LINER LTC3240

LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5
3.3V/2.5V Step-Up/
Step-Down Charge Pump
DC/DC Converter
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FEATURES
DESCRIPTIO
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The LTC®3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5 are step-up/step-down
charge pump DC/DC converters that produce a fixed
regulated output voltage of 3.3V or 2.5V over a wide input
voltage range (1.8V to 5.5V).
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Step-Up/Step-Down Charge Pumps Generate Fixed
3.3V or 2.5V Outputs
VIN Range: 1.8V to 5.5V
Output Current up to 150mA
Automatic Mode Switching
Constant Frequency (1.2MHz) Operation in
Step-Up Mode
Low Dropout Regulator Operation in
Step-Down Mode
Low No-Load Quiescent Current: IQ = 65µA
Built-In Soft-Start Reduces Inrush Current
Shutdown Disconnects Load from Input
Shutdown Current < 1µA
Short-Circuit/Thermal Protection
Available in a 6-Lead (2mm × 2mm) DFN Package
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APPLICATIO S
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2 AA to 2.5V
2-3 AA/Li-Ion to 3.3V
Low Power Supplies for Cameras, I/O Supplies,
Audio, PC Cards, Misc. Logic, etc., in a Wide Variety
of Handheld Products
The LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5 feature low no load operating current (65µA typical) and ultralow operating current
in shutdown (<1µA). Built-in soft-start circuitry prevents
excessive inrush current during start-up. Thermal shutdown and current-limit circuitry allow the parts to survive
a continuous short-circuit from VOUT to GND.
The LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5 require only three tiny
external ceramic capacitors for an ultrasmall application
footprint. The LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5 are available in a
6-pin (2mm × 2mm) DFN package.
, LT, LTC and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Protected by U.S. Patents including 6411531.
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With input voltages greater than the regulated output
voltage the LTC3240 operates as a low dropout regulator.
Once the input voltage drops within 100mV of the regulated
output voltage the part automatically switches to step-up
mode. In step-up mode the LTC3240 operates as a constant
frequency (1.2MHz) doubling charge pump.
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
Output Voltage vs Input Voltage (Full Range)
Li-Ion to 3.3V at Up to 150mA
3.50
1µF
VIN
2.7V TO 4.5V
Li-Ion OR
3-CELL NiMH
1µF
C+
VOUT
3.3V
IOUT = 150mA
LTC3240-3.3
4.7µF
GND
OFF ON
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
C–
IOUT = 30mA
3.45
3.40
3.35
3.30
3.25
3.20
SHDN
3240 TA01a
3.15
3.10
1.7
2.2
2.7
3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5.2
5.7
3240 TA01b
3240fb
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LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5
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ABSOLUTE
AXI U RATI GS
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PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO
(Note 1)
TOP VIEW
VIN to GND ................................................... –0.3V to 6V
VOUT to GND ............................................. –0.3V to 5.5V
⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N to GND................................ –0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V)
VOUT Short-Circuit Duration ............................. Indefinite
Operating Temperature Range (Note 2) ...–40°C to 85°C
Storage Temperature Range...................–65°C to 125°C
