AP1694AEV11 User Guide 230VAC Triac Dimmable GU10 LED Driver General Description This AP1694A Triac Dimmable GU10 12V/400mA Buck LEDs driver EV board use tapped transformer to increasing power conversion turn on duty cycle, boost current back to LED during ratio of tapped winding. Also the bigger gauge wire can be used as well as the large inductance can be suitable in switching loop which can reduce the switching current and the lower forward drop so that SBR diode can be used which can reduce the power consumption on the diodes. Key Features Typical 3% to 95% Dimming performance (Depends on dimmers brands) Boundary conductive switching mode Simple adjustable Constant Current Inductor Short Protection Low BOM cost PFC >0.9 & low THD. 200 ~265VAC input range >77% Efficiency With open, short, and wrong polarity LED protection AP1694A EV11 Specifications Parameter Value Input Voltage PFC LED Current LED Voltage Efficiency Number of LEDs 200 to 265VAC > 0.9 400mA (Adjustable) 12V >77% 4 LEDs in series (Under Tested) 28.5 x 16.5 x 14.5mm Yes XYZ Dimension ROHS Compliance Evaluation Board Figure 1: Top View Applications GU10 LED Offline small size bulb Candle size LED lamp Desktop lamps Under the counter lamps AP1694AEV11 Rev2 July 2015 www.diodes.com Figure 2: Bottom View Connection Instructions Input Voltage: 230VAC (AC+, AC‐) LED Outputs: LED+ (Red), LED‐ (Black) Page 1 of 10 AP1694AEV11 User Guide 230VAC Triac Dimmable GU10 LED Driver WHY USE DIODES TAPPED TRANSFORM STRUCTURE The traditional Buck converter turn on time is inverse proportion with input voltage. Vo = D x Vin. The duty cycle will be getting smaller when the input voltage goes higher. Example: Vo=12V, Vin= 120VAC, Fs= 75kHz. D= Vo/Vin * = 12V/120V * 1.414 = 0.07 Ton=D/Fs = 0.07/ 75kHz =0.933µs. T=1/Fs =13.33µs Since the Ton time is too short in the duty cycle; therefore there is not enough current passing through the LEDs and charging the inductor. In result, it caused the efficiency to be lower. In order to solve this issue ‐ use the Diodes tapped transformer to boost the output current & increase the Ton time in the duty cycle. With the “new tapped” transformer, the Duty cycle will be: D is original duty cycle = Vo/Vin*1.414, n = NA+Np/NA & L = Lp + LA, Vo/Vin = D’/(D’ +n(1‐D’)), If NA=40Ts, Np=100Ts, n=3.5 D’ = nVo/(Vin+(n‐1)Vo) = 0.21 The duty cycle almost increased by 3 times. The Efficiency will increase about 4 to 5% (before the Efficiency was about 72% now is 77%) comparing with the “none tapped” transformer. AP1694AEV11 Rev2 July 2015 www.diodes.com Page 2 of 10 AP1694AEV11 User Guide 230VAC Triac Dimmable GU10 LED Driver DIODES TAPPED TRANSFORMER DESIGN AP1694A 230VAC Buck tapped 12V 400mA Transformer Spec 1) Bobbin EEP10 4+4 pin 1 WD2: Primary 30#*1, 60Ts 6 6 WD1: P r i m a r y 2 WD3: Auxiliary 36#1, 111Ts 36#*1, 1 2 0 Ts 7 5 2) Transformer Parameters 1. Primary Inductance (Pin1‐Pin7, all other windings are open) Lp = 1.5mH ± 5%@1kHz 2. Primary Winding Turns: NP=120Ts (Pin7‐Pin6) + 60Ts (Pin 6 to Pin 1) 3. Auxiliary Winding Turns (Pin2‐ Pin5): NA= 111Ts (Pin 2 to Pin 5) 3) Transformer Winding Construction Diagram Winding Number Windings Winding Specification 2 WD1‐Primary Winding WD2‐Primary Winding Insulation 3 WD3‐Auxiliary Winding Start at Pin 2, wind 111 turns of single Φ36# wire and finish on Pin 5. 