Sample & Buy Product Folder Support & Community Tools & Software Technical Documents Reference Design OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 OPAx134 SoundPlus™ High Performance Audio Operational Amplifiers 1 Features 3 Description • • • • • The OPA134 series are ultra-low distortion, low-noise operational amplifiers fully specified for audio applications. A true FET input stage is incorporated to provide superior sound quality and speed for exceptional audio performance. This, in combination with high output drive capability and excellent DC performance, allows for use in a wide variety of demanding applications. In addition, the OPA134 has a wide output swing, to within 1 V of the rails, allowing increased headroom and making it ideal for use in any audio circuit. 1 • • • Superior Sound Quality Ultra Low Distortion: 0.00008% Low Noise: 8 nV/√Hz True FET-Input: IB = 5pA High Speed: – Slew Rate: 20 V/µs – Bandwidth: 8 MHz High Open-Loop Gain: 120 dB (600 Ω) Wide Supply Range: ±2.5 V to ±18 V Single, Dual, and Quad Versions The OPA134 SoundPlus™ audio operational amplifiers are easy to use and free from phaseinversion and the overload problems often found in common FET-input operational amplifiers. They can be operated from ±2.5-V to ±18-V power supplies. Input cascode circuitry provides excellent commonmode rejection and maintains low input bias current over its wide input voltage range, minimizing distortion. OPA134 series operational amplifiers are unity-gain stable and provide excellent dynamic behavior over a wide range of load conditions, including high load capacitance. The dual and quad versions feature completely independent circuitry for lowest crosstalk and freedom from interaction, even when overdriven or overloaded. 2 Applications • • • • • • • • Professional Audio and Music Line Drivers Line Receivers Multimedia Audio Active Filters Preamplifiers Integrators Crossover Networks THD+Noise vs Frequency Single and dual versions are available in 8-pin DIP and SO-8 surface-mount packages in standard configurations. The quad is available in 14-pin DIP and SO-14 surface mount packages. All are specified for –40°C to 85°C operation. A SPICE macromodel is available for design analysis. 0.01 THD+Noise (%) VO = 10Vrms RL = 2kW 0.001 VS = ±16 Device Information(1) 0.0001 PART NUMBER VS = ±17 OPA134 VS = ±18 0.00001 20 100 1k Frequency (Hz) 10k 20k OPA2134 OPA4134 PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM) SOIC (8) 3.91 mm × 4.90 mm PDIP (8) 6.35 mm × 9.81 mm SOIC (8) 3.91 mm × 4.90 mm PDIP (8) 6.35 mm × 9.81 mm SOIC (14) 3.91 mm × 8.65 mm (1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at the end of the data sheet. 1 An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA. OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 www.ti.com Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Features .................................................................. Applications ........................................................... Description ............................................................. Revision History..................................................... Pin Configuration and Functions ......................... Specifications......................................................... 1 1 1 2 3 4 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 4 4 4 5 7 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... ESD Ratings.............................................................. Recommended Operating Conditions....................... Electrical Characteristics........................................... Typical Characteristics .............................................. Detailed Description ............................................ 12 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Overview ................................................................. Functional Block Diagram ....................................... Feature Description................................................. Device Functional Modes........................................ 12 12 12 14 8 Application and Implementation ........................ 15 8.1 Application Information............................................ 15 8.2 Typical Application ................................................. 16 9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 18 10 Layout................................................................... 18 10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 18 10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 19 11 Device and Documentation Support ................. 