PCA8565 Real time clock/calendar Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 Product data sheet 1. General description The PCA8565 is a CMOS1 real time clock and calendar optimized for low power consumption. A programmable clock output, interrupt output and voltage-low detector are also provided. All address and data are transferred serially via a two-line bidirectional I2C-bus. Maximum bus speed is 400 kbit/s. The built-in word address register is incremented automatically after each written or read data byte. AEC-Q100 compliant (PCA8565TS) for automotive applications. 2. Features n Provides year, month, day, weekday, hours, minutes and seconds based on a 32.768 kHz quartz crystal n Century flag n Clock operating voltage: 1.8 V to 5.5 V n Extended operating temperature range: −40 °C to +125 °C n Low backup current; typical 0.65 µA at VDD = 3.0 V and Tamb = 25 °C n 400 kHz two-wire I2C-bus interface (at VDD = 1.8 V to 5.5 V) n Programmable clock output for peripheral devices (32.768 kHz, 1.024 kHz, 32 Hz and 1 Hz) n Alarm and timer functions n Internal power-on reset n I2C-bus slave address: read A3h and write A2h n Open-drain interrupt pin n One integrated oscillator capacitor 3. Applications n Automotive n Industrial n Other applications that require a wide operating temperature range 1. The definition of the abbreviations and acronyms used in this data sheet can be found in Section 16. PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 4. Ordering information Table 1. Ordering information Type number Package Name Description Version PCA8565TS TSSOP8 plastic thin shrink small outline package; 8 leads; body width 3 mm SOT505-1 PCA8565BS HVSON10 plastic thermal enhanced very thin small outline package; no leads; 10 terminals; body 3 × 3 × 0.85 mm SOT650-1 5. Marking Table 2. Marking codes Type number Marking code PCA8565TS 8565 PCA8565BS 8565S PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 2 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 6. Block diagram OSCI OSCILLATOR 32.768 kHz DIVIDER CLKOUT CLOCK OUT OSCO CONTROL MONITOR 00h Control_1 01h Control_2 0Dh CLKOUT_control POWER-ON RESET TIME VDD VSS WATCH DOG 02h Seconds 03h Minutes 04h Hours 05h Days 06h Weekdays 07h Months_century 08h Years ALARM FUNCTION SDA SCL I2C INTERFACE 09h Minute_alarm 0Ah Hour_alarm 0Bh Day_alarm 0Ch Weekday_alarm INT INTERRUPT TIMER FUNCTION PCA8565 0Eh Timer_control 0Fh Timer 001aah661 Fig 1. Block diagram of PCA8565 PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 3 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 7. Pinning information 7.1 Pinning terminal 1 index area OSCI 1 8 VDD OSCO 2 7 CLKOUT INT 3 6 SCL VSS 4 5 SDA PCA8565TS OSCI 1 10 n.c. OSCO 2 9 VDD n.c. 3 8 CLKOUT INT 4 7 SCL VSS 5 6 SDA 001aaj753 Transparent top view 001aaj754 Top view. For mechanical details see Figure 28. Fig 2. PCA8565BS For mechanical details see Figure 29. Pin configuration of PCA8565TS (TSSOP8) Fig 3. Pin configuration of PCA8565BS (HVSON10) 7.2 Pin description Table 3. Pin description Symbol Pin Description TSSOP8 HVSON10 OSCI 1 1 oscillator input OSCO 2 2 oscillator output n.c. - 3, 10 do not connect and do not use as feed through; connect to VDD if floating pins are not allowed INT 3 4 interrupt output (open-drain; active LOW) ground VSS 4 5[1] SDA 5 6 serial data I/O SCL 6 7 serial clock input CLKOUT 7 8 clock output, open-drain VDD 8 9 positive supply voltage [1] The die paddle (exposed pad) is wired to VSS but should not be electrically connected. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 4 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 8. Device protection diagram VDD OSCI CLKOUT OSCO SCL INT VSS SDA PCA8565 mce169 Fig 4. Device diode protection diagram of PCA8565 9. Functional description The PCA8565 contains sixteen 8-bit registers with an auto-incrementing address register, an on-chip 32.768 kHz oscillator with one integrated capacitor, a frequency divider which provides the source clock for the Real Time Clock (RTC), a programmable clock output, a timer, an alarm, a voltage-low detector and a 400 kHz I2C-bus interface. All 16 registers are designed as addressable 8-bit registers although not all bits are implemented: • The first two registers (memory address 00h and 01h) are used as control and status registers • The registers at memory addresses 02h through 08h are used as counters for the clock function (seconds up to years counters) • Address locations 09h through 0Ch contain alarm registers which define the conditions for an alarm • The register at address 0Dh controls the CLKOUT output frequency • At address 0Eh is the timer control register and address 0Fh contains the timer value The arrays SECONDS, MINUTES, HOURS, DAYS, WEEKDAYS, MONTHS, YEARS as well as the bit fields MINUTE_ALARM, HOUR_ALARM, DAY_ALARM and WEEKDAY_ALARM are all coded in Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) format. When one of the RTC registers is read the contents of all time counters are frozen. This prevents faulty reading of the clock or calendar during a carry condition (see Section 10.5.3). PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 5 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 9.1 Register overview Table 4. Register overview and control bits default values Bit positions labeled as - are not implemented. Bit positions labeled as N should always be written with logic 0. Reset values are shown in Table 7. Address Register name Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Control registers 00h Control_1 TEST1 N STOP N TESTC N N N 01h Control_2 N N N TI_TP AF TF AIE TIE - WEEKDAYS (0 to 6) Time and date registers 02h Seconds VL SECONDS (0 to 59) 03h Minutes - MINUTES (0 to 59) 04h Hours - - 05h Days - - DAYS (1 to 31) 06h Weekdays - - - - 07h Months_century C - - MONTHS (1 to 12) 08h Years YEARS (0 to 99) HOURS (0 to 23) Alarm registers 09h Minute_alarm AE_M MINUTE_ALARM (0 to 59) 0Ah Hour_alarm AE_H - HOUR_ALARM (0 to 23) 0Bh Day_alarm AE_D - DAY_ALARM (1 to 31) 0Ch Weekday_alarm AE_W - - - - WEEKDAY_ALARM (0 to 6) FE - - - - - FD - - - - - TD CLKOUT control register 0Dh CLKOUT_control Timer registers 0Eh Timer_control TE 0Fh Timer COUNTDOWN_TIMER PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 6 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 9.2 Control registers 9.2.1 Register Control_1 Table 5. Bit 7 Register Control_1 (address 00h) bits description Symbol Value Description TEST1 0[1] normal mode 1 EXT_CLK test mode default value RTC source clock runs 6 N 0[2] 5 STOP 0[1] 1 all RTC divider chain flip-flops are asynchronously set to logic 0; the RTC clock is stopped (CLKOUT at 32.768 kHz is still available) 4 N 0[2] default value 3 TESTC 0 power-on reset override facility is disabled; set to logic 0 for normal operation 2 to 0 N 1[1] power-on reset override may be enabled 000[2] default value [1] Default value. [2] Bits labeled as N should always be written with logic 0. 