Maximum Junction Temperature .......................... 125°C
6 SHDN
GND 1
VIN 2
7
5 C–
4 C+
VOUT 3
DC PACKAGE
6-LEAD (2mm × 2mm) PLASTIC DFN
TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 80°C/W (NOTE 4)
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 7) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB
DC PART MARKING
LBXJ
LCBP
ORDER PART NUMBER
LTC3240EDC-3.3
LTC3240EDC-2.5
Order Options Tape and Reel: Add #TR
Lead Free: Add #PBF Lead Free Tape and Reel: Add #TRPBF
Lead Free Part Marking: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C, ⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N = VIN, CFLY = 1µF, CIN = 1µF, COUT = 4.7µF unless otherwise noted.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
VIN
VOUT
Input Voltage Range
Output Voltage Range
LTC3240-3.3
IIN
I⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N
η
LTC3240-2.5
No Load Input Current
Shutdown Current
Efficiency
LTC3240-3.3
LTC3240-2.5
VIH
⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N Input High Voltage
⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N Input Low Voltage
⎯SH
⎯ D
⎯ N
⎯ Input Current
⎯SH
⎯ D
⎯ N
⎯ Input Current
VIL
IIH
IIL
ILIM
Output Current Limit
tON
VOUT Turn-On Time
CONDITIONS
MIN
●
1.8V ≤ VIN ≤ 2.5V, IOUT < 40mA
2.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V, IOUT < 150mA
●
●
1.8V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V, IOUT < 60mA
IOUT = 0, 1.8V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V
⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N = 0V, VOUT = 0V
VIN = 2.5V, IOUT = 100mA
VIN = 3.7V, IOUT = 100mA
VIN = 2V, IOUT = 50mA
VIN = 3V, IOUT = 50mA
●
1.8
3.168
3.168
2.4
1.8V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V
1.8V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V
V⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N = VIN = 5.5V
V⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N = 0V
VIN = 3.7V, VOUT = 0V Step-Down Mode
VIN = 2.4V, VOUT = 0V Step-Up Mode
From the Rising Edge of ⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N to 90% of VOUT
VIN = 2.5V, RLOAD = 66Ω
VIN = 3.7V, RLOAD = 66Ω
●
1.2
Step-Up Mode
IBURST
Burst Mode Threshold
VIN = 2.4V
VRIPPLE
Output Ripple
IOUT = 100mA, VOUT = 2.5V or 3.3V
fOSC
Switching Frequency
VIN = 2.4V
VRIPPLE(BURST)
Burst Mode® Output Ripple
VIN = 2.4V
Burst Mode is a registered trademark of Linear Technology Corporation.
TYP
3.3
3.3
2.5
65
0.1
64
87
63
83
●
●
V
V
V
V
µA
µA
%
%
%
%
450
270
0.5
0.4
ms
ms
15
20
1.2
20
mA
mVP-P
MHz
mVP-P
0.4
1
1
–1
–1
0.6
UNITS
5.5
3.432
3.432
2.6
100
1
V
V
µA
µA
mA
mA
●
●
MAX
1.8
3240fb
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LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C, ⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N = VIN, CFLY = 1µF, CIN = 1µF, COUT = 4.7µF unless otherwise noted.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
ROL
Effective Open-Loop
Output Resistance
LTC3240-3.3
LTC3240-2.5
(Note 3)
Doubler Mode
VIN = 1.8V, VOUT = 3V
VIN = 1.8V, VOUT = 2.25V
Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device
reliability and lifetime.
Note 2: The LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5 are guaranteed to meet
performance specifications from 0°C to 85°C. Specifications over the
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Ω
Ω
7.5
8.0
–40°C to 85°C operating temperature range are assured by design,
characterization and correlation with statistical process controls.
Note 3: ROL ≡ (2VIN – VOUT)/IOUT
Note 4: Failure to solder the exposed backside of the package to a PCB
ground plane will result in a thermal resistance much higher than 80°C/W.