20 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 Device Support .................................................... Documentation Support ....................................... Related Links ........................................................ Community Resources.......................................... Trademarks ........................................................... Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................ Glossary ................................................................ 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information ........................................................... 21 4 Revision History NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version. Changes from Original (September 2000) to Revision A • 2 Page Added ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section. ................................................................................................. 1 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 www.ti.com SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 5 Pin Configuration and Functions OPA134: P and D Packages 8-Pin PDIP and 8-Pin SOIC Top View OPA2134: P and D Packages 8-Pin PDIP and 8-Pin SOIC Top View Offset Trim 1 8 Offset Trim –In 2 7 V+ +In 3 6 Output V– 4 5 NC Out A –In A 1 A 2 +In A 3 V– 4 B 8 V+ 7 Out B 6 –In B 5 +In B OPA4134: P and D Packages 14-Pin PDIP and 14-Pin SOIC Top View Out A 1 14 Out D –In A 2 13 –In D +In A 3 12 +In D V+ 4 11 V– +In B 5 10 +In C A B D C –In B 6 9 –In C Out B 7 8 Out C Pin Functions: OPA134 PIN NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION Offset Trim 1 I Input offset voltage adjust –In 2 I Inverting input +In 3 I Noninverting input V– 4 — Negative power supply NC 5 — No internal connection. Can be left floating. Output 6 O Output V+ 7 — Positive power supply Offset Trim 8 I Input offset voltage adjust Pin Functions: OPA2134 and OPA4134 PIN NAME OPA2134 NO. OPA4134 NO. I/O DESCRIPTION Out A 1 1 O Output channel A –In A 2 2 I Inverting input channel A +In A 3 3 I Noninverting input channel A V+ 8 4 — +In B 5 5 I Noninverting input channel B –In B 6 6 I Inverting input channel B Out B 7 7 O Output channel B Out C — 8 O Output channel C –In C — 9 I Inverting input channel C +In C — 10 I Noninverting input channel C Positive power supply Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 Submit Documentation Feedback 3 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 www.ti.com Pin Functions: OPA2134 and OPA4134 (continued) PIN OPA2134 NO. OPA4134 NO. I/O V– 4 11 — +In D — 12 I Noninverting input channel D –In D — 13 I Inverting input channel D Out D — 14 O Output channel D NAME DESCRIPTION Negative power supply 6 Specifications 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) MIN MAX UNIT 36 V (V–) –0.7 (V+) +0.7 V Supply voltage, V+ to V– Input voltage Output short circuit (2) Continuous Operating temperature Tstg (1) (2) 125 °C Junction temperature –40 150 °C Lead temperature (soldering, 10 s) 300 °C 125 °C Storage temperature –55 Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Short-circuit to ground, one amplifier per package. 6.2 ESD Ratings VALUE UNIT Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) ±2000 V Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) ±2000 Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22C101 (2) ±500 Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) ±2000 Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22C101 (2) ±200 OPA134 in PDIP and SOIC Package, OPA2134 and OPA4134 in PDIP Package V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge OPA2134 in SOIC Package V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge V OPA4134 in SOIC Package V(ESD) (1) (2) Electrostatic discharge V JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN NOM MAX ±15 ±18 V 85 °C VS Supply voltage, VS = (V+) – (V–) ±2.5 TA Specified temperature –40 4 Submit Documentation Feedback UNIT Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 www.ti.com SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 6.4 Electrical Characteristics At TA = +25°C, VS = ±15 V, unless otherwise noted PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT AUDIO PERFORMANCE RL = 2 kΩ 0.00008% RL = 600 Ω 0.00015% Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise G = 1, f = 1 kHz, VO = 3 Vrms Intermodulation Distortion G = 1, f = 1 kHz, VO = 1 Vp-p –98 dB THD < 0.01%, RL = 2 kΩ , VS = 18 V 23.6 dBu 8 MHz Headroom (1) FREQUENCY RESPONSE