SynQor MQFL-28-09S Hiigh relliiabiilliitty dc/dc convertter Datasheet

MQFL-28-09S
Single Output
HIGH RELIABILITY DC/DC CONVERTER
16-40V
16-50V
Continuous Input Transient Input
9.0V
Output
13A
91% @ 6.5A / 89% @ 13A
Output
F U L L P O W E R O P E R AT I O N : - 5 5 º C
Efficiency
TO
+125ºC
T he Mi l Qo r ® s e r i e s o f h i g h - r e l i a b i l i t y D C / D C c o n v e r t e r s b r i n g s
Sy n Q or’ s f ie l d pr ove n h ig h- e ff ic i e nc y sy nc h ro nou s r e ct if i er t e c h n ology to th e Mi lit ar y/Aeros pace i n du str y. SynQ or’ s i n nova TM
tive QorSeal p ac k a gi ng a p p ro a c h e n su re s su r v iv a b il it y i n t he
m ost h ost ile envi ron men ts . Co mpati ble wit h t he i ndus try st an dard f ormat, t hese con ver ters o perat e at a f ix ed f requency,
h ave n o opto- iso lat ors, and follow con servati ve com po nen t
d e ra t in g gui d e li ne s . T he y a re de s ign e d an d ma nu fa ctu re d t o
com ply wit h a wide rang e of mili tary stan dar ds .
Design Pr ocess
MQFL series converters are:
• Designed for reliability per NAVSO-P3641-A guidelines
• Designed with components derated per:
— MIL-HDBK-1547A
— NAVSO P-3641A
Qualification Pr ocess
MQFL series converters are qualified to:
• MIL-STD-810F
— consistent with RTCA/D0-160E
• SynQor’s First Article Qualification
— consistent with MIL-STD-883F
• SynQor’s Long-Term Storage Survivability Qualification
• SynQor’s on-going life test
DESIGNED & MANUFACTURED IN THE USA
FEATURING QORSEAL™ HI-REL ASSEMBLY
Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fixed switching frequency
No opto-isolators
Parallel operation with current share
Remote sense
Clock synchronization
Primary and secondary referenced enable
Continuous short circuit and overload protection
Input under-voltage lockout/over-voltage shutdown
Specification Compliance
In-Line Manufacturing Pr ocess
•
•
•
•
•
•
MQFL series converters (with MQME filter) are designed to meet:
• MIL-HDBK-704-8 (A through F)
• RTCA/DO-160E Section 16
• MIL-STD-1275B
• DEF-STAN 61-5 (part 6)/5
• MIL-STD-461 (C, D, E)
• RTCA/DO-160E Section 22
AS9100 and ISO 9001:2000 certified facility
Full component traceability
Temperature cycling
Constant acceleration
24, 96, 160 hour burn-in
Three level temperature screening
Product # MQFL-28-09S
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Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 1
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
BLOCK DIAGRAM
REGULATION STAGE
7
ISOLATION STAGE
CURRENT
SENSE
1
POSITIVE
INPUT
T1
T2
T1
POSITIVE
OUTPUT
T2
2
8
INPUT
RETURN
ISOLATION BARRIER
OUTPUT
RETURN
3
CASE
GATE DRIVERS
UVLO
OVSD
CURRENT
LIMIT
4
GATE DRIVERS
12
ENABLE 2
11
MAGNETIC
ENABLE 1
PRIMARY
CONTROL
5
SECONDARY
CONTROL
SHARE
10
DATA COUPLING
SYNC OUTPUT
+ SENSE
6
9
SYNC INPUT
- SENSE
BIAS POWER
CONTROL
POWER
TRANSFORMER
TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM
1
2
3
4
28Vdc +
–
5
open
means
on
Product # MQFL-28-09S
6
+VIN
ENA 2
IN RTN
SHARE
CASE
+ SNS
ENA 1
MQFL
SYNC OUT
OUT RTN
SYNC IN
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– SNS
+VOUT
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12
11
open
means
on
10
9
+
Load
8
–
7
Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 2
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
MQFL-28-09S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Min.
Nom.
Max.
