MIL-COTS MT036 SERIES VTM TM Current Multiplier Features Size: 1.91 x 1.09 x 0.37 in 48,6 x 27,7 x 9,5 mm • -55°C to 100°C baseplate operation • 3 MHz effective switching frequency • Isolated 1 to 50 Vout • Low weight – 1.10 oz (31.3 g) • High density • 1 µs transient response • Small footprint • Up to 96.5% efficiency • ZVS / ZCS Sine Amplitude Converter Product Overview The VI BRICK VTM Current Multiplier provides extremely fast, efficient, and quiet fixed ratio voltage division (or current multiplication). With twelve voltage division ratios from 1:1 to 1:32, the isolated VI BRICK VTM provides the user with the flexibility to supply up to 100 A or 120 W at any output voltage from 1 to 50 Vdc in a package occupying ~ 2 square inches. The Military COTS VI BRICK VTMs are optimized for use with the Military Pre-Regulator Module to implement a Factorized Power Architecture (FPA). Together, the PRMTM + VTM set provides the full functionality of a DC-DC converter, but with breakthrough performance and flexibility in a rugged, miniature package. The companion VI BRICK PRM for the MT036 family of VI BRICK VTMs is the 28 Vdc input MR028A036M012FP, which operates from an input range of 16-50 Vdc (the data sheet is available at vicorpower.com). The VTM can also be used as a standalone POL product. By factorizing the DC-DC power conversion into its essential elements – isolation and transformation on the one hand, and the output voltage control and regulation on the other – and arranging those functions in a sequence that maximizes system performance, FPA offers a fundamentally new and significantly improved approach to power conversion. The VI BRICK VTM’s fast dynamic response and low noise eliminate the need for bulk capacitance at the load, substantially increasing the POL density while improving reliability and decreasing cost. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter +In to -In +In to -In PC to -In VC to -In +Out to -Out Isolation voltage Output current Peak output current Output power Peak output power Operating temperature Storage temperature Values -1.0 to 60 100 -0.3 to 7.0 -0.3 to 19.0 Model specific 2,250 Model specific 1.5 • Iout 120 180 -55 to +100 -65 to +125 Unit Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc A A W W °C °C Notes For 100 ms Input to output Continuous For 1 ms Continuous For 1 ms M-Grade; baseplate M-Grade Note: Stresses in excess of the maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. Operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the specification. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings can adversely affect device reliability. Voltage Transformation Module MT036 SERIES vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 1 of 11 SPECIFICATIONS PART NUMBERING MT 036 A 120 M Voltage Transformation Module Input Voltage Designator Package Size Output Voltage Designator (=VOUT x10) 010 Operating M= P Baseplate Pin Style Output Current Designator (=IOUT) Product Grade Temperatures (°C) Grade F Storage F = Slotted flange T = Transverse heat sink[a] -55 to +100 -65 to +125 [a] Contact Input Specifications P = Through hole factory (Conditions are at 36 Vin, full load, and 25°C baseplate unless otherwise specified) Parameter Input voltage range Min Typ Max 26 36 Input dV/dt Input overvoltage turn-on 50.5 Parameter 1.5 Operable down to zero V with VC voltage applied V/µs Vdc 57.5 Vdc 3.5 Adc 3.0 6.0 W Min Typ Continuous Low line to high line Unit Note See Table 1 Vdc No load K•VIN – lO•ROUT NOM Vdc Full load 100 Adc 26 – 50 VIN See Table 1, Page 5 150% IMAX(A) Max pulse width 1ms, max duty cycle 10%, baseline power 50% INOM(A) Module will shut down when current limit is reached or exceeded 0 Peak repetitive current DC current limit Short circuit protection set point Vdc 1 (Conditions are at 36 Vin, full load, and 25°C baseplate unless otherwise specified) Output voltage Rated DC current 50 55.5 Input current Output Specifications Notes 54.5 Input overvoltage turn-off No load power dissipation Unit Max 160% 47.4 Current share accuracy Adc 5 10 % Efficiency Module will shut down See Parallel Operation on Page 8 See Table 2, Page 5 Load capacitance See Table 2 when used with PRM Output overvoltage setpoint 110% 115% VOUT MAX 250 mV See Figures 2 and 5 20 mV See Figure 6 3.6 MHz Model dependent Output ripple voltage (Typ) No external bypass 10 µF bypass capacitor Effective switching frequency 50 2 2.5 3.0 Line regulation 0.99K K Load regulation ROUTMIN 101K ROUTMAX VOUT = K•VIN at no load, See Table 1 mΩ See Table 1 Transient response Response time 200 ns See Figures 7 and 8 Recovery time 1 µs See Figures 7 and 8 Voltage Transformation Module MT036 SERIES vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 2 of 11 SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.) TYPICAL WAVEFORMS & PLOTS Ripple vs. Output Current Output Ripple (mVpk-pk) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Output