LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 Single/Dual Power Supply Margining Controller U FEATURES DESCRIPTIO ■ The LTC®2920 allows power supplies and power supply module output voltages to be precisely adjusted both up and down for automated PCB testing. The power supply output voltage is changed by sourcing or sinking current into the feedback node or voltage adjust pin of the power supply. This allows a system to test the correct operation of electrical components at the upper and/or lower power supply voltage limits specified for a given design (Power Supply “Margining”). ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Margin Voltage Precision <0.4% 400:1 Current Programming Range Symmetric/Asymmetric High and Low Voltage Margining Single Control Pin per Supply—High, Float, Low Single Current Setting Resistor per Supply Wide VCC Compliance 2.3V < VCC < 6V Wide Output Compliance 0.6V < VMARGIN < (VCC – 0.6V) Single in 5-Pin ThinSOTTM (LTC2920-1) Dual in 8-Pin MSOP (LTC2920-2) The LTC2920 uses a single resistor to set the voltage margining current. The margining current is adjustable over a 400:1 range. Precision margin currents can be supplied to within 0.6V of ground or VCC. U APPLICATIO S ■ ■ ■ The LTC2920-1 is a single margining controller. The LTC2920-2 has two independently controllable margining channels. Each channel has its own control pin and current setting resistor. The LTC2920-2 can be used to symmetrically margin two power supplies, or asymmetrically margin a single power supply. Automated PCB Production Testing Automated Preventative Maintenance Testing DC/DC Converter Module Margining Both the LTC2920-1 and LTC2920-2 feature a trimmed onboard voltage reference. Typical power supply margining accuracy is better than 0.4%. , LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. ThinSOT is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. U TYPICAL APPLICATIO 3.3V Quarter Brick with ±5% Voltage Margining 1 5 +VIN POWER ONE I5S013ZE-A + 2 –VIN SYSTEM CONTROLLER VCC IN1 IM1 LTC2920-1 R S1 GND 6 5% 0.1μF 2μF TRIM –VOUT 150Ω + 33μF –48V 3.3V AT 4A +VOUT +VOUT NOM THREE-STATE –5% LOGIC HI RSET1 10k 1% IN1 LOGIC FLOAT LOGIC LOW 7 2920-1/2 TA01 1ms/DIV 2920-1/2 TA01a 292012fa 1 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 W W U W ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS (Note 1) Supply Voltage (VCC) ................................– 0.3V to 6.5V Input Voltages (IN1, IN2, RS1, RS2)................. – 0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) Output Voltages (IM1, IM2) ........... – 0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) Operating Temperature Range LTC2920-1C/LTC2920-2C ....................... 0°C to 70°C LTC2920-1I/LTC2920-2I .................... – 40°C to 85°C Storage Temperature Range ................. – 65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300°C U W U PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO ORDER PART NUMBER TOP VIEW VCC 1 LTC2920-1CS5 LTC2920-1IS5 5 IN1 GND 2 IM1 3 4 RS1 S5 PART MARKING S5 PACKAGE 5-LEAD PLASTIC SOT-23 TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 250°C/W LTD7 LTD8 ORDER PART NUMBER LTC2920-2CMS8 LTC2920-2IMS8 TOP VIEW RS2 IN2 IN1 RS1 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 VCC IM2 GND IM1 MS8 PART MARKING MS8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP LTB6 LTA4 TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 200°C/W Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, CRS1 = CRS2 = 20pF, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN VCC Supply Operating Range (Note 2) ● ICC(SOURCE) Supply Current while Sourcing Max IIM RSET1 = RSET2 = 15k, IN1 = IN2 < VIL ● ICC(Q) Quiescent Supply Current RSET1 = RSET2 = 200k, IN1 = IN2 ≤ VIL ● TYP MAX UNITS Supplies 2.3 0.23 6 V 6 mA 1 mA Current Margining Outputs IM1, IM2 IIMLOW Low Range IMARGIN Current— Sourcing or Sinking RSET1, RSET2 Tied to GND, IN1, IN2 > VIH or IN1, IN2 < VIL, (Note 4) ● 5 167 μA IIMHIGH High Range IMARGIN Current— Sourcing or Sinking RSET1, RSET2 Tied to VCC, IN1, IN2 > VIH or IN1, IN2 < VIL, (Note 4) ● 0.15 2 mA VM IM1, IM2 Output Voltage Compliance (Note 3) ● 0.55 VCC – 0.55 V 292012fa 2 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS IIMACCURACY Low Range Current Accuracy 100μA ≤ ⏐IM⏐ ≤ 167μA, (Note 6) C-Grade I-Grade High Range Current Accuracy IOZ IM1, IM2 Leakage Current CIM Equivalent Capacitance At IM1, IM2 MIN TYP MAX UNITS ● ● 3 3 7.5 13 % % 30μA ≤ ⏐IM⏐ < 100μA, (Note 6) C-Grade I-Grade ● ● 5 5 11 15 % % 5μA ≤ ⏐IM⏐ < 30μA, (Note 6) C-Grade I-Grade ● ● 5 5 20 25 % % 1.5mA ≤ ⏐IM⏐ ≤ 2mA, (Note 7) C-Grade I-Grade ● ● 3 3 7.5 11 % % 600μA ≤ ⏐IM⏐ ≤ 1.5mA, (Note 7) C-Grade I-Grade ● ● 5 5 11 15 % % 150μA ≤ ⏐IM⏐ ≤ 600μA, (Note 7) C-Grade I-Grade ● ● 5 5 15 20 % % 100 nA ● VIN = VOFF, (Note 5) VIN = VIL, High Range, (Note 5) VIN = VIL, Low Range, (Note 5) 10 2 30 pF nF pF Control Inputs IN1, IN2 ● ● VIH Control Voltage for IM Current Sinking VCC < 2.5V VCC ≥ 2.5V 2.1 2.4 VIL Control Voltage for IM Current