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 25°C, CFLY = CIN = 1µF, COUT = 4.7µF
unless otherwise noted)
⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N Threshold Voltage
vs Supply Voltage
Oscillator Frequency vs Supply
Voltage (Doubler Mode)
1.8
1.0
700
1.4
25°C
SHUTDOWN VOLTAGE (V)
1.6
–40°C
1.2
85°C
1.0
–40°C
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT (mA)
25°C
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (MHz)
Short-Circuit Current
vs Supply Voltage
0.8
85°C
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.8
SHUTDOWN
HYSTERESIS
0
1.80 2.30 2.80 3.30 3.80 4.30 4.80 5.30 5.80
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
0.6
1.8
2.2
3.8
2.6
3.0
3.4
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
3240 G01
500
400
300
200
100
0
1.7
2.2
2.7
3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
3240 G02
Start-Up Time vs Supply Voltage
1000
600
5.7
3240 G03
Load Regulation (LTC3240-2.5)
Load Regulation (LTC3240-3.3)
ILOAD = 50mA
5.2
3.40
2.60
3.35
2.55
800
700
600
VIN = 3.7V
3.30
VIN = 2.5V
3.25
VIN = 1.8V
500
400
3.20
1.6 1.8 2
2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
VIN (V)
3 3.2 3.4 3.6
3240 G04
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
START-UP TIME (µs)
900
0
30
90
120
60
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
150
3240 G05
VIN = 2.8V
2.50
VIN = 1.8V
VIN = 2.4V
2.45
2.40
0
30
90
120
60
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
150
3240 G06
3240fb
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LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 25°C, CFLY = CIN = 1µF, COUT = 4.7µF
unless otherwise noted)
No-Load Input Current
vs Supply Voltage (LTC3240-3.3)
Effective Open-Loop Resistance
vs Temperature (LTC3240-3.3)
9
8
7
6
100
100
90
90
NO-LOAD INPUT CURRENT (µA)
VIN = 1.8V
VOUT = 3V
NO-LOAD INPUT CURRENT (µA)
EFFECTIVE OPEN-LOOP RESISTANCE (Ω)
10
No-Load Input Current
vs Supply Voltage (LTC3240-2.5)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
–15
35
10
TEMPERATURE (°C)
60
2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
5.2
1.7 2.2
5.7
DOUBLER TO
LDO MODE
(VIN RISING)
100
2.90
80
LDO TO
DOUBLER MODE
(VIN FALLING)
EFFICIENCY (%)
VIN (V)
3.65
VIN (V)
DOUBLER TO LDO
MODE (VIN RISING)
2.80
LDO TO DOUBLER
MODE (VIN FALLING)
2.75
ILOAD = 40mA
70
60
ILOAD = 1mA
50
40
DOUBLER TO LDO
MODE (VIN RISING)
30
3.50
20
2.70
3.45
5.7
LDO TO DOUBLER
MODE (VIN FALLING)
90
2.85
5.2
Efficiency vs Supply Voltage
(LTC3240-3.3)
3.70
3.40
2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
3240 G09
2.95
3.80
3.55
30
20
Mode Switch Threshold
vs Load Current (LTC3240-2.5)
Mode Switch Threshold
vs Load Current (LTC3240-3.3)
3.60
40
3240 G08
3240 G07
3.75
50
0
1.7 2.2
85
70
60
10
0
5
–40
80
10
2.65
0
20
40
60 80 100 120 140 160
ILOAD (mA)
0
20
40
60 80 100 120 140 160
ILOAD (mA)
0
1.80 2.30 2.80 3.30 3.80 4.30 4.80 5.30 5.80
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
3240 G11
3240 G10
3240 G12
Output Noise/Ripple
(LTC3240-3.3)
VOUT Soft-Start (LTC3240-3.3)
VOUT
2V/DIV
VOUT
20mV/DIV
AC COUPLED
SHDN
2V/DIV
VIN = 2.4V
RLOAD = 66Ω
200µs/DIV
3240 G13
VIN = 2.4V
ILOAD = 100mA
500ns/DIV
3240 G14
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LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5
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TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 25°C, CFLY = CIN = 1µF, COUT = 4.7µF
unless otherwise noted)
Load Transient Response
(LTC3240-3.3)
VOUT
20mV/DIV
AC COUPLED
Output Noise/Ripple
(LTC3240-2.5)
Load Transient Response
(LTC3240-2.5)
VOUT
20mV/DIV
AC COUPLED
LDO MODE
VOUT
20mV/DIV
AC COUPLED
60mA
ILOAD
10mA
ILOAD
VIN = 3.7V
10µs/DIV
ILOAD = 10mA TO 60mA
3240 G15
VIN = 2.4V
ILOAD = 100mA
500ns/DIV
3240 G16
Burst Mode
OPERATION
CONST FREQUENCY
MODE
50mA
10mA
VIN = 2.4V
10µs/DIV
ILOAD = 10mA TO 50mA
3240 G17
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PI FU CTIO S
GND (Pin 1): Ground. This pin should be tied to a ground
plane for best performance.
