APPLICATION NOTE
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
1. Abstract
The musical-scale sample program uses the following functions:
• Timer X (timer mode)
• Timer Z (programmable waveform generation mode)
• A-D converter (repeat mode)
2. Introduction
The example described in this application note is intended for use in the R8C/17 group of
microcomputers.
This program can also be used when operating other microcomputers within the R8C/Tiny, provided
they have the same SFR (Special Function Registers) as the R8C/17 microcomputers. However, since
it is possible that some functions of the R8C/Tiny series will have been altered for functional
enhancements, etc., please be sure to obtain the SFR header file from the Renesas Web site shown
below.
http://www.renesas.com/en/r8ctiny
Operation (1) The musical-scale sample program has the following two separate modes:
• Standby mode
• Musical scale output mode
SW4(INT0)
Key pressed
Standby mode
After reset
Musical scale output mode
(2) After reset, the microcomputer goes to standby mode.
(3) If SW4 (INT0) is pressed during standby mode, the microcomputer goes to musical scale
output mode.
(4) If SW4 (INT0) is pressed during musical scale output mode, the microcomputer goes to
standby mode.
(5) In musical scale output mode, the microcomputer outputs the tones of a diatonic scale
repeatedly from the buzzer in order of lower-key do → re → mi → fa → sol → la → si →
higher-key do → no sound (500 ms) → higher-key do → si → la → sol → fa → mi → re →
lower-key do → no sound (500 ms) → lower-key do → re → mi and so on.
(6) Tones of a diatonic scale are changed every second. The frequencies (Hz) of tones are
listed in Table 1.
Table 1:
Scale
Lower-key
do (C)
Higher-key
do (C)
587.32
659.25
698.45
783.98
880.00
987.76
1046.50
Frequency (Hz) 523.25
(7) The buzzer output duty cycle is determined based on the A-D value that is obtained as
valid data as described below in (9). The output sound volume changes as does the duty
cycle. The duty cycles are listed in Table 2.
Table 2:
re (D)
mi (E)
fa (F)
sol (G)
la (A)
si (B)
40-5F
60-7F
80-9F
A0-BF
C0-DF
E0-FF
Valid A-D value 00-1F 20-3F
25.00
33.75
42.50
50.00
56.25
62.50
68.75
75.00
Duty cycle (%)
(8) The analog input is converted to digital quantity by using a control (VR1). The A-D
input is taken into the device in repeat mode, with the P10/AN8 pin used for it.
(9) For the A-D input, the A-D converted value on P10/AN8 is sampled four times at 10 ms
intervals, the average value of which is obtained as valid data. The calculation method
is shown below.
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R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
1. Each sampled A-D value is added to the A-D work area.
2. When sampled four times, the value in the A-D work area has its 2 low-order bits
masked with 0.
3. The 8 high-order bits of the value in the A-D work area is made the average value.
(10) Key input is sampled at 10 ms intervals, and is confirmed to have been entered when
sampled low three times consecutively. (Chattering elimination)
(11) The key input SW4 (INT0) is active-low. (When low, the key is pressed; when high, not
pressed.)
(12) The LED indications during standby mode and musical scale output mode are listed in
Table 3.
Table 3:
LED1 (red)
LED2 (green)
LED3 (green)
LED4 (green)
During standby mode
On
Off
Off
Off
During musical scale
Off
Off
On
On
output mode
(13) The buzzer on/off signal is output from P13 (TZOUT) using timer-Z programmable
waveform mode.
(14) The timer Z register settings used for the buzzer output are listed in Tables 4.1 and 4.2.
(The set values in Tables 4.1 and 4.2 are set to be close to those in Tables 1 and 2.)