Sourcing ● VOFF Control Voltage for IM Current Off ● VOZ Control Voltage when Left Floating RIN IN1, IN2 Input Resistance ● 5 IFLT Maximum Allowed Leakage at IN1, IN2 for IM Current Off ● –10 V V 0.6 1.1 V 1.4 V 1.2 12 V 20 kΩ 10 μA Switching Characteristics VIN(DELAYON) IM1, IM2 Turn-On Time VIN Transitions from VOFF to VIH or VIL ● 15 100 μs VIN(DELAYOFF) IM1, IM2 Turn-Off Time VIN Transitions from VIH or VIL to VOFF ● 15 100 μs IM(ON) IM1 Rise Time ⏐IM⏐ 5% to 95%, (Note 5) 5 μs IM(OFF) IM1 Fall Time ⏐IM⏐ 95% to 5%, (Note 5) 0.3 μs Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. Note 2: VCC must always be above the maximum of IM1 and IM2 less 0.2V. See Preventing Potential Power Supply Overvoltages in the Applications Information section. Note 3: VM compliance is the voltage range within which IM1 and IM2 are guaranteed to be sourcing or sinking current. IM accuracy will vary within this range. Note 4: Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider IM current limits. Note 5: Determined by design, not production tested. Note 6: ⏐1 – (IM – RS)⏐ • 100%; VCC ≤ 4V: 0.58 ≤ VM ≤ (VCC – 1.1); VCC > 4V: 0.58 ≤ VM ≤ (VCC – 1.4); CRS ≤ 20pF Note 7: ⏐1 – (IM • RS / 30)⏐ • 100%; 0.79 ≤ VM ≤ (VCC – 0.6); CRS ≤ 20pF 292012fa 3 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 U U U PI FU CTIO S (S5 Package/MS8 Package) VCC (Pin 1/Pin 8): Power Supply Input. All internal circuits are powered from this pin. VCC should be connected to a low noise power supply voltage between 2.3V and 6V and should be bypassed with at least a 0.1μF capacitor to the GND pin in close proximity to the LTC2920. Current sourced out of the IM pins comes from the VCC pin. Note that VCC must come up no later than the time the controlled power supply turns on or damage to the load may result. See Preventing Potential Power Supply Overvoltages in the Applications Information section for power sequencing considerations. In certain applications, it may be necessary to further isolate VCC by adding a resistor in series with its power source. See VCC Power Filtering in the Applications Information section. GND (Pin 2/Pin 6): Ground. All internal circuits are returned to the GND pin. Connect this ground pin to the ground of the power supply(s) being margined. Current sunk into the IM pins of the LTC2920 is returned to ground through this pin. RS1 (Pin 4/Pin 4): IM1 Current Set Input. The RS1 pin is used to set the margining current which is sourced out of or sunk into the IM1 pin. The RS1 pin must be connected to either VCC or ground with an external resistor RSET with a value between 6k and 200k. Connecting RSET to ground sets the current at the IM1 pin with a multiplier of 1. Connecting RSET to VCC sets the current at the IM1 pin with a multiplier of 30. If RSET is connected to ground, ≈1V will appear at the RS1 pin. If RSET is connected to VCC, ≈(VCC – 1V) will appear at the RS1 pin. In either case, the current through RSET will be ≈1V/RSET. IM1 (Pin 3/Pin 5): IM1 Current Output. This pin should be connected to the power supply feedback pin or voltage adjust pin. (See the Applications Information section for further details.) Current is either sourced out of or sunk into this pin. The direction of the current is controlled by the IN1 pin. The amount of current flowing into or out of the IM1 pin is controlled by the RS1 pin. IN1 (Pin 5/Pin 3): IM1 Control Pin. This pin is a 3-level input pin which controls the IM1 pin. If the IN1 pin is pulled above VIH, current is sunk into the IM1 pin. If the IN1 pin is pulled below VIL, current is sourced from the IM1 pin. If the IN1 pin is left floating, or held between 1.1V and 1.4V, the IM1 pin is a high impedance output. Internally, the IN1 pin is connected to a 1.2V voltage source by an internal ~10k resistor. The LTC2920 has an internal RC circuit to suppress noise entering from this pin. LTC2920-2 Only RS2 (NA/Pin 1): IM2 Current Set Input. Sets the current for IM2. See RS1. IM2 (NA/Pin 7): IM2 Current Output. This pin is the second margin current output for the LTC2920. See IM1. IN2 (NA/Pin 2): IM2 Control Pin. This pin controls the current at the IM2 pin. See IN1. 292012fa 4 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS ICC vs IMARGIN High Range Sourcing Current ICC vs IMARGIN Low Range Sourcing Current 5.0 1800 4.5 1600 2.0 1000 1 CHANNEL 800 1 CHANNEL 600 1.5 1.5 1.0 200 0.5 0 0 1.5 IMARGIN (mA) 2 0 0 2.5 20 40 0 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 IMARGIN (μA) 2920-1/2 G01 IMARGIN Error vs VMARGIN IMARGIN Error vs VMARGIN (mA) 4.0 50 100 3 166.7 1.0 50 100 3 166.7 2 2 1.5 1 1 VCC = 2.5V LOW RANGE VCC = 5V LOW RANGE 0.5 0 0 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 VMARGIN (V) 2 2.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 VMARGIN (V) 4 2920-1/2 G04 4.5 SOURCE 1 1.5 VMARGIN (V) 2 2.5 2920-1/2 G06 100% SOURCE VIN(DELAYON) ENDS LOW RANGE 0.5 IMARGIN Fall Time 100% 0% 0 5 2920-1/2 G05 IMARGIN Rise Time HIGH RANGE 5 20 ERROR (%) ERROR (%) 1 2 2.0 4.5 4 4 0.5 4 (μA) 5 5 20 2.