Current (A) Figure 1 — Representative input reflected ripple current at full load Figure 2 — Sample output voltage ripple vs. output current with no POL (MT036A120M010FP) bypass capacitance. (MT036A120M010FP) Efficiency vs. Output Current Power Dissipation 96 Power Dissipation (W) 6 Efficiency (%) 94 92 90 88 86 5.5 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 84 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Output Current (A) Output Current (A) Figure 3 — Representative efficiency vs. output current. (MT036A120M010FP) Figure 4 — Example power dissipation vs. output current. (MT036A120M010FP) Figure 5 — Sample output voltage ripple at full load; with no POL bypass Figure 6 — Sample output voltage ripple at full load with 4.7 µF ceramic POL capacitance. (MT036A120M010FP) bypass capacitance and 20 nH distribution inductance. (MT036A120M010FP) Voltage Transformation Module MT036 SERIES vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 3 of 11 SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.) TYPICAL WAVEFORMS Figure 7 — Example load step with 100 µF input capacitance and no output Figure 8 — Example load step with 100 µF input capacitance and no output capacitance. (MT036A120M010FP) capacitance. (MT036A120M010FP) Voltage Transformation Module MT036 SERIES vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 4 of 11 SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.) Military Cots VTM Family Part Numbers and Ranges K-Factor Rated Output Current (A) MT036A011M100FP 1/32 100 MT036A015M080FP 1/24 MT036A022M055FP 1/16 MT036A030M040FP 1/12 Part Number No Load Output Voltage (Vdc) Rout (mΩ) @26 Vin @ 50 Vin Min Nom Max 0.82 1.55 0.5 0.85 1.3 80 1.1 2.0 1.0 1.25 1.5 55 1.63 3.1 1.4 1.75 2.0 40 2.2 4.1 1.45 2.4 3.4 MT036A045M027FP 1/8 27 3.3 6.2 3.5 5.1 6.6 MT036A060M020FP 1/6 20 4.3 8.3 5.0 8.0 10 MT036A072M017FP 1/5 16.6 6.4[a] 10 6.0 9.6 12 MT036A090M013FP 1/4 13.3 6.5 12.5 6.9 9.3 11.6 MT036A120M010FP 1/3 10.0 8.7 16.6 25 31 35 MT036A180M007FP 1/2 6.7 13 25 27.5 35.7 46.4 MT036A240M005FP 2/3 5.0 17.4 33 49.3 70.6 91.8 MT036A360M003FP 1 3.3 26 50 140 170 200 Table 1 — VTM part numbers [a] Low line input voltage 32 V Part Number Typical Full Load Efficiency at nom Vout (%) Typical Half Load Efficiency at nom Vout (%) Maximum Load Capacitance (µF) MT036A011M100FP 89.5 91.5 48128 MT036A015M080FP 92 94 27072 MT036A022M055FP 94 94.5 12032 MT036A030M040FP 94 95.0 6768 MT036A045M027FP 95.3 96.5 3008 MT036A060M020FP 95.3 96.8 1692 MT036A072M017FP 96.5 96.5 1175 MT036A090M013FP 96.3 95.5 752 MT036A120M010FP 95.5 95.5 423 MT036A180M007FP 96.0 95.2 188 MT036A240M005FP 95.0 94.8 106 MT036A360M003FP 96 96 47 Table 2 — Typical efficiency and maximum load capacitance, by part number Control Pin Functions VC – VTM Control PC – Primary Control The VC port is multiplexed. It receives the initial VCC voltage from an upstream PRM, synchronizing the output rise of the VTM with the output rise of the PRM. Additionally, the VC port provides feedback to the PRM to compensate for the VTM output resistance. In typical applications using VTMs powered from PRMs, the PRM’s VC port should be connected to the VTM VC port. The Primary Control (PC) port is a multifunction port for controlling the VTM as follows: In applications where a VTM is being used without a PRM, 14 V must be supplied to the VC port for as long as the input voltage is below 26 V and for 10 ms after the input voltage has reached or exceeded 26 V. The VTM is not designed for extended operation below 26 V. The VC port should only be used to provide VCC voltage to the VTM during startup. Voltage Transformation Module MT036 SERIES vicorpower.com Disable – If PC is left floating, the VTM output is enabled. To disable the output, the PC port must be pulled lower than 2.4 V, referenced to -In. Optocouplers, open collector transistors or relays can be used to control the PC port. Once disabled, 14 V must be re-applied to the VC port to restart the VTM. Primary Auxiliary Supply – The PC port can source up to 2.4 mA at 5 Vdc. Rev. 1.0 Page 5 of 11 SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.) General Specifications Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Notes Hours 25°C, GB MTBF (MT036A120M010FP) MIL-HDBK-217F 5,046,701 908,153 50°C NS 711,584 65°C AIC Isolation specifications Voltage 2,250 Capacitance 3,000 Resistance 10 Agency approvals Vdc Input to output pF Input to output MΩ Input to output cTÜVus UL /CSA 60950-1, EN 60950-1 CE Mark Low voltage directive Mechanical See Mechanical Drawings, Figures 15, 16 Weight 1.10/31.3 oz /g Length 1.91/48,6 in / mm Width 1.09/27,7 in / mm Baseplate model Height 0.37/9,5 in / mm Baseplate model Dimensions Baseplate model Thermal Over temperature shutdown 125 130 135 °C Thermal capacity 23.8 Ws /°C Baseplate-to-ambient 7.7 °C / W Baseplate-to-ambient; 1000 LFM 2.9 °C / W Baseplate-to-sink; flat, greased