19-0806; Rev 1; 11/08 KIT ATION EVALU E L B AVAILA 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver Features The MAX2837 direct-conversion zero-IF RF transceiver is designed specifically for 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz wireless broadband systems. The MAX2837 completely integrates all circuitry required to implement the RF transceiver function, providing RF-to-baseband receive path; and baseband-to-RF transmit path, VCO, frequency synthesizer, crystal oscillator, and baseband/control interface. The device includes a fast-settling sigmadelta RF synthesizer with smaller than 20Hz frequency steps and a crystal oscillator, which allows the use of a low-cost crystal in place of a TCXO. The transceiver IC also integrates circuits for on-chip DC offset cancellation, I/Q error, and carrier-leakage detection circuits. Only an RF bandpass filter (BPF), crystal, RF switch, PA, and a small number of passive components are needed to form a complete wireless broadband RF radio solution. ♦ 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wideband Operation The MAX2837 completely eliminates the need for an external SAW filter by implementing on-chip monolithic filters for both the receiver and transmitter. The baseband filters along with the Rx and Tx signal paths are optimized to meet stringent noise figure and linearity specifications. The device supports up to 2048 FFT OFDM and implements programmable channel filters for 1.75MHz to 28MHz RF channel bandwidths. The transceiver requires only 2µs Tx-Rx switching time, which includes frequency transient settling. The IC is available in a small, 48-pin thin QFN package measuring only 6mm x 6mm x 0.8mm. 45dB Tx Gain-Control Range Applications 802.16-2004 Fixed WiMAX ♦ Complete RF Transceiver, PA Driver, and Crystal Oscillator 0dBm Linear OFDM Transmit Power -70dBr Tx Spectral Emission Mask 2.3dB Rx Noise Figure Tx/Rx I/Q Error and LO Leakage Detection Monolithic Low-Noise VCO with -39dBc Integrated Phase Noise Programmable Tx I/Q Lowpass Anti-Aliasing Filter Sigma-Delta Fractional-N PLL with 20Hz Step Size 94dB Receive Gain-Control Range 60dB Analog RSSI Instantaneous Dynamic Range 4-Wire SPI™ Digital Interface I/Q Analog Baseband Interface Digitally Tuned Crystal Oscillator On-Chip Digital Temperature Sensor Read-Out ♦ +2.7V to +3.6V Transceiver Supply ♦ Low-Power Shutdown Current ♦ Small 48-Pin Thin QFN Package (6mm x 6mm x 0.8mm) Korea Wibro and 802.16e Mobile WiMAX Ordering Information Dual ModeTM WiMAX/802.11b/g Wi-Fi Proprietary Wireless Broadband Systems 4G/LTE Systems PART MAX2837ETM+TD Dual Mode is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. TEMP RANGE PINPACKAGE -40°C to +85°C 48 TQFN-EP* *EP = Exposed paddle. +Denotes a lead-free package. SPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For information on other Maxim products, visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX2837 General Description MAX2837 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VCCLNA, VCCTXMX, VCCTXPAD, VCCDIG, VCCCP, VCCXTAL, VCCVCO, VCCRXVGA, VCCRXFL and VCCRXMX to GND...................................................................-0.3V to +3.9V B1–B7, TXRF_, CS, SCLK, DIN, DOUT, TXBBI_, TXBBQ_, RXHP, RXBBI_, RXBBQ_, RSSI, ENABLE, BYPASS, CPOUT_, CLOCKOUT, XTAL1, XTAL2, RXRF_,RXENABLE, TXENABLE to GND.......................................-0.3V to (Operating VCC + 0.3V) RXBBI_, RXBBQ_, RSSI, BYPASS, CPOUT_, DOUT, CLOCKOUT, PABIAS Short-Circuit Duration............................................10s RF Input Power ...............................................................+10dBm Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 48-Pin Thin QFN (derates 37mW/°C above +70°C).......2.96W Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+260°C CAUTION! ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.7V to 3.6V, Rx set to the maximum gain; CS = high, RXHP = SCLK = DIN = low, RSSI and clock output buffer are off, no signal at RF inputs, all RF inputs and outputs terminated into 50Ω, receiver baseband outputs are open; 90mVRMS differential I and Q signals applied to I, Q baseband inputs of transmitter in transmit mode, fREF = 40MHz, registers set to recommended settings and corresponding test mode, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 2.8V, fLO = 2.5GHz, and TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Supply Voltage Supply Current CONDITIONS VCC_ MIN 2.7 MAX 3.6 Shutdown mode, TA = +25°C 10 Standby mode 35 91 110 145 170 Rx calibration mode 135 160 0.85 110 135 1.0 1.20 D9:D8 = 01 in A4:A0 = 00100 1.1 D9:D8 = 10 in A4:A0 = 00100 1.2 D9:D8 = 11 in A4:A0 = 00100 1.35 Tx Baseband Input CommonMode Voltage Operating Range DC-coupled Tx Baseband Input Bias Current Source current 0.5 10 V 45 Tx mode, TA = +25°C Tx calibration mode UNITS µA Rx mode D9:D8 = 00 in A4:A0 = 00100 Rx I/Q Output Common-Mode Voltage TYP mA V 1.2 V 20 µA LOGIC INPUTS: ENABLE, TXENABLE, RXENABLE, SCLK, DIN, CS, B7:B1, RXHP Digital Input-Voltage High, VIH VCC 0.4 Digital Input-Voltage Low, VIL V 0.4 V Digital Input-Current High, IIH -1 +1 µA Digital Input-Current Low, IIL -1 +1 µA 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver (MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.7V to 3.6V, Rx set to the maximum gain; CS = high, RXHP = SCLK = DIN = low, RSSI and clock output buffer are off, no signal at RF inputs, all RF inputs and outputs terminated into 50Ω, receiver baseband outputs are open; 90mVRMS differential I and Q signals applied to I, Q baseband inputs of transmitter in transmit mode, fREF = 40MHz, registers set to recommended settings and corresponding test mode, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VCC = 2.8V, fLO = 2.5GHz, and TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS LOGIC OUTPUTS: DOUT Digital Output-Voltage High, VOH Sourcing 100µA Digital Output-Voltage Low, VOL Sinking 100µA VCC 0.4 V 0.4 V AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Rx MODE (MAX2837 evaluation kit: V CC _ = 2.8V, f RF = 2.502GHz, f LO = 2.5GHz; receiver baseband I/Q outputs at 90mV RMS (-21dBV), fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = RXENABLE = CS = high, TXENABLE = SCLK = DIN = low, with power matching for the differential RF pins using the typical applications and registers set to default settings and corresponding test mode, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Lowpass filter is set to 10MHz RF channel BW. Unmodulated single-tone RF input signal is used, unless otherwise indicated.) (Note 1) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 2.7 GHz RECEIVER SECTION: LNA RF INPUT TO BASEBAND I/Q OUTPUTS RF Input Frequency Range 2.3 Peak-to-Peak Gain Variation over RF Input Frequency Range Tested at band edges and band center RF Input Return Loss All LNA gain settings Total Voltage Gain TA = -40°C to +85°C RF Gain Steps Gain Change Settling Time Baseband Gain Range Maximum gain, B7:B1 = 0000000 Minimum gain, B7:B1 = 1111111 dB 13 dB 99 5 From max RF gain to max RF gain - 8dB 8 From max RF gain to max RF gain - 16dB 16 From max RF gain to max RF gain - 32dB 32 Any RF or baseband gain change; gain settling to within ±1dB of steady state; RXHP = 1 0.2 Any RF or baseband gain change; gain settling to within ±0.1dB of steady state; RXHP = 1 2 From maximum baseband gain (B5:B1 = 00000) to minimum baseband gain (B5:B1 = 11111), TA = -40°C to +85°C Baseband Gain Minimum Step Size DSB Noise Figure 90 0.8 13 dB dB µs 58 62 2 Voltage gain ≥ 65dB with max RF gain (B7:B6 = 00) 2.3 Voltage gain = 50dB with max RF gain - 8dB (B7:B6 = 01) 5.5 Voltage gain = 45dB with max RF gain - 16dB (B7:B6 = 10) 17 Voltage gain = 15dB with max RF gain - 32dB (B7:B6 = 11) 27 66 dB dB dB _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX2837 DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) MAX2837 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Rx MODE (continued) MAX2837 evaluation kit: V CC _ = 2.8V, f RF = 2.502GHz, f LO = 2.5GHz; receiver baseband I/Q outputs at 90mV RMS (-21dBV), fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = RXENABLE = CS = high, TXENABLE = SCLK = DIN = low, with power matching for the differential RF pins using the typical applications and registers set to default settings and corresponding test mode, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Lowpass filter is set to 10MHz RF channel BW. Unmodulated single-tone RF input signal is used, unless otherwise indicated.) (Note 1) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Max RF gain (B7:B6 = 00) -37 Max RF gain - 8dB (B7:B6 = 01) -29 Max RF gain - 16dB (B7:B6 = 10) -21 Max RF gain - 32dB (B7:B6 = 11) -4 Over passband frequency range; at any gain setting; 1dB compression point 2.5 Max RF gain (B7:B6 = 00), AGC set for -65dBm wanted