Table 4.1:
Scale
Prescaler Set time
Timer total
Output time (ms)
Output
value
(µs)
(tzpr + tzsc)
(tzpr + tzsc)
frequency (Hz)
Lower-key do (C)
60
24
80
1.92
520.8333
re (D)
53
21.2
80
1.696
589.6226
mi (E)
47
18.8
80
1.504
664.8936
fa (F)
45
18
80
1.44
694.4444
sol (G)
40
16
80
1.28
781.2500
la (A)
36
14.4
80
1.152
868.0556
si (B)
32
12.8
80
1.024
976.5625
Higher-key do (C) 30
12
80
0.96
1041.6667
Table 4.2:
Timer Z value/
A-D value range
Primary (tzpr)
Secondary (tzsc)
001F
20
60
203F
27
53
405F
34
46
607F
40
40
809F
45
35
A0BF
50
30
C0DF
55
25
E0FF
60
20
20406080A0C0E0Scale/A-D value range/ 001F
3F
5F
7F
9F
BF
DF
FF
output time ms
0.480
0.648
0.816
0.960
1.080
1.200
1.320
1.440
Lower-key do (C) tzpr
tzsc
1.440
1.272
1.104
0.960
0.840
0.720
0.600
0.480
Prescaler 48
tzpr
0.424
0.572
0.721
0.848
0.954
1.060
1.166
1.272
re (D)
tzsc
1.272
1.124
0.975
0.848
0.742
0.636
0.530
0.424
Prescaler 43
tzpr
0.376
0.508
0.639
0.752
0.846
0.940
1.034
1.128
mi (E)
tzsc
1.128
0.996
0.865
0.752
0.658
0.564
0.470
0.376
Prescaler 38
tzpr
0.360
0.486
0.612
0.720
0.810
0.900
0.990
1.080
fa (F)
tzsc
1.080
0.954
0.828
0.720
0.630
0.540
0.450
0.360
Prescaler 36
tzpr
0.320
0.432
0.544
0.640
0.720
0.800
0.880
0.960
sol (G)
tzsc
0.960
0.848
0.736
0.640
0.560
0.480
0.400
0.320
Prescaler 32
tzpr
0.288
0.389
0.490
0.576
0.648
0.720
0.792
0.864
la (A)
tzsc
0.864
0.763
0.662
0.576
0.504
0.432
0.360
0.288
Prescaler 28
tzpr
0.256
0.346
0.435
0.512
0.576
0.640
0.704
0.768
si (B)
tzsc
0.768
0.678
0.589
0.512
0.448
0.384
0.320
0.256
Prescaler 25
0.240
0.324
0.408
0.480
0.540
0.600
0.660
0.720
Higher-key do (C) tzpr
tzsc
0.720
0.636
0.552
0.480
0.420
0.360
0.300
0.240
Prescaler 24
(15) If the A-D value range varies during musical scale output, the registers are set up
newly again according to the new A-D value range.
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
3. About the Program
3.1 Timer X (Timer Mode)
The timer X (timer mode) is used to maintain a constant main loop period.
The set value of the timer X is shown below.
100 µs
Prescaler X
1/8
20MHz
Timer X
Set value = (100 – 1)
Set value = (250 – 1)
Main loop, 10 ms
Settings of the Timer X Mode Register
b7
b0
00001000
Timer X Mode Register [address 008B16] TXMR
Selects timer mode
INT1/CNTR0 polarity select bit
Timer X count start flag
Set to “1” when count starts
Set to “0” in timer mode.
Other than pulse period measurement mode
Set to “0” in timer mode.
Settings of the Timer Count Source Setup Register
b7
b0
00010001
Timer Count Source Setup Register [address 008E16] TCSS
Timer X count source
Set 01: 1/8
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
Timer Z count source
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
When the respective registers are set up as shown above, the timer X interrupt request bit is
cyclically set at 10 ms intervals.
Before the main processing, the program checks the timer X interrupt request bit to see if 10 ms has
elapsed.
If 10 ms has elapsed, the program clears the timer X interrupt request bit and executes the main
processing.
If 10 ms has not elapsed yet, the program waits until the timer X interrupt request bit is set.
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
3.2 Timer Z (Programmable Waveform Generation Mode)
The timer Z (programmable waveform generation mode) is used to sound a buzzer.
Musical scale output is accomplished by setting up the registers as shown below. The output level is
set by using the timer Z output level latch (TZOPL) in the Timer Z Waveform Output Control Register
(PUM). Setting the timer Z output level latch (TZOPL) to 0 causes the device to output a high during
the primary period, a low during the secondary period, and a low when the timer is inactive.
Settings of the Timer Z Waveform Output Control Register
b7
b0
00000000
Timer Z Waveform Output Control Register [address 008416] PUM
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
Timer Z output level latch
High during primary period, low during secondary period,
and low when the timer is inactive
INT0 pin one-shot trigger control bit
INT0 pin one-shot trigger polarity select bit
When the timer Z starts counting, the device outputs a high during the primary period and a low
during the secondary period from P13 (TZOUT), and when the timer Z stops counting, the device
outputs a low.