surface 0.40 °C / W Baseplate-to-sink; thermal pad 0.36 °C / W Junction temperature Auxiliary Pins Parameter Min Typ Max 5.2 Unit Notes Primary Control (PC) DC voltage 4.8 5.0 Module disable voltage 2.4 2.5 Module enable voltage Current limit 2.4 Disable delay time Vdc Vdc VC voltage must be applied when module is enabled using PC 2.5 2.6 Vdc 2.5 2.9 mA Source only µs PC low to Vout low 10 VTM Control (VC) External boost voltage 12 External boost duration Voltage Transformation Module 6 19 10 MT036 SERIES vicorpower.com Vdc Required for VTM start up without PRM ms Vin > 26 Vdc. VC must be applied continuously if Vin < 26 Vdc. Rev. 1.0 Page 6 of 11 PIN / CONTROL FUNCTIONS +In / -In DC Voltage Ports The VTM input should not exceed the maximum specified. Be aware of this limit in applications where the VTM is being driven above its nominal output voltage. If less than 26 Vdc is present at the +In and -In ports, a continuous VC voltage must be applied for the VTM to process power. Otherwise VC voltage need only be applied for 10 ms after the voltage at the +In and -In ports has reached or exceeded 26 Vdc. If the input voltage exceeds the overvoltage turn-off, the VTM will shutdown. The VTM does not have internal input reverse polarity protection. Adding a properly sized diode in series with the positive input or a fused reverse-shunt diode will provide reverse polarity protection. TM – For Factory Use Only VC – VTM Control The VC port is multiplexed. It receives the initial VCC voltage from an upstream PRM, synchronizing the output rise of the VTM with the output rise of the PRM. Additionally, the VC port provides feedback to the PRM to compensate for the VTM output resistance. In typical applications using VTMs powered from PRMs, the PRM’s VC port should be connected to the VTM VC port. Figure 9 — VI BRICK VTM pin configuration (viewed from pin side) In applications where a VTM is being used without a PRM, 14 V must be supplied to the VC port for as long as the input voltage is below 26 V and for 10 ms after the input voltage has reached or exceeded 26 V. The VTM is not designed for extended operation below 26 V. The VC port should only be used to provide VCC voltage to the VTM during startup. PC – Primary Control The Primary Control (PC) port is a multifunction port for controlling the VTM as follows: Disable – If PC is left floating, the VTM output is enabled. To disable the output, the PC port must be pulled lower than 2.4 V, referenced to -In. Optocouplers, open collector transistors or relays can be used to control the PC port. Once disabled, 14 V must be re-applied to the VC port to restart the VTM. Primary Auxiliary Supply – The PC port can source up to 2.4 mA at 5 Vdc. +Out / -Out DC Voltage Output Ports The output and output return are through two sets of contact locations. The respective +Out and –Out groups must be connected in parallel with as low an interconnect resistance as possible. To take full advantage of the VTM, the user should note the low output impedance of the device. The low output impedance provides fast transient response without the need for bulk POL capacitance. Limited-life electrolytic capacitors required with conventional converters can be reduced or even eliminated, saving cost and valuable board real estate. Voltage Transformation Module MT036 SERIES vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 7 of 11 APPLICATION NOTES & TEST CIRCUIT Parallel Operation In applications requiring higher current or redundancy, VTMs can be operated in parallel without adding control circuitry or signal lines. To maximize current sharing accuracy, it is imperative that the source and load impedance on each VTM in a parallel array be equal. If VTMs are being fed by an upstream PRM, the VC nodes of all VTMs must be connected to the PRM VC. To achieve matched impedances, dedicated power planes within the PC board should be used for the output and output return paths to the array of paralleled VTMs. This technique is preferable to using traces of varying size and length. The VTM power train and control architecture allow bi-directional power transfer when the VTM is operating within its specified ranges. Bi-directional power processing improves transient response in the event of an output load dump. The VTM may operate in reverse, returning output power back to the input source. It does so efficiently. Anomalies in the response of the source will appear at the output of the VTM, multiplied by its K factor of 1/8 . The DC resistance of the source should be kept as low as possible to minimize voltage deviations on the input to the VTM. If the VTM is going to be operating close to the high limit of its input range, make sure input voltage deviations will not trigger the input overvoltage turn-off threshold. Input Fuse Recommendations VI BRICKs are not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems. However, input line