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 VMARGIN (V) IMARGIN Error vs VMARGIN (μA) 5 5 0.3 3.0 1.5 6 0.15 3.5 1 2920-1/2 G03 6 VCC = 2.5V HIGH RANGE 0.5 2920-1/2 G02 5.0 4.5 1 2 2.0 0.5 1 0.5 2.5 400 0.5 0.3 3.0 1.0 0 ERROR (%) ERROR (%) ICC (μA) 2.5 0.15 3.5 1200 3.0 (mA) 4.0 1400 2 CHANNELS 3.5 VCC = 5V HIGH RANGE 4.5 2 CHANNELS 4.0 ICC (mA) IMARGIN Error vs VMARGIN 5.0 VIN(DELAYOFF) ENDS RSET = 20k LOW RANGE HIGH RANGE 0% RSET = 20k LOW RANGE HIGH RANGE 100% SINK HIGH RANGE 1μs/DIV 2920-1/2 G07 100% SINK 100ns/DIV 2920-1/2 G08 292012fa 5 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 W FU CTIO AL BLOCK DIAGRA U U UVLO IN1 THERMAL SHUTDOWN INPUT DETECTION CURRENT SETTING VCC LOW RANGE CONNECT TO VCC FOR HIGH RANGE OR TO GND FOR LOW RANGE RSET1 VOLTAGE REFERENCE RS1 SOURCE OFF SINK IM1 IPROGRAM OUTPUT CONTROL HIGH RANGE IN2 RS2 IRNG VMOK RANGE DETECTION VM COMPLIANCE LTC2920-2 ONLY IM2 2920-1/2 BD U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO OVERVIEW POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE MARGINING In high reliability PCB manufacturing and test, it is desirable to test system functionality and performance at the upper and/or lower power supply voltage limits allowed for a given design (known as “power supply margining”). Doing so can greatly improve the lifetime reliability of a system. The LTC2920 provides a means of power supply voltage margin testing which is: • Flexible • Easy to design voltage above the nominal power supply voltage and a different voltage below the nominal, the LTC2920-2 can be used. One channel is used for margining above the nominal power supply voltage, and the other channel is used to margin below the nominal voltage. VOLTAGE MARGINING POWER SUPPLIES USING A FEEDBACK PIN One common power supply architecture supported by the LTC2920 is a power supply with a feedback pin and two feedback resistors. Even complicated switching power supplies can be typically modeled as a simple amplifier with a reference voltage and a two resistor feedback network (Figure 1). • Requires very little PCB board space Symmetric/Asymmetric Power Supply Margining Any one LTC2920 channel requires only a single external resistor to symmetrically margin both above and below the nominal power supply voltage. The LTC2920-2 can be used to symmetrically margin two different power supplies. In cases where the design calls for margining one RF IFB RG – VPSOUT + VREF + – 2920-1/2 F01 Figure 1 292012fa 6 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 U U W U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO Knowing the value of the resistors RF and RG, and the voltage of VREF, VPSOUT can be calculated by: VPSOUT = VREF • [1+ (RF/RG)] Since the op amp keeps its inverting terminal equal to the noninverting terminal, the voltage at the inverting terminal between RF and RG is VREF. Knowing the current flowing in the feedback resistor network, VPSOUT can be also calculated by: VPSOUT = VREF + (IFB • RF) This is the voltage on one side of RF, plus the voltage across RF. This equation is helpful in understanding how the LTC2920 changes the power supply output voltage. Figure 2 shows the simplified model with the LTC2920 added. IMARGIN RF IM LTC2920 RS RSET IFB RG – IRG VPSOUT POWER SUPPLY MODULE VOLTAGE MARGINING Another method of accomplishing voltage margining is useful for power supply “brick” modules with voltage adjust pins. Typically, the power supply manufacturer will design the power supply to be adjusted up or down, using external resistors connected to the trim pin. The values of these resistors are usually calculated by the design engineer using two different equations supplied by the manufacturer. There is usually one equation for trimming the voltage up, and another equation for trimming the voltage down. In most cases, the power supply module is treated like a “black box” and very little information is given on how the trimming is accomplished from an internal circuit standpoint. Traditionally such power supply modules are margined by calculating the two resistors, and alternately connecting each to VCC or ground with analog switches or relays. Figure 3 shows how the LTC2920 can be used in these applications as well. Using the LTC2920 for these applications can save a significant amount of PCB real estate and cost. + VREF + – POWER MODULE SENSE + 2920-1/2 F02 Figure 2. Simplified Power Supply Model Again in this circuit, the op amp will keep the voltage at its inverting input at VREF. If we add or subtract current at this node, the delta current will always be added or subtracted from IFB, and never IRG. (“±IMARGIN” is used rather than a signed IMARGIN value to emphasize the fact that current is added or subtracted at the feedback pin.) Because of this, the voltage across RF will be: VRF = (IFBNOM ± IMARGIN) • RF or VRF = (IFBNOM • RF) ± (IMARGIN • RF) and finally VPSOUT = VREF + (IFBNOM • RF) ± (IMARGIN • RF) Note that the delta voltage VMARGIN depends only on IMARGIN and RF, not RG or VREF. VIN+ VO+ TRIM VIN– VO– – RSYSTEM VPSOUT LTC2920 IMARGIN IM RS RSET VO– SENSE 2920-1/2 F03 Figure 3. Margining a Power Supply Module Power Supply Module Design Considerations There are usually practical limits to VO+. For instance, VO+ usually has upper and lower voltage limits specified by the power module manufacturer. A common value is 10% above and 20% below the rated output voltage of the power supply module. This limit includes VMARGIN plus any voltage drop across RSYSTEM. See the manufacturer’s power supply module specifications for details. See the “Selecting The RSET Resistor” section of this datasheet for instructions on how to choose RSET in module applications. 