signal -11 Max RF gain - 8dB (B7:B6 = 01), AGC set for -55dBm wanted signal -8 Max RF gain - 16dB (B7:B6 = 10), AGC set for -40dBm wanted signal -6 Max RF gain - 32dB (B7:B6 = 11), AGC set for -30dBm wanted signal +16 I/Q Phase Error 50kHz baseband output; 1 variation 0.15 Degrees I/Q Gain Imbalance 50kHz baseband output; 1 variation 0.1 dB Rx I/Q Output Load Impedance (R || C) Minimum differential resistance 10 k Maximum differential capacitance 5 pF In-Band Input P-1dB Maximum Output Signal Level dBm VP-P dBm Out-of-Band Input IP3 (Note 2) I/Q Output DC Droop After switching RXHP to 0; average over 1μs after any gain change, or 2μs after receive enabled with 100Hz interval AC-coupling, 1 variation ±1 mV/ms I/Q Static DC Offset No RF input signal; measure at 3μs after receive enable; RXHP = 1 for 0 to 2μs and set to 0 after 2μs, 1 variation ±1 mV Loopback Gain (for Receiver I/Q Calibration) Transmitter I/Q input to receiver I/Q output; transmitter B6:B1 = 000011, receiver B5:B1 = 10100 programmed through SPI -4.5 0 +4.5 dB RECEIVER BASEBAND FILTERS Baseband Filter Rejection At 15MHz 57 At 20MHz 75 At > 40MHz 90 RXHP = 1 (used before AGC completion) Baseband Highpass Filter Corner Frequency 4 RXHP = 0 (used after AGC completion) address A4:A0 = 01110 dB 650 D5:D4 = 00 0.1 D5:D4 = 01 1 D5:D4 = 10 30 D5:D4 = 11 100 _______________________________________________________________________________________ kHz 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver MAX2837 evaluation kit: V CC _ = 2.8V, f RF = 2.502GHz, f LO = 2.5GHz; receiver baseband I/Q outputs at 90mV RMS (-21dBV), fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = RXENABLE = CS = high, TXENABLE = SCLK = DIN = low, with power matching for the differential RF pins using the typical applications and registers set to default settings and corresponding test mode, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Lowpass filter is set to 10MHz RF channel BW. Unmodulated single-tone RF input signal is used, unless otherwise indicated.) (Note 1) PARAMETER RF Channel BW Supported by Baseband Filter Baseband Gain Ripple Baseband Group Delay Ripple CONDITIONS MIN TYP A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0000 1.75 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0001 2.25 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0010 3.5 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0011 5.0 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0100 5.5 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0101 6.0 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0110 7.0 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0111 8.0 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1000 9.0 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1001 10.0 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1010 12.0 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1011 14.0 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1100 15.0 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1101 20.0 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1110 24.0 A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1111 28.0 0 to 2.3MHz for BW = 5MHz 1.3 0 to 4.6MHz for BW = 10MHz 1.3 0 to 2.3MHz for BW = 5MHz 90 0 to 4.6MHz for BW = 10MHz 50 MAX UNITS MHz dBP-P nsP-P Baseband Filter Rejection for 5MHz RF Channel BW At 3.3MHz 7 At > 21MHz 85 Baseband Filter Rejection for 10MHz RF Channel BW At 6.7MHz 7 At > 41.6MHz 85 RSSI Minimum Output Voltage RLOAD ≥ 10kΩ 0.4 V RSSI Maximum Output Voltage RLOAD ≥ 10kΩ 2.2 V 30 mV/dB dB dB RSSI RSSI Slope RSSI Output Settling Time To within 3dB of steady state +32dB signal step 200 -32dB signal step 800 ns _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX2837 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Rx MODE (continued) MAX2837 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Tx MODE (MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.8V, TA = +25°C, fRF = 2.502GHz, fLO = 2.5GHz; fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = TXENABLE = CS = high, and RXENABLE = SCLK = DIN = low, with power matching for the differential RF pins using the Typical Operating Circuit. Lowpass fitler is set to 10MHz RF channel BW, 90mVRMS sine and cosine signal (or 90mVRMS 64QAM 1024-FFT OFDMA FUSC I/Q signals wherever OFDM is mentioned) applied to baseband I/Q inputs of transmitter (differential