Units Notes & Conditions
Vin=28V DC ±5%, Iout = 13A, CL = 0 µF,
free running10 unless otherwise specified
Group A
Subgroup13
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage
Non-Operating
Operating 1
Reverse Bias (TCASE = 125ºC)
Reverse Bias (TCASE = -55ºC)
Isolation Voltage (input/output to case, input to output)
Continuous
Transient (£100 µs)
Operating Case Temperature 2
Storage Case Temperature
Lead Temperature (20 sec)
Voltage at ENA1, ENA2, SYNC IN
-500
-800
-55
-65
-1.2
60
60
-0.8
-1.2
V
V
V
V
500
800
135
135
300
50
V
V
°C
°C
°C
V
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Operating Input Voltage Range (continuous)
Operating Input Voltage Range (transient, 1 sec)
Input Under-Voltage Lockout 3
Turn-On Voltage Threshold
Turn-Off Voltage Threshold
Lockout Voltage Hysteresis
Input Over-Voltage Shutdown 3
Turn-Off Voltage Threshold
Turn-On Voltage Threshold
Shutdown Voltage Hysteresis
Maximum Input Current
No Load Input Current (operating)
Disabled Input Current (ENA1)
Disabled Input Current (ENA2)
Input Terminal Current Ripple (peak to peak)
16
16
28
28
40
50
V
V
1, 2, 3
4, 5, 6
14.75
13.80
0.50
15.50
14.40
1.10
16.00
15.00
1.80
V
V
V
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
54.0
50.0
2.0
56.8
51.4
5.3
60.0
54.0
8.0
9.5
160
5
50
60
V
V
V
A
mA
mA
mA
mA
9.09
9.15
20
55
9.18
40
13
117
16.5
17.5
Vout at sense leads
“
“
; Vin = 16V, 28V, 50V
“
; Vout @ (Iout=0A) - Vout @ (Iout=13A)
“
Bandwidth = 10 MHz; CL=11µF
50
5,000
V
V
mV
mV
V
mV
A
W
A
A
A
mA
µF
-350
350
100
600
200
mV
mV
µs
Total Iout step = 6.5A « 13A, 1.3A « 6.5A; CL=11µF
“
mV
mV
µs
Vin step = 16V « 50V; CL=11µF
“
250
500
500
500
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
See Note 5
6
0
5.5
3.0
1.5
10
2
8.0
6.0
3.0
ms
%
ms
ms
ms
Vout = 0.9V ® 8.1V
4, 5, 6
See Note 5
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
32
33
%
%
%
%
%
%
W
W
90
2
25
40
Vin = 16V; Iout = 13A
Vin = 16V, 28V, 50V
Vin = 16V, 28V, 50V
Bandwidth = 100 kHz – 10 MHz; see Figure 14
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Set Point (TCASE = 25ºC)
Output Voltage Set Point Over Temperature
Output Voltage Line Regulation
Output Voltage Load Regulation
Total Output Voltage Range
Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak to Peak
Operating Output Current Range
Operating Output Power Range
Output DC Current-Limit Inception 4
Short Circuit Output Current
Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled
Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled
Maximum Output Capacitance
8.91
8.85
-20
35
8.82
0
0
13.5
13.5
9.00
9.00
0
45
9.00
15
15.0
15.5
4.2
10
Vout £ 1.2V
1
2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
See Note 5
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Deviation Load Transient 6
For a Positive Step Change in Load Current
For a Negative Step Change in Load Current
Settling Time (either case) 7
Output Voltage Deviation Line Transient 8
For a Positive Step Change in Line Voltage
For a Negative Step Change in Line Voltage
Settling Time (either case) 7
Turn-On Transient
Output Voltage Rise Time
Output Voltage Overshoot
Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin 9 11
Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA1 11
Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA2 11
-600
-500
-500
ENA1, ENA2 = 5V
ENA2 = 5V
ENA1 = 5V
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
EFFICIENCY
Iout = 13A (16Vin)
Iout = 6.5A (16Vin)
Iout = 13A (28Vin)
Iout = 6.5A (28Vin)
Iout = 13A (40Vin)
Iout = 6.5A (40Vin)
Load Fault Power Dissipation
Short Circuit Power Dissipation
Product # MQFL-28-09S
86
87
85
87
84
86
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90
91
89
91
88
90
18
20
www.synqor.com
Iout at current limit inception point
Vout £ 1.2V
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Page 3
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
MQFL-28-09S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)
Parameter
Min.
Nom.
Max.
Units Notes & Conditions
Vin=28V DC ±5%, Iout = 13A, CL = 0 µF,
free running10 unless otherwise specified
Group A
Subgroup13
ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS
Isolation Voltage (dielectric strength)
Input RTN to Output RTN
Any Input Pin to Case
Any Output Pin to Case
Isolation Resistance (input rtn to output rtn)
Isolation Resistance (any pin to case)
Isolation Capacitance (input rtn to output rtn)
500
500
500
100
100
V
V
V
MW
MW
nF
1
1
1
1
1
1
600
kHz
1, 2, 3
500
2
-0.5
20
700
10
0.8
80
kHz
V
V
%
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
See Note 5
20
25
75
mA
%
44
FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS
Switching Frequency (free running)
Synchronization Input
Frequency Range
Logic Level High
Logic Level Low
Duty Cycle
Synchronization Output
Pull Down Current
Duty Cycle
Enable Control (ENA1 and ENA2)
Off-State Voltage
Module Off Pulldown Current
On-State Voltage
Module On Pin Leakage Current
Pull-Up Voltage
500
550
0.8
80
2
3.2
4.0
20
4.5
V
µA
V
µA
V
VSYNC OUT = 0.8V
Output connected to SYNC IN of another MQFL converter
Current drain required to ensure module is off
Maximum current draw from pin allowed with module still on
See Figure A
See Note 5
See Note 5
1, 2, 3
See Note 5
1, 2, 3
See Note 5
1, 2, 3
RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS
Calculated MTBF (MIL-STD-217F2)