292012fa 7 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 U U W U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO Since ΔVPSOUT will appear on RF as noted in the Overview section, margin current IMARGIN can be calculated by: SELECTING THE RSET RESISTOR Selecting RSET with an Existing Power Supply Containing a Feedback Pin and Two Feedback Resistors IMARGIN = ΔVPSOUT/RF Example: If ΔVPSOUT = 0.165V and RF = 10k: Calculating the value of the current setting resistor, RSET, for a power supply with a feedback pin is straight forward. When the LTC2920 is being added to an existing power supply design, the power supply feedback resistors RF and RG have already been selected. By knowing RF, the power supply output voltage, VPSOUT, and the amount to margin, %change, RSET can be calculated. IMARGIN LTC2920 IFB RG VPSOUT + VREF RSET = 1V/IMARGIN = 1V/16.5μA = 60.6k In this case, RSET would be connected between the RS pin and ground. RSET = 1V/(IMARGIN/30) – RSET If IMARGIN is between 5μA and 167μA, use the LTC2920’s low current range. RSET is then calculated by: If IMARGIN is between 150μA and 2mA, use the LTC2920’s high current range. RSET is then calculated by: RF IM RS IMARGIN = 0.165/10k = 16.5μA or simply: RSET = 30V/IMARGIN + – IMARGIN = 330μA 2920-1/2 F04 VCC Figure 4. Simplified Power Supply Model First, the margining voltage ΔVPSOUT can be calculated by knowing the percentage of the power supply voltage VPSOUT change desired. ΔVPSOUT = %Change • VPSOUT ΔVPSOUT = 0.05 • 3.3V = 0.165V LTC2920 RG = 5.76k IFB = 4.2mA – VPSOUT = 3.3V + + – 2920-1/2 F06 Figure 6. 3.3V Supply with 5% Margining (High Range) ΔVPSOUT = 0.05 • 3.3V = 0.165V IFB = 210μA IMARGIN = 0.165V/500Ω = 330μA VPSOUT = 3.3V + VREF = 1.2V RG = 286Ω RF = 10k – RSET = 60.6k LTC2920 RS Example: If the value of the feedback resistor RF is 500Ω in the example above then: IM RS RSET = 90k VREF = 1.2V Example: If a 3.3V power supply is to be margined by 5%, then: IMARGIN = 16.5μA RF = 500Ω IM RSET = 30V/IMARGIN = 30V/330μA = 90.1k In this case, RSET would be connected between the RS pin and VCC. + – 2920-1/2 F05 Figure 5. 3.3V Supply with 5% Margining (Low Range) If IMARGIN is less than 5μA, or greater than 2mA, it will be necessary to adjust both power supply feedback resistors RF and RG. Again, this is usually a simple process. It is easy to calculate the magnitude of the change by dividing the IMARGIN current calculated above by the desired new 292012fa 8 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 U U W U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO IMARGIN current. Select a new IMARGIN current that is within one of the two LTC2920’s IMARGIN ranges, then calculate the scaling factor: IFACTOR = IMARGIN(OLD)/IMARGIN(NEW) The new feedback resistors would then be: RF(NEW) = RF(OLD) • IFACTOR RG(NEW) = RG(OLD) • IFACTOR And RSET can then be calculated as descibed above. WARNING In some cases, adjusting the feedback resistors on a switching supply might require recompensating the power supply. Please refer to the applications information supplied with the power supply for further information. POWER MODULE VIN– VO– VPSOUT LTC2920 IMARGIN IM VO– RS RSET SENSE – TRIM DOWN RESISTANCE (Ω) VO+ TRIM 1M 100k SENSE + VIN+ between the trim pin and the power supply positive voltage output or the trim pin and the negative power supply output (ground). The polarity of the voltage trim and trim resistor configuration are chosen by the manufacturer. The equations describing the resistor values versus the desired output voltage changes are typically not linear. Fortunately, the relationship between trim pin current and output voltage change is typically linear. The current trim equation is usually the same (in magnitude) for changing the output voltage up or down. Once the equation for trim current is determined, it is much easier to use than trim resistors. To illustrate this, Figure 8 shows a typical resistor trim down curve for a power module. Figure 9 shows a typical current trim down curve for the same power module. 