The timer Z set values are shown below.
See Table 4
20MHz
1/8
Prescaler Z
Timer Z primary
Set value = see Table 4
Set value = see Table 4
Buzzer output =
high, see Table 4
Timer Z secondary
Buzzer output =
Set value = see Table 4
low, see Table 4
* The prescaler value, timer Z primary value, and timer Z secondary value are changed depending on tones of a diatonic
scale. Please see Table 4.
Settings of the Timer Count Source Setup Register
b7
b0
00010001
Timer Count Source Setup Register [address 008E16] TCSS
Timer X count source
Set 01: 1/8
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
Timer Z count source
Set 01: 1/8
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
Settings of the Timer Z Mode Register
b7
b0
01010000
Timer Z Mode Register [address 008016] TZMR
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
01: Programmable waveform generation mode
Set to “1” in programmable waveform generation mode.
Timer Z count start flag
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
3.3 A-D Converter (Repeat Mode)
The musical-scale sample program uses the A-D converter in repeat mode.
The A-D register is read out synchronously with the main period (10 ms), and an average of four
reads is obtained as valid data. The valid A-D value is examined to determine one of the 8 divided
areas to which it belongs, and the data value of that area is set in the timer Z (timer Z
primary/secondary). That way, the duty cycle is set.
The analog input pin, resolution, operating clock, etc. are set by setting up the SFR (Special Function
Registers) shown below. For repeat mode, select 8 bits resolution.
A-D conversion begins at the same time the A-D conversion flag is set to “1”, and stops when the A-D
conversion flag is set to “0”.
Settings of A-D Control Register 0
b0
b7
10011100
A-D Control Register 0 [00D616] ADCON0
Analog input pin select bits Set 100: AN8
A-D mode select bit, “1” = repeat mode selected
Selects port P1 group (AN8–AN11)
Started by software trigger (ADST bit)
A-D conversion start flag, “1” = start
Frequency select bit, “1” = divided-by-2 fAD selected
Settings of A-D Control Register 1
b7
b0
00110000
A-D Control Register 1 [00D716] ADCON1
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
8/10 bit select bit, “0” = 8 bits selected. For repeat mode, select 8 bits resolution.
Frequency select bit 1, “1” = fAD selected
Vref connection bit, “1” = Vref connection selected
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
Settings of A-D Control Register 2
b7
b0
0 000
A-D Control Register 2 [00D416] ADCON2
A-D conversion method select bit, “0” = without sample-and-hold selected
Reserved bit. Set to “0”.
No functions assigned
3.4 Chattering Elimination
To protect the key input against chattering noise, SW4 is read multiple times to confirm that the
detected input levels are the same. In the musical-scale sample program, key input is sampled at 10
ms intervals, and is confirmed to have been entered when sampled low three times consecutively.
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
4. Flowchart
4.1 Initial Settings and Main Loop
Reset
asm("FCLR I");
prcr = 1;
; Disables interrupts
; Removes protection of the system control registers
cm13 = 1;
; XIN-XOUT pin
cm15 = 1;
; Selects XIN-XOUT drive capability; set to HIGH
cm05 = 0;
; Main clock oscillation
cm16 = 0;
; Main clock not divided
cm17 = 0;
;
cm06 = 0;
; Enables main clock division CM16, CM17
asm("nop");
; Wait until stabilizes
asm("nop");
; Wait until stabilizes
asm("nop");
; Wait until stabilizes
asm("nop");
; Wait until stabilizes
ocd2 = 0;
; Selects the main clock
prcr = 0;
; Protects the system control registers
Initialize SFR
SFR_INITIAL
; Initializes the SFR (port initialization and timer setup)
; Enables interrupts
asm("FSET I");
Main period elapsed (10 ms)?
