5) n Temperature coefficient: ± 25 ppm/˚C (max) n Output voltage tolerance: ± 0.5% (max) n Low output noise (10 Hz to 10 kHz): 35 µVrms (typ) n Wide operating current range: 60 µA to 15 mA n Industrial temperature range: −40˚C to +85˚C Applications n n n n n n n n Portable, Battery-Powered Equipment Data Acquisition Systems Instrumentation Process Control Energy Management Product Testing Automotive Precision Audio Components Connection Diagram TO-92 DS011393-2 Bottom View See NS Package Number Z03A Ordering Information Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance at 25˚C Z (TO-92) and Average Reverse Breakdown Voltage Temperature Coefficient 0.5%, 25 ppm/˚C max LM9140BYZ-2.5, LM9140BYZ-4.1, LM9140BYZ-5.0, LM9140BYZ-10.0 © 1998 National Semiconductor Corporation DS011393 www.national.com LM9140 Precision Micropower Shunt Voltage Reference April 1998 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Human Boddy Mode (Note 3) Machine Model (Note 3) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Reverse Current Forward Current Power Dissipation (TA = 25˚C) (Note 2) Z Package Storage Temperature Lead Temperature Z Package Soldering (10 seconds) ESD Susceptibility 2 kV 200V Operating Ratings (Notes 1, 2) 20 mA 10 mA Temperature Range (Tmin ≤ TA ≤ Tmax) Reverse Current LM9140-2.5 LM9140-4.1 LM9140-5.0 LM9140-10.0 550 mW −65˚C to +150˚C −40˚C ≤ TA ≤ +85˚C 60 68 74 100 µA µA µA µA to to to to 15 15 15 15 mA mA mA mA +260˚C LM9140BYZ-2.5 Electrical Characteristics Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25˚C Symbol VR Parameter Reverse Breakdown Voltage Reverse Breakdown Voltage Conditions IR = 100 µA IR = 100 µA Typical Limits Units (Note 4) (Note 5) (Limit) ± 12.5 ± 16.6 mV (max) mV (max) 60 µA (max) 65 µA (max) ± 25 ppm/˚C (max) 2.500 Tolerance (Note 6) IRMIN ∆VR/∆T ∆VR/∆IR Minimum Operating Current 45 Voltage Temperature IR = 10 mA IR = 1 mA Coefficient (Note 7) IR = 100 µA ± 10 ± 10 ± 10 Reverse Breakdown Voltage IRMIN ≤ IR ≤ 1 mA 0.3 Average Reverse Breakdown Change with Operating Current Change 1 mA ≤ IR ≤ 15 mA ZR eN ∆VR V µA ppm/˚C ppm/˚C mV 0.8 mV (max) 1.0 mV (max) 6.0 mV (max) 8.0 mV (max) 0.8 Ω (max) 2.5 mV Ω IR = 1 mA, f = 120 Hz, IAC = 0.1 IR 0.3 Wideband Noise IR = 100 µA 35 µVrms Reverse Breakdown Voltage 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz t = 1000 hrs 120 ppm Reverse Dynamic Impedance Long Term Stability T = 25˚C ± 0.1˚C IR = 100 µA LM9140BYZ-4.1 Electrical Characteristics Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25˚C Symbol VR Parameter Reverse Breakdown Voltage Reverse Breakdown Voltage Conditions IR = 100 µA IR = 100 µA Limits Units (Note 5) (Limit) ± 20.5 ± 27.1 mV (max) 4.096 Tolerance (Note 6) www.national.com Typical (Note 4) 2 V mV (max) Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25˚C Symbol IRMIN ∆VR/∆T Parameter Typical Limits Units (Note 4) (Note 5) (Limit) 68 µA (max) 73 µA (max) ± 25 ppm/˚C (max) Minimum Operating Current 50 Coefficient (Note 7) IR = 10 mA IR = 1 mA IR = 100 µA ± 10 ± 10 ± 10 Reverse Breakdown Voltage IRMIN ≤ IR ≤ 1 mA 0.5 Average Reverse Breakdown Voltage Temperature ∆VR/∆IR Conditions Change with Operating Current Change 1 mA ≤ IR ≤ 15 mA ZR eN ∆VR µA ppm/˚C ppm/˚C mV 0.9 mV (max) 1.2 mV (max) 7.0 mV (max) 10.0 mV (max) 1.0 Ω(max) 3.0 mV Ω IR = 1 mA, f = 120 Hz, IAC = 0.1 IR 0.5 Wideband Noise IR = 100 µA 80 µVrms Reverse Breakdown Voltage 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz t = 1000 hrs 120 ppm Reverse Dynamic Impedance Long Term Stability T = 25˚C ± 0.1˚C IR = 100 µA LM9140BYZ-5.0 Electrical