10k 1k 100 2920-1/2 F07 Figure 7. Using a Power Module Trim Pin for Voltage Margining 10 1 0 0.1 Selecting the RSET Resistor Using Voltage Trim Pins with ‘Brick’ Type Power Supply Modules The amount of current necessary to adjust the output voltage of the power supply module is not normally given directly by the manufacturer. However, by using information that is supplied by the manufacturer, a measurement can be made to determine a simple equation that is useful for power supply module voltage margining. Typically, the manufacturer will supply two different equations for selecting trim resistors: one for trimming the output voltage up and a different one for trimming the output voltage down. Trim resistors are nominally placed 0.4 0.5 2920-1/2 F08 Figure 8. Typical Trim Voltage vs Trim Resistor Curve 300 250 TRIM CURRENT (μA) ‘Brick’ power supply modules often have a trim pin which can be used for voltage margining. Figure 7 shows a typical connection using the LTC2920 for voltage margining a power supply module. 0.2 0.3 TRIM VOLTAGE (V) 200 150 100 50 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 TRIM VOLTAGE (V) 0.4 0.5 2920-1/2 F09 Figure 9. Typical Trim Voltage vs Trim Current Curve 292012fa 9 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO Even though the manufacturer does not directly supply the equation for the trim current, a simple measurement can be made to calculate an equation for VTRIM as a function of ITRIM. For any desired VMARGIN: To do this, select the trim resistor configuration which places the trim resistor between the trim pin and ground (see Figure 10). For 5μA ≤ ITRIM ≤ 167μA: With the trim resistor connected to ground, note the direction of the power module output voltage change. This is the direction that the power module output voltage will change when the LTC2920 IN control pin is HIGH, above VIH. Remember that the direction of the voltage trim for this configuration can vary among power modules, even among power modules from the same manufacturer. Calculate a resistor value from the manufacturer’s equation, or select it from a chart (if a chart is supplied by the manufacturer). Pick a value near the middle of the trim resistor range. Obtain and measure the selected resistor with an ohmmeter or use a precision 0.1% resistor. Knowing the correct value of this resistance is critical to obtaining good results. Make provisions to connect and disconnect this test resistor between the trim pin and the power supply module’s negative output pin. (Figure 10.) Carefully follow all other manufacturer’s application notes regarding power supply input voltage, minimum and maximum output voltages, sense pin connections (if any), minimum and maximum current loads, etc. Failure to do so may permanently damage the power supply module! ITRIM = VMARGIN/KTRIM RSET can now be calculated for the LTC2920. RSET = 1V/ITRIM Connect RSET between the RS pin and the LTC2920 ground pin. For 167μA < ITRIM ≤ 2mA: RSET = 1V/(ITRIM/30) Connect RSET between the RS pin and the LTC2920 VCC pin. If ITRIM falls outside of this range, the LTC2920 cannot be used for this application. The LTC2920 can source or sink current only when the voltage at the IM pin is between 0.6 and (VCC – 0.6) volts. In order to be sure that the LTC2920 will operate correctly in this application, ensure that the VT node will stay within these limits. To do this, calculate the effective output resistance of the power supply module’s trim output pin, RVT (refer to Figure 10). Using the measurements taken above, the open circuit voltage is: VREF = VTNOM To calculate RVT, subtract the untrimmed VTNOM and trimmed VTTRIM voltages measured above: VTDELTA = VTNOM – VTTRIM Apply the specified input voltage to the power supply module. Measure the power supply output voltage VPS and the VT voltages before and after connecting the trim resistor. The effective TRIM pin source resistance can then be calculated by: Subtract the untrimmed (VPSNOM) and trimmed (VPSTRIM) power supply output voltages to obtain the trim voltage (VDELTA): The voltage at the LTC2920 IMARGIN pin for any ITRIM can now calculated for both voltage margin directions. Refering to Figure 10: VDELTA = VPSNOM – VPSTRIM and the trim current: ITRIM = VTRIM/RTRIM Calculate the linear current trim constant KTRIM: RVT = VTDELTA/ITRIM VTSINK = VREF – (RVT • ITRIM) VTSOURCE = VREF + (RVT • ITRIM) Note: be sure to use these equations to verify that VTSINK and VTSOURCE are within LTC2920 VM voltages specified in KTRIM = VDELTA/ITRIM 292012fa 10 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 U U W U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO SENSE + VIN+ VO + RVT VREF + – VIN– TRIM VPS VT RTRIM VO – ITRIM VO – SENSE – 2920-1/2 F10 Figure 10. Power Module ITRIM Model Accuracy of Power Supply Voltages when Margining The accuracy of margined power supply voltages depends on several factors. Figure 11 shows the magnitude of the errors discussed in detail below as a function of power supply margining percentage. for this example). The second error is the power supply initial set point accuracy. In this example the RF resistor has a 1% accuracy error causing a 0.6% initial set point error in the power supply. Because the margined power supply voltage is the change in the voltage, VMARGIN, from the power supply initial set point voltage, this error shows up