DC-coupled).) (Note 1) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 2.7 GHz TRANSMIT SECTION: Tx BASEBAND I/Q INPUTS TO RF OUTPUTS RF Output Frequency Range 2.3 Peak-to-Peak Gain Variation over RF Band Output optimally matched over 200MHz RF BW 2.5 dB Total Voltage Gain Max gain; at unbalanced 50 balun output 12 dB Maximum Output Power over Frequency for Any Given 200MHz Band OFDM signal conforming to spectral emission mask and -36dB EVM after I/Q imbalance calibration by modem (Note 3) 0 dBm RF Output Return Loss Given 200MHz band in the 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz range, for which the matching has been optimized 8 dB RF Gain Control Range 45 dB Without calibration by modem, and excludes modem Unwanted Sideband Suppression I/Q imbalance; P OUT = 0dBm 45 dBc RF Gain-Control Binary Weights Carrier Leakage Tx I/Q Input Impedance (R || C) B1 1 B2 2 B3 4 B4 8 B5 16 B6 16 Relative to 0dBm output power; without calibration by modem -35 dBc Minimum differential resistance 100 k pF Maximum differential capacitance 0.5 Baseband Frequency Response for 5MHz RF Channel BW 0 to 2.3MHz 0.2 At > 25MHz 80 Baseband Frequency Response for 10MHz RF Channel BW 0 to 4.6MHz 0.2 At > 17MHz 80 0 to 2.3MHz (BW = 5MHz) 20 0 to 4.6MHz (BW = 10MHz) 12 Baseband Group Delay Ripple 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ dB dB dB ns 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver (MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.8V, fLO = 2.5GHz, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, PLL loop bandwidth = 120kHz, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 2.7 GHz FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER RF Channel Center Frequency 2.3 Channel Center Frequency Programming Minimum Step Size 20 Hz MHz Charge-Pump Comparison Frequency 11 40 Reference Frequency Range 11 40 Reference Frequency Input Levels Reference Frequency Input Impedance (R || C) AC-coupled to XTAL2 pin Charge-Pump Output Current Close-In Spur Level 800 MHz mVP-P Resistance (XTAL2 pin) 10 k Capacitance (XTAL2 pin) 1 pF Programmable Reference Divider Values Closed-Loop Integrated Phase Noise 80 1 Loop BW = 120kHz; integrate phase noise from 200Hz to 5MHz, charge-pump comparison frequency = 40MHz 2 4 -39 dBc On each differential side 1.6 mA f OFFSET = 0 to 1.8MHz -40 f OFFSET = 1.8MHz to 7MHz -70 f OFFSET > 7MHz -80 Reference Spur Level dBc -85 dBc Turnaround LO Frequency Error Relative to steady state; measured 35μs after Tx-Rx or Rx-Tx switching instant, and 4μs after any receiver gain changes ±50 Hz Temperature Range over Which VCO Maintains Lock Relative to the ambient temperature TA, as long as the VCO lock temperature range is within operating temperature range TA ±40 °C Reference Output Clock Divider Values 1 2 Output Clock Drive Level 20MHz output, 1x drive setting 1.5 VP-P Output Clock Minimum Load Impedance (R || C) Resistance 10 k Capacitance 2 pF _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX2837 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS MAX2837 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MISCELLANEOUS BLOCKS (MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.8V, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS PA BIAS DAC: CURRENT MODE Numbers of Bits 6 Bits Minimum Output Sink Current D5:D0 = 000000 in A4:A0 = 11100 0 μA Maximum Output Sink Current D5:D0 = 111111 in A4:A0 = 11100 310 μA Compliance Voltage Range Turn-On Time 0.8 Excludes programmable delay of 0 to 7μs in steps of 0.5μs DNL 2.0 V 200 ns 1 LSB VCC 0.2 V PA BIAS DAC: VOLTAGE MODE Output High Level 10mA source current Output Low Level 10mA sink current 0.1 V Turn-On Time Excludes programmable delay of 0 to 7μs in steps of 0.5μs 200 ns Maximum capacitance, A4:A0 = 11000, D6:D0 =1111111 15.5 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR On-Chip Tuning Capacitance Range pF Minimum capacitance, A4:A0 = 11000, D6:D0 =0000000 0.5 On-Chip Tuning Capacitance Step Size 0.12 pF ON-CHIP TEMPERATURE SENSOR Digital Output Code Read-out at DOUT pin through SPI A4:A0 = 00111, D4:D0 TA = +25°C 01111 TA = +85°C 11101 TA = -40°C 00001 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—TIMING (MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.8V, fLO = 2.5GHz, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, PLL loop bandwidth = 120kHz, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS SYSTEM TIMING Turnaround Time Tx Turn-On Time (from Standby Mode) 8 Measured from Tx or Rx enable rising edge; signal settling to within 0.5dB of steady state Rx to Tx 2 µs Tx to Rx, RXHP = 1 Measured from Tx enable rising edge; signal settling to within 0.5dB of steady state 2 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ µs 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver (MAX2837 evaluation kit: VCC_ = 2.8V, fLO = 2.5GHz, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, PLL loop bandwidth = 120kHz, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS Tx Turn-Off Time (to Standby Mode) From Tx enable falling edge Rx Turn-On Time (from Standby Mode) Measured from Rx enable rising edge; signal settling to within 0.5dB of steady state Rx Turn-Off Time (to Standby Mode) From Rx enable falling edge MIN TYP MAX UNITS 0.1 µs 2 µs 0.1 µs 4-WIRE SERIAL-INTERFACE TIMING (See Figure 1) SCLK Rising Edge to CS Falling Edge Wait Time tCSO 6 ns Falling Edge of CS to Rising Edge of First SCLK Time tCSS 6 ns DIN to SCLK Setup Time tDS 6 ns DIN to SCLK Hold Time tDH 6 ns SCLK Pulse-Width High tCH 6 ns SCLK Pulse-Width Low tCL 6 ns Last Rising Edge of SCLK to Rising Edge of CS or Clock to Load Enable Setup Time tCSH 6 ns CS High Pulse Width tCSW 20 ns Time Between Rising Edge of CS and the Next Rising Edge of SCLK tCS1 6 ns Clock Frequency fCLK 45 MHz Rise Time tR fCLK / 10 ns Fall Time tF fCLK / 10 ns SCLK Falling Edge to Valid DOUT tD 12.5 ns Note 1: Min and max limits guaranteed by test above TA = +25°C and guaranteed by design and characterization at TA = -40°C. The power-on register settings are not production tested. Recommended register setting must be loaded after VCC is supplied. Note 2: Two tones at +25MHz and +39MHz offset with -35dBm/tone. Measure IM3 at 1MHz. Note 3: Gain adjusted over max gain and max gain - 3dB. Optimally matched over given 200MHz band. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX2837 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—TIMING (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX2837 evaluation kit: V CC_ = 2.8V, f LO = 2.5GHz, 10MHz channel 16E UL/DL WiMax signal, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, RXHP = SCLK = DIN = low, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Rx VOLTAGE GAIN vs. BASEBAND GAIN SETTING NOISE FIGURE vs. BASEBAND VGA GAIN SETTING 35 100 LNA = MAX - 8dB 80 LNA = MAX - 16dB 20 15 LNA = MAX - 8dB 10 40 LNA = MAX - 16dB LNA = MAX 20 5 85 LNA = MAX - 32dB 0 0 3.6 0 0 -1 LNA = MAX MAX2837 toc05 1.2 20 18 16 14 0.9 0.6 12 8 6 0.3 4 2 0 8 16 24 BASEBAND VGA CODE 32 Rx EMISSION SPECTRUM AT LNA INPUT PIN = -60dBm -60 -70 -80 fOFFSET = 10MHz 8/3LO -50 MAX2837 toc07 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 (dBm) EVM (%) WiMAX EVM WITH OFDM JAMMER vs. OFFSET FREQUENCY -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 PIN (dBm) 2LO 2.7 LNA = MAX 0 4/3LO 2.4 2.5 2.6 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 MIN LNA GAIN RBW = 300kHz -140 fOFFSET = 20MHz -150 -65 -55 -45 -35 -25 DC PJAMMER (dBm) 10 32 10 0 -2 16 24 BASEBAND VGA CODE Rx EVM vs. PIN LNA = MAX - 8dB LNA = MAX - 16dB 2.3 8 22 EVM (%) LNA = MAX - 32dB 0 32 1.5 Rx IN-BAND OUTPUT V1dB (VRMS) MAX2837 toc04 1 16 24 BASEBAND VGA CODE Rx IN-BAND OUTPUT V1dB vs. BASEBAND GAIN SETTING Rx VOLTAGE GAIN VARIATION vs. RF FREQUENCY 2 8 LNA = MAX - 8dB 3.0 3.3 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 4LO 2.7 MAX2837 toc06 87 60 LNA = MAX - 32dB 89 25 LNA = MAX -16dB TA = +25°C TA = -40°C 91 LNA = MAX Rx VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 93 NOISE FIGURE (dB) CURRENT (mA) 30 MAX2837 toc08 95 LNA = MAX - 32dB 8LO TA = +85°C MAX2837 toc02 40 MAX2837 toc01 97 MAX2837 toc03 Rx CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE Rx VOLTAGE GAIN VARIATION (dB) MAX2837 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver ______________________________________________________________________________________ 26.5GHz 0 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver INPUT RETURN LOSS vs. RF FREQUENCY MAX2837 toc10 CW TONE 2.5 3V LNA = MAX -10 RSSI VOLTAGE (V) -20 LNA = MAX - 8dB, LNA = MAX - 16dB 2.0 LNA = MAX - 8dB 0V 1.5 1.45V 1.0 -30 LNA = MAX - 16dB 0.5 0.45V LNA = MAX - 32dB LNA = MAX -40 0 2.4 2.6 2.8 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 3.0 -120 Rx RSSI STEP RESPONSE (-40dB SIGNAL