VIN (Pin 2): Input Supply Voltage. VIN should be bypassed
with a 1μF or greater, low ESR ceramic capacitor.
VOUT (Pin 3): Regulated Output Voltage. VOUT should be
bypassed with a 4.7μF or greater, low ESR ceramic capacitor as close to the pin as possible for best performance.
C+ (Pin 4): Flying Capacitor Positive Terminal.
C– (Pin 5): Flying Capacitor Negative Terminal.
⎯ H
⎯ D
⎯ N
⎯ (Pin 6): Active Low Shutdown Input. A low on S
⎯ H
⎯ D
⎯ N
⎯
S
disables the LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5. This pin is a high
impedance CMOS input pin which must be driven with valid
logic levels. This pin must not be allowed to float.
Exposed Pad (Pin 7): Ground. The exposed pad must be
soldered to PCB ground to provide electrical contact and
optimum thermal performance.
3240fb
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LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5
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BLOCK DIAGRA
SOFT-START
AND
SWITCH CONTROL
VOUT
6
SHDN
4
C+
5
C–
3
1.2MHz
OSCILLATOR
–
+
–
VOUT + 100mV
VIN
+
2
CHARGE
PUMP
3204 BD
GND
1, 7
3240fb
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LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5
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OPERATIO
(Refer to the Block Diagram)
The LTC3240 is a step-up/step-down charge pump DC/DC
converter. For VIN greater than VOUT by about 100mV it
operates as a low dropout regulator. Once VIN drops to
within 100mV of VOUT, the part automatically switches
into charge pump mode to boost VIN to the regulated
output voltage. Regulation is achieved by sensing the
output voltage through an internal resistor divider and
modulating the charge pump output current based on
the error signal.
In the charge pump mode a 2-phase nonoverlapping clock
activates the charge pump switches. The flying capacitor
is charged from VIN on the first phase of the clock. On
the second phase of the clock it is stacked in series with
VIN and connected to VOUT. This sequence of charging
and discharging the flying capacitor continues at a free
running frequency of 1.2MHz (typ).
Shutdown Mode
In shutdown mode, all circuitry is turned off and the
LTC3240 draws only leakage current from the VIN supply.
Furthermore, VOUT is disconnected from VIN. The ⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N
pin is a CMOS input with a threshold voltage of approximately 0.8V. The LTC3240 is in shutdown when a logic
low is applied to the ⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N pin. Since the ⎯S⎯H⎯D⎯N pin is a
high impedance CMOS input, it should never be allowed
to float. To ensure that its state is defined, it must always
be driven with a valid logic level.
Since the output voltage of this device can go above the
input voltage, circuitry is required to control the state of
the converter even in shutdown. This circuitry will draw
an input current of 5μA in shutdown. However, this current is eliminated when the output voltage (VOUT) drops
to less than approximately 0.8V.
Burst Mode Operation
The LTC3240 provides automatic Burst Mode operation
while operating as a charge pump, to increase efficiency of
the power converter at light loads. Burst Mode operation
is initiated if the output load current falls below an internally programmed threshold. Once Burst Mode operation
is initiated, the part shuts down the internal oscillator to
reduce the switching losses, and goes into a low current
state. This state is referred to as the sleep state in which
the IC consumes only about 65μA from the input. When
the output voltage droops enough to overcome the burst
comparator hysteresis, the part wakes up and commences
normal fixed frequency operation recharging the output
capacitor. If the output load is still less than the Burst Mode
threshold the part will re-enter sleep state. This Burst Mode
threshold varies with VIN, VOUT and the choice of output
storage capacitor.