Characteristics Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25˚C Symbol VR Parameter Reverse Breakdown Voltage Reverse Breakdown Voltage Conditions IR = 100 µA IR = 100 µA Typical Limits Units (Note 4) (Note 5) (Limit) ± 25.0 ± 33.1 mV (max) mV (max) 74 µA (max) 80 µA (max) ± 25 ppm/˚C (max) 5.000 Tolerance (Note 6) IRMIN ∆VR/∆T ∆VR/∆IR Minimum Operating Current 55 Voltage Temperature IR = 10 mA IR = 1 mA Coefficient (Note 7) IR = 100 µA ± 10 ± 10 ± 10 Reverse Breakdown Voltage IRMIN ≤ IR ≤ 1 mA 0.5 Average Reverse Breakdown Change with Operating Current Change 1 mA ≤ IR ≤ 15 mA ZR eN Reverse Dynamic Impedance Wideband Noise V µA ppm/˚C ppm/˚C mV 1.0 mV (max) 1.4 mV (max) 8.0 mV (max) 12.0 mV (max) 1.1 Ω(max) 3.5 IR = 1 mA, f = 120 Hz, IAC = 0.1 IR 0.5 IR = 100 µA 80 mV Ω µVrms 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz 3 www.national.com Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25˚C Symbol ∆VR Parameter Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long Term Stability Conditions Typical Limits Units (Note 4) (Note 5) (Limit) t = 1000 hrs T = 25˚C ± 0.1˚C 120 ppm IR = 100 µA LM9140BYZ-10.0 Electrical Characteristics Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25˚C Symbol VR Parameter Reverse Breakdown Voltage Reverse Breakdown Voltage Conditions IR = 150 µA IR = 100 µA Typical Limits Units (Note 4) (Note 5) (Limit) ± 50.0 ± 66.3 mV (max) mV (max) 100 µA (max) 103 µA (max) ± 25 ppm/˚C (max) 10.00 Tolerance (Note 6) IRMIN ∆VR/∆T ∆VR/∆IR Minimum Operating Current 75 Voltage Temperature IR = 10 mA IR = 1 mA Coefficient (Note 7) IR = 150 µA ± 10 ± 10 ± 10 Reverse Breakdown Voltage IRMIN ≤ IR ≤ 1 mA 0.8 Average Reverse Breakdown Change with Operating Current Change 1 mA ≤ IR ≤ 15 mA ZR eN ∆VR V µA ppm/˚C ppm/˚C mV 1.6 mV (max) 3.5 mV (max) 12.0 mV (max) 23.0 mV (max) 1.7 Ω(max) 8.0 mV Ω IR = 1 mA, f = 120 Hz, IAC = 0.1 IR 0.7 Wideband Noise IR = 150 µA 180 µVrms Reverse Breakdown Voltage 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz t = 1000 hrs 120 ppm Reverse Dynamic Impedance Long Term Stability T = 25˚C ± 0.1˚C IR = 150 µA Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions. Note 2: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJmax (maximum junction temperature), θJA (junction to ambient thermal resistance), and TA (ambient temperature). The maximum allowable power dissipation at any temperature is PDMAX = (TJmax − TA)/θJA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM9140, TJmax = 125˚C, and the typcial thermal resistance (θJA), when board mounted, is 170˚C/W with 0.125" lead length for the TO-92 package. Note 3: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin. The machine mode is a 200 pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. Note 4: Typicals are at TJ = 25˚C and represent most likely parametric norm. Note 5: Limits are 100% production tested at 25˚C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National’s AOQL. Note 6: The boldface (over-temperature) limit for Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance is defined as a room termperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance ± [∆VR/∆T) (65˚C) (VR)]. ∆VR/∆T is the VR temperature coefficent, 65˚C is the temperature range from −40˚C to the reference point of 25˚C, and VR is the reverse breakdown voltage. The total over-temperature tolerence for the different grades is shown below: B-grade: ± 0.66% = ± 0.5% ± 25 ppm/˚C x 65˚C Therefore, as an example, the B-grade LM9140-2.5 has an over-temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of ± 2.5V x 0.66% = ± 16.6 