STEP) -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 INPUT POWER (dBm) 200ns/div 0 HISTOGRAM: Rx STATIC DC OFFSET Rx LPF GROUP DELAY vs. FREQUENCY MAX2837 toc12 350 3V CHANNEL BW = 5MHz 300 78 65 LPF GROUP DELAY (ns) CHANNEL BW = 8MHz 0V 1.5V 250 52 CHANNEL BW = 9MHz 39 CHANNEL BW = 10MHz 150 26 100 13 0 0 200ns/div 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 FREQUENCY (MHz) 14 Tx OUTPUT POWER vs. RF FREQUENCY 145 MAX2837 toc15 1 VCC = 3V, 3.6V 0 Tx POWER (dBm) CURRENT (mA) TA = +85°C 1σ/div 16 Tx CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 150 MEAN: 0mV STD: 0.977mV SAMPLE SIZE: 1006 200 50 0.45V MAX2837 toc14 2.2 MAX2837 toc13 2.0 MAX2837 toc16 INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) LNA = MAX - 32dB MAX2837 toc11 3.0 MAX2837 toc09 0 Rx RSSI STEP RESPONSE (+40dB SIGNAL STEP) RSSI VOLTAGE vs. INPUT POWER TA = +25°C 140 -1 VCC = 2.7V -2 TA = -40°C -3 135 2.7 3.0 3.3 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 3.6 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 2.7 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX2837 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (MAX2837 evaluation kit: V CC_ = 2.8V, f LO = 2.5GHz, 10MHz channel 16E UL/DL WiMax signal, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, RXHP = SCLK = DIN = low, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (MAX2837 evaluation kit: V CC_ = 2.8V, f LO = 2.5GHz, 10MHz channel 16E UL/DL WiMax signal, fREF = 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, RXHP = SCLK = DIN = low, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Tx OUTPUT SPECTRUM -1.5 -2.0 MAX2837 toc19 +25°C -10 -20 FORBIDDEN CODE -1.0 -40°C 0 Tx POWER (dBm) POUT = -3dBm EVM = 1.35% fRF = 2.5GHz 10dB/div (dBm) Tx POWER (dBm) Tx POUT vs. GAIN SETTING 10 MAX2837 toc18 Tx VGA SET TO MAX - 3dB -0.5 MAX2837 toc17 Tx OUTPUT POWER vs. TEMPERATURE 0 -40°C +85°C +25°C -30 -40 -2.5 +85°C -50 -3.0 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 0 85 5MHz/div Tx TRANSMIT SPECTRUM FROM DC TO 26.5GHz RBW = 1MHz 2RF 8/3RF -20 -30 1.8 4RF -40 -50 16/3RF -60 1.6 1.4 -70 -80 1.2 56 64 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -90 -140 1.0 DC 26.5GHz -30 -24 -18 -12 -6 OUTPUT POWER (dBm) 0 -2.5kHz 1ms CRYSTAL OFFSET FREQUENCY (Hz) MAX2837 toc23 500Hz/div 0s 0.01 0.1 1 OFFSET FREQUENCY (MHz) CRYSTAL OFFSET FREQUENCY vs. CTUNE BITS PLL SETTLING TIME FROM SHUTDOWN 2.5kHz -150 0.001 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 -100 -200 -300 -400 -500 -600 -700 -800 KYOCERA (CX-3225SB) MAX2837 toc24 -100 12 24 32 40 48 Tx VGA GAIN CODE PHASE NOISE vs. OFFSET FREQUENCY PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz) 4/3RF 16 -50 MAX2837 toc21 RF EVM (%) -10 EVM vs. Tx OUTPUT POWER 2.0 MAX2837 toc20 0 8 MAX2837 toc22 -40 (dBm) MAX2837 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 CTUNE (DIGITAL BITS) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 10 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver 48 B5 RXRF+ RXRFB4 VCCTXPAD 41 40 39 3 RXBBI37 36 35 QMUX 34 4 33 5 TEMP SENSOR RSSI 90° 6 IMUX QMUX RSSI MUX 32 31 0° SERIAL INTERFACE 7 30 AM DETECTOR 8 29 SCLK 9 28 10 27 15 16 17 SERIAL INPUTS 18 19 20 21 22 GNDCP 14 25 VCCCP 13 ÷ 26 RXBBQ+ RXBBQ- Rx Q OUTPUTS B6 Rx/Tx GAIN CONTROL B7 Rx GAIN CONTROL RSSI DIN SERIAL INPUTS CS SERIAL INPUTS DOUT SERIAL OUTPUT VCCVCO BYPASS GNDVCO ÷ VCCDIG SERIAL INTERFACE 12 PLL CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR/ BUFFER VCCXTAL 11 XTAL1 B1 38 TO RSSI MUX RSSI XTAL2 TXRF- RXBBI+ VCCRXVGA RXHP VCCRXFL TXBBI+ TXBBQ+ TXBBQ- VCCRXMX TXBBI42 B2 TXRF+ Rx/Tx GAIN CONTROL 43 MAX2837 2 VCCTXMX Tx OUTPUT Rx/Tx GAIN CONTROL B3 44 IMUX CLOCKOUT Rx/Tx GAIN CONTROL 45 1 SCLK Rx/Tx GAIN CONTROL 46 + PABIAS Rx INPUT Rx/Tx GAIN CONTROL 47 Rx I OUTPUTS 23 ENABLE MODE CONTROL 24 CPOUT- GNDRXLNA Rx BASEBAND HPF CONTROL Tx INPUTS CPOUT+ VCCRXLNA TXENABLE RXENABLE MODE CONTROL PLL LOOP FILTER REFERENCE CLOCK BUFFER OUTPUT ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 MAX2837 Block Diagram/Typical Operating Circuit 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver MAX2837 Pin Description 14 PIN NAME 1 2 3 VCCRXLNA GNDRXLNA B5 4 RXRF+ 5 RXRF- 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 B4 VCCTXPAD B3 B2 TXRF+ TXRFB1 VCCTXMX PABIAS SCLK CLOCKOUT XTAL2 18 XTAL1 19 20 21 22 VCCXTAL VCCDIG VCCCP GNDCP Crystal-Oscillator Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. Digital Circuit Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. PLL Charge-Pump Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. Charge-Pump Circuit Ground 23 CPOUT+ 24 CPOUT- Differential Charge-Pump Output. Connect the frequency synthesizer’s loop filter between CPOUT+ and CPOUT-. (See the Typical Operating Circuit.) 