Soft-Start
The LTC3240 has built-in soft-start circuitry to prevent
excessive current flow during start-up. The soft-start is
achieved by internal circuitry that slowly ramps the amount
of current available to the output storage capacitor from
zero to a value of 300mA over a period of approximately
2ms. The soft-start circuitry is reset in the event of a commanded shutdown or thermal shutdown.
Short-Circuit/Thermal Protection
The LTC3240 has built-in short-circuit current limit as
well as overtemperature protection. During a short-circuit
condition, the part automatically limits its output current to
approximately 300mA. If the junction temperature exceeds
approximately 160°C the thermal shutdown circuitry shuts
down current delivery to the output. Once the junction
temperature drops back to approximately 150°C current delivery to the output is resumed. The LTC3240 will
cycle in and out of thermal shutdown indefinitely without
latch-up or damage until the short-circuit condition on
VOUT is removed. Long term overstress (i.e. operation at
junction temperatures above 125°C) should be avoided
as it reduces the lifetime of the part and can result in
degraded performance.
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LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5
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APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
During LDO operation, the power efficiency (η) of the
LTC3240 is given by:
η=
POUT VOUT • IOUT VOUT
=
=
PIN
VIN • IOUT
VIN
At moderate to high output power, the quiescent current of the LTC3240 is negligible and the expression
above is valid. For example, the measured efficiency of
LTC3240-3.3, with VIN = 3.7V, IOUT = 100mA and VOUT
regulating to 3.3V is 87% which is in close agreement
with the theoretical value of 89%.
During charge pump operation, the power efficiency (η)
of the LTC3240 is similar to that of a linear regulator with
an effective input voltage of twice the actual input voltage. This occurs because the input current for a voltage
doubling charge pump is approximately twice the output
current. In an ideal regulating voltage doubler the power
efficiency is given by:
η=
POUT VOUT • IOUT VOUT
=
=
2VIN
P IN
VIN • 2IOUT
At moderate to high output power, the switching losses
and the quiescent current of the LTC3240 are negligible
and the expression above is valid. For example, the measured efficiency of LTC3240-3.3 with VIN = 2.5V, IOUT =
100mA and VOUT regulating to 3.3V is 64% which is in
close agreement with the theoretical value of 66%.
Effective Open-Loop Output Resistance (ROL)
The effective open-loop output resistance (ROL) of a charge
pump is a very important parameter which determines the
strength of the charge pump. The value of this parameter
depends on many factors such as the oscillator frequency
(fOSC), value of the flying capacitor (CFLY), the nonoverlap
time, the internal switch resistances (RS), and the ESR of
the external capacitors. A first order approximation for
ROL is given below:
1
R0L ≅ 2 ∑ RS +
fOSC • C FLY
S = 1 TO 4
For the LTC3240 in charge pump mode, the maximum
available output current and voltage can be calculated
from the effective open-loop output resistance, ROL, and
the effective output voltage, 2VIN(MIN).
From Figure 1, the available current is given by:
IOUT =
2VIN – VOUT
ROL
Typical ROL values as a function of temperature are shown
in Figure 2.
ROL
+
–
2VIN
+
IOUT
VOUT
–
3240 F01
Figure 1. Equivalent Open-Loop Circuit
10
EFFECTIVE OPEN-LOOP RESISTANCE (Ω)
Power Efficiency
VIN = 1.8V
VOUT = 3V
9
8
7
6
5
–40
–15
35
10
TEMPERATURE (°C)
60
85
3240 G07
Figure 2. Typical ROL vs Temperature
VIN, VOUT Capacitor Selection
The style and value of capacitors used with the LTC3240
determine several important parameters such as regulator
control loop stability, output ripple, charge pump strength
and minimum start-up time.