Yes
ir_txic = 0;
Reset SFR
SFR_REF
Port output
PORT_OUT
Port input
PORT_IN
Mode processing
MODE_FUNC
Soft timer processing
No
; Wait for timer X request
; Clears the timer X request flag
; Refreshes the port direction register
; Sets the port for output (LED and buzzer)
; Sets the port for input (key input processing)
; Mode processing
(Mode processing within refresh mode)
; Soft timer (10 ms based timer value subtraction)
STIMER
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
4.2 SFR Initialization
sfr_init
p1 = 0x16;
; Initializes port P1
p4 = 0;
; Initializes port P4
tcss = 0x11;
prex = 250-1;
tx = 100-1;
txs = 1;
tzmr = 0x50;
pum = 0;
tzs = 0;
; Timer X = divided-by-8, timer Z = divided-by-8
; Prescaler X = 250
; Timer X = 100
; Timer X starts counting
; Timer Z mode = programmable waveform generation mode
; Primary period = high, secondary period = low, timer stopped = low
; Timer Z stops counting
adcon1 = 0x30;
; 8-bit A-D sampling
adcon0 = 0x9C;
; Selects divided-by-2 fAD and reads A-D0
adst = 1;
Refresh SFR
SFR_REF
; A-D sampling starts
; Refreshes the SFR
RTS
4.3 SFR Refresh
sfr_ref
pd1 = 0x1E;
; Initializes/refreshes the port P1 direction register
pd4 = 0;
; Initializes/refreshes the port P4 direction register
RTS
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
4.4 Port Output
port_out
No
mode = 0
p1 = 0x10;
Yes
; The red LED turns off and others
stay on
RTS
p1 = 0x06;
; The red LED turns on and others turn off
md_bz_down = 0;
; Buzzer output mode up-count
md_buzzer = 1;
; Initializes buzzer output mode
tm_buzzer = 0;
;
tzs = 0;
; Stops timer Z
RTS
; Timer Z prescaler value table:
bz_preztable[8] = {60,53,47,45,40,36,32,30};
Timer Z primary value table:
bz_tzsctable[8] = {20,27,34,40,45,50,55,60};
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
4.5 Port Input
port_in
ad_sum + ad;
ad_cnt + 1;
No
1
ad_cnt = 4
; Adds sampled A-D to the A-D work area
; Increments A-D sampling count by 1
; Checks whether A-D is sampled 4 times
Yes
ad_fix = ad_sum >>2;
; Deletes 2 low-order bits, 8 high-order bits effective
ad_cnt = 0;
; Clears A-D sampling count
ad_sum = 0;
; Clears A-D work area
i = 0;
i<8
; Clears checked count
; A-D area determination processing
No
Yes
adfunc_table[i] >= ad_fix
Yes
No
i + 1;
ad_level != i
Yes
ad_level = i;
No
; Determines whether to
change A-D area
; Changes A-D area
1
A-D threshold value table:
adfunc_table[8]=
{0x1F,0x3F,0x5F,0x7F,0x9F,0xBF,0xDF,0xFF};
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
1
i = 1;
SW4 = SW_ON
No
Yes
i = 0;
sw4_bit << 1;
sw4_bit | i;
sw4_bit & 7;
No
; Reserves storage in which to save the input data
; Saves the input data
; Deletes 5 high-order bits
sw4_bit = 0 | sw4_bit = 7
Yes
sw4_bit = 0
Yes
No
mode = 1 & fixsw4 = 1
No
Yes
mode = 0 & fixsw4 = 1
No
Yes
; Changes modes
mode = 0;
; Valid data = high
fixsw4 = 1;
fixsw4 = 0;
mode = 1;
; Valid data = low
RTS
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
4.6 Mode Processing
mode_func
mode = 0
Yes
No
mode = 1
No
mode = 0;
Yes
tzs = 0;
; Refreshes mode
; Stops timer Z
mode = 1;
tm_buzzer <= 0
No
RTS
Yes
md_buzzer = 0
Yes
No
md_bz_down = 0;
; Mode up-count
tm_buzzer = 50;
; No-sound timer 500 ms
tzs = 0;
md_buzzer = 9
Yes
md_bz_down = 1;
No
tm_buzzer = 50;
tzs = 0;
md_buzzer > 9
; Stops timer Z
; Mode down-count
; No-sound timer 500 ms
; Stops timer Z
No
tzs = 1;
; Resets mode
Yes
md_buzzer = 0;
tzs = 0;
; Stops timer Z
i = ad_level;
work = bz_tzsctable[i];
tzpr = work - 1;
work = 80 - work;
tzsc = work - 1;
i = md_buzzer - 1;
work = bz_preztable[i];
prez = work - 1;
tzs = 0;
tzs = 1;
tm_buzzer = 100;
2
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
2
md_bz_down = 0
; Checks mode up-count/down-count instruction
Yes
No
md_buzzer - 1;
md_buzzer = 0
md_buzzer + 1;
; Changes mode
No
Yes
md_buzzer = 0;
RTS
4.7 Soft Timer Processing
stimer
tm_buzzer != 0
No
; Checks for underflow
Yes
tm_buzzer - 1;
; Buzzer-on time = 0
RTS
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
5. Sample Program
/************************************************************************************
*
*
* File Name : ad_onkai.h
*
* Contents
: definition of R8C/17 Group SFR
*
* Copyright, 2004 RENESAS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
*
*
AND RENESAS SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
*
* Version
: 1.00
*
* note
:
*
*
*
************************************************************************************/
/* Definition of RAM area */