in the margined power supply voltage. When these two errors are combined, the error is: Error = ⏐1 – (3.4043/3.3825)⏐ • 100 = 0.65% The error caused by a 1% inaccuracy in RG will be similar since the dominate error source is the power supply initial set point voltage. Errors caused by RF and RG can be a major contributor to voltage margin errors. Using 0.1% resistors for both RF and RG is often the best choice for improving both voltage margin accuracy and power supply initial accuracy. POWER SUPPLY MARGINED VOLTAGE ERROR ⏐1 – ACTUAL VOLTAGE/EXPECTED VOLTAGE⏐ • 100 (%) the IMACCURACY specification. If VT does not fall within this range, the LTC2920 cannot be used for this application. In a typical feedback model (Figure 12), the delta voltage is a function of the margin current, IMARGIN, and the feedback resistor, RF. VMARGIN = IMARGIN • RF Errors in VMARGIN are directly proportional to errors in IMARGIN and errors in RF. A 5% error in IMARGIN will cause a 5% error in VMARGIN. In this example, a 3.3V power supply is margined by 2.5%, or 0.0825V to 3.3825V. With a 5% VMARGIN error, the actual margin voltage is 0.0866V and the actual power supply voltage is 3.3866V. The error in the expected voltage is then: Error = ⏐1 – (3.3866/3.3825)⏐ • 100 = 0.12% Similarly, a 1% inaccuracy in the RSET resistor would cause only 0.024% error in the expected power supply margined voltage. In effect, IMARGIN errors caused by the RSET resistor or the LTC2920 are attenuated by the voltage margining percentage. The accuracy of the RF resistor introduces two errors in the margined supply voltage. The first is the error in VMARGIN (IMARGIN • RF). This error is similar in magnitude to the errors described above and is generally quite small (0.024% 0.7 0.6 1% FEEDBACK RESISTOR INACCURACY 0.5 1% RSET RESISTOR INACCURACY 0.4 0.3 5% LTC2920 IMARGIN INACCURACY 0.2 0.1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE MARGINING (%) 2920-1/2 F11 Figure 11. Sources of Power Supply Margined Voltage Errors IMARGIN = ± 50μA RF = 1.65k IM LTC2920 RS RG = 944k IFB = 1.27mA – RSET = 20k VPSOUT = 3.3V + VREF = 1.2V + – 2920-1/2 F12 Figure 12. Power Supply Voltage Margin Model 292012fa 11 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO PREVENTING POTENTIAL POWER SUPPLY OVERVOLTAGES Care must be taken when selecting the power source for the LTC2920. If VCC on the LTC2920 is not powered, and the power supply being margined is on, undesired IM fault current can flow into the IM pin of the LTC2920. This can cause the margined power supply to create an overvoltage condition causing serious damage to power supply and its load. The best solution is to connect the LTC2920 to a power source that is guaranteed to be on when the power supply being margined is on. Often this is the input or output voltage of the power supply being margined. See the design guidelines below for the best solution for your application. Be sure to follow all other LTC2920 design specifications. At a minimum, the voltage at the VCC pin of the LTC2920 must be maintained above 0.2V below the highest voltage present at the IM1 and IM2 pins. This will keep the IM fault current below 5μA. The voltage at the IM1 and IM2 pins is normally the voltage at the feedback node of the power supply. See the power supply manufacturer’s data sheet for this voltage. PREVENTING IM FAULT CURRENT IN THE LTC2920-1 Connecting VCC to the Power Supply VIN or VOUT of the Supply Being Margined Connecting the LTC2920-1 VCC to VIN or VOUT is the best choice and should be used when conditions permit. It requires no external components and provides the best protection from power supply overvoltage. If the power supply being margined has a VIN voltage that is within the LTC2920’s VCC range, connect the LTC2920-1 VCC pin to the power supplies VIN (Figure 13). If the power supply being margined has a VOUT voltage that is within the LTC2920’s VCC range, connect the LTC2920-1 VCC pin to the power supplies VOUT (Figure 14). Make sure the power supply voltage is within the LTC2920’s VCC specification when the power supply is being margined! VIN 2.3V TO 6V VCC VO 0.1μF VCC VOUT LTC2920-1 IM FB GND 2920-1/2 F13 Figure 13. Connecting LTC2920-1 to VIN VOUT 2.3V TO 6V VIN VIN VO 0.1μF VCC VOUT LTC2920-1 IM FB GND 2920-1/2 F14 Figure 14. Connecting LTC2920-1 to VOUT Connecting VCC to Power Sources Other than the Supply Being Margined If it is not practical to power the LTC2920-1 from the VIN or VOUT of the power supply being margined, connect the VCC pin of the LTC2920-1 using a Schottky diode (Figure 15). This solution works with power supply feedback voltages of less than 1.5V and IMARGIN currents >30μA. Be sure to account for the diode drop across all temperatures to ensure the LTC2920-1 VCC and VMARGIN specifications are met. VPOWER BAT54C SCHOTTKY DIODE VIN VIN VO VCC VOUT 0.1μF LTC2920-1 FB <1.5V IM GND 2920-1/2 F15 Figure 15. Diode Connected VCC 292012fa 12 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 U U W U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO PREVENTING IM FAULT CURRENT IN THE LTC2920-2 Connecting VCC to a Common VIN Connecting the LTC2920-2 VCC to VIN is the best choice and should be used when conditions permit. It requires no external components and provides the best protection from power supply overvoltage (Figure 16). VIN VIN OUT FB IM2 VCC LTC2920-2 IM1 GND 2920-1/2 F16 VCC Power Supply Filtering Figure 16. Connecting VCC to VIN Connecting VCC to Diode OR’d Supplies If the margined power supplies derive their VIN from different sources, or if a common VIN cannot supply power to the LTC2920-2, power the LTC2920-2 using a diode OR’d connection (Figure 17). Note that in this example, Power Supply 2 has only a 1.8V output. Power Supply 1 will supply the LTC2920-2 under normal operation conditions. If Power Supply 1 fails, or if it is sequenced up after POWER SUPPLY 1 VOUT1 3.3V OUT FB POWER SUPPLY 2 VOUT2 1.8V OUT Connecting VCC to Power Sources Other than the Supplies Being Margined If it is not practical to power the LTC2920-2 from the VINs and/or VOUTs of the power supplies being margined, connect the VCC pin of the LTC2920-2 using a Schottky diode (Figure 18). This solution works with power supply feedback voltages less that 1.5V and IMARGIN currents >30μA. Be sure to account for the diode drop across all temperatures to ensure the LTC2920-2 VCC and VMARGIN specifications are met. OUT FB VIN Power Supply 2, Power Supply 2 supplies enough voltage to keep the LTC2920 from sinking fault current into the IM1 and IM2 pins. The LTC2920-2 will not operate normally under these conditions but it will not cause overvoltage to occur. FB If the LTC2920 is both powered by and margins a power supply that is marginally stable, oscillations can occur. In these cases, it may be necessary to provide an additional filtering resistor between the LTC2920 and the power supply being margined (see Figure 19). The oscillation is most likely to occur when the LTC2920 is sourcing current from the IMARGING pin. The RBYP resistor in combination with the CBYP capacitor form a lowpass filter. The value of the filter resistor RBYP can be calculated by deciding how much voltage drop across the resistor the application can tolerate and how much current the LTC2920 will sink under worst-case conditions. In the LTC2920 low current range, a safe value for the LTC2920 ICC current is the maximum LTC2920 quiescent current plus 4 times the IMARGIN current. In the high current range, a safe value for the LTC2920 ICC current is the maximum LTC2920 quiescent current plus 1.2 times the IMARGIN current. Example: If the IMARGIN current is 100μA, then: ICCMAX = IQ + (4 • IMARGIN) = 1mA + (4 • 100μA ) = 1.4mA VCC IM2 LTC2920-2 IM1 BAT54C GND 2920-1/2 F17 In this example, the power supply voltage is 3.3V. Dropping 0.5V across RBYP will provide a VCC at the LTC2920 of 2.8V. This is well above the LTC2920’s minimum VCC Figure 17. Dual Diode Connected VCC 292012fa 13 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 U U W U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO voltage. The value of the RBYP resistor can then be calculated by: RBYP = VRB/ICCMAX = 0.5V/1.4mA = 360Ω With CBYP = 0.1μF, this will provide a pole at 2870Hz. If additional filtering is necessary, the value of CBYP can be increased. In this example, if CBYP is increased from 0.1μF to 1μF, the pole would now be at 287Hz. POWER SUPPLY 1 OUT FB POWER SUPPLY 2 OUT FB to Figure 20, Slowing Down VMARGIN, a capacitor (CS) and a resistor (RS) have been added to the power supply model described in previous applications sections. To choose RS, the voltage at the feedback pin of the power supply must be known. Refer to the power supply manufacturer’s data sheet for this voltage. The voltage at the IM pin must be within specified limits of the LTC2920, including the voltage drop across RS. In the example below, the power supply feedback pin voltage is 1.21V, IMARGIN is 100μA and VCC is 3.3V. To maintain LTC2920 current accuracy, the voltage at the IM pin must be between 0.58V and (VCC – 1) or 2.3V (in the low current range). A reasonable value for the voltage drop across RS is 0.5V. The value of RS is then: RS = VRS/IMARGIN = 0.5V/100μA = 5k IM2 VCC LTC2920-2 IM1 Assuming the desired RC time constant is 1ms, CS is calculated by: VPOWER BAT54C SCHOTTKY DIODE CS = TRC/RS = 1ms/5k = 0.2μF 2920-1/2 F18 Figure 18. Diode Connected to VCC Controlling IMARGIN Turn On and Turn Off Times Designers of power supply voltage margining circuits often need to ensure that power supply voltages do not overshoot or undershoot (the desired margining voltage) when the margining current is enabled or disabled. The LTC2920 IMARGIN current sourced or sinked at the IM pin(s) is reasonably well behaved (see the Typical Performance Characteristics curves). The differences in speed between the various curves is caused by the relative impedance differences within the LTC2920. Note: When CS and RS are used, an additional pole and a zero are added to the power supply feedback loop. It is beyond the