GB @ Tcase=70ºC
AIF @ Tcase=70ºC
Demonstrated MTBF
2800
440
TBD
103 Hrs.
103 Hrs.
103 Hrs.
79
g
WEIGHT CHARACTERISTICS
Device Weight
Electrical Characteristics Notes
1. Converter will undergo input over-voltage shutdown.
2. Derate output power to 50% of rated power at Tcase = 135º C.
3. High or low state of input voltage must persist for about 200µs to be acted on by the lockout or shutdown circuitry.
4. Current limit inception is defined as the point where the output voltage has dropped to 90% of its nominal value.
5. Parameter not tested but guaranteed to the limit specified.
6. Load current transition time ³ 10µs.
7. Settling time measured from start of transient to the point where the output voltage has returned to ±1% of its final value.
8. Line voltage transition time ³ 100µs.
9. Input voltage rise time £ 250µs.
10. Operating the converter at a synchronization frequency above the free running frequency will cause the converter’s efficiency to be
slightly reduced and it may also cause a slight reduction in the maximum output current/power available. For more information consult
the factory.
11. After a disable or fault event, module is inhibited from restarting for 300ms. See Shut Down section on Page 9.
12. SHARE pin outputs a power failure warning pulse during a fault condition. See Current Share section on Page 11.
13. Only the ES and HB grade products are tested at three temperatures. The B and C grade products are tested at one temperature. Please refer to the
ESS table on Page 13 for details.
14. These derating curves apply for the ES- and HB- grade products. The C- grade product has a maximum case temperature of 100º C and a maximum
junction temperature rise of 20º C above TCASE. The B- grade product has a maximum case temperature of 85º C and a maximum junction temperature rise of 20º C at full load.
Product # MQFL-28-09S
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Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 4
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
100
100
95
95
90
90
Efficiency (%)
Efficiency (%)
Technical Specification
85
80
75
70
80
75
70
16 Vin
28 Vin
65
85
16 Vin
28 Vin
40 Vin
65
40 Vin
60
60
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
-55ºC
13
25ºC
Load Current (A)
Figure 2: Efficiency at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs.
case temperature for input voltage of 16V, 28V, and 40V.
20
20
18
18
16
16
Power Dissipation (W)
Power Dissipation (W)
Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at TCASE =25°C.
14
12
10
8
6
16 Vin
4
14
12
10
8
6
16 Vin
4
28 Vin
2
28 Vin
2
40 Vin
0
40 Vin
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
-55ºC
25ºC
Load Current (A)
Figure 4: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage and 60% rated
power vs. case temperature for input voltage of 16V, 28V, and 40V.
18
162
10
16
144
9
14
126
12
108
10
90
8
72
6
54
Tjmax = 105ºC
Tjmax = 125ºC
Tjmax = 145ºC
4
2
Pout (W)
Output Voltage (V)
8
65
5
4
3
85
105
125 135
0
145
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
Load Current (A)
Figure 5: Output Current / Output Power derating curve as a function
of TCASE and the Maximum desired power MOSFET junction temperature at Vin = 28V (see Note 14).
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28 Vin
1
Case Temperature (ºC)
Product # MQFL-28-09S
6
2
18
0
45
7
36
0
25
125ºC
Case Temperature (ºC)
Figure 3: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current
for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at TCASE =25°C.
Iout (A)
125ºC
Case Temperature (ºC)
Figure 6: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit
curves.
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Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 5
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
Figure 7: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output capacitance initiated by ENA1. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Vout
(2V/div). Ch 2: ENA1 (5V/div).
Figure 8: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and 5 mF output
capacitance initiated by ENA1. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Vout
(2V/div). Ch 2: ENA1 (5V/div).
Figure 9: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output capacitance initiated by ENA2. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Vout
(2V/div). Ch 2: ENA2 (5V/div).
Figure 10: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output
capacitance initiated by Vin. ENA1 and ENA2 both previously high.
Ch 1: Vout (2V/div). Ch 2: Vin (10V/div).
Figure 11: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%100%-50% of Iout (max). Load cap: 1µ F ceramic cap and 10µ F, 100 mW ESR
tantalum cap. Ch 1: Vout (500mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (10A/div).
Figure 12: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (0%-50%0% of Iout (max). Load cap: 1µ F ceramic cap and 10µ F, 100 mW ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: Vout (500mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (10A/div).
Product # MQFL-28-09S
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Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 6
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
See Fig. 15
MQME
Filter
iC
See Fig. 16
MQFL
Converter
VSOURCE
VOUT
1 µF
10 µF,
ceramic 100mW ESR
capacitor
capacitor
Figure 13: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (16V 50V - 16V). Load cap: 10µ F, 100 mW ESR tantalum cap and 1µ F ceramic
cap. Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div). Ch 2: Vin (20V/div).
Figure 14: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Input
Terminal Ripple Current (Figure 15) and Output Voltage Ripple (Figure
16).
Figure 15: Input terminal current ripple, ic, at full rated output current
and nominal input voltage with SynQor MQ filter module (50 mA/div).