char mode
= 0;
/* Mode number */
char sw4_bit
= 0;
/* Input SW4 data */
char fixsw4
= 1;
/* Input SW4 Settlement data */
char ad_cnt
= 0;
/* Number of A-D value sampling */
char md_bz_down
= 0;
/* Buzzer output counting direction */
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
unsigned
int
int
int
int
int
md_buzzer = 0;
tm_buzzer = 0;
ad_fix
= 0;
ad_sum
= 0;
ad_level = 0;
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
Buzzer output mode */
Buzzer control timer */
A-D fixed data */
A-D calculation result data */
Output range */
/* A-D table */
unsigned int adfunc_table[8] = {0x1F,0x3F,0x5F,0x7F,0x9F,0xBF,0xDF,0xFF};
/* Prescaler Z table */
unsigned int bz_preztable[8] = {60,53,47,45,40,36,32,30};
/* timer Z secondary register table */
unsigned int bz_tzsctable[8] = {20,27,34,40,45,50,55,60};
/* Declaration of function prototype */
extern void sfr_init(void);
/* Initial setting of SFR registers */
extern void sfr_ref(void);
/* Refresh of SFR registers */
extern void port_out(void);
/* Port output */
extern void port_in(void);
/* Port input */
extern void mode_func(void);
/* Mode processing */
extern void stimer(void);
/* Software timer */
/* Definition of base section */
#define SW_ON
0
#define SW_OFF
1
#define LOW
0
#define HIGH
1
/* Definition of port
#define GREEN_LED2
#define GREEN_LED1
#define GREEN_LED0
#define RED_LED
#define SW3
#define SW4
#define BUZZER
*/
p1_1
p1_2
p1_3
p1_4
p1_0
p4_5
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
/************************************************************************************
*
*
* File Name : main.c
*
* Contents
: definition of R8C/17 Group SFR
*
* Copyright, 2004 RENESAS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
*
*
AND RENESAS SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
*
* Version
: 1.00
*
* note
:
*
*
*
************************************************************************************/
#include "sfr_r817.h"
/* Definition of the R8C/17 SFR */
#include "ad_onkai.h"
/* Definition of processing for the musical scale program
*/
main(){
asm("FCLR I");
prcr = 1;
cm13 = 1;
cm15 = 1;
cm05 = 0;
cm16 = 0;
cm17 = 0;
cm06 = 0;
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
asm("nop");
ocd2 = 0;
prcr = 0;
sfr_init();
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
Interrupt disable */
Protect off */
X-in X-out */
XCIN-XCOUT drive capacity select bit : HIGH */
X-in on */
Main clock = No division mode */
/* CM16 and CM17 enable */
/* Main clock change */
/* Protect on */
/* Initial setting of SFR registers */
while(1){
/* Main processing */
asm("FSET I");
/* Interrupt enable */
while(ir_txic == 0){} /* Main cycle 10ms */
ir_txic = 0;
sfr_ref();
/* Refresh of SFR registers */
port_out();
/* Port output */
port_in();
/* Port input */
mode_func();
/* Mode processing */
stimer();
/* Software timer */
}
}
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Sample Program: Musical Scales
/************************************************************************************
Name:
sfr_init
Parameters: None
Returns:
None
Description: Initial setting of SFR registers
************************************************************************************/
void sfr_init(void){
/* Setting port registers */
p1 = 0x16;
/* p17-14 = H(Led 4.3.2.1) p13 = L(Buzzer) */
p4 = 0;
tcss = 0x11;
/* division = X:1/8,Z:1/8 */
/* Setting main cycle timer */
/* 20MHz* 1/8 * 250 * 100 =10ms */
prex = 250 - 1;
/* Setting Prescaler X register */
tx = 100 - 1;
/* Setting timer X register */
txs = 1;
/* Timer X count start flag = start */
/* Setting Buzzer output timer */
tzmr = 0x50;
/* Timer Z mode = Programmable waveform generation mode */
pum = 0;
/* Timer Z waveform output control register */
tzs = 0;
/* Timer Z count start flag = stop */
/* A-D
adcon1
adcon0
adst =
operation mode = Repeat mode */
= 0x30;
/* 8/10-bit mode select bit = 8-bit mode */
= 0x9C;
/* fAD/2 and AN8 is selected */
1;
/* A-D conversion started */
sfr_ref();
}
/************************************************************************************
Name:
sfr_ref
Parameters: None
Returns:
None
Description: Refresh of SFR registers
************************************************************************************/
void sfr_ref(void){
/* Setting port direction registers */
pd1 = 0x1E;
pd4 = 0;
}
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 15 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