scope of this data sheet to predict the behavior of all power supplies but, in general, as long as the smaller of the two feedback resistors is no larger than 2 • RS, the effect on the power supply stability should be minimal. The larger RS is with respect to the two feedback resistors, the less effect it will have. 3.3V VCC LTC2920 IM GND If slower turn on and turn off times are desired, a resistorcapacitor network can be used at the IM pin(s). Referring IMARGIN 5k RS 5k CS 0.2μF – + + – VREF 1.21V 1.5k 2920-1/2 F20 RBYP 360Ω VPSOUT = 3.3V CBYP 0.1μF VCC LTC2920 RS RSET IMARGIN = 100μA Figure 20. Slowing Down VMARGIN Thermal Shutdown RF IM GND – + + – VREF = 1.2V RG 2920-1/2 F19 Figure 19. VCC Power Filtering This IC includes overtemperature protection that is intended to protect the device during momentary overload conditions. Junction temperature will exceed 125°C when overtemperature protection is active. Continuous operation above the specified maximum operating junction temperature may result in device degradation or failure. 292012fa 14 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 U PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO S5 Package 5-Lead Plastic TSOT-23 (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1635) 0.62 MAX 0.95 REF 2.90 BSC (NOTE 4) 1.22 REF 2.80 BSC 1.4 MIN 3.85 MAX 2.62 REF 1.50 – 1.75 (NOTE 4) PIN ONE RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT PER IPC CALCULATOR 0.30 – 0.45 TYP 5 PLCS (NOTE 3) 0.95 BSC 0.80 – 0.90 0.20 BSC 0.01 – 0.10 1.00 MAX DATUM ‘A’ 0.30 – 0.50 REF 0.09 – 0.20 (NOTE 3) NOTE: 1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. DIMENSIONS ARE INCLUSIVE OF PLATING 4. DIMENSIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE OF MOLD FLASH AND METAL BURR 5. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.254mm 6. JEDEC PACKAGE REFERENCE IS MO-193 1.90 BSC S5 TSOT-23 0302 MS8 Package 8-Lead Plastic MSOP (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1660) 3.00 ± 0.102 (.118 ± .004) (NOTE 3) 0.889 ± 0.127 (.035 ± .005) 5.23 (.206) MIN 3.20 – 3.45 (.126 – .136) 0.254 (.010) 0.42 ± 0.038 (.0165 ± .0015) TYP 0.65 (.0256) BSC 8 7 6 5 3.00 ± 0.102 (.118 ± .004) (NOTE 4) 4.90 ± 0.152 (.193 ± .006) DETAIL “A” 0.52 (.0205) REF 0° – 6° TYP GAUGE PLANE 0.53 ± 0.152 (.021 ± .006) RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT DETAIL “A” 1 2 3 1.10 (.043) MAX 4 0.86 (.034) REF 0.18 (.007) SEATING NOTE: PLANE 1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER/(INCH) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 4. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 5. LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.102mm (.004") MAX 0.22 – 0.38 (.009 – .015) TYP 0.65 (.0256) BSC 0.127 ± 0.076 (.005 ± .003) MSOP (MS8) 0204 292012fa Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 15 LTC2920-1/LTC2920-2 U TYPICAL APPLICATIO S 12V Supply with 5% Margining L1 10μH VIN 5V C1 2.2μF 5 1 VIN SW VCC R1 113k C3* 10pF LT1930 4 SHDN SHDN VOUT 12V 300mA MARGIN ±5% D1 FB LTC2920-1 3 GND R2 13.3k 2 RS 113k RB 1k IM1 CS 0.01μF GND RS1 SYSTEM CONTROLLER CB 0.1μF 5 IIN1 C2 4.7μF 3 1 THREE-STATE 4 RSET 188.3k GND 2 C1: TAIYO YUDEN X5R LMK212BJ225MG C2: TAIYO YUDEN X5R EMK316BJ475ML D1: ON SEMICONDUCTOR MBR0520 L1: SUMIDA CR43-100 *OPTIONAL 2920-1/2 TA02 3.3V Supply with ±0.165V (5%) Voltage Margining VIN 4.5V TO 28V COSC 68pF CSS 0.1μF COSC VIN RUN/SS TG M1 Si4412DY ITH CC 150pF SW DB CMDSH-3 LTC1435A 51pF CIN 22μF 35V ×2 + RC 10k SGND BOOST L1 4.7μH CB 0.1μF INTVCC BG VOSENSE SENSE – VCC R1 3.57k + 4.7μF 100pF RSENSE 0.025Ω M2 Si4412DY D1 MBRS140T3 R2 2k VOUT 3.3V 4.5A CBYP 0.1μF RB 500Ω OUT + C100μF 6.3V ×2 VCC SYSTEM CONTROLLER LTC2920 IN PGND SENSE + IM 1000pF THREE-STATE RS GND 21.5k GND 2920-1/2 TA03 RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC1329-10/LTC1329-50 Micropower 8-Bit IOUT DAC in SO-8 10μA/50μA Sourcing, Pulse Mode or SPI Input LTC1426 Micropower Dual 6-Bit PWM DAC Pulse Mode or Pushbutton Input LTC1427-50 SMBus Micopower 10-Bit IOUT DAC in SO-8 50μA Sourcing, –15V to (VCC – 1.3V) Compliance LTC1428-50 Micropower 8-Bit IOUT DAC in SO-8 50μA Sinking, Pulse Mode or SPI Input LTC1663 Micropower 10-Bit VOUT DAC 2-Wire Interface, Rail-to-Rail Output, SOT-23 or MSOP LTC2900-1/LTC2900-2 Quad Voltage Monitors in MSOP 16 User-Selectable Combinations, ±1.5% Threshold Accuracy LTC2901-1/LTC2901-2 Quad Voltage Monitors with Watchdog 16 User-Selectable Combinations, Adjustable RST and Watchdog Timers LTC2902-1/LTC2902-2 Quad Voltage Monitors with RST Disable 16 Selectable Combinations, RST Disable for Margining, Tolerance Select LTC2921/LTC2922 Power Supply Tracker with Remote Sensing Three (LTC2921) or Five (LTC2922) Remote Sense Switches LTC2923 Power Supply Tracking Controller Controls Two Supplies without Series FETs or a Third Supply with a Series FET 292012fa 16 Linear Technology Corporation LT/LT 0505 REV A • PRINTED IN USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com © LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2003