9.2.2 Register Control_2 Table 6. Bit Register Control_2 (address 01h) bits description Symbol Value Description 7 to 5 N 000[1] default value 4 0[2] INT is active when TF is active (subject to the status of TIE) 1 INT pulses active according to Table 26 (subject to the status of TIE); TI_TP Remark: note that if AF and AIE are active then INT will be permanently active 3 2 1 0 AF TF AIE TIE 0[2] alarm flag inactive 1 alarm flag active 0[2] timer flag inactive 1 timer flag active 0[2] alarm interrupt disabled 1 alarm interrupt enabled 0[2] timer interrupt disabled 1 timer interrupt enabled [1] Bits labeled as N should always be written with logic 0. [2] Default value. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 7 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 9.3 Reset The PCA8565 includes an internal reset circuit which is active whenever the oscillator is stopped. In the reset state the I2C-bus logic is initialized including the address pointer. All other registers are set according to Table 7. Table 7. Register reset values[1] Address Register name Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00h Control_1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 01h Control_2 x x 0 0 0 0 0 0 02h Seconds 1 x x x x x x x 03h Minutes 1 x x x x x x x 04h Hours x x x x x x x x 05h Days x x x x x x x x 06h Weekdays x x x x x x x x 07h Months_century x x x x x x x x 08h Years x x x x x x x x 09h Minute_alarm 1 x x x x x x x 0Ah Hour_alarm 1 x x x x x x x 0Bh Day_alarm 1 x x x x x x x 0Ch Weekday_alarm 1 x x x x x x x 0Dh CLKOUT_control 1 x x x x x 0 0 0Eh Timer_control 0 x x x x x 1 1 0Fh Timer x x x x x x x x [1] Registers labeled ‘x’ are undefined at power-on and unchanged by subsequent resets. 9.4 Time and date registers The majority of the registers are coded in the BCD format to simplify application use. Table 8. Register Seconds (address 02h) bits description Bit Symbol Value Place value Description 7 VL 0 - clock integrity is guaranteed 1[1] - integrity of the clock information is not guaranteed 6 to 4 SECONDS 0 to 5[2] ten’s place actual seconds coded in BCD format 3 to 0 9[2] unit place 0 to [1] Start-up value. [2] Values shown in decimal. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 8 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar Table 9. Seconds coded in BCD format Seconds value in decimal Upper-digit (ten’s place) Digit (unit place) Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 02 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 09 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 10 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 58 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 59 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 : : Table 10. Register Minutes (address 03h) bits description Bit Symbol Value Place value Description 7 - - - unused ten’s place actual minutes coded in BCD format 5[1] 6 to 4 MINUTES 0 to 3 to 0 0 to 9[1] [1] unit place Values shown in decimal. Table 11. Bit Register Hours (address 04h) bits description Symbol Value Place value Description 7 to 6 - - - unused 5 to 4 HOURS 0 to 2[1] ten’s place actual hours coded in BCD format 3 to 0 [1] 0 to 9[1] unit place Values shown in decimal. Table 12. Bit Register Days (address 05h) bits description Symbol 7 to 6 5 to 4 DAYS[1] 3 to 0 Value Place value Description - - unused 0 to 3[2] ten’s place actual day coded in BCD format 0 to 9[2] unit place [1] The PCA8565 compensates for leap years by adding a 29th day to February if the year counter contains a value which is exactly divisible by 4, including the year 00. [2] Values shown in decimal. Table 13. Bit Register Weekdays (address 06h) bits description Symbol 7 to 3 2 to 0 WEEKDAYS [1] Value Description - unused 0 to 6[1] actual weekday values, see Table 14 Values shown in decimal. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 9 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar Table 14. Weekday assignments Day[1] Bit 2 1 0 Sunday 0 0 0 Monday 0 0 1 Tuesday 0 1 0 Wednesday 0 1 1 Thursday 1 0 0 Friday 1 0 1 Saturday 1 1 0 [1] Definition may be re-assigned by the user. Table 15. Register Months_century (address 07h) bits description Bit Symbol Value Place value Description 7 C[1] 0[2] - indicates the century is x 1 - indicates the century is x + 1 - unused ten’s place actual month coded in BCD format, see Table 16 6 to 5 4 - MONTHS 0 to 1[3] 0 to 9[3] 3 to 0 unit place [1] This bit may be re-assigned by the user. [2] This bit is toggled when the years register overflows from 99 to 00. [3] Values shown in decimal. Table 16. Month Month assignments coded in BCD format Upper-digit (ten’s place) Digit (unit place) Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 January 0 0 0 0 1 February 0 0 0 1 0 March 0 0 0 1 1 April 0 0 1 0 0 May 0 0 1 0 1 June 0 0 1 1 0 July 0 0 1 1 1 August 0 1 0 0 0 September 0 1 0 0 1 October 1 0 0 0 0 November 1 0 0 0 1 December 1 0 0 1 0 PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 10 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar Table 17. Bit Register Years (08h) bits description Symbol Value 7 to 4 YEARS 3 to 0 [1] Place value Description 0 to 9[1] ten’s place 0 to 9[1] unit place actual year coded in BCD format Values shown in decimal. 9.5 Data flow Figure 5 shows the data flow and data dependencies starting from the 1 Hz clock tick. 1 Hz tick SECONDS MINUTES HOURS LEAP YEAR CALCULATION DAYS WEEKDAY MONTHS YEARS C Fig 5. 013aaa092 Data flow for the time function If the time registers are written or read by making individual access to the chip, then there is the risk that the time will increment between accesses. This has to be avoided by stopping the increment of the time circuit. After access is completed, the time circuit is allowed to continue running and any request to increment that occurred during the access is initiated. As a consequence of this method, it is important to read or write all time registers in one access i.e. seconds up to years. Failing to comply with this method could result in the time becoming corrupted. As an example, if the time (seconds through to hours) are set in one access and then in a second access the date is set, it is possible that the time may increment between the two accesses. A similar problem exists when reading. A roll over may occur between reads thus giving the minutes from one moment and the hours from the next. Recommended method for reading the time: 1. Send a START condition and the slave address for write (A2h). 2. Set the address pointer to registers Seconds (02h). PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 11 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 3. Send a RESTART condition or STOP followed by START. 4. Send the slave address for read (A3h). 5. Read the register Seconds. 6. Read the register Minutes. 7. Read the register Hours. 8. Read the register Days. 9. Read the register Weekdays. 10. Read the register Months_century. 11. Read the register Years. 12. Send a STOP condition. 