Gain-Bandwidth Product Slew Rate (2) ±15 Full Power Bandwidth Settling Time 0.1% G = 1, 10-V Step, CL = 100 pF Settling Time 0.01% G = 1, 10-V Step, CL = 100 pF Overload Recovery Time (VIN) × (Gain) = VS ±20 V/µs 1.3 MHz 0.7 µs 1 µs 0.5 µs 1.2 µVrms Noise Density, f = 1 kHz 8 nV/√Hz Current Noise Density, f = 1 kHz 3 fA/√Hz NOISE Input Voltage Noise Noise Voltage, f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz OFFSET VOLTAGE ±0.5 ±2 TA = –40°C to 85°C ±1 ±3 (3) Input Offset Voltage vs Temperature TA = –40°C to 85°C ±2 µV/°C Input Offset Voltage vs Power Supply (PSRR) VS = ±2.5 V to ±18 V 106 dB Input Offset Voltage Channel Seperation (Dual, Quad) 90 DC, RL = 2 kΩ 135 f = 20 kHz, RL = 2 kΩ 130 mV dB INPUT BIAS CURRENT Input Bias Current (4) VCM = 0 V 5 ±100 pA See Typical Characteristics ±5 nA ±2 ±50 pA (V–)+2.5 13 (V+)–2.5 V 86 100 Input Bias Current vs Temperature (3) Input Offset Current (4) VCM = 0 V INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE Common-Mode Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection VCM = –12.5 V to 12.5 V TA = –40°C to 85°C dB 90 INPUT IMPEDANCE Differential Common-Mode VCM = –12.5 V to 12.5 V 1013 || 2 Ω || pF 1013 || 5 Ω || pF OPEN-LOOP GAIN Open-Loop Voltage Gain (1) (2) (3) (4) RL = 10 kΩ , VO = –14.5 V to 13.8 V 104 120 RL = 2 kΩ , VO = –13.8 V to 13.5 V 104 120 RL = 600 Ω , VO = –12.8 V to 12.5 V 104 120 dB dBu = 20*log (Vrms/0.7746) where Vrms is the maximum output voltage for which THD+Noise is less than 0.01%. See THD+Noise text. Proposed by design. Proposed by wafer-level test to 95% confidence level. High-speed test at TJ = 25°C. Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 Submit Documentation Feedback 5 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 www.ti.com Electrical Characteristics (continued) At TA = +25°C, VS = ±15 V, unless otherwise noted PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT OUTPUT Voltage Output RL = 10 kΩ (V–)+0.5 (V+)–1.2 RL = 2 kΩ (V–)+1.2 (V+)–1.5 RL = 600 Ω (V–)+2.2 Output Current V (V+)–2.5 ±35 mA Output Impedance, Closed-Loop (5) f = 10 kHz 0.01 Ω Output Impedance, Open-Loop f = 10 kHz 10 Ω ±40 mA Short-Circuit Current Capacitive Lead Drive (Stable Operation) See Typical Characteristics POWER SUPPLY Specified Operating Voltage ±15 Operating Voltage Range Quiescent Current (per amplifier) ±2.5 IO = 0 V ±18 4 V 5 mA TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Range –40 85 °C Operating Range –55 125 °C (5) 6 See Figure 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 www.ti.com SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 6.5 Typical Characteristics At TA = 25°C, VS = 15 V, RL = 2 kΩ, unless otherwise noted. 5 0.1 RL 2kW 600W 1 0.1 IMD (%) THD+Noise (%) 0.01 G = +1 f = 1kHz RL = 2kW 0.001 G = +10 OPA134 OP176 0.010 OPA134 0.0001 Baseline G = +1 VO = 3Vrms 0.001 0.0005 30m 0.00001 10 100 1k 10k 100k 0.1 Frequency (Hz) Figure 1. Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise vs Frequency 1 VS = ±18V RL = 2kW f = 1kHz VO = 10Vrms RL = 2kW 0.001 THD+Noise (%) THD+Noise (%) 30 Figure 2. SMPTE Intermodulation Distortion vs Output Amplitude 0.01 VS = ±16 0.0001 VS = ±17 0.1 0.010 OPA134 100 OPA134 OP176 Baseline 0.0005 20 THD < 0.01% OPA134 – 11.7Vrms OP176 – 11.1Vrms 0.001 VS = ±18 0.00001 1k 10k 20k 0.1 10 1 Frequency (Hz) 20 Output Amplitude (Vrms) Figure 3. Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise vs Frequency Figure 4. Headroom – Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise vs Output Amplitude 1k 0.01 2nd Harmonic 3rd Harmonic Voltage Noise (nV/ÖHz) Amplitude (% of Fundamentals) 10 1 Output Amplitude (Vpp) 0.001 RL 0.0001 =6 RL 0.00001 = 00W 2kW OP176+ Resistor 100 10 OPA134+ Resistor 1 Resistor Noise Only VO = 1Vrms 0.000001 Vn (total) = Ö(inRS)2 + en2 + 4kTRS 0.1 20 100 1k 10k 20k 10 100 Figure 5. Harmonic Distortion + Noise vs Frequency 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M Source Resistance (W) Frequency (Hz) Figure 6. Voltage Noise vs Source Resistance Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 Submit Documentation Feedback 7 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 www.ti.com Typical Characteristics (continued) At TA = 25°C, VS = 15 V, RL = 2 kΩ, unless otherwise noted. 