25 26 ENABLE GNDVCO Operation Mode Logic Input. See Table 1 for operating modes. VCO Ground 27 BYPASS On-Chip VCO Regulator Output Bypass. Bypass with a 1μF capacitor to GND. Do not connect other circuitry to this point. 28 VCCVCO VCO Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. 29 30 31 32 33 34 DOUT CS DIN RSSI B7 B6 35 RXBBQ- 36 RXBBQ+ 37 RXBBI- 38 RXBBI+ 39 VCCRXVGA 40 RXHP 41 VCCRXFL FUNCTION LNA Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. LNA Ground Receiver and Transmitter Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 5 LNA Differential Inputs. Inputs are internally DC-coupled. An external shunt inductor and series capacitors match the inputs to 100 differential. Receiver and Transmitter Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 4 Supply Voltage for Power-Amplifier Driver. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. Receiver and Transmitter Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 3 Receiver and Transmitter Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 2 Power-Amplifier Driver Differential Output. PA driver output is internally matched to a 100 differential. The pins have internal DC-blocking capacitors. Receiver and Transmitter Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 1 Transmitter Upconverter Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. Transmit PA Bias DAC Output Serial-Clock Logic Input of 4-Wire Serial Interface (See Figure 1) Reference Clock Buffer Output Crystal or Reference Clock Input. AC-couple a crystal or a reference clock to this analog input. Connection for Crystal-Oscillator Off-Chip Capacitors. When using an external reference clock input, leave XTAL1 unconnected. Data Logic Output of 4-Wire Serial Interface (See Figure 1) Chip-Select Logic Input of 4-Wire Serial Interface (See Figure 1) Data Logic Input of 4-Wire Serial Interface (See Figure 1) RSSI or Temperature Sensor Multiplexed Analog Output Receiver Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 7 Receiver and Transmitter Gain-Control Logic Input Bit 6 Receiver Baseband Q-Channel Differential Outputs. In Tx calibration mode, these pins are the LO leakage and sideband detector outputs. Receiver Baseband I-Channel Differential Outputs. In Tx calibration mode, these pins are the LO leakage and sideband detector outputs. Receiver VGA Supply Voltage Receiver Baseband AC-Coupling Highpass Corner Frequency Control Logic Input Receiver Baseband Filter Supply Voltage ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver PIN NAME 42 TXBBI- 43 TXBBI+ 44 TXBBQ+ 45 TXBBQ- 46 VCCRXMX FUNCTION Transmitter Baseband I-Channel Differential Inputs Transmitter Baseband Q-Channel Differential Inputs Receiver Downconverters Supply Voltage. Bypass with a capacitor as close as possible to the pin. 47 TXENABLE Tx Mode Control Logic Input. See Table 1 for operating modes. 48 RXENABLE Rx Mode Control Logic Input. See Table 1 for operating modes. EP EP Exposed Paddle. Connect to the ground plane with multiple vias for proper operation and heat dissipation. Do not share with any other pin grounds and bypass capacitors’ ground. Table 1. Operating Mode Table LOGIC PINS REGISTER SETTING ENABLE RXENABLE TXENABLE D1:D0 A4:A0 = 10000 CIRCUIT BLOCK STATES MODE Clock-Out Shutdown Standby Rx Tx 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 1 1 1 Rx Calibration 1 1 0 1 1 Tx Calibration 1 0 1 1 1 Rx PATH Tx PATH Off Off Off Off Off* Off* On Off Off On On Off (Except (Except Upconverters) LNA) Off On (Except PA Driver) PLL, VCO, LO GEN CALIBRATION SECTIONS ON CLOCK OUT Off Off On On On None None None None None On Off On On On On Tx Baseband Buffer On On AM Detector, Rx I/Q Buffers On *Blocks of the transceiver can be selectively enabled through SPI. Detailed Description Modes of Operation The modes of operation for the MAX2837 are clock-out, shutdown, transmit, receive, transmitter calibration, and receiver calibration. See Table 1 for a summary of the modes of operation. The logic input pins—ENABLE (pin 25), TXENABLE (pin 47), and RXENABLE (pin 48)—control