/************************************************************************************
Name:
port_out
Parameters: None
Returns:
None
Description: Port output
************************************************************************************/
void port_out(void){
if (mode == 0){
/* LED output processing */
p1 = 0x06;
/* Buzzer output processing */
md_bz_down = 0;
/* Buzzer output counting direction = increment counting */
md_buzzer = 1;
/* Buzzer output mode = C(1) */
tm_buzzer = 0;
/* Buzzer control timer = 1 second */
tzs = 0;
/* Timer Z stops Counting */
}else{
/* LED output processing */
p1 = 0x10;
}
}
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 16 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
/************************************************************************************
Name:
port_in
Parameters: None
Returns:
None
Description: Port input
************************************************************************************/
void port_in(void){
unsigned int i;
/* A-D input */
ad_sum = ad_sum + ad;
/* A-D calculation result data + picking A-D */
ad_cnt = ad_cnt + 1;
if (ad_cnt == 4){
/* Number of sampling become 4 */
ad_fix = ad_sum >> 2; /* 4 times shift to the right */
ad_cnt = 0;
/* picking A-D space clear */
ad_sum = 0;
/* A-D Range settlement processing */
i = 0;
while (i < 8){
/* Output range is settled */
if (adfunc_table[i] >= ad_fix){break;}
i = i + 1;
}
if (ad_level != i){
ad_level = i;
/* Chenge Output range */
}
}
/* Determination of input level SW4 */
i = 1;
if (SW4 == SW_ON)i = 0;
/* Now determination SW4 */
sw4_bit = sw4_bit << 1;
/* Check pulses matching a trigger input level 3 times */
sw4_bit = sw4_bit | i;
sw4_bit = sw4_bit & 7;
if (sw4_bit == 0 || sw4_bit == 7){ /* Determinate input SW4 */
if (sw4_bit == 0){
/* Mode change */
if (mode == 1 & fixsw4 == 1){
mode = 0;
/* Setting the standby mode */
}else{
if (mode == 0 & fixsw4 == 1){
mode = 1;
/* Setting the buzzer output mode */
}
}
fixsw4 = 0;
/* Input on */
}else{
fixsw4 = 1;
/* Input off */
}
}
}
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 17 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
/************************************************************************************
Name:
mode_func
Parameters: mode
Returns:
None
Description: Mode processing
************************************************************************************/
void mode_func(void){
unsigned int i,work;
switch(mode){
case 1:
mode = 1;/* Set mode of the buzzer output mode */
if (tm_buzzer <= 0){
/* Buzzer output mode change */
if (md_buzzer == 0){
tm_buzzer = 50;
/* Buzzer control timer = 0.5 second */
md_bz_down =0;/*Buzzer output counting direction=increment counting */
tzs = 0;
/* Timer Z stops Counting */
}else if (md_buzzer == 9){
tm_buzzer = 50;
/* buzzer control timer = 0.5 second */
md_bz_down =1;/*Buzzer output counting direction=decrement counting */
tzs = 0;
/* Timer Z stops Counting */
}else if (md_buzzer > 9){
md_buzzer = 0;
/* Buzzer output mode = clear */
tzs = 0;
/* Timer Z stops Counting */
}else{
/* output the musical scale now */
tzs = 1;
/* Timer Z starts Counting */
i = ad_level;
work = bz_tzsctable[i];
tzpr = work - 1;
/* setting of timer Z Primary register */
work = 80 - work;
tzsc = work - 1;
/* setting of timer Z secondary register */
i = md_buzzer - 1;
work = bz_preztable[i];
/* setting of Prescaler Z register */
prez = work - 1;
tzs = 0;
/* Timer Z stops Counting */
tzs = 1;
/* Timer Z starts Counting */
tm_buzzer = 100;
/* buzzer control timer = 1 second */
}
if (md_bz_down == 0){
/* increment counting action */
md_buzzer = md_buzzer + 1; /* increment counting of the timer */
}else{
/* decrement counting action */
md_buzzer = md_buzzer - 1; /* decrement counting the timer */
if (md_buzzer == 0){md_buzzer = 0;}
}
}
break;
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 18 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
default:
mode = 0;
tzs = 0;
break;
}
/* Set mode of the standby mode */
/* Timer Z count start flag = stop */
}
/************************************************************************************
Name:
stimer
Parameters: None
Returns:
None
Description: Software timer
************************************************************************************/
void stimer(void){
/* Countdown of buzzer control timer */
if (tm_buzzer != 0){tm_buzzer = tm_buzzer - 1;}
}
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 19 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
6.