4 Insulation 2 Layers of insulation tape 1 AP1694AEV11 Rev2 July 2015 www.diodes.com Start at Pin 7, wind 120 turns of single Φ34# wire and finish on Pin 6. Start at Pin 6, wind 60 turns of single Φ30# wire and finish on Pin 1. 2 Layers of insulation tape Page 3 of 10 AP1694AEV11 User Guide 230VAC Triac Dimmable GU10 LED Driver Evaluation Board Schematic Figure 3: Evaluation Board Schematic Evaluation Board Layout Figure 4: PCB Board Layout Top View Figure 5: PCB Board Layout Bottom View Quick Start Guide 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. By default, the evaluation board is preset at 400mA LED Current adjustment by R10//R11. Ensure that the AC source is switched OFF or disconnected. Connect the AC line wires of power supply to “AC+ and AC‐” on the left side of the board. Connect the anode wire of external LED string to LED+ output test point. Connect the cathode wire of external LED string to LED‐ output test point. Turn on the main switch. LED string should light up. AP1694AEV11 Rev2 July 2015 www.diodes.com Page 4 of 10 AP1694AEV11 User Guide 230VAC Triac Dimmable GU10 LED Driver Bill of Material # Name QTY Part number Manufacturer Description 1 U1 1 AP1694AS‐13 Diodes Inc LED Driver, SO7 2 T1 1 EL1004R Elite Electronics EE10, Transformer 3 BD1 1 HD06‐T Diodes Inc Bridge Rectifiers 0.8A 600V 4 D1 1 DFLF1800‐7 Diodes Inc Rectifier 1A/800V 5 D2 1 B1100B Diodes Inc Rectifier 1A/100V 6 D3 1 MMSZ5250B‐7‐F Diodes Inc Zener Diode, 20V 7 F1 1 C1Q1 Bel Fuse Fuse, 1A/125V 8 Q1 1 AOU3N60 Alpha Omega MOSFET N‐CH 600V 3A IPAK 9 Q2 1 FMMT458 Diodes Inc MOSFET N‐CH 400V 0.2A SOT‐23 10 1 LPS6235‐565MRB Coilcraft 5.6mH/150mA 11 L1 C1A, C1B, C2 C1210X104K501T Holystone CAP CER 1210 0.1µF 500V X7R 12 C3 GMK316BJ106KL‐T Taiyo Yuden CAP CER 10µF 35V X5R 1206 13 C4 EEU‐FR1E331B Panasonic CAP 330µF/25V (8 x 13mm) 14 C6 CAP CER 1206 0.068µF 500V X7R R1 C1206X0683K501T RC0805FR‐077K5L Holystone 15 R2 FMP100JR‐52‐330 Yageo America Yageo America RES 7.5KΩ 1/8W 1% 0805 SMD 16 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 9T12062A4703FBHFT Yageo America RES 330Ω 1W 5% FMP100 RES 470KΩ 1/8W 1% 1206 SMD RC1206FR‐075K1L Yageo America RES 5.1KΩ 1/8W 1% 1206 SMD RC0805FR‐0715KL Yageo America RES 15.0KΩ 1/8W 1% 0805 SMD RC0805JR‐0722RL Yageo America RES 22Ω 1/8W 1% 0805 SMD RC0805FR‐0711KL Yageo America RES 11.0KΩ 1/8W 1% 0805 SMD RC0805FR‐0756KL Yageo America RES 75KΩ 1/8W 1% 0805 SMD RC0805FR‐071K5L Yageo America RES 1.5KΩ 1/8W 1% 0805 SMD MCR10ERTFL4R02 Rohm RES 4.02Ω 1/8W 1% 0805 SMD RC1206FR‐075K1L Yageo America RES 5.1KΩ 1/8W 1% 1206 SMD RC0805FR‐0730K0L Yageo America RES 30KΩ 1/8W 1% 0805 SMD RC0603JR‐0710KL Yageo America RES 10KΩ 1/8W 1% 0603 SMD FMP100JR‐52‐680 Yageo America RES 68Ω 1W 1% FMP MOV‐07D431KTR Bournes MOV, 275VAC 17 R3A, R3B 18 R4 19 R5 20 R6 21 R7 22 R8 23 R9 24 R10, R11 25 R12 26 R13 27 R14 28 Rf 29 Rm AP1694AEV11 Rev2 July 2015 www.diodes.com Page 5 of 10 AP1694AEV11 User Guide 230VAC Triac Dimmable GU10 LED Driver Functional Performance Manuf Board Type VIN (VAC) PFC PIN (W) VLED (V) ILED (mA) PLED (W) ILED (%) Efficiency (%) Athd (%) Diodes Inc AP1694AEV11 Module Board 200 0.918 6.03 11.32 406.0 4.60 1.50 76.22 22.0 210 0.911 6.04 11.31 407.0 4.60 1.75 76.19 22.0 220 0.903 6.05 11.29 408.9 4.62 2.22 76.31 23.0 230 0.900 6.08 11.28 