the various modes. When the parts are active, various blocks can be shut down individually through SPI. Shutdown Mode The MAX2837 features a low-power shutdown mode. Current drain is the minimum possible with the supply voltages applied. In shutdown mode, all circuit blocks are powered down, except the 4-wire serial bus and its internal programmable registers. If the supply voltage is applied, the registers are loaded and retained. Standby Mode The standby mode is used to enable the frequency synthesizer block while the rest of the device is powered down. In this mode, PLL, VCO, and LO generator are on, so that Tx or Rx modes can be quickly enabled from this mode. These and other blocks can be selectively enabled in this mode. Receive (Rx) Mode In receive mode, all Rx circuit blocks are powered on and active. Antenna signal is applied; RF is downconverted, filtered, and buffered at Rx BB I and Q outputs. The slowcharging Tx circuits are in a precharged “idle-off” state for fast Rx-to-Tx turnaround time. Transmit (Tx) Mode In transmit mode, all Tx circuit blocks are powered on. The external PA is powered on after a programmable ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 MAX2837 Pin Description (continued) MAX2837 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver DON'T CARE DOUT BIT 1 DIN BIT 2 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 13 BIT 14 SCLK tCH tDS tCS1 tCL CS tCSO tCSS tDH tCSH tCSW SPI REGISTER WRITE DON'T CARE DOUT BIT 6 BIT 13 BIT 14 tD DIN BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 5 DON'T CARE SCLK CS SPI REGISTER READ Figure 1. 4-Wire SPI Serial-Interface Timing Diagram delay using the on-chip PA bias DAC. The slow-charging Rx circuits are in a precharged “idle-off” state for fast Tx-to-Rx turnaround time. Clock-Out Only In clock-out mode, the entire transceiver is off except the divided reference clock output on the CLKOUT pin and the clock divider, which remains on. Programmable Registers and 4-Wire SPI Interface The MAX2837 includes 32 programmable 16-bit registers. The most significant bit (MSB) is the read/write selection bit. The next 5 bits are register address. The 10 least significant bits (LSBs) are register data. Register data is loaded through the 4-wire SPI/MICROWIRE™-compatible serial interface. Data at DIN is shifted in MSB first and is framed by CS. When 16 CS is low, the clock is active, and input data is shifted at the rising edge of the clock. During the read mode, register data selected by address bits is shifted out to DOUT at the falling edges of the clock. At the CS rising edge, the 10-bit data bits are latched into the register selected by address bits. See Figure 1. The register values are preserved in shutdown mode as long as the power-supply voltage is maintained. However, every time the power-supply voltage is turned on, the registers are reset to the default values. Note that default register states are not guaranteed, and the user should always reprogram all registers after power-up. MICROWIRE is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corp. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver Chip Information ENABLE GNDVCO BYPASS VCCVCO DOUT CS DIN RSSI B7 RXBBQ- B6 RXBBQ+ PROCESS: SiGe BiCMOS TOP VIEW 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 Package Information 24 CPOUT- RXBBI- 37 23 CPOUT+ RXBBI+ 38 VCCRXVGA 39 22 GNDCP For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. RXHP 40 21 VCCCP PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO. VCCRXFL 41 20 VCCDIG 48 TQFN-EP T4866-2 21-0141 TXBBI- 42 19 VCCXTAL MAX2837 TXBBI+ 43 18 XTAL1 TXBBQ+ 44 17 XTAL2 TXBBQ- 45 16 CLOCKOUT VCCRXMX 46 15 SCLK TXENABLE 47 14 PABIAS + RXENABLE 48 10 11 12 B1 9 TXRF- 8 TXRF+ RXRF+ 7 B2 B5 6 B3 VCCRXLNA 5 VCCTXPAD 4 B4 3 RXRF- 1 GNDRXLNA 13 VCCTXMX 2 THIN QFN 6mm x 6mm ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 MAX2837 Pin Configuration MAX2837 2.3GHz to 2.7GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver Revision History PAGES CHANGED REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 0 5/07 Initial release — 11/08 Corrected SPI description in Programmable Registers and 4-Wire SPIInterface section 16 1 DESCRIPTION Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 18 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2008 Maxim Integrated Products is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.