To reduce noise and ripple, it is recommended that low
ESR (<0.1Ω) ceramic capacitors be used for both CIN and
COUT. CIN should be 1µF or greater while COUT should be
4.7µF or greater. Tantalum and aluminum capacitors are
not recommended because of their high ESR.
3240fb
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LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5
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APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
In charge pump mode the value of COUT directly controls the
amount of output ripple for a given load current. Increasing
the size of COUT will reduce the output ripple at the expense
of higher minimum turn-on time. The peak-to-peak output
ripple is approximately given by the expression:
VRIPPLE(P −P) ≅
IOUT
2fOSC • C OUT
where fOSC is the oscillator frequency (typically 1.2MHz)
and COUT is the value of the output capacitor.
Also, the value and style of the output capacitor can significantly affect the stability of the LTC3240. As shown
in the Block Diagram, the LTC3240 uses a linear control
loop to adjust the strength of the charge pump to match
the current required at the output. The error signal of this
loop is stored directly on the output storage capacitor.
This output capacitor also serves to form the dominant
pole of the control loop. To prevent ringing or instability
on the LTC3240, it is important to maintain at least 2µF
of capacitance over all conditions.
Excessive ESR on the output capacitor can degrade the
loop stability of the LTC3240. The closed-loop output
resistance of the LTC3240 is designed to be 0.5Ω. For a
100mA load current change, the output voltage will change
by about 50mV. If the output capacitor has 0.5Ω or more
of ESR, the closed-loop frequency response will cease to
roll off in a simple one-pole fashion and poor load transient
response or instability could result. Ceramic capacitors
typically have exceptional ESR performance and combined
with a tight board layout should yield very good stability
and load transient performance.
Just as the value of COUT controls the amount of output
ripple, the value of CIN controls the amount of ripple
present at the input pin (VIN) in charge pump mode. The
input current to the LTC3240 is relatively constant during
the input charging phase and the output charging phase
but drops to zero during the nonoverlap times. Since the
nonoverlap time is small (~25ns), these missing notches
result in a small perturbation on the input power supply
line. A higher ESR capacitor such as tantalum will have
higher input noise than a low ESR ceramic capacitor.
Therefore, ceramic capacitors are again recommended
for their exceptional ESR performance.
1cm OF WIRE
10nH
VIN
0.22µF
2
VIN
LTC3240-3.3/
LTC3240-2.5
2.2µF
1
GND
3240 F03
Figure 3. 10nH Inductor Used for
Additional Input Noise Reduction
Further input noise reduction can be achieved by powering the LTC3240 through a very small series inductor as
shown in Figure 3. A 10nH inductor will reject the fast
current notches, thereby presenting a nearly constant
current load to the input power supply. For economy, the
10nH inductor can be fabricated on the PC board with
about 1cm (0.4") of PC board trace.
Flying Capacitor Selection
Warning: A polarized capacitor such as tantalum or aluminum should never be used for the flying capacitor since
its voltage can reverse upon start-up of the LTC3240.
Low ESR ceramic capacitors should always be used for
the flying capacitor.
The flying capacitor controls the strength of the charge
pump. A 1µF or greater ceramic capacitor is suggested
for the flying capacitor. For the LTC3240-3.3 operating
at an input voltage in the range 1.8V ≤ VIN ≤ 2.5V, it is
necessary to have at least 0.5µF of capacitance for the
flying capacitor in order to achieve the maximum rated
current of 40mA.
For very light load applications, the flying capacitor may
be reduced to save space or cost. From the first order
approximation of ROL in the “Effective Open-Loop Output
Resistance” section, the theoretical minimum output
resistance of a voltage doubling charge pump can be
expressed by the following equation:
ROL(MIN) =
2VIN – VOUT
1
≅
IOUT
fOSC • C FLY
where fOSC is the switching frequency (1.2MHz) and CFLY
is the value of the flying capacitor. The charge pump
will typically be weaker than the theoretical limit due
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9
LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5
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APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
to additional switch resistance. However, for very light
load applications, the above expression can be used as a
guideline in determining a starting capacitor value.