Bandwidth: 20MHz. See Figure 14.
Figure 16: Output voltage ripple, Vout, at nominal input voltage and
rated load current (10 mV/div). Load capacitance: 1µ F ceramic capacitor and 10µ F tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 10 MHz. See Figure 14.
Figure 17: Rise of output voltage after the removal of a short circuit
across the output terminals. Ch 1: Vout (2V/div). Ch 2: Iout (5A/div).
Figure 18: SYNC OUT vs. time, driving SYNC IN of a second SynQor
MQFL converter. Ch1: SYNC OUT: (1V/div).
Product # MQFL-28-09S
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Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 7
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
1
0
Forward Transmission (dB)
Output Impedance (ohms)
-10
0.1
0.01
16Vin
28Vin
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
16Vin
28Vin
-80
40Vin
-90
40Vin
-100
0.001
10
100
1,000
10,000
10
100,000
100
Hz
1,000
10,000
100,000
Hz
Figure 19: Magnitude of incremental output impedance (Zout =
vout/iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full
rated power.
Figure 20: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission (FT =
vout/vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full
rated power.
10
100
Input Impedance (ohms)
Reverse Transmission (dB)
0
-10
-20
-30
16Vin
28Vin
-40
10
1
16Vin
28Vin
0.1
40Vin
40Vin
-50
0.01
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
10
Hz
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
Hz
Figure 21: Magnitude of incremental reverse transmission (RT =
iin/iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated
power.
Figure 22: Magnitude of incremental input impedance (Zin = vin/iin)
for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.
Figure 23: High frequency conducted emissions of standalone MQFL-2805S, 5Vout module at 120W output, as measured with Method CE102.
Limit line shown is the 'Basic Curve' for all applications with a 28V source.
Figure 24: High frequency conducted emissions of MQFL-28-05S, 5Vout module at 120W output with MQFL-28-P filter, as measured with Method CE102.
Limit line shown is the 'Basic Curve' for all applications with a 28V source.
Product # MQFL-28-09S
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Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 8
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES
The MQFL DC/DC converter uses a two-stage power conversion
topology. The first, or regulation, stage is a buck-converter that
keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load,
and temperature. The second, or isolation, stage uses transformers to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage
transformation to achieve the output voltage required.
Both the regulation and the isolation stages switch at a fixed frequency for predictable EMI performance. The isolation stage
switches at one half the frequency of the regulation stage, but
due to the push-pull nature of this stage it creates a ripple at double its switching frequency. As a result, both the input and the
output of the converter have a fundamental ripple frequency of
about 550 kHz in the free-running mode.
Rectification of the isolation stage’s output is accomplished with
synchronous rectifiers. These devices, which are MOSFETs with
a very low resistance, dissipate far less energy than would
Schottky diodes. This is the primary reason why the MQFL converters have such high efficiency, particularly at low output voltages.
Besides improving efficiency, the synchronous rectifiers permit
operation down to zero load current. There is no longer a need
for a minimum load, as is typical for converters that use diodes
for rectification. The synchronous rectifiers actually permit a negative load current to flow back into the converter’s output terminals if the load is a source of short or long term energy. The
MQFL converters employ a “back-drive current limit” to keep this
negative output terminal current small.
There is a control circuit on both the input and output sides of the
MQFL converter that determines the conduction state of the
power switches. These circuits communicate with each other
across the isolation barrier through a magnetically coupled
device. No opto-isolators are used.
A separate bias supply provides power to both the input and output control circuits. Among other things, this bias supply permits
the converter to operate indefinitely into a short circuit and to
avoid a hiccup mode, even under a tough start-up condition.
An input under-voltage lockout feature with hysteresis is provided,
as well as an input over-voltage shutdown. There is also an output current limit that is nearly constant as the load impedance
decreases to a short circuit (i.e., there is not fold-back or fold-forward characteristic to the output current under this condition).
When a load fault is removed, the output voltage rises exponentially to its nominal value without an overshoot.
Product # MQFL-28-09S
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The MQFL converter’s control circuit does not implement an output over-voltage limit or an over-temperature shutdown.
The following sections describe the use and operation of additional control features provided by the MQFL converter.
CONTROL FEATURES
ENABLE: The MQFL converter has two enable pins. Both must
have a logic high level for the converter to be enabled. A logic
low on either pin will inhibit the converter.
The ENA1 pin (pin 4) is referenced with respect to the converter’s
input return (pin 2). The ENA2 pin (pin 12) is referenced with
respect to the converter’s output return (pin 8). This permits the
converter to be inhibited from either the input or the output side.
Regardless of which pin is used to inhibit the converter, the regulation and the isolation stages are turned off. However, when
the converter is inhibited through the ENA1 pin, the bias supply
is also turned off, whereas this supply remains on when the converter is inhibited through the ENA2 pin. A higher input standby
current therefore results in the latter case.
5.6V
1N4148
PIN 4
(or PIN 12)
82K
ENABLE
TO ENABLE
CIRCUITRY
250K
2N3904
125K
PIN 2
(or PIN 8)
RTN
Figure A: Equivalent circuit looking into either the ENA1 or ENA2
pins with respect to its corresponding return pin.