1k 100 Noise Voltage (mV) Current Noise (fA/ÖHz) Voltage Noise (nV/ÖHz) RS = 20W 100 Voltage Noise 10 10 Peak-to-Peak 1 RMS Current Noise 1 0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 1 10 100 Frequency (Hz) Figure 7. Input Voltage and Current Noise Spectral Density vs Frequency 160 –90 60 40 –135 Phase Shift (°) f 80 G 20 0 Closed-Loop Gain (dB) 40 –45 100 G = +100 30 20 G = +10 10 0 G = +1 –10 –180 –20 –20 0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 1k 10M 10k 100k 1M 10M Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Figure 10. Closed-Loop Gain vs Frequency Figure 9. Open-Loop Gain and Phase vs Frequency 120 160 RL = ∞ 100 –PSR Channel Separation (dB) PSR, CMR (dB) 100k 50 0 120 Voltage Gain (dB) 10k Figure 8. Input-Referred Noise Voltage vs Noise Bandwidth 140 80 60 40 +PSR CMR 20 0 140 120 Dual and quad devices. G = 1, all channels. Quad measured channel A to D or B to C—other combinations yield improved rejection. 100 RL = 2kW 80 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 100 1k Frequency (Hz) Figure 11. Power Supply and Common-Mode Rejection vs Frequency 8 1k Noise Bandwidth (Hz) Submit Documentation Feedback 10k 100k Frequency (Hz) Figure 12. Channel Separation vs Frequency Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 www.ti.com SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 Typical Characteristics (continued) At TA = 25°C, VS = 15 V, RL = 2 kΩ, unless otherwise noted. 30 10 Output Voltage (Vp-p) Closed-Loop Output Impedance (W) Maximum output voltage without slew-rate induced distortion VS = ±15V 20 10 VS = ±5V VS = ±2.5V 0 Note: Open-Loop Output Impedance at f = 10kHz is 10W 1 0.1 G = +100 0.01 G = +10 0.001 G = +2 G = +1 0.0001 10k 100k 1M 10M 10 100 1k Figure 13. Maximum Output Voltage vs Frequency 100k Figure 14. Closed-Loop Output Impedance vs Frequency 100k 10 High Speed Test Warmed Up 9 Input Bias Current (pA) 10k Input Bias Current (pA) 10k Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) 1k 100 Dual 10 1 Single High Speed Test 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0.1 –75 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 Ambient Temperature (°C) Common-Mode Voltage (V) Figure 15. Input Bias Current vs Temperature Figure 16. Input Bias Current vs Input Common-Mode Voltage 120 150 RL = 600W RL = 2kW CMR, PSR (dB) Open-Loop Gain (dB) 140 130 120 RL = 10kW 110 PSR 100 110 CMR 90 100 –75 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –75 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 Temperature (°C) Ambient Temperature (°C) Figure 17. Open-Loop Gain vs Temperature Figure 18. CMR, PSR vs Temperature Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 125 Submit Documentation Feedback 9 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 www.ti.com Typical Characteristics (continued) At TA = 25°C, VS = 15 V, RL = 2 kΩ, unless otherwise noted. 15 60 VIN = 15V 14 50 4.1 40 ±I SC 4.0 30 ±I Q 3.9 20 –55°C 13 Output Voltage Swing (V) 4.2 Short-Circuit Current (mA) Quiescent Current Per Amp (mA) 4.3 12 25°C 25°C 125°C 85°C 11 10 –10 85°C 125°C –11 –12 –55°C 25°C –13 –14 3.8 10 –75 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 VIN = –15V –15 0 125 10 20 Figure 19. Quiescent Current and Short-Circuit Current vs Temperature 40 50 60 Figure 20. Output Voltage Swing vs Output Current 12 18 14 12 10 8 6 4 Typical production distribution of packaged units. 10 Percent of Amplifiers (%) Typical production distribution of packaged units. 16 Percent of Amplifiers (%) 30 Output Current (mA) Ambient Temperature (°C) 8 6 4 2 2 12.5 10.5 11.5 8.5 9.5 6.5 7.5 4.5 Offset Voltage Drift (µV/°C) Figure 21. Offset Voltage Production Distribution Figure 22. Offset Voltage Drift Production Distribution 5V/div 50mV/div Offset Voltage (V) 200ns/div 1μs/div Figure 23. Small-Signal Step Response G = 1, CL = 100 pF 10 5.5 2.5 3.5 0.5 –2000 –1800 –1600 –1400 –1200 –1000 –800 –600 –400 –200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 1.5 0 0 Submit Documentation Feedback Figure 24. Large-Signal Step Response G = 1, CL = 100 pF Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 www.ti.com SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 Typical Characteristics (continued) At TA = 25°C, VS = 15 V, RL = 2 kΩ, unless otherwise noted. 100 60 0.01% 10 Overshoot (%) Settling Time (µs) 50 0.1% 1 G = +1 40 G = –1 30 20 G = ±10 10 0.1 ±1 ±10 ±100 ±1000 0 100pF Closed-Loop Gain (V/V) Figure 25. Settling Time vs Closed-Loop Gain 1nF 10nF Load Capacitance Figure 26. Small-Signal Overshoot vs Load Capacitance Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 Submit Documentation Feedback 11 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 www.ti.com 7 Detailed Description 7.1 Overview The OPA134 series are ultra-low distortion, low-noise operational amplifiers fully specified for audio applications. A true FET input stage is incorporated to provide superior sound quality and speed for exceptional audio performance. This, in combination with high output drive capability and excellent DC performance, allows for use in a wide variety of demanding applications. In addition, the OPA134 has a wide output swing, to within 1 V of the rails, allowing increased headroom and making it ideal for use in any audio circuit. 