fusing of VI BRICKs must always be incorporated within the power system. A fast acting fuse is required to meet safety agency Conditions of Acceptability. The input line fuse should be placed in series with the +In port. For agency approvals and fusing conditions, click on the link below: http://www.vicorpower.com/technical_library/technical_documentation/quality_ and_certification/safety_approvals/ Input Impedance Recommendations To take full advantage of the VTM’s capabilities, the impedance of the source (input source plus the PC board impedance) must be low over a range from DC to 5 MHz. The input of the VTM (factorized bus) should be locally bypassed with a 8 µF low Q aluminum electrolytic capacitor. Additional input capacitance may be added to improve transient performance or compensate for high source impedance. The VTM has extremely wide bandwidth so the source response to transients is usually the limiting factor in overall output response of the VTM. Application Notes For VTM and VI BRICK application notes on soldering, thermal management, board layout, and system design click on the link below: http://www.vicorpower.com/technical_library/application_information/ Input reflected ripple measurement point 7 A[a] Fuse F1 C1 47 µF Al electrolytic +IN C2 0.47 μF ceramic TM VC PC 14 V + – -IN + +OUT -OUT R3 10 mΩ +OUT C3 10 µF VTM Load -OUT – Notes: 1. C3 should be placed close to the load 2. R3 may be ESR of C3 or a separate damping resistor. [a] See Input Fuse Recommendations section Figure 10 — VI BRICK VTM test circuit Voltage Transformation Module MT036 SERIES vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 8 of 11 APPLICATION NOTES (CONT.) In figures below; K = VTM transformation ratio RO = VTM output resistance Vf = PRM output (Factorized Bus Voltage) VO = VTM output VL = Desired load voltage FPA ADAPTIVE LOOP Vo = VL ± 1.0% VC PC TM IL NC PR +IN PRM-AL VH SC SG OS NC CD ROS RCD +OUT Vin -IN Factorized Bus (Vf) -OUT VL (Io•Ro) Vf = + K K +IN +OUT -OUT TM VC PC -IN VTM +OUT -OUT L O A D Figure 11 — The PRM controls the factorized bus voltage, Vf, in proportion to output current to compensate for the output resistance, Ro, of the VTM. The VTM output voltage is typically within 1% of the desired load voltage (VL) over all line and load conditions. Voltage Transformation Module MT036 SERIES vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 9 of 11 MECHANICAL DRAWINGS Baseplate - Slotted Flange Heat Sink (Transverse) Figure 15 — Module outline Recommended PCB Pattern (Component side shown) Figure 16 — PCB mounting specifications Voltage Transformation Module MT036 SERIES vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 Page 10 of 11 Warranty Vicor products are guaranteed for two years from date of shipment against defects in material or workmanship when in normal use and service. This warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application or maintenance. Vicor shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. This warranty is extended to the original purchaser only. EXCEPT FOR THE FOREGOING EXPRESS WARRANTY, VICOR MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgement. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. Information published by Vicor has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate; however, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. Vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products without further notice to improve reliability, function, or design. Vicor does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Vicor general policy does not recommend the use of its components in life support applications wherein a failure or malfunction may directly threaten life or injury. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all damages. Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom power systems. Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor components are not designed to be used in applications, such as life support systems, wherein a failure or malfunction could result in injury or death. All sales are subject to Vicor’s Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available upon request. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Intellectual Property Notice Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department. The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers: 5,945,130; 6,403,009; 6,710,257; 6,911,848; 6,930,893; 6,934,166; 6,940,013; 6,969,909; 7,038,917; 7,145,186; 7,166,898; 7,187,263; 7,202,646; 7,361,844; D496,906; D505,114; D506,438; D509,472; and for use under U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,975,098 and 6,984,965. Vicor Corporation 25 Frontage Road Andover, MA, USA 01810 Tel: 800-735-6200 Fax: 978-475-6715 email Customer Service: [email protected] Technical Support: [email protected] Voltage Transformation Module MT036 SERIES vicorpower.com Rev. 1.0 3/08