Both enable pins are internally pulled high so that an open connection on both pins will enable the converter. Figure A shows
the equivalent circuit looking into either enable pins. It is TTL
compatible.
SHUT DOWN: The MQFL converter will shut down in response
to only four conditions: ENA1 input low, ENA2 input low, VIN
input below under-voltage lockout threshold, or VIN input above
over-voltage shutdown threshold. Following a shutdown event,
there is a startup inhibit delay which will prevent the converter
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 9
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
from restarting for approximately 300ms. After the 300ms delay
elapses, if the enable inputs are high and the input voltage is
within the operating range, the converter will restart. If the VIN
input is brought down to nearly 0V and back into the operating
range, there is no startup inhibit, and the output voltage will rise
according to the "Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin" specification.
REMOTE SENSE: The purpose of the remote sense pins is to
correct for the voltage drop along the conductors that connect the
converter’s output to the load. To achieve this goal, a separate
conductor should be used to connect the +SENSE pin (pin 10)
directly to the positive terminal of the load, as shown in the connection diagram on Page 2. Similarly, the –SENSE pin (pin 9)
should be connected through a separate conductor to the return
terminal of the load.
NOTE: Even if remote sensing of the load voltage is not desired,
the +SENSE and the -SENSE pins must be connected to +Vout
(pin 7) and OUTPUT RETURN (pin 8), respectively, to get proper
regulation of the converter’s output. If they are left open, the converter will have an output voltage that is approximately 200mV
higher than its specified value. If only the +SENSE pin is left
open, the output voltage will be approximately 25mV too high.
Inside the converter, +SENSE is connected to +Vout with a 100W
resistor and –SENSE is connected to OUTPUT RETURN with a
10W resistor.
It is also important to note that when remote sense is used, the
voltage across the converter’s output terminals (pins 7 and 8) will
be higher than the converter’s nominal output voltage due to
resistive drops along the connecting wires. This higher voltage
at the terminals produces a greater voltage stress on the converter’s internal components and may cause the converter to fail to
deliver the desired output voltage at the low end of the input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and temperature
range. Please consult the factory for details.
SYNCHRONIZATION: The MQFL converter’s switching frequency can be synchronized to an external frequency source that
is in the 500 kHz to 700 kHz range. A pulse train at the desired
frequency should be applied to the SYNC IN pin (pin 6) with
respect to the INPUT RETURN (pin 2). This pulse train should
have a duty cycle in the 20% to 80% range. Its low value should
be below 0.8V to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic low,
and its high value should be above 2.0V to be guaranteed to be
interpreted as a logic high. The transition time between the two
states should be less than 300ns.
If the MQFL converter is not to be synchronized, the SYNC IN pin
should be left open circuit. The converter will then operate in its
free-running mode at a frequency of approximately 550 kHz.
Product # MQFL-28-09S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
If, due to a fault, the SYNC IN pin is held in either a logic low or
logic high state continuously, the MQFL converter will revert to its
free-running frequency.
The MQFL converter also has a SYNC OUT pin (pin 5). This output can be used to drive the SYNC IN pins of as many as ten (10)
other MQFL converters. The pulse train coming out of SYNC
OUT has a duty cycle of 50% and a frequency that matches the
switching frequency of the converter with which it is associated.
This frequency is either the free-running frequency if there is no
synchronization signal at the SYNC IN pin, or the synchronization frequency if there is.
The SYNC OUT signal is available only when the DC input voltage is above approximately 12V and when the converter is not
inhibited through the ENA1 pin. An inhibit through the ENA2
pin will not turn the SYNC OUT signal off.
NOTE: An MQFL converter that has its SYNC IN pin driven by
the SYNC OUT pin of a second MQFL converter will have its start
of its switching cycle delayed approximately 180 degrees relative to that of the second converter.
Figure B shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN
pin. Figure C shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC
OUT pin.
5V
5K
TO SYNC
CIRCUITRY
PIN 6
SYNC IN
PIN 2
5K
IN RTN
Figure B: Equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN pin with
respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin.
5V
5K
SYNC OUT
FROM SYNC
CIRCUITRY
IN RTN
OPEN COLLECTOR
OUTPUT
PIN 5
PIN 2
Figure C: Equivalent circuit looking into SYNC OUT pin with
respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin.
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 10
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
CURRENT SHARE: When several MQFL converters are placed
in parallel to achieve either a higher total load power or N+1
redundancy, their SHARE pins (pin 11) should be connected
together. The voltage on this common SHARE node represents
the average current delivered by all of the paralleled converters.
Each converter monitors this average value and adjusts itself so
that its output current closely matches that of the average.
Trim Resistance (ohms)
100,000
Since the SHARE pin is monitored with respect to the OUTPUT
RETURN (pin 8) by each converter, it is important to connect all
of the converters’ OUTPUT RETURN pins together through a low
DC and AC impedance. When this is done correctly, the converters will deliver their appropriate fraction of the total load current to within +/- 10% at full rated load.
