MIC49300 Micrel MIC49300 3.0A Low Voltage LDO Regulator w/Dual Input Voltages General Description Features The MIC49300 is a high-bandwidth, low-dropout, 3.0A voltage regulator ideal for powering core voltages of low-power microprocessors. The MIC49300 implements a dual supply configuration allowing for very low output impedance and very fast transient response. The MIC49300 requires a bias input supply and a main input supply, allowing for ultra-low input voltages on the main supply rail. The input supply operates from 1.4V to 6.5V and the bias supply requires between 3V and 6.5V for proper operation. The MIC49300 offers fixed output voltages from 0.9V to 1.8V and adjustable output voltages down to 0.9V. The MIC49300 requires a minimum of output capacitance for stability, working optimally with small ceramic capacitors. The MIC49300 is available in a 5-pin S-Pak. It operates over a junction temperature range of –40°C to +125°C. • Input Voltage Range: VIN: 1.4V to 6.5V VBIAS: 3.0V to 6.5V • Stable with 1µF ceramic capacitor • ±1% initial tolerance • Maximum dropout voltage (VIN-VOUT) of 500mV over temperature • Adjustable output voltage down to 0.9V • Ultra fast transient response (Up to 10MHz bandwidth) • Excellent line and load regulation specifications • Logic controlled shutdown option • Thermal shutdown and current limit protection • Power S-Pak package • Junction temperature range: –40°C to 125°C Applications • • • • • • Graphics processors PC Add-In Cards Microprocessor core voltage supply Low voltage digital ICs High Efficiency Linear power supplies SMPS post regulators Typical Application Load Transient Response MIC49300BR IN OUT BIAS ADJ VOUT = 1.0V VOUT 20mV/div VIN = 1.5V R1 VBIAS = 3.3V CBIAS = 1µF Ceramic GND R2 COUT = 10µF Ceramic IOUT 2A/div CIN = 1µF Ceramic VBIAS = 5V VIN = 2.5V VOUT = 1.8V COUT = 10µF Ceramic Low Voltage, Fast Transient Response Regulator TIME (20µs/div.) Micrel, Inc. • 1849 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 • http://www.micrel.com October 2003 1 MIC49300 MIC49300 Micrel Ordering Information Part Number Output Current Voltage Temperature Range Package MIC49300-0.9BR 3A 0.9V –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-5 MIC49300-1.2BR 3A 1.2V –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-5 MIC49300-1.5BR 3A 1.5V –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-5 MIC49300-1.8BR 3A 1.8V –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-5 MIC49300BR 3A ADJ. –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-5 Other voltages available. Contact Micrel for details. Pin Configuration TAB 5 4 3 2 1 VOUT VIN GND VBIAS EN/ADJ. 5-Lead S-Pak (R) Pin Description Pin Number Pin Name 1 Enable MIC49300 Pin Function Enable (Input): CMOS compatible input. Logic high = enable, logic low = shutdown. ADJ. Adjustable regulator feedback input. Connect to resistor voltage divider. 4 VIN Input voltage which supplies current to the output power device. 5 VOUT Regulator Output. 2 VBIAS Input Bias Voltage for powering all circuitry on the regulator with the exception of the output power device. 3 GND Ground (TAB is connected to ground on S-Pak). 2 October 2003 MIC49300 Micrel Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Operating Ratings (Note 2) Supply Voltage (VIN) ....................................................... 8V Bias Supply Voltage (VBIAS) ............................................ 8V Enable Input Voltage (VEN) ............................................. 8V Power Dissipation .................................... Internally Limited ESD Rating, Note 3 ...................................................... 2kV Supply Voltage (VIN) ....................................... 1.4V to 6.5V Bias Supply Voltage (VBIAS) ............................... 3V to 6.5V Enable Input Voltage (VEN) .................................. 0V to VIN Junction Temperature Range ............. –40°C ≤TJ ≤ +125°C Package Thermal Resistance S-PAK(θJC) ............................................................ 