410.0 4.62 2.50 76.03 24.0 240 0.889 6.10 11.27 411.0 4.63 2.75 75.93 25.0 250 0.881 6.12 11.26 412.0 4.64 3.00 75.78 25.0 265 0.872 6.15 11.25 413.5 4.65 3.38 75.65 26.0 Functional Performance LED Current (mA) vs Vin (VAC) AP1694AEV11 82 450 80 430 LED Current [mA] Efficiency [%] Efficiency (%) vs Vin (VAC) 78 76 74 72 410 390 370 350 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 190 200 210 220 Vin [VAC] 230 240 250 260 270 Vin [VAC] Figure 5. Efficiency vs. Vin Figure 6. LED Current vs. Vin LED Current (%) vs Vin (VAC) PFC vs Vin (VAC) AP1694AEV11 AP1694AEV11 1.00 4 0.80 3 0.60 PFC LED Current [%] AP1694AEV11 2 0.40 1 0.20 0 0.00 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 190 200 210 Vin [VAC] Figure 7. LED Current Line Regulation AP1694AEV11 Rev2 July 2015 www.diodes.com 220 230 240 250 260 Vin [VAC] Figure 8. PFC vs. Vin Page 6 of 10 270 AP1694AEV11 User Guide 230VAC Triac Dimmable GU10 LED Driver Performance Waveforms All of the Channel 1 (VIN) measurement used a 100:1 probe shown in a 2V/division scale. Figure 9. Turn on time (20mS) at 230VAC input Figure 11. Input AC voltage vs. output current Figure 10. Output Voltage & Current at 230VAC Figure 12. Input AC voltage vs. input AC current Figure 13. LED open protection AP1694AEV11 Rev2 July 2015 www.diodes.com Page 7 of 10 AP1694AEV11 User Guide 230VAC Triac Dimmable GU10 LED Driver AP1694AEV11 with Panasonic 230VAC dimmer test data V after 230VAC Dimmer Vin (VAC) dimmer Arms (mA) Pin(W) Panasonic 230V AC 40.53 5.802 223.6 (Model # WMS549, 400W) 211.5 46.51 5.774 51.16 5.614 55.06 5.457 91.68 5.175 158.1 93.72 5.036 94.25 4.848 94.22 4.617 95.19 4.417 108.8 95.36 4.136 94.85 3.895 94.33 3.626 92.53 3.261 61.0 88.27 2.860 84.88 2.418 81.97 2.052 25.3 77.99 1.610 40.49 1.351 PFC (in) THD(%) 0.640 0.540 0.475 0.437 0.245 0.236 0.222 0.213 0.201 0.190 0.179 0.168 0.153 0.141 0.125 0.109 0.090 0.145 29.15 55.40 45.56 46.50 46.78 53.50 54.53 56.55 63.70 79.22 96.77 95.40 97.99 114.50 129.90 157.60 168.70 185.21 Vout (V) Iled (mA) Pout (W) 11.137 11.089 11.045 11.008 10.957 10.919 10.886 10.848 10.814 10.775 10.738 10.709 10.701 10.649 10.593 10.521 10.450 10.422 367.90 348.20 330.60 308.40 281.90 260.10 241.30 220.30 199.94 179.08 159.27 141.01 119.35 100.38 81.47 59.61 41.53 35.98 4.0973 3.8612 3.6515 3.3949 3.0888 2.8400 2.6268 2.3898 2.1622 1.9296 1.7102 1.5101 1.2772 1.0689 0.8630 0.6272 0.4340 0.3750 Dimming Eff (%) range (%) Flicker? 70.62 66.87 65.04 62.21 59.69 56.39 54.18 51.76 48.95 46.65 43.91 41.65 39.16 37.38 35.69 30.56 26.96 27.76 100.00 94.65 89.86 83.83 76.62 70.70 65.59 59.88 54.35 48.68 43.29 38.33 32.44 27.28 22.14 16.20 11.29 9.78 Note: = No Flicker EMC test result Conductive emission noise level (Pass with 15db margin) AP1694AEV11 Rev2 July 2015 www.diodes.com Page 8 of 10 AP1694AEV11 User Guide 230VAC Triac Dimmable GU10 LED Driver Radiated emission noise level (Pass, please zoom in to see the green mark) Note: Green color data are after VQP, will be 5db down than normal AP1694AEV11 Rev2 July 2015 www.diodes.com Page 9 of 10 AP1694AEV11 User Guide 230VAC Triac Dimmable GU10 LED Driver IMPORTANT NOTICE DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARDS TO THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION). 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