Whether or not converters are paralleled, the voltage at the
SHARE pin could be used to monitor the approximate average
current delivered by the converter(s). A nominal voltage of 1.0V
represents zero current and a nominal voltage of 2.2V represents
the maximum rated current, with a linear relationship in between.
The internal source resistance of a converter’s SHARE pin signal
is 2.5 kW. During an input voltage fault or primary disable event,
the SHARE pin outputs a power failure warning pulse. The
SHARE pin will go to 3V for approximately 14ms as the output
voltage falls.
NOTE: Converters operating from separate input filters with
reverse polarity protection (such as the MQME-28-T filter) with
their outputs connected in parallel may exhibit hiccup operation
at light loads. Consult factory for details.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM: If desired, it is possible to increase
the MQFL converter’s output voltage above its nominal value. To
do this, use the +SENSE pin (pin 10) for this trim function instead
of for its normal remote sense function, as shown in Figure D. In
this case, a resistor connects the +SENSE pin to the –SENSE pin
1
2
3
4
28Vdc +
–
5
open
means
on
6
10,000
1,000
100
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Increase in Vout (V)
Figure E: Output Voltage Trim Graph
(which should still be connected to the output return, either
remotely or locally). The value of the trim resistor should be chosen according to the following equation or from Figure E:
Rtrim = 100 x
[
Vnom
Vout – Vnom – 0.025
]
where:
Vnom = the converter’s nominal output voltage,
Vout = the desired output voltage (greater than Vnom), and
Rtrim is in Ohms.
As the output voltage is trimmed up, it produces a greater voltage
stress on the converter’s internal components and may cause the
converter to fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low
end of the input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and temperature range. Please consult the factory for
details. Factory trimmed converters are available by request.
+VIN
ENA 2
IN RTN
SHARE
CASE
+ SNS
ENA 1
– SNS
SYNC OUT
SYNC IN
OUT RTN
+VOUT
12
11
10
9
Rtrim
–
8
Load
7
+
Figure D: Typical connection for output voltage trimming.
Product # MQFL-28-09S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 11
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
INPUT UNDER-VOLTAGE LOCKOUT: The MQFL converter
has an under-voltage lockout feature that ensures the converter
will be off if the input voltage is too low. The threshold of input
voltage at which the converter will turn on is higher that the
threshold at which it will turn off. In addition, the MQFL converter
will not respond to a state of the input voltage unless it has
remained in that state for more than about 200µs. This hysteresis
and the delay ensure proper operation when the source impedance is high or in a noisy environment.
INPUT OVER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQFL converter
also has an over-voltage feature that ensures the converter will be
off if the input voltage is too high. It also has a hysteresis and
time delay to ensure proper operation.
BACK-DRIVE CURRENT LIMIT: Converters that use MOSFETs
as synchronous rectifiers are capable of drawing a negative current from the load if the load is a source of short- or long-term
energy. This negative current is referred to as a “back-drive current”.
Conditions where back-drive current might occur include paralleled converters that do not employ current sharing, or where the
current share feature does not adequately ensure sharing during
the startup or shutdown transitions. It can also occur when converters having different output voltages are connected together
through either explicit or parasitic diodes that, while normally off,
become conductive during startup or shutdown. Finally, some
loads, such as motors, can return energy to their power rail.
Even a load capacitor is a source of back-drive energy for some
period of time during a shutdown transient.
To avoid any problems that might arise due to back-drive current,
the MQFL converters limit the negative current that the converter
can draw from its output terminals. The threshold for this backdrive current limit is placed sufficiently below zero so that the
converter may operate properly down to zero load, but its
absolute value (see the Electrical Characteristics page) is small
compared to the converter’s rated output current.
The Mil-HDBK-1547A component derating guideline calls for a
maximum component temperature of 105ºC. Figure 5 therefore
has one power derating curve that ensures this limit is maintained. It has been SynQor’s extensive experience that reliable
long-term converter operation can be achieved with a maximum
component temperature of 125ºC. In extreme cases, a maximum
temperature of 145ºC is permissible, but not recommended for
long-term operation where high reliability is required. Derating
curves for these higher temperature limits are also included in
Figure 5. The maximum case temperature at which the converter should be operated is 135ºC.
When the converter is mounted on a metal plate, the plate will
help to make the converter’s case bottom a uniform temperature.
How well it does so depends on the thickness of the plate and on
the thermal conductance of the interface layer (e.g. thermal
grease, thermal pad, etc.) between the case and the plate.
Unless this is done very well, it is important not to mistake the
plate’s temperature for the maximum case temperature. It is easy
for them to be as much as 5-10ºC different at full power and at
high temperatures. It is suggested that a thermocouple be
attached directly to the converter’s case through a small hole in
the plate when investigating how hot the converter is getting.
Care must also be made to ensure that there is not a large thermal resistance between the thermocouple and the case due to
whatever adhesive might be used to hold the thermocouple in
place.