2°C/W Electrical Characteristics TA = 25°C with VBIAS = VOUT +2.1V; VIN = VOUT + 1V; bold values indicate –40°C < TJ < +125°C, Note 4; unless otherwise specified. Parameter Conditions Output Voltage Accuracy At 25°C, fixed voltage options Over temperature range Line Regulation VIN = 2.0V to 6.5V Load Regulation Dropout Voltage (VIN – VOUT) Min Typ Max Units +1 +2 % % 0.01 +0.1 %/V IL = 0mA to 3A 0.2 0.5 % IL = 1.5A 125 200 mV IL = 3A 280 400 mV Dropout Voltage (VBIAS – VOUT) Note 4 IL = 3A 1.5 2.1 V Ground Pin Current, Note 5 IL = 0mA 25 IL = 3A 25 50 mA 0.07 5 µA –1 –2 –0.1 mA Ground Pin Current in Shutdown VEN ≤ 0.6V, (IBIAS + ICC), Note 6 Current thru VBIAS IL = 0mA 20 35 mA IL = 3A 50 150 mA VOUT = 0V 6.5 9 A 0.6 V V 0.1 1.0 µA 0.9 0.909 0.918 V V Current Limit Enable Input, Note 6 Enable Input Threshold (Fixed Voltage only) Regulator enable Regulator shutdown 1.6 Enable Pin Input Current Reference Reference Voltage Adjustable option only 0.891 0.882 Note 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. Note 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. Note 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5k in series with 100pF. Note 4. For VOUT ≤1V, VBIAS dropout specification does not apply due to a minimum 3V VBIAS input. Note 5. IGND = IBIAS + (IIN – IOUT). At high loads, input current on VIN will be less than the output current, due to drive current being supplied by VBIAS. Note 6. Fixed output voltage versions only. October 2003 3 MIC49300 MIC49300 Micrel Functional Diagram VBIAS VIN Ilimit VEN/ADJ Fixed Enable Bandgap Adj. VIN Open Circuit Fixed MIC49300 4 VOUT R1 R2 October 2003 MIC49300 Micrel Typical Characteristics VIN Dropout vs. Output Current 1.7 VBIAS Dropout vs. Output Current Dropout vs. Temperature (Input Supply) 400 350 250 200 150 100 50 VIN DROPOUT (mV) 1.6 VBIAS DROPOUT (V) VIN DROPOUT (mV) 300 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 300 250 200 150 100 50 1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 3 0 BIAS CURRENT (mA) 100mA 1.4 3A 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 20 IOUT = 0mA 15 10 5 VOUT = 1.8V VBIAS = 5V IOUT = 2A 800 700 600 500 400 300 IOUT = 3A IOUT = 1A 200 100 VBIAS = 5V 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 INPUT SUPPLY (V) 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Bias Current vs. Output Current Bias Current vs. Temperature Bias Current vs. Temperature 35 30 30 BIAS CURRENT (mA) 35 25 20 15 10 VBIAS = 5V VIN = 2.5V 5 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 25 IOUT = 100mA 20 15 IOUT = 100µA 10 5 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3.0 Output Voltage vs. Temperature 1.824 1.814 1.804 1.794 1.784 1.774 1.764 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) 50 40 IOUT = 3A IOUT = 2A 30 20 10 IOUT = 1A 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) Short Circuit vs. Temperature SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (A) 1.834 October 2003 60 IOUT = 500mA BIAS CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1000 900 IOUT = 100mA 0.2 BIAS CURRENT (mA) Bias Current vs. Supply Voltage 25 2.0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3.0 Bias Current vs. Input Supply Dropout Characteristics 1.8 1.6 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) BIAS CURRENT (mA) 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE(°C) 5 MIC49300 MIC49300 Micrel Input Capacitor An input capacitor of 1µF or greater is recommended when the device is more than 4 inches away from the bulk supply capacitance, or when the supply is a battery. Small, surfacemount, ceramic chip capacitors can be used for the bypassing. The capacitor should be placed within 1" of the device for optimal performance. Larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity of the output voltage. Thermal Design Linear regulators are simple to use. The most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. Thermal design requires the following application-specific parameters: • Maximum ambient temperature (TA) • Output Current (IOUT) • Output Voltage (VOUT) • Input Voltage (VIN) • Ground Current (IGND) First, calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet. PD = VIN × IIN + VBIAS × IBIAS – VOUT × IOUT The input current will be less than the output current at high output currents as the load increases. The bias current is a sum of base drive and ground current. Ground current is constant over load current. Then the heat sink thermal resistance is determined with this formula: Applications Information The MIC49300 is an ultra-high performance, low dropout linear regulator designed for high current applications requiring fast transient response. The MIC49300 utilizes two input supplies, significantly reducing dropout voltage, perfect for low-voltage, DC-to-DC conversion. The MIC49300 requires a minimum of external components and obtains a bandwidth of up to 10MHz. As a µCap regulator, the output is tolerant of virtually any type of capacitor including ceramic and tantalum. The MIC49300 regulator is fully protected from damage due to fault conditions, offering linear current limiting and thermal shutdown. Bias Supply Voltage VBIAS, requiring relatively light current, provides power to the control portion of the MIC49300. VBIAS requires approximately 33mA for a 1.5A load