Reference Documents
Datasheet
R8C/Tiny Series Datasheet
( For the most current version, please visit Renesas Technology Home Page )
Hardware Manual
R8C/Tiny Series Hardware Manual
( For the most current version, please visit Renesas Technology Home Page )
7. Home Page and Support Information Window
Renesas Technology Home Page
http://www.renesas.com/
M16C Family MCU Technical Support Information Window
[email protected]
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 20 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
REVISION HISTORY
Rev.
Date
Page
1.00
2.00
Sep 09, 2003
Jul 1, 2004
ALL
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
Description
Summary
First edition issued
For R8C/Tiny Series
July 2004
Page 21 of 22
R8C/Tiny Series
Sample Program: Musical Scales
Keep safety first in your circuit designs!
Notes regarding these materials
Keep safety first in your circuit designs!
1. Renesas Technology Corporation puts the maximum effort into making semiconductor products
better and more reliable, but there is always the possibility that trouble may occur with them. Trouble
with semiconductors may lead to personal injury, fire or property damage.
Remember to give due consideration to safety when making your circuit designs, with appropriate
measures such as (i) placement of substitutive, auxiliary circuits, (ii) use of nonflammable material or
(iii) prevention against any malfunction or mishap.
Notes regarding these materials
1. These materials are intended as a reference to assist our customers in the selection of the Renesas
Technology Corporation product best suited to the customer's application; they do not convey any
license under any intellectual property rights, or any other rights, belonging to Renesas Technology
Corporation or a third party.
2. Renesas Technology Corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, or infringement of any
third-party's rights, originating in the use of any product data, diagrams, charts, programs,
algorithms, or circuit application examples contained in these materials.
3. All information contained in these materials, including product data, diagrams, charts, programs and
algorithms represents information on products at the time of publication of these materials, and are
subject to change by Renesas Technology Corporation without notice due to product improvements
or other reasons. It is therefore recommended that customers contact Renesas Technology
Corporation or an authorized Renesas Technology Corporation product distributor for the latest
product information before purchasing a product listed herein.
The information described here may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors.
Renesas Technology Corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, liability, or other loss
rising from these inaccuracies or errors.
Please also pay attention to information published by Renesas Technology Corporation by various
means, including the Renesas Technology Corporation Semiconductor home page
(http://www.renesas.com).
4. When using any or all of the information contained in these materials, including product data,
diagrams, charts, programs, and algorithms, please be sure to evaluate all information as a total
system before making a final decision on the applicability of the information and products. Renesas
Technology Corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, liability or other loss resulting
from the information contained herein.
5. Renesas Technology Corporation semiconductors are not designed or manufactured for use in a
device or system that is used under circumstances in which human life is potentially at stake.
Please contact Renesas Technology Corporation or an authorized Renesas Technology Corporation
product distributor when considering the use of a product contained herein for any specific
purposes, such as apparatus or systems for transportation, vehicular, medical, aerospace, nuclear,
or undersea repeater use.
6. The prior written approval of Renesas Technology Corporation is necessary to reprint or reproduce
in whole or in part these materials.
7. If these products or technologies are subject to the Japanese export control restrictions, they must
be exported under a license from the Japanese government and cannot be imported into a country
other than the approved destination.
Any diversion or reexport contrary to the export control laws and regulations of Japan and/or the
country of destination is prohibited.
8. Please contact Renesas Technology Corporation for further details on these materials or the
products contained therein.
REJ05B0273-0200Z/Rev.2.00
July 2004
Page 22 of 22