7.2 Functional Block Diagram Input Offset Adjust (OPA134 only) +IN -IN + ± Input Offset Adjust (OPA134 only) Output Compensation 7.3 Feature Description 7.3.1 Total Harmonic Distortion The OPA134 series of operational amplifiers have excellent distortion characteristics. THD+Noise is below 0.0004% throughout the audio frequency range, 20 Hz to 20 kHz, with a 2-kΩ load. In addition, distortion remains relatively flat through its wide output voltage swing range, providing increased headroom compared to other audio amplifiers, including the OP176/275. Headroom is a subjective measurement, and can be thought of as the maximum output amplitude allowed while still maintaining a low level of distortion. In an attempt to quantify headroom, TI defines very low distortion as 0.01%. Headroom is expressed as a ratio which compares the maximum allowable output voltage level to a standard output level (1 mW into 600 Ω, or 0.7746 Vrms). Therefore, OPA134 series of operational amplifiers, which have a maximum allowable output voltage level of 11.7 Vrms (THD+Noise < 0.01%), have a headroom specification of 23.6 dBu. See Figure 4. 7.3.2 Distortion Measurements The distortion produced by OPA134 series of operational amplifiers is below the measurement limit of all known commercially-available equipment. However, a special test circuit can extend the measurement capabilities. Operational amplifier distortion can be considered an internal error source which can be referred to the input. Figure 27 shows a circuit which causes the operational amplifier distortion to be 101 times greater than that which the operational amplifier normally produces. The addition of R3 to the otherwise standard non-inverting amplifier configuration alters the feedback factor or noise gain of the circuit. The closed-loop gain is unchanged, but the feedback available for error correction is reduced by a factor of 101, thus extending the resolution by 101. The input signal and load applied to the operational amplifier are the same as with conventional feedback without R3. The value of R3 should be kept small to minimize its effect on the distortion measurements. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 www.ti.com SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 Feature Description (continued) R1 R2 SIG. DIST. GAIN GAIN R1 R2 R3 101 ∞ 1kW 10W 11 101 100W 1kW 11W 101 101 10W 1kW ∞ 1 R3 OPA134 VO = 3Vrms R Signal Gain = 1+ 2 R1 Distortion Gain = 1+ R2 R1 II R3 Generator Output Analyzer Input Audio Precision System One Analyzer(1) IBM PC or Compatible RL 1kW NOTE: (1) Measurement BW = 80kHz Figure 27. Distortion Test Circuit This technique can be verified by duplicating measurements at high gain or high frequency, where the distortion is within the measurement capability of the test equipment. Measurements for this data sheet were made with an Audio Precision distortion and noise analyzer, which greatly simplifies repetitive measurements. The measurement technique can, however, be performed with manual distortion measurement instruments. 7.3.3 Source Impedance and Distortion For lowest distortion with a source or feedback network with an impedance greater than 2 kΩ, the impedance seen by the positive and negative inputs in noninverting applications should be matched. The p-channel JFETs in the FET input stage exhibit a varying input capacitance with applied common-mode input voltage. In inverting configurations, the input does not vary with input voltage, because the inverting input is held at virtual ground. However, in noninverting applications the inputs do vary, and the gate-to-source voltage is not constant. The effect is increased distortion due to the varying capacitance for unmatched source impedances greater than 2 kΩ. To maintain low distortion, match unbalanced source impedance with the appropriate values in the feedback network as shown in Figure 28. Of course, the unbalanced impedance may be from gain-setting resistors in the feedback path. If the parallel combination of R1 and R2 is greater than 2 kΩ, use a matching impedance on the noninverting input. As always, minimize resistor values to reduce the effects of thermal noise. R1 R2 OPA134 VOUT VIN If RS > 2kW or R1 II R2 > 2kW RS = R1 II R2 Figure 28. Impedance Matching for Maintaining Low Distortion in Non-Inverting Circuits 7.3.4 Phase Reversal Protection The OPA134 series of operational amplifiers are free from output phase-reversal problems. Many audio operational amplifiers, such as the OP176, exhibit phase-reversal of the output when the input common-mode voltage range is exceeded. This can occur in voltage-follower circuits, causing serious problems in control loop applications. The OPA134 series operational amplifiers are free from this undesirable behavior even with inputs of 10-V beyond the input common-mode range. Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 Submit Documentation Feedback 13 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 www.ti.com Feature Description (continued) 7.3.5 Output Current Limit Output current is limited by internal circuitry to approximately ±40 mA at 25°C. The limit current decreases with increasing temperature, as shown in Figure 19. 7.4 Device Functional Modes 7.4.1 Noise Performance Circuit noise is determined by the thermal noise of external resistors and operational amplifier noise. Operational amplifier noise is described by two parameters: noise voltage and noise current. The total noise is quantified by the equation: Vn (total) = (inRS )2 en2 + 4kTRS (1) With low source impedance, the current noise term is insignificant and voltage noise dominates the noise performance. At high source impedance, the current noise term becomes the dominant contributor. Low-noise bipolar operational amplifiers such as the OPA27 and OPA37 provide low voltage noise at the expense of a higher current noise. However, OPA134 series operational amplifiers provide both low voltage noise and low current noise. This provides optimum noise performance over a wide range of sources, including reactive source impedances; refer to Figure 6. Above 2-kΩ source resistance, the operational amplifier contributes little additional noise; the voltage and current terms in the total noise equation become insignificant and the source resistance term dominates. Below 2 kΩ, operational amplifier voltage noise dominates over the resistor noise, but compares favorably with other audio operational amplifiers such as the OP176. 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 www.ti.com SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 8 Application and Implementation NOTE Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality. 8.1 Application Information The OPA134 series operational amplifiers are unity-gain stable, and suitable for a wide range of audio and general-purpose applications. All circuitry is independent in the dual version, assuring normal behavior when one amplifier in a package is overdriven or short-circuited. Power supply pins should be bypassed with 10-nF ceramic capacitors or larger to minimize power supply noise. 8.1.1 Operating Voltage The OPA134 series of operational amplifiers operate with power supplies from ±2.5 V to ±18 V with excellent performance. Although specifications are production tested with ±15-V supplies, most behavior remains unchanged throughout the full operating voltage range. Parameters which vary significantly with operating voltage are shown in Typical Characteristics. 8.1.2 Offset Voltage Trim Offset voltage of OPA134 series amplifiers is laser-trimmed, and usually requires no user adjustment. The OPA134 (single operational amplifier version) provides offset trim connections on pins 1 and 8, identical to 5534 amplifiers. Offset voltage can be adjusted by connecting a potentiometer as shown in Figure 29. This adjustment should be used only to null the offset of the operational amplifier, not to adjust system offset or offset produced by the signal source. Nulling offset could change the offset voltage drift behavior of the operational amplifier. While it is not possible to predict the exact change in drift, the effect is usually small. V+ Trim Range: ±4mV typ 10nF 100kW 7 1 2 8 3 10nF OPA134 4 6 OPA134 single op amp only. Use offset adjust pins only to null offset voltage of op amp—see text. V– Figure 29. OPA134 Offset Voltage Trim Circuit Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 Submit Documentation Feedback 15 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 www.ti.com 8.2 Typical Application The OPAx134 family offers outstanding dc precision and AC performance. These devices operate up to 36-V supply rails and offer ultralow distortion and noise, as well as 8-MHz bandwidth and high capacitive load drive. These features make the OPAx134 a robust, high-performance operational amplifier for high-voltage professional audio applications. 