current. Dropout conditions require higher currents. Most of the biasing current is used to supply the base current to the pass transistor. This allows the pass element to be driven into saturation, reducing the dropout to 300mV at a 1.5A load current. Bypassing on the bias pin is recommended to improve performance of the regulator during line and load transients. Small ceramic capacitors from VBIAS to ground help reduce high frequency noise from being injected into the control circuitry from the bias rail and are good design practice. Good bypass techniques typically include one larger capacitor such as a 1µF ceramic and smaller valued capacitors such as 0.01µF or 0.001µF in parallel with that larger capacitor to decouple the bias supply. The VBIAS input voltage must be 1.6V above the output voltage with a minimum VBIAS input voltage of 3V. Input Supply Voltage VIN provides the high current to the collector of the pass transistor. The minimum input voltage is 1.4V, allowing conversion from low voltage supplies. Output Capacitor The MIC49300 requires a minimum of output capacitance to maintain stability. However, proper capacitor selection is important to ensure desired transient response. The MIC49300 is specifically designed to be stable with virtually any capacitance value and ESR. A 1µF ceramic chip capacitor should satisfy most applications. Output capacitance can be increased without bound. See typical characteristics for examples of load transient response. X7R dielectric ceramic capacitors are recommended because of their temperature performance. X7R-type capacitors change capacitance by 15% over their operating temperature range and are the most stable type of ceramic capacitors. Z5U and Y5V dielectric capacitors change value by as much as 50% and 60%, respectively, over their operating temperature ranges. To use a ceramic chip capacitor with Y5V dielectric, the value must be much higher than an X7R ceramic or a tantalum capacitor to ensure the same capacitance value over the operating temperature range. Tantalum capacitors have a very stable dielectric (10% over their operating temperature range) and can also be used with this device. MIC49300 TJ(MAX) – TA θSA = PD – θ JC + θCS ( ) The heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the maximum input voltage is known and large compared with the dropout voltage. Use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and distribute the heat between this resistor and the regulator. The low dropout properties of the MIC49300 allow significant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink without compromising performance. When this technique is employed, a capacitor of at least 1µF is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. Refer to Application Note 9 for further details and examples on thermal design and heat sink specification. Minimum Load Current The MIC49300, unlike most other high current regulators, does not require a minimum load to maintain output voltage regulation. Power Sequencing There is no power sequencing requirement for VIN and VBIAS, giving more flexibility to the user. 6 October 2003 MIC49300 Micrel Adjustable Regulator Design The MIC49300 adjustable version allows programming the output voltage anywhere between 0.9Vand 5V. Two resistors are used. The resistor value between VOUT and the adjust pin should not exceed 1kΩ. Larger values can cause instability. The resistor values are calculated by: V R1 = R2 × OUT – 1 0.9 Where VOUT is the desired output voltage. Enable The fixed output voltage versions of the MIC49300 feature an active high enable input (EN) that allows on-off control of the regulator. Current drain reduces to “zero” when the device is sn}t ◊wn, with only microamperes of leakage current. The EN input has TTL/CMOS compatible thresholds for simple logic interfacing. EN may be directly tied to VIN and pulled up to the maximum supply voltage October 2003 7 MIC49300 MIC49300 Micrel Package Information 0.370±0.005 9.395±0.125 0.355±0.005 9.015±0.125 0.040±0.010 1.015±0.255 0.075±0.005 1.905±0.125 0.256 6.50 0.010 0.250 0.040±0.005 1.015±0.125 0.315±0.005 8.000±0.130 0.415±0.005 10.54±0.130 0.067 1.700 INCHES MILLIMETER 0.003±0.002 0.080±0.050 0.010 0.250 0.028±0.003 0.710±0.080 0.036±0.005 0.915±0.125 0° min 6° max 5-Lead S-Pak (R) MICREL, INC. 1849 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 TEL + 1 (408) 944-0800 FAX + 1 (408) 944-0970 WEB USA http://www.micrel.com The information furnished by Micrel in this datasheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is at Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2003 Micrel, Incorporated. MIC49300 8 October 2003