9.6 Alarm function When one or more of the alarm registers are loaded with a valid minute, hour, day or weekday and its corresponding bit alarm enable (AE_x) is logic 0, then that information is compared with the actual minute, hour, day and weekday. check now signal example AE_M AE_M= 1 MINUTE ALARM = 1 0 MINUTE TIME AE_H HOUR ALARM = HOUR TIME set alarm flag, AF(1) AE_D DAY ALARM = DAY TIME AE_W WEEKDAY ALARM = 013aaa088 WEEKDAY TIME (1) Only when all enabled alarm settings are matching. It’s only on increment to a matched case that the alarm is set, see Section 9.6.2. Fig 6. Alarm function block diagram PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 12 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 9.6.1 Alarm registers Table 18. Register Minute_alarm (address 09h) bits description Bit Symbol Value Place value Description 7 AE_M 0 - minute alarm is enabled 1[1] - minute alarm is disabled 0 to 5[2] ten’s place minute alarm information coded in BCD format 6 to 4 MINUTE_ALARM 3 to 0 0 to [1] Default value. [2] Values shown in decimal. Table 19. 9[2] unit place Register Hour_alarm (address 0Ah) bits description Bit Symbol Value Place value Description 7 AE_H 0 - 6 - - hour alarm is disabled - - unused ten’s place hour alarm information coded in BCD format 0 to 2[2] 5 to 4 HOUR_ALARM 3 to 0 0 to [1] Default value. [2] Values shown in decimal. Table 20. hour alarm is enabled 1[1] 9[2] unit place Register Day_alarm (address 0Bh) bits description Bit Symbol Value Place value Description 7 AE_D 0 - day alarm is enabled 1[1] - day alarm is disabled 6 - - 5 to 4 DAY_ALARM 3 to 0 [1] Default value. [2] Values shown in decimal. Table 21. - unused 0 to 3[2] ten’s place 0 to 9[2] unit place day alarm information coded in BCD format Register Weekday_alarm (address 0Ch) bits description Bit Symbol Value Description 7 AE_W 0 weekday alarm is enabled 1[1] weekday alarm is disabled 6 to 3 - - 2 to 0 WEEKDAY_ALARM 0 to [1] Default value. [2] Values shown in decimal. unused 6[2] weekday alarm information coded in BCD format 9.6.2 Alarm flag When all enabled comparisons first match, the Alarm Flag (AF) is set. AF will remain set until cleared using the interface. Once AF has been cleared it is only set again when the time increments to match the alarm condition once more. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 13 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar Alarm registers which have their bit AE_x at logic 1 are ignored. Table 23 shows an example for clearing bit AF but leaving bit TF unaffected. Clearing the flags is made by a write command; therefore bits 7, 6, 4, 1 and 0 must be written with their previous values. Repeatedly re-writing these bits has no influence on the functional behavior. minutes counter 44 minute alarm 45 46 45 AF INT when AIE = 1 001aaf903 Example where only the minute alarm is used and no other interrupts are enabled. Fig 7. AF timing To prevent the timer flags being overwritten while clearing AF, a logical AND is performed during a write access. Writing a logic 1 will cause the flag to maintain its value, whereas writing a logic 0 will cause the flag to be reset. Table 22. Register Control_2 Flag location in register Control_2 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - - - - AF TF - - The following table shows what instruction must be sent to clear bit AF. In this example bit TF is unaffected. Table 23. Register Control_2 Example to clear only AF (bit 3) in register Control_2 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - - - - 0 1 - - 9.7 Timer functions The 8-bit countdown timer at address 0Fh is controlled by the timer control register at address 0Eh. The timer control register determines one of 4 source clock frequencies for the timer (4.096 kHz, 64 Hz, 1 Hz, or 1⁄60 Hz) and enables or disables the timer. The timer counts down from a software-loaded 8-bit binary value. At the end of every countdown, the timer sets the timer flag (TF). The TF is cleared using the interface. The asserted TF is used to generate an interrupt (INT). The interrupt is generated as a pulsed signal every countdown period or as a permanently active signal which follows the condition of TF. Bit TI_TP is used to control this mode selection. When reading the timer, the actual countdown value is returned. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 14 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 9.7.1 Register Timer_control Table 24. Bit 7 Register Timer_control (address 0Eh) bits description Symbol Value Description TE 0[1] timer is disabled 1 timer is enabled - unused 6 to 2 - timer source clock frequency select[2] 1 to 0 TD[1:0] 00 4.096 kHz 01 64 Hz 10 1 Hz 11[2] 1⁄ 60 Hz [1] Default value. [2] These bits determine the source clock for the countdown timer; when not in use, TD[1:0] should be set to 1⁄ Hz for power saving. 60 The timer register is an 8-bit binary countdown timer. It is enabled and disabled via the bit TE in register Timer_control. The source clock for the timer is also selected by the TD[1:0] in register Timer_control. Other timer properties such as interrupt generation are controlled via register Control_2. For accurate read back of the countdown value, the I2C-bus clock (SCL) must operate at a frequency of at least twice the selected timer clock. Since it is not possible to freeze the countdown timer counter during read back, it is recommended to read the register twice and check for consistent results. Table 25. Timer (address 0Fh) bits description Bit Symbol Value Description 7 to 0 COUNTDOWN_TIMER 00h to FFh countdown value = n; n CountdownPeriod = --------------------------------------------------------------SourceClockFrequency 9.8 Interrupt output 9.8.1 Bits TF and AF When an alarm occurs, AF is set to 1. Similarly, at the end of a timer countdown, TF is set to 1. These bits maintain their value until overwritten using the interface. If both timer and alarm interrupts are required in the application, the source of the interrupt is determined by reading these bits. To prevent one flag being overwritten while clearing another a logic AND is performed during a write access. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 15 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar TI_TP TE to interface: read TF TF: TIMER COUNTDOWN COUNTER TIE E.G.AIE 0 1 0 SET PULSE GENERATOR 2 TRIGGER CLEAR 1 CLEAR INT from interface: clear TF set alarm flag, AF to interface: read AF AF: ALARM FLAG SET AIE CLEAR from interface: clear AF 013aaa087 When bits TIE and AIE are disabled, pin INT will remain high-impedance. Fig 8. Interrupt scheme 9.8.2 Bits TIE and AIE These bits activate or deactivate the generation of an interrupt when TF or AF is asserted respectively. The interrupt is the logical OR of these two conditions when both AIE and TIE are set. 9.8.3 Countdown timer interrupts The pulse generator for the countdown timer interrupt uses an internal clock and is dependent on the selected source clock for the countdown timer and on the countdown value n. As a consequence, the width of the interrupt pulse varies (see Table 26). Table 26. INT operation (bit TI_TP = 1) Source clock (Hz) INT period (s) n = 1[1] n>1 4096 1⁄ 8192 1⁄ 4096 64 1⁄ 128 1⁄ 64 1 1⁄ 64 1⁄ 64 1⁄ 60 1⁄ 64 1⁄ 64 [1] n = loaded countdown value. Timer stopped when n = 0. 