2.94 k 590 499 Input 1 nF ± 39 nF Output + Figure 30. OPA134 2nd Order 30-kHz, Low Pass Filter Schematic 8.2.1 Design Requirements • • • • Gain = 5 V/V (inverting) Low pass cutoff frequency = 30 kHz –40 db/dec filter response Maintain less than 3-dB gain peaking in the gain versus frequency response 8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure The infinite-gain multiple-feedback circuit for a low-pass network function is shown in Figure 30. The voltage transfer function is: 1 R1R3C2C5 Output s 2 Input s s C2 1 R1 1 R3 1 R4 1 R3R4C2C5 (2) This circuit produces a signal inversion. For this circuit the gain at DC and the low pass cutoff frequency are calculated using Equation 3. R4 Gain R1 fC 1 2S 1 R3R 4 C2C5 (3) Software tools are readily available to simplify filter design. WEBENCH® Filter Designer is a simple, powerful, and easy-to-use active filter design program. The WEBENCH Filter Designer lets you create optimized filter designs using a selection of TI operational amplifiers and passive components from TI's vendor partners. Available as a web based tool from the WEBENCH® Design Center, WEBENCH® Filter Designer allows you to design, optimize, and simulate complete multistage active filter solutions within minutes. 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 www.ti.com SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 Typical Application (continued) 8.2.3 Application Curve 20 Gain (db) 0 -20 -40 -60 100 1k 10k Frequency (Hz) 100k 1M Figure 31. OPA134 2nd Order 30-kHz, Low Pass Filter Response Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 Submit Documentation Feedback 17 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 www.ti.com 9 Power Supply Recommendations The OPAx134 is specified for operation from 5 V to 36 V (±2.5 V to ±18 V); many specifications apply from –40°C to 85°C. Parameters that can exhibit significant variance with regard to operating voltage or temperature are presented in the Typical Characteristics. CAUTION Supply voltages larger than 36 V can permanently damage the device; see the Absolute Maximum Ratings. Place 10-nF bypass capacitors close to the power-supply pins to reduce errors coupling in from noisy or highimpedance power supplies. For more detailed information on bypass capacitor placement, see the Layout Guidelines. 10 Layout 10.1 Layout Guidelines For best operational performance of the device, use good PCB layout practices, including: • Noise can propagate into analog circuitry through the power pins of the circuit as a whole and operational amplifier itself. Bypass capacitors are used to reduce the coupled noise by providing low-impedance power sources local to the analog circuitry. – Connect low-ESR, 10-nF ceramic bypass capacitors between each supply pin and ground, placed as close to the device as possible. A single bypass capacitor from V+ to ground is applicable for singlesupply applications. • Separate grounding for analog and digital portions of circuitry is one of the simplest and most-effective methods of noise suppression. One or more layers on multilayer PCBs are usually devoted to ground planes. A ground plane helps distribute heat and reduces EMI noise pickup. Make sure to physically separate digital and analog grounds paying attention to the flow of the ground current. For more detailed information refer to Circuit Board Layout Techniques, SLOA089. • In order to reduce parasitic coupling, run the input traces as far away from the supply or output traces as possible. If these traces cannot be kept separate, crossing the sensitive trace perpendicular is much better as opposed to in parallel with the noisy trace. • Place the external components as close to the device as possible. As shown in Layout Example, keeping RF and RG close to the inverting input minimizes parasitic capacitance. • Keep the length of input traces as short as possible. Always remember that the input traces are the most sensitive part of the circuit. • Consider a driven, low-impedance guard ring around the critical traces. A guard ring can significantly reduce leakage currents from nearby traces that are at different potentials. • Cleaning the PCB following board assembly is recommended for best performance. • Any precision integrated circuit may experience performance shifts due to moisture ingress into the plastic package. Following any aqueous PCB cleaning process, baking the PCB assembly is recommended to remove moisture introduced into the device packaging during the cleaning process. A low temperature, post cleaning bake at 85°C for 30 minutes is sufficient for most circumstances. 