INPUT SYSTEM INSTABILITY: This condition can occur
because any DC/DC converter appears incrementally as a
negative resistance load. A detailed application note titled
“Input System Instability” is available on the SynQor website
which provides an understanding of why this instability arises,
and shows the preferred solution for correcting it.
THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS: Figure 5 shows the suggested
Power Derating Curves for this converter as a function of the case
temperature and the maximum desired power MOSFET junction
temperature. All other components within the converter are cooler than its hottest MOSFET, which at full power is no more than
20ºC higher than the case temperature directly below this MOSFET.
Product # MQFL-28-09S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 12
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS SCREENING OPTIONS
Consistent with
MIL-STD-883F
B-Grade
C-Grade
ES-Grade
HB-Grade
(-40oC to +85oC)
(-40oC to +100oC)
(-55oC to +125oC)
(-55oC to +125oC)
(Element Evaluation)
(Element Evaluation)
Internal Visual
*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Temperature Cycle
Method 1010
No
No
Condition B
(-55oC to +125oC)
Condition C
(-65oC to +150oC)
Constant
Acceleration
Method 2001
(Y1 Direction)
No
No
500g
Condition A
(5000g)
12 Hrs @ +100oC
24 Hrs @ +125oC
96 Hrs @ +125oC
160 Hrs @ +125oC
+25oC
+25oC
-45, +25, +100oC
-55, +25, +125oC
Anodized Package
Full QorSeal
Full QorSeal
Full QorSeal
*
*
Yes
Yes
Ruggedized
QorSeal
QorSeal
QorSeal
Screening
Method 1015
Load Cycled
Burn-in
Final Electrical Test
•10s period
•2s @ 100% Load
•8s @ 0% Load
Method 5005
(Group A)
Mechanical Seal,
Thermal, and
Coating Process
External Visual
2009
Construction
Process
* Per IPC-A-610 (Rev. D) Class 3
MilQor converters and filters are offered in four variations of construction technique and environmental stress screening options. The
three highest grades, C, ES, and HB, all use SynQor’s proprietary QorSeal™ Hi-Rel assembly process that includes a Parylene-C coating of the circuit, a high performance thermal compound filler, and a nickel barrier gold plated aluminum case. The B-grade version
uses a ruggedized assembly process that includes a medium performance thermal compound filler and a black anodized aluminum
case†. Each successively higher grade has more stringent mechanical and electrical testing, as well as a longer burn-in cycle. The ESand HB-Grades are also constructed of components that have been procured through an element evaluation process that pre-qualifies
each new batch of devices.
† Note: Since the surface of the black anodized case is not guaranteed to be electrically conductive, a star washer or similar device
should be used to cut through the surface oxide if electrical connection to the case is desired.
Product # MQFL-28-09S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 13
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
MQFL-28-09S-X-HB
DC/DC CONVERTER
28Vin 9.0Vout @ 13A
PACKAGE PINOUTS
Pin #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
MQFL-28-09S-Y-HB
DC/DC CONVERTER
28Vin 9.0Vout @ 13A
Function
POSITIVE INPUT
INPUT RETURN
CASE
ENABLE 1
SYNC OUTPUT
SYNC INPUT
POSITIVE OUTPUT
OUTPUT RETURN
- SENSE
+ SENSE
SHARE
ENABLE 2
NOTES
1) Case: Aluminum with gold over nickel plate finish for the C-, ES-, and HBGrade products.
Aluminum with black anodized finish
for the B-Grade products.
2) Pins: Diameter: 0.040” (1.02mm)
Material: Copper
Finish: Gold over Nickel plate
3) All dimensions as inches (mm)
4) Tolerances: a) x.xx +0.02”
(x.x +0.5mm)
b) x.xxx +0.010”
(x.xx +0.25mm)
5) Weight: 2.8 oz. (79 g) typical
6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPCA-610C Class III
Product # MQFL-28-09S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 14
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
MilQor MQFL FAMILY MATRIX
The tables below show the array of MQFL converters available. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use
the complete part number according to the table in the last page. Contact the factory for other requirements.
Single Output Converters
1.5V
1.8V
2.5V
3.3V
5V
6V
7.5V
9V
(1R5S)
(1R8S)
(2R5S)
(3R3S)
(05S)
(06S)
(7R5S)
(09S)
12V 15V
28V
(12S)
(15S)
(28S)
40A
40A
40A
30A
24A 20A
16A
13A 10A
8A
4A
40A
40A
40A
30A
24A 20A
16A
13A 10A
8A
4A
40A
40A
40A
30A
20A 17A
13A
11A
8A
6.5
3.3A
40A
40A
40A
30A
20A 17A
13A
11A
8A
6.5
3.3A
40A
40A
40A
30A
24A 20A
16A
13A 10A
8A
4A
40A
40A
40A
30A
20A 17A
13A
11A
8A
6.5
3.3A
40A
40A
30A
22A
15A 12A
10A
8A
6A
5A
2.7A
MQFLMQFL-28
1616-40Vin Cont.
1616-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
MQFLMQFL-28E
1616-70Vin Cont.