Ceramic Capacitors
GND
Below is a list of ceramic capacitor manufacturers and
how to contact them:
www.avxcorp.com
www.kemet.com
www.murata.com
www.t-yuden.com
www.vishay.com
www.component.tdk.com
Layout Considerations
Due to the high switching frequency and high transient
currents produced by LTC3240, careful board layout is
necessary for optimum performance. A true ground plane
and short connections to all the external capacitors will
improve performance and ensure proper regulation under
all conditions. Figure 4 shows an example layout for the
LTC3240.
SHDN
C–
VIN
Ceramic capacitors of different materials lose their capacitance with higher temperature and voltage at different rates. For example, a capacitor made of X5R or X7R
material will retain most of its capacitance from –40°C
to 85°C whereas a Z5U or Y5V style capacitor will lose
considerable capacitance over that range. Z5U and Y5V
capacitors may also have a poor voltage coefficient causing
them to lose 60% or more of their capacitance when the
rated voltage is applied. Therefore when comparing different capacitors, it is often more appropriate to compare
the amount of achievable capacitance for a given case size
rather than discussing the specified capacitance value. For
example, a 4.7µF 10V Y5V ceramic capacitor in a 0805
case only retains 25% of its rated capacitance over temperature with a 3.3V bias, while a 4.7µF 10V X5R ceramic
capacitor will retain 80% of its rated capacitance over the
same conditions. The capacitor manufacturer’s data sheet
should be consulted to ensure the desired capacitance at
all temperatures and voltages.
AVX
Kemet
Murata
Taiyo Yuden
Vishay
TDK
CIN
1µF
0603
CFLY
1µF
0603
VOUT
COUT
4.7µF
0603
C+
3240 F04
Figure 4. Recommended Layout
Thermal Management
For higher input voltages and maximum output current,
there can be substantial power dissipation in the LTC3240.
If the junction temperature increases above approximately
160°C, the thermal shutdown circuitry will automatically
deactivate the output. To reduce the maximum junction
temperature, a good thermal connection to the PC board is
recommended. Connecting GND (Pin 1) and the Exposed
Pad of the DFN package to a ground plane under the device
on two layers of the PC board can reduce the thermal
resistance of the package and PC board considerably.
Derating Power at High Temperatures
To prevent an overtemperature condition in high power
applications, Figure 5 should be used to determine the
maximum combination of ambient temperature and power
dissipation.
The power dissipated in the LTC3240 should always fall
under the line shown for a given ambient temperature.
The power dissipation of the LTC3240 in step-up mode
is given by the expression:
PD = (2VIN – VOUT) • IOUT
The power dissipation in step-down mode is given by:
PD = (VIN – VOUT) • IOUT
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10
LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5
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APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
3.0
This derating curve assumes a maximum thermal resistance, θJA, of 80°C/W for the 2 × 2 DFN package. This can
be achieved from a printed circuit board layout with a solid
ground plane and a good connection to the ground pins of
LTC3240 and the Exposed Pad of the DFN package.
θJA = 80°C/W
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
2.5
2.0
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
TJ = 160°C
1.5
It is recommended that the LTC3240 be operated in the
region corresponding to TJ ≤ 125°C for continuous operation as shown in Figure 5. Short term operation may be
acceptable for 125°C ≤ TJ ≤ 160°C but long term operation
in this region should be avoided as it may reduce the life of
the part or cause degraded performance. For TJ ≥ 160°C,
the part will be in thermal shutdown.