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 www.ti.com SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 10.2 Layout Example + VIN VOUT RG RF (Schematic Representation) Run the input traces as far away from the supply lines as possible Place components close to device and to each other to reduce parasitic errors VS+ RF Offset trim Offset trim GND ±IN V+ VIN +IN OUTPUT V± NC RG Use low-ESR, ceramic bypass capacitor GND GND Use low-ESR, ceramic bypass capacitor VOUT VS± Ground (GND) plane on another layer Figure 32. OPA134 Layout Example for the Noninverting Configuration Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 Submit Documentation Feedback 19 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 www.ti.com 11 Device and Documentation Support 11.1 Device Support 11.1.1 Development Support 11.1.1.1 WEBENCH Filter Designer Tool WEBENCH® Filter Designer is a simple, powerful, and easy-to-use active filter design program. The WEBENCH Filter Designer lets you create optimized filter designs using a selection of TI operational amplifiers and passive components from TI's vendor partners. 11.1.1.2 TINA-TI™ (Free Software Download) TINA™ is a simple, powerful, and easy-to-use circuit simulation program based on a SPICE engine. TINA-TI is a free, fully-functional version of the TINA software, preloaded with a library of macro models in addition to a range of both passive and active models. TINA-TI provides all the conventional dc, transient, and frequency domain analysis of SPICE, as well as additional design capabilities. Available as a free download from the Analog eLab Design Center, TINA-TI offers extensive post-processing capability that allows users to format results in a variety of ways. Virtual instruments offer the ability to select input waveforms and probe circuit nodes, voltages, and waveforms, creating a dynamic quick-start tool. NOTE These files require that either the TINA software (from DesignSoft™) or TINA-TI software be installed. Download the free TINA-TI software from the TINA-TI folder. 11.1.1.3 TI Precision Designs The OPAx134 is featured in several TI Precision Designs, available online at http://www.ti.com/ww/en/analog/precision-designs/. TI Precision Designs are analog solutions created by TI’s precision analog applications experts and offer the theory of operation, component selection, simulation, complete PCB schematic and layout, bill of materials, and measured performance of many useful circuits. 11.2 Documentation Support 11.2.1 Related Documentation For related documentation, see the following: • EMI Rejection Ratio of Operational Amplifiers, SBOA128 • Circuit Board Layout Techniques, SLOA089 11.3 Related Links The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community resources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy. Table 1. Related Links 20 PARTS PRODUCT FOLDER SAMPLE & BUY TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS TOOLS & SOFTWARE SUPPORT & COMMUNITY OPA134 Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here OPA2134 Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here OPA4134 Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 OPA134, OPA2134, OPA4134 www.ti.com SBOS058A – DECEMBER 1997 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015 11.4 Community Resources The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of Use. TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help solve problems with fellow engineers. Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and contact information for technical support. 11.5 Trademarks SoundPlus, TINA-TI, E2E are trademarks of Texas Instruments. TINA, DesignSoft are trademarks of DesignSoft, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 11.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. 11.7 Glossary SLYZ022 — TI Glossary. This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions. 12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation. Copyright © 1997–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: OPA134 OPA2134 OPA4134 Submit Documentation Feedback 21 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. Buyers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All semiconductor products (also referred to herein as “components”) are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. 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