mV. Note 7: The average temperature coefficient is defined as the maximum deviation of reference voltage at all measured temperatures between the operating TMAX and TMIN, divided by TMAX − TMIN. The measured temperatures are −55˚C, −40˚C, 0˚C, 25˚C, 70˚C, 85˚C and 125˚C. www.national.com 4 Typical Performance Characteristics Temperature Drift for Different Average Temperature Coefficient Output Impedance vs Frequency DS011393-4 DS011393-3 Output Impedance vs Frequency Reverse Characteristics and Minimum Operating Current DS011393-5 DS011393-6 Noise Voltage vs Frequency DS011393-7 5 www.national.com Start-Up Characteristics DS011393-8 RS = 30k LM9140-2.5 DS011393-9 LM9140-5.0 RS = 30k LM9140-10.0 DS011393-10 www.national.com RS = 30k DS011393-11 6 Functional Block Diagram DS011393-12 Applications Information ply voltage and the LM9140. RS determines the current that flows through the load (IL) and the LM9140 (IQ). Since load current and supply voltage may vary, RS should be small enough to supply at least the minimum acceptable IQ to the LM9140 even when the supply voltage is at its minimum and the load current is at its maximum value. When the supply voltage is at its maximum and IL is at its minimum, RS should be large enough so that the current flowing through the LM9140 is less than 15 mA. RS is determined by the supply voltage, (VS), the load and operating current, (IL and IQ), and the LM9140’s reverse breakdown voltage, VR. The LM9140 is a precision micro-power curvature-corrected bandgap shunt voltage reference. The LM9140 has been designed for stable operation without the need of an external capacitor connected between the “+” pin and the “−” pin. If, however, a bypass capacitor is used, the LM9140 remains stable. Reducing design effort is the availability of several fixed reverse breakdown voltages: 2.500V, 4.096V, 5.000V, and 10.000V. The minimum operating current increases from 60 µA for the LM9140-2.5 to 100 µA for the LM9140-10.0. All versions have a maximum operating current of 15 mA. The 4.096V version allows single +5V 12-bit ADCs or DACs to operate with an LSB equal to 1 mV. For 12-bit ADCs or DACs that operate on supplies of 10V or greater, the 8.192V version gives 2 mV per LSB. In a conventional shunt regulator application (Figure 1), an external series resistor (RS) is connected between the sup- Typical Applications DS011393-20 FIGURE 1. Shunt Regulator 7 www.national.com Typical Applications (Continued) DS011393-13 *Tantalum **Ceramic monolithic FIGURE 2. LM9140-4.1’s Nominal 4.096 breakdown voltage gives ADC12451 1 mV/LSB www.national.com 8 Typical Applications (Continued) DS011393-14 FIGURE 3. Bounded amplifier reduces saturation-induced delays and can prevent succeeding stage damage. Nominal clamping voltage is ± 11.5V (LM9140’s reverse breakdown voltage +2 diode VF). DS011393-15 FIGURE 4. Protecting Op Amp input. The bounding voltage is ± 4V with the LM9140-2.5 (LM9140’s reverse breakdown voltage + 3 diode VF). 9 www.national.com Typical Applications (Continued) DS011393-16 FIGURE 5. Precision ± 4.096V Reference www.national.com 10 Typical Applications (Continued) DS011393-17 FIGURE 6. Programmable Current Source DS011393-19 DS011393-18 FIGURE 7. Precision 1 µA to 1 mA Current Sources 11 www.national.com LM9140 Precision Micropower Shunt Voltage Reference Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted TO-92 Package NS Package Number Z03A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 2. A critical component in any component of a life support 1. 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