9.9 Clock output A programmable square wave is available at pin CLKOUT. Operation is controlled by the CLKOUT_control register at address 0Dh. Frequencies of 32.768 kHz (default), 1.024 kHz, 32 Hz and 1 Hz can be generated for use as a system clock, microcontroller clock, input to a charge pump, or for calibration of the oscillator. CLKOUT is an open-drain output and enabled at power-on. If disabled it becomes high-impedance. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 16 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar Table 27. Register CLKOUT_control (address 0Dh) bits description Bit Symbol Value Description 7 FE 0 the CLKOUT output is inhibited and CLKOUT output is set to high-impedance 1[1] the CLKOUT output is activated - unused 6 to 2 1 to 0 FD[1:0] [1] frequency output at pin CLKOUT 00[1] 32.768 kHz 01 1.024 kHz 10 32 Hz 11 1 Hz Default value. 9.10 Voltage-low detector The PCA8565 has an on-chip voltage-low detector. When VDD drops below Vlow, bit VL in the Seconds register is set to indicate that the integrity of the clock information is no longer guaranteed. The VL flag is cleared using the interface. Bit VL is intended to detect the situation when VDD is decreasing slowly, for example under battery operation. Should VDD reach Vlow before power is re-asserted then bit VL is set. This indicates that the time may be corrupt (see Figure 9). mgr887 VDD normal power operation period of battery operation Vlow VL set Fig 9. t Voltage-low detection 9.11 External clock (EXT_CLK) test mode A test mode is available which allows for on-board testing. In such a mode it is possible to set up test conditions and control the operation of the RTC. The test mode is entered by setting bit TEST1 in register Control_1. Then pin CLKOUT becomes an input. The test mode replaces the internal 64 Hz signal with the signal applied to pin CLKOUT. Every 64 positive edges applied to pin CLKOUT will then generate an increment of one second. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 17 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar The signal applied to pin CLKOUT should have a minimum pulse width of 300 ns and a minimum period of 1000 ns. The internal 64 Hz clock, now sourced from CLKOUT, is divided down to 1 Hz by a 26 divide chain called a pre-scaler. The pre-scaler can be set into a known state by using bit STOP. When bit STOP is set, the pre-scaler is reset to 0 (STOP must be cleared before the pre-scaler can operate again). From a STOP condition, the first 1 second increment will take place after 32 positive edges on CLKOUT. Thereafter, every 64 positive edges will cause a 1 second increment. Remark: Entry into EXT_CLK test mode is not synchronized to the internal 64 Hz clock. When entering the test mode, no assumption as to the state of the pre-scaler can be made. Operation example: 1. Set EXT_CLK test mode (Control_1, bit TEST1 = 1). 2. Set STOP (Control_1, bit STOP = 1). 3. Clear STOP (Control_1, bit STOP = 0). 4. Set time registers to desired value. 5. Apply 32 clock pulses to CLKOUT. 6. Read time registers to see the first change. 7. Apply 64 clock pulses to CLKOUT. 8. Read time registers to see the second change. Repeat 7 and 8 for additional increments. 9.12 STOP bit function The function of the STOP bit is to allow for accurate starting of the time circuits. The STOP bit function will cause the upper part of the prescaler (F2 to F14) to be held in reset and thus no 1 Hz ticks will be generated (see Figure 10). The time circuits can then be set and will not increment until the STOP bit is released (see Figure 11 and Table 28). F13 RES RES 2 Hz F2 reset 4096 Hz F1 8192 Hz F0 16384 Hz OSC 32768 Hz OSC STOP DETECTOR F14 1 Hz tick RES stop 1 Hz 32 Hz CLKOUT source 1024 Hz 32768 Hz 013aaa089 Fig 10. STOP bit PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 18 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar The STOP bit function will not affect the output of 32.768 kHz but will stop 1.024 kHz, 32 Hz and 1 Hz. The lower two stages of the prescaler (F0 and F1) are not reset and because the I2C-bus is asynchronous to the crystal oscillator, the accuracy of re-starting the time circuits will be between zero and one 8.192 kHz cycle (see Figure 11). 8192 Hz stop released 0 µs to 122 µs 001aaf912 Fig 11. STOP bit release timing Table 28. First increment of time circuits after STOP bit release Bit Prescaler bits STOP F0F1-F2 to F14 [1] 1 Hz tick Time Comment hh:mm:ss Clock is running normally 0 12:45:12 01-0 0001 1101 0100 prescaler counting normally STOP bit is activated by user. F0F1 are not reset and values cannot be predicted externally 1 12:45:12 prescaler is reset; time circuits are frozen 08:00:00 prescaler is reset; time circuits are frozen 08:00:00 prescaler is now running 08:00:00 - 08:00:00 - 08:00:00 - : : 08:00:00 - 00-0 0000 0000 0001 08:00:01 0 to 1 transition of F14 increments the time circuits 10-0 0000 0000 0001 08:00:01 - : : : 08:00:01 - XX-0 0000 0000 0000 New time is set by user 1 XX-0 0000 0000 0000 STOP bit is released by user 0 XX-0 1000 0000 0000 XX-1 1000 0000 0000 : 11-1 1111 1111 1110 11-1 1111 1111 1111 1.000000 s XX-1 0000 0000 0000 0.507813- 0.507935 s XX-0 0000 0000 0000 08:00:01 - 10-0 0000 0000 0000 08:00:01 - : : - 11-1 1111 1111 1110 08:00:01 - 08:00:02 0 to 1 transition of F14 increments the time circuits 00-0 0000 0000 0000 00-0 0000 0000 0001 013aaa076 [1] F0 is clocked at 32.768 kHz. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 19 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar The first increment of the time circuits is between 0.507813 s and 0.507935 s after STOP bit is released. The uncertainty is caused by the prescaler bits F0 and F1 not being reset (see Table 28) and the unknown state of the 32 kHz clock. 9.13 Power-On Reset (POR) override The POR duration is directly related to the crystal oscillator start-up time. Due to the long start-up times experienced by these types of circuits, a mechanism has been built in to disable the POR and hence speed up on-board test of the device. The setting of this mode requires that the I2C-bus pins, SDA and SCL, be toggled in a specific order as shown in Figure 12. All timings are required minimums. Once the override mode has been entered, the device immediately stops being reset and normal operation may commence i.e. entry into the EXT_CLK test mode via I2C-bus access. The override mode may be cleared by writing a logic 0 to TESTC. TESTC must be set to logic 1 before re-entry into the override mode is possible. Setting TESTC to logic 0 during normal operation has no effect except to prevent entry into the POR override mode. 500 ns 2000 ns SDA SCL 8 ms power up override active mgm664 Fig 12. POR override sequence PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 20 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 10. Characteristics of the I2C-bus The I2C-bus is for bidirectional, two-line communication between different ICs or modules. The two lines are a Serial Data Line (SDA) and a Serial Clock Line (SCL). Both lines must be connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor. Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy. 10.1 Bit transfer One data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. The data on the SDA line must remain stable during the HIGH period of the clock pulse as changes in the data line at this time will be interpreted as a control signal (see Figure 13). SDA SCL data line stable; data valid change of data allowed mbc621 Fig 13. Bit transfer 10.2 START and STOP conditions Both data and clock lines remain HIGH when the bus is not busy. A HIGH-to-LOW transition of the data line, while the clock is HIGH is defined as the START condition (S). A LOW-to-HIGH transition of the data line while the clock is HIGH is defined as the STOP condition (P), see Figure 14. SDA SDA SCL SCL S P START condition STOP condition mbc622 Fig 14. Definition of START and STOP conditions 10.3 System configuration A device generating a message is a transmitter, a device receiving a message is the receiver. The device that controls the message is the master and the devices which are controlled by the master are the slaves (see Figure 15). PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 21 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar SDA SCL MASTER TRANSMITTER / RECEIVER SLAVE TRANSMITTER / RECEIVER SLAVE RECEIVER MASTER TRANSMITTER / RECEIVER MASTER TRANSMITTER mba605 Fig 15. System configuration 10.4 Acknowledge The number of data bytes transferred between the START and STOP conditions from transmitter to receiver is unlimited. Each byte of eight bits is followed by an acknowledge bit. The acknowledge bit is a HIGH-level signal put on the bus by the transmitter during which time the master generates an extra acknowledge related clock pulse. A slave receiver which is addressed must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte. Also a master receiver must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte that has been clocked out of the slave transmitter. The device that acknowledges must pull down the SDA line during the acknowledge clock pulse, so that the SDA line is stable LOW during the HIGH period of the acknowledge related clock pulse (set-up and hold times must be taken into consideration). A master receiver must signal an end of data to the transmitter by not generating an acknowledge on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. In this event the transmitter must leave the data line HIGH to enable the master to generate a STOP condition. data output by transmitter not acknowledge data output by receiver acknowledge SCL from master 1 2 8 9 S START condition clock pulse for acknowledgement mbc602 Fig 16. Acknowledgement on the I2C-bus PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 22 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 10.5 I2C-bus protocol 10.5.1 Addressing Before any data is transmitted on the I2C-bus, the device which should respond is addressed first. The addressing is always carried out with the first byte transmitted after the start procedure. The PCA8565 acts as a slave receiver or slave transmitter. Therefore the clock signal SCL is only an input signal, but the data signal SDA is a bidirectional line. The PCA8565 slave address is shown in Figure 17. 1 0 1 0 group 1 0 0 1 R/W group 2 mce189 Fig 17. Slave address 10.5.2 Clock and calendar read/write cycles The I2C-bus configuration for the different PCA8565 read and write cycles is shown in Figure 18, Figure 19 and Figure 20. The word address is a 4-bit value that defines which register is to be accessed next. The upper four bits of the word address are not used. acknowledgement from slave S SLAVE ADDRESS 0 A acknowledgement from slave WORD ADDRESS A R/W acknowledgement from slave DATA A P n bytes auto increment memory word address mbd822 Fig 18. Master transmits to slave receiver (write mode) PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 23 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar acknowledgement from slave S SLAVE ADDRESS 0 A acknowledgement from slave WORD ADDRESS R/W A S acknowledgement from slave SLAVE ADDRESS at this moment master transmitter becomes master receiver and PCA8565 slave receiver becomes slave transmitter 1 A acknowledgement from master DATA A n bytes R/W auto increment memory word address no acknowledgement from master DATA 1 P last byte auto increment memory word address 001aaj743 Fig 19. Master reads after setting word address (write word address; read data) acknowledgement from master acknowledgement from slave S 1 A SLAVE ADDRESS R/W DATA A n bytes no acknowledgement from master DATA 1 P last byte auto increment word address auto increment word address mgl665 Fig 20. Master reads slave immediately after first byte (read mode) 10.5.3 Interface watchdog timer During read/write operations, the time counting circuits are frozen. To prevent a situation where the accessing device becomes locked and does not clear the interface, the PCA8565 has a built in watchdog timer. Should the interface be active for more than 1 s from the time a valid slave address is transmitted, then the PCA8565 will automatically clear the interface and allow the time counting circuits to continue counting. Under a correct data transfer, the watchdog timer is stopped on receipt of a START or STOP condition. The watchdog is implemented to prevent the excessive loss of time due to interface access failure e.g. if main power is removed from a battery backed-up system during an interface access. Each time the watchdog period is exceeded, 1 s will be lost from the time counters. The watchdog will trigger between 1 s and 2 s after receiving a valid slave address. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 24 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar tW < 1 s WD timer data time counters WD timer running valid slave address running data data data time counters frozen running 013aaa090 a. Correct data transfer: read or write 1 s < tW < 2 s WD timer data time counters WD timer running valid slave address data running data data WD trips data transfer fail time counters frozen running 013aaa091 b. Incorrect data transfer: read or write Fig 21. Interface watchdog timer PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 25 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 11. Limiting values Table 29. Limiting values In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Symbol Parameter VDD Min Max Unit supply voltage −0.5 +6.5 V ISS ground supply current −50 +50 mA IDD supply current −50 −50 mA VI input voltage −0.5 +6.5 V II input current −10 +10 mA IO output current −10 +10 mA Ptot total power dissipation - 300 mW Tamb ambient temperature Tstg VESD Ilu Conditions −40 +125 °C storage temperature [1] −65 +150 °C electrostatic discharge voltage HBM [2] - ±3000 V CDM [3] - ±1100 V [4] - 250 mA latch-up current [1] According to the NXP store and transport conditions (document SNW-SQ-623) the devices have to be stored at a temperature of +5 °C to +45 °C and a humidity of 25 % to 75 %. [2] Pass level; Human Body Model (HBM) according to JESD22-A114. [3] Pass level; Charged-Device Model (CDM), according to JESD22-C101. [4] Pass level; latch-up testing, according to JESD78. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 26 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 12. Characteristics 12.1 Static characteristics Table 30. Static characteristics VDD = 1.8 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = −40 °C to +125 °C; fosc = 32.768 kHz; quartz Rs = 40 kΩ; CL = 8 pF; unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit 1.8 - 5.5 V for clock data integrity Vlow - 5.5 V - 0.9 1.7 V - - 820 µA - - 220 µA VDD = 5.0 V - 750 1500 nA VDD = 4.0 V - 700 1400 nA VDD = 3.0 V - 650 1300 nA VDD = 2.0 V - 600 1200 nA - 750 5000 nA Supplies supply voltage VDD Vlow low voltage for low voltage detection IDD supply current interface active fSCL = 400 kHz fSCL = 100 kHz interface inactive (fSCL = 0 Hz); Tamb = 25 °C [1] CLKOUT disabled VDD = 5.0 V; Tamb = 125 °C [2] CLKOUT enabled at 32 kHz [1] VDD = 5.0 V - 1000 2000 nA VDD = 4.0 V - 900 1800 nA VDD = 3.0 V - 800 1600 nA - 700 1400 nA - 1000 6000 nA VSS − 0.3 - 0.3VDD V 0.7VDD - 5.5 V VDD = 2.0 V VDD = 5.0 V;Tamb = 125 °C [2] Inputs VIL LOW-level input voltage VIH HIGH-level input voltage on pins SCL and SDA on pin OSCI 0.7VDD - VDD + 0.3 V ILI input leakage current on pins SCL and SDA; VI = VDD or VSS −1 0 +1 µA - - 7 pF on pin SDA −3 - - mA on pin INT −1 - - mA −1 - - mA −1 0 +1 µA [3] input capacitance Ci Outputs LOW-level output current IOL VOL = 0.4 V; VDD = 5 V VO = VDD or VSS; on pin CLKOUT output leakage current ILO [1] Timer source clock = 1⁄60 Hz, level of pins SCL and SDA is VDD or VSS. [2] Worst case is at high temperature and high supply voltage. [3] Tested on sample basis. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 27 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar mld970 1.5 IDD (µA) mld971 1.5 IDD (µA) 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 2 4 VDD (V) 6 0 Tamb = 25 °C; Timer = 1 minute; CLKOUT disabled. Fig 22. IDD as a function of VDD 2 4 VDD (V) 6 Tamb = 25 °C; Timer = 1 minute; CLKOUT = 32 kHz. Fig 23. IDD as a function of VDD mld973 mld972 1.5 4 IDD (µA) frequency deviation (ppm) 2 1.0 0 0.5 −2 −4 0 −40 0 40 80 120 160 VDD = 3 V; Timer = 1 minute; CLKOUT = 32 kHz. Fig 24. IDD as a function of temperature 0 T (°C) 4 VDD (V) 6 Tamb = 25 °C; normalized to VDD = 3 V. Fig 25. Frequency deviation as a function of VDD PCA8565_2 Product data sheet 2 © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 28 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 12.2 Dynamic characteristics Table 31. Dynamic characteristics VDD = 1.8 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = −40 °C to +125 °C; fosc = 32.768 kHz; quartz Rs = 40 kΩ; CL = 8 pF; unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit 15 25 35 pF - 2× - ppm Oscillator CL(itg) ∆fosc/fosc [1] integrated load capacitance relative oscillator frequency variation ∆VDD = 200 mV; Tamb = 25 °C 10-7 Quartz crystal parameters (f = 32.768 kHz) Rs series resistance - - 40 kΩ CL load capacitance - 10 - pF Ctrim trimmer capacitance 5 - 25 pF - 50 - % - - 400 kHz CLKOUT output δCLKOUT I2C-bus [2] duty cycle on pin CLKOUT [3][4] timing characteristics fSCL SCL clock frequency [5] tHD;STA hold time (repeated) START condition 0.6 - - µs tSU;STA set-up time for a repeated START condition 0.6 - - µs tLOW LOW period of the SCL clock 1.3 - - µs tHIGH HIGH period of the SCL clock 0.6 - - µs tr rise time of both SDA and SCL signals - - 0.3 µs tf fall time of both SDA and SCL signals - - 0.3 µs tSU;DAT data set-up time 100 - - ns tHD;DAT data hold time 0 - - ns tBUF bus free time between a STOP and START condition 4.7 - - µs tSU;STO set-up time for STOP condition 0.6 - - µs tSP pulse width of spikes that must be suppressed by the input filter - - 50 ns Cb capacitive load for each bus line - - 400 pF [1] ( C OSCI ⋅ C OSCO ) ( C OSCI + C OSCO ) Integrated load capacitance, CL(itg), is a calculation of COSCI and COSCO in series. C L ( itg ) = -------------------------------------------- [2] For fCLKOUT = 1.024 kHz, 32 Hz and 1 Hz. [3] All timing values are valid within the operating supply voltage at ambient temperature and referenced to VIL and VIH with an input voltage swing of VSS to VDD. [4] A detailed description of the I2C-bus specification is given in the document UM10204. [5] I2C-bus access time between two STARTs or between a START and a STOP condition to this device must be less than one second. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 29 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar SDA tBUF tLOW tf SCL tHD;STA tr tHD;DAT tHIGH tSU;DAT SDA tSU;STA tSU;STO mga728 Fig 26. I2C-bus timing waveforms PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 30 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 13. Application information VDD SDA 1 µF SCL MASTER TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER VDD SCL CLOCK CALENDAR OSCI PCA8565 OSCO VSS SDA VDD R R R: pull-up resistor tr R= Cb SDA SCL (I2C-bus) mce168 Fig 27. Application diagram of PCA8565 13.1 Quartz frequency adjustment 13.1.1 Method 1: fixed OSCI capacitor By evaluating the average capacitance necessary for the application layout, a fixed capacitor can be used. The frequency is best measured via the 32.768 kHz signal available after power-on at pin CLKOUT. The frequency tolerance depends on the quartz crystal tolerance, the capacitor tolerance and the device-to-device tolerance (on average ∆f ⁄ f = ± 5 × 10 –6 ). Average deviations of ±5 minutes per year can be easily achieved. 13.1.2 Method 2: OSCI trimmer Using the 32.768 kHz signal available after power-on at pin CLKOUT, fast setting of a trimmer is possible. 13.1.3 Method 3: OSCO output Direct measurement of OSCO out (allowing for test probe capacitance). PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 31 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 14. Package outline TSSOP8: plastic thin shrink small outline package; 8 leads; body width 3 mm D E SOT505-1 A X c y HE v M A Z 5 8 A2 pin 1 index (A3) A1 A θ Lp L 1 4 detail X e w M bp 0 2.5 5 mm scale DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions) UNIT A max. A1 A2 A3 bp c D(1) E(2) e HE L Lp v w y Z(1) θ mm 1.1 0.15 0.05 0.95 0.80 0.25 0.45 0.25 0.28 0.15 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.9 0.65 5.1 4.7 0.94 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.70 0.35 6° 0° Notes 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.15 mm maximum per side are not included. 2. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included. OUTLINE VERSION REFERENCES IEC JEDEC JEITA EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE 99-04-09 03-02-18 SOT505-1 Fig 28. Package outline SOT505-1 (TSSOP8) of PCA8565TS PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 32 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar HVSON10: plastic thermal enhanced very thin small outline package; no leads; 10 terminals; body 3 x 3 x 0.85 mm SOT650-1 0 1 2 mm scale X A B D A A1 E c detail X terminal 1 index area C e1 terminal 1 index area e 5 y y1 C v M C A B w M C b 1 L Eh 6 10 Dh DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions) UNIT A(1) max. A1 b c D(1) Dh E(1) Eh e e1 L v w y y1 mm 1 0.05 0.00 0.30 0.18 0.2 3.1 2.9 2.55 2.15 3.1 2.9 1.75 1.45 0.5 2 0.55 0.30 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.1 Note 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.075 mm maximum per side are not included. REFERENCES OUTLINE VERSION IEC JEDEC JEITA SOT650-1 --- MO-229 --- EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE 01-01-22 02-02-08 Fig 29. Package outline of SOT650-1 (HVSON10) of PCA8565BS PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 33 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 15. Soldering of SMD packages This text provides a very brief insight into a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in Application Note AN10365 “Surface mount reflow soldering description”. 15.1 Introduction to soldering Soldering is one of the most common methods through which packages are attached to Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), to form electrical circuits. The soldered joint provides both the mechanical and the electrical connection. There is no single soldering method that is ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and Surface Mount Devices (SMDs) are mixed on one printed wiring board; however, it is not suitable for fine pitch SMDs. Reflow soldering is ideal for the small pitches and high densities that come with increased miniaturization. 15.2 Wave and reflow soldering Wave soldering is a joining technology in which the joints are made by solder coming from a standing wave of liquid solder. The wave soldering process is suitable for the following: • Through-hole components • Leaded or leadless SMDs, which are glued to the surface of the printed circuit board Not all SMDs can be wave soldered. Packages with solder balls, and some leadless packages which have solder lands underneath the body, cannot be wave soldered. Also, leaded SMDs with leads having a pitch smaller than ~0.6 mm cannot be wave soldered, due to an increased probability of bridging. The reflow soldering process involves applying solder paste to a board, followed by component placement and exposure to a temperature profile. Leaded packages, packages with solder balls, and leadless packages are all reflow solderable. Key characteristics in both wave and reflow soldering are: • • • • • • Board specifications, including the board finish, solder masks and vias Package footprints, including solder thieves and orientation The moisture sensitivity level of the packages Package placement Inspection and repair Lead-free soldering versus SnPb soldering 15.3 Wave soldering Key characteristics in wave soldering are: • Process issues, such as application of adhesive and flux, clinching of leads, board transport, the solder wave parameters, and the time during which components are exposed to the wave • Solder bath specifications, including temperature and impurities PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 34 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 15.4 Reflow soldering Key characteristics in reflow soldering are: • Lead-free versus SnPb soldering; note that a lead-free reflow process usually leads to higher minimum peak temperatures (see Figure 30) than a SnPb process, thus reducing the process window • Solder paste printing issues including smearing, release, and adjusting the process window for a mix of large and small components on one board • Reflow temperature profile; this profile includes preheat, reflow (in which the board is heated to the peak temperature) and cooling down. It is imperative that the peak temperature is high enough for the solder to make reliable solder joints (a solder paste characteristic). In addition, the peak temperature must be low enough that the packages and/or boards are not damaged. The peak temperature of the package depends on package thickness and volume and is classified in accordance with Table 32 and 33 Table 32. SnPb eutectic process (from J-STD-020C) Package thickness (mm) Package reflow temperature (°C) Volume (mm3) < 350 ≥ 350 < 2.5 235 220 ≥ 2.5 220 220 Table 33. Lead-free process (from J-STD-020C) Package thickness (mm) Package reflow temperature (°C) Volume (mm3) < 350 350 to 2000 > 2000 < 1.6 260 260 260 1.6 to 2.5 260 250 245 > 2.5 250 245 245 Moisture sensitivity precautions, as indicated on the packing, must be respected at all times. Studies have shown that small packages reach higher temperatures during reflow soldering, see Figure 30. PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 35 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar maximum peak temperature = MSL limit, damage level temperature minimum peak temperature = minimum soldering temperature peak temperature time 001aac844 MSL: Moisture Sensitivity Level Fig 30. Temperature profiles for large and small components For further information on temperature profiles, refer to Application Note AN10365 “Surface mount reflow soldering description”. 16. Abbreviations Table 34. Abbreviations Acronym Description BCD Binary Coded Decimal CDM Charged-Device Model CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor HBM Human Body Model I2C Inter-Integrated Circuit IC Integrated Circuit MSB Most Significant Bit MSL Moisture Sensitivity Level PCB Printed-Circuit Board POR Power-On Reset RC Resistance and Capacitance RTC Real Time Clock SMD Surface Mount Device PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 36 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 17. Revision history Table 35. Revision history Document ID Release date Data sheet status Change notice Supersedes PCA8565_2 20090616 Product data sheet - PCA8565_1 Modifications • The format of this data sheet has been redesigned to comply with the new identity guidelines of NXP Semiconductors • • • • • • • Legal texts have been adapted to the new company name where appropriate Added HVSON10 package Added ESD and latch-up values Changed values in limiting values table from relative to absolute values Combined IDD1 to IDD3 values to one IDD value description with different conditions Added automotive compliant statement To gain a better understanding of the device – many parts of the data sheet have been rewritten – many new drawings have been added PCA8565_1 20030331 Product data PCA8565_2 Product data sheet - - © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 37 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 18. Legal information 18.1 Data sheet status Document status[1][2] Product status[3] Definition Objective [short] data sheet Development This