1616-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin =100V
MQFLMQFL-28V
1616-40Vin Cont.
5.55.5-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
MQFLMQFL-28VE
1616-70Vin Cont.
5.55.5-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 100V
MQFLMQFL-270
155155-400Vin Cont.
155155-475Vin 0.1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 550V
MQFLMQFL-270E
130130-475Vin Cont.
130130-520Vin 0.1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 600V
MQFLMQFL-270L
6565-350Vin Cont.
6565-475Vin 0.1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 550V
Dual Output Converters†
MQFLMQFL-28
±5V
±12V
±15V
3.3V/±12V
3.3V/±15V
5V/±12V
(05D)
(12D)
(15D)
(3R312T)
(3R315T)
(0512T)
(0515T)
(3015T)
22A/
±1A
22A/
±0.8A
15A/
±1A
15A/
±0.8A
2.5A/
±0.8A
22A/
±1A
22A/
±0.8A
15A/
±1A
15A/
±0.8A
2.5A/
±0.8A
22A/
±1A
22A/
±0.8A
15A/
±1A
15A/
±0.8A
2.5A/
±0.8A
22A/
±1A
22A/
±0.8A
15A/
±1A
15A/
±0.8A
2.5A/
±0.8A
22A/
±1A
22A/
±0.8A
15A/
±1A
15A/
±0.8A
2.5A/
±0.8A
22A/
±1A
22A/
±0.8A
15A/
±1A
15A/
±0.8A
2.5A/
±0.8A
22A/
±1A
22A/
±0.8A
15A/
±1A
15A/
±0.8A
2.5A/
±0.8A
20A
10A
8A
Total Total Total
1616-40Vin Cont.
1616-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
MQFLMQFL-28E
1616-70Vin Cont.
1616-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin =100V
MQFLMQFL-28V
20A
10A
8A
Total Total Total
20A
8A
6.5A
Total Total Total
1616-40Vin Cont.
5.55.5-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
MQFLMQFL-28VE
1616-70Vin Cont.
5.55.5-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 100V
MQFLMQFL-270
155155-400Vin Cont.
155155-475Vin 0.1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 550V
MQFLMQFL-270E
130130-475Vin Cont.
130130-520Vin 0.1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 600V
MQFLMQFL-270L
6565-350Vin Cont.
6565-475Vin 0.1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 550V
Triple Output Converters
20A
8A
6.5A
Total Total Total
20A
10A
8A
Total Total Total
20A
8A
6.5A
Total Total Total
15A
6A
5A
Total Total Total
MQFLMQFL-28
1616-40Vin Cont.
1616-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
MQFLMQFL-28E
1616-70Vin Cont.
1616-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin =100V
MQFLMQFL-28V
1616-40Vin Cont.
5.55.5-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
MQFLMQFL-28VE
1616-70Vin Cont.
5.55.5-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 100V
MQFLMQFL-270
155155-400Vin Cont.
155155-475Vin 0.1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 550V
MQFLMQFL-270E
130130-475Vin Cont.
130130-520Vin 0.1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 600V
MQFLMQFL-270L
6565-350Vin Cont.
6565-475Vin 0.1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 550V
(75Wmax Total Output Power)
*Converters may be operated continuously at the highest transient input voltage, but some
component electrical and thermal stresses would be beyond MIL-HDBK-1547A guidelines.
Product # MQFL-28-09S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
5V/±15V 30V/±15V
†80% of total output current available on
any one output.
Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 15
MQFL-28-09S
Output: 9.0 V
Current: 13 A
Technical Specification
PART NUMBERING SYSTEM
The part numbering system for SynQor’s MilQor DC/DC converters follows the format shown in the table below.
Model
Name
Input
Voltage
Range
28
28E
28V
28VE
MQFL
270
270E
270L
Output Voltage(s)
Single
Output
Dual
Output
Triple
Output
1R5S
1R8S
2R5S
3R3S
05S
06S
7R5S
09S
12S
15S
28S
05D
12D
15D
3R312T
3R315T
0512T
0515T
3015T
Example:
Package Outline/
Pin Configuration
Screening
Grade
X
Y
W
Z
B
C
ES
HB
MQFL – 28VE – 09S – Y – ES
APPLICATION NOTES
A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from the SynQor website.
PATENTS (additional patent applications may be filed)
SynQor holds the following patents, one or more of which might apply to this product:
5,999,417
6,594,159
6,927,987
6,222,742
6,731,520
7,050,309
6,545,890
6,894,468
7,072,190
6,577,109
6,896,526
7,085,146
Contact SynQor for further information:
Phone:
Toll Free:
Fax:
E-mail:
Web:
Address:
Product # MQFL-28-09S
978-849-0600
888-567-9596
978-849-0602
[email protected]
www.synqor.com
155 Swanson Road
Boxborough, MA 01719
USA
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Warranty
SynQor offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty
information is listed on our website or is available upon request from
SynQor.
Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any
patent or patent rights of SynQor.
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-2MQ090S Rev. B
1/21/08
Page 16
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