1.0
0.5
RECOMMENDED
OPERATION
TJ = 125°C
0
– 50 – 25
25 50
75 100 125 150
0
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
LT3240 F05
Figure 5. Maximum Power Dissipation vs Ambient Temperature
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PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
DC Package
6-Lead Plastic DFN (2mm × 2mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1703)
R = 0.115
TYP
0.56 ± 0.05
(2 SIDES)
0.675 ±0.05
2.50 ±0.05
1.15 ±0.05 0.61 ±0.05
(2 SIDES)
PACKAGE
OUTLINE
PIN 1 BAR
TOP MARK
(SEE NOTE 6)
0.38 ± 0.05
4
2.00 ±0.10
(4 SIDES)
PIN 1
CHAMFER OF
EXPOSED PAD
3
0.25 ± 0.05
0.50 BSC
1.42 ±0.05
(2 SIDES)
0.200 REF
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS
6
0.75 ±0.05
(DC6) DFN 1103
1
0.25 ± 0.05
0.50 BSC
1.37 ±0.05
(2 SIDES)
0.00 – 0.05
BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD
NOTE:
1. DRAWING TO BE MADE A JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE M0-229 VARIATION OF (WCCD-2)
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE
5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED
6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE
TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE
3240fb
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
11
LTC3240-3.3/LTC3240-2.5
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TYPICAL APPLICATIO
2.5V Output from 2-Cell NiMH
1µF
2
1.8V TO 3V
2-CELL
NiMH
1µF
1, 7
OFF ON
6
5
C–
VIN
4
C+
3
VOUT
LTC3240-2.5
2.5V
4.7µF
GND
SHDN
3240 TA02
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
COMMENTS
LTC1751-3.3/LTC1751-5
100mA, 800kHz Regulated Doubler
VIN: 2V to 5V, VOUT(MAX) = 3.3V/5V, IQ = 20µA, ISD < 2µA, MS8 Package
LTC1983-3/LTC1983-5
100mA, 900kHz Regulated Inverter
VIN: 3.3V to 5.5V, VOUT(MAX) = –3V/–5V, IQ = 25µA, ISD < 2µA, ThinSOTTM
Package
LTC3200-5
100mA, 2MHz Low Noise, Doubler/White LED
Driver
VIN: 2.7V to 4.5V, VOUT(MAX) = 5V, IQ = 3.5mA, ISD < 1µA, ThinSOT Package
LTC3202
125mA, 1.5MHz Low Noise, Fractional White
LED Driver
VIN: 2.7V to 4.5V, VOUT(MAX) = 5.5V, IQ = 2.5mA, ISD < 1µA, DFN, MS
Packages
LTC3204-3.3
LTC3204B-3.3
LTC3204-5
LTC3204B-5
Low Noise, Regulated Charge Pumps in
(2mm × 2mm) DFN Package
VIN: 1.8V to 4.5V (LTC3204B-3.3), 2.7V to 5.5V (LTC3204B-5), IQ = 48µA,
“B” Version Without Burst Mode Operation, 6-Lead (2mm × 2mm) DFN
Package
LTC3440
600mA (IOUT) 2MHz Synchronous Buck-Boost
DC/DC Converter
95% Efficiency, VIN: 2.5V to 5.5V, VOUT(MIN) = 2.5V, IQ = 25µA, ISD ≤ 1µA,
10-Lead MS Package
LTC3441
High Current Micropower 1MHz Synchronous
Buck-Boost DC/DC Converter
95% Efficiency, VIN: 2.5V to 5.5V, VOUT(MIN) = 2.5V, IQ = 25µA, ISD ≤ 1µA,
DFN Package
LTC3443
High Current Micropower 600kHz Synchronous
Buck-Boost DC/DC Converter
96% Efficiency, VIN: 2.4V to 5.5V, VOUT(MIN) = 2.4V, IQ = 28µA, ISD < 1µA,
DFN Package
ThinSOT is a trademark of Linear Technology Coorporation
3240fb
12 Linear Technology Corporation
LT 0806 REV B • PRINTED IN USA
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417
(408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507
●
www.linear.com
© LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2006