document contains data from the objective specification for product development. Preliminary [short] data sheet Qualification This document contains data from the preliminary specification. Product [short] data sheet Production This document contains the product specification. [1] Please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design. [2] The term ‘short data sheet’ is explained in section “Definitions”. [3] The product status of device(s) described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple devices. The latest product status information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.nxp.com. 18.2 Definitions Draft — The document is a draft version only. The content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Short data sheet — A short data sheet is an extract from a full data sheet with the same product type number(s) and title. A short data sheet is intended for quick reference only and should not be relied upon to contain detailed and full information. For detailed and full information see the relevant full data sheet, which is available on request via the local NXP Semiconductors sales office. In case of any inconsistency or conflict with the short data sheet, the full data sheet shall prevail. 18.3 Disclaimers General — Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in medical, military, aircraft, space or life support equipment, nor in applications where failure or malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own risk. Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. Limiting values — Stress above one or more limiting values (as defined in the Absolute Maximum Ratings System of IEC 60134) may cause permanent damage to the device. Limiting values are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of this document is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Terms and conditions of sale — NXP Semiconductors products are sold subject to the general terms and conditions of commercial sale, as published at http://www.nxp.com/profile/terms, including those pertaining to warranty, intellectual property rights infringement and limitation of liability, unless explicitly otherwise agreed to in writing by NXP Semiconductors. In case of any inconsistency or conflict between information in this document and such terms and conditions, the latter will prevail. No offer to sell or license — Nothing in this document may be interpreted or construed as an offer to sell products that is open for acceptance or the grant, conveyance or implication of any license under any copyrights, patents or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Export control — This document as well as the item(s) described herein may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior authorization from national authorities. 18.4 Trademarks Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. I2C-bus — logo is a trademark of NXP B.V. 19. Contact information For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected] PCA8565_2 Product data sheet © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 16 June 2009 38 of 39 PCA8565 NXP Semiconductors Real time clock/calendar 20. Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7.1 7.2 8 9 9.1 9.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.6.1 9.6.2 9.7 9.7.1 9.8 9.8.1 9.8.2 9.8.3 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.5.1 10.5.2 10.5.3 11 12 12.1 12.2 General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Pinning information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Device protection diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Register overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Control registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Register Control_1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Register Control_2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Time and date registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Data flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Alarm function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Alarm registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Alarm flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Timer functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Register Timer_control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Interrupt output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Bits TF and AF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Bits TIE and AIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Countdown timer interrupts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Clock output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Voltage-low detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 External clock (EXT_CLK) test mode . . . . . . . 17 STOP bit function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Power-On Reset (POR) override . . . . . . . . . . 20 Characteristics of the I2C-bus. . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Bit transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 START and STOP conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 System configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Acknowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 I2C-bus protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Clock and calendar read/write cycles . . . . . . . 23 Interface watchdog timer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Limiting values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Static characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Dynamic characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 13 13.1 13.1.1 13.1.2 13.1.3 14 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 16 17 18 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 19 20 Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quartz frequency adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . Method 1: fixed OSCI capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . Method 2: OSCI trimmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Method 3: OSCO output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soldering of SMD packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction to soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wave and reflow soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wave soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reflow soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data sheet status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disclaimers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contact information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 31 31 31 31 32 34 34 34 34 35 36 37 38 38 38 38 38 38 39 Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section ‘Legal information’. © NXP B.V. 2009. All rights reserved. For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected] Date of release: 16 June 2009 Document identifier: PCA8565_2