RoHS Compliant Serial ATA Flash Drive SAFD25M4 Product Specifications June 13th, 2013 Version 1.5 Apacer Technology Inc. Apacer Technology Inc. 9/F, th No. 100, Hsin Tai Wu Rd., Hsichih, Taipei Hsien 221, Taiwan 4 Fl., 75 Hsin Tai Wu Rd., Sec.1, Xizhi, New Taipei City, Taiwan 221 Tel: +886-2-2696-1666 Fax: +886-2-2696-1668 Tel: +886-2-2698-2888 Fax: +886-2-2698-2889 www.apacer.com www.apacer.com Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX Features: Standard Serial ATA Revision 2.6 – Serial ATA Revision 2.6 – SATA 3.0 Gbps – ATA-compatible command set – ATA modes support Capacities – 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 GB Endurance – 4GB: 320 TBW – 8GB: 640 TBW – 16GB: 1,280 TBW – 32GB: 2,560 TBW – 64GB: 5,130 TBW Performance* – Burst read/write: 300 MB/sec – Sustained read: up to 165 MB/sec – Sustained write: up to 150 MB/sec Temperature ranges – Operation: 0°C to 70°C (32 ~ 158°F) – Extended: -40°C to 85°C (-40° ~ 185°F) – Storage: -40°C to 100°C (-40° ~ 212°F) Supply voltage – 5.0 V 5% Power consumption (typical)* – Active mode: 335 mA – Idle mode: 95 mA Form factor – 2.5 inch” (70.00 x 48.66 x 9.25**, unit: mm) Connector – 7-pin SATA signal connector – 15-pin SATA power connector Shock & Vibration*** – Shock: 1500 G – Vibration: 15 G RoHS Recast compliant (2011/65/EU) Write Protect (optional) – Enabled by onboard hardware switch Intelligent endurance design – Built-in hardware ECC, enabling up to 16/24 bit correction per 1K bytes – Static wear-leveling scheme together with dynamical block allocation to significantly increase the lifetime of a flash device and optimize the disk performance – Flash bad-block management – S.M.A.R.T. – Power Failure Management – ATA Secure Erase – TRIM NAND Flash Type: SLC ± *Varies from capacities. The values addressed for Performance and Power consumptions are typical and may vary depending on settings and platforms. **Including the width of the side brackets. Please “Physical Characteristics” for details. ***Non-operating Notes about TBW: TBW is the abbreviation of Terabytes Written and it serves as an endurance indicator, though results may change due to external factors in real world applications. 1 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX Table of Contents 1. Product Description ................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................3 1.2 Functional Block Diagram..........................................................................................................................3 1.3 ATA Mode Support ....................................................................................................................................4 1.4 Capacity Specification.................................................................................................................................4 1.5 Performance.................................................................................................................................................4 1.6 Pin Assignments ..........................................................................................................................................5 2. Software Interface .................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Command Set ..............................................................................................................................................7 2.2 S.M.A.R.T.......................................................................................................................................................7 3. Flash Management ................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Error Correction/Detection ........................................................................................................................8 3.2 Bad Block Management..............................................................................................................................8 3.3 Wear Leveling..............................................................................................................................................8 3.4 Power Failure Management .......................................................................................................................8 3.5 ATA Secure Erase .......................................................................................................................................8 3.6 TRIM............................................................................................................................................................9 4. Environmental Specifications ............................................................................... 10 4.1 Environments.............................................................................................................................................10 4.2 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)....................................................................................................10 4.3 Certification and Compliance ..................................................................................................................10 4.4 Endurance ...................................................................................................................................................10 5. Electrical Characteristics ...................................................................................... 12 5.1 Operating Voltage .....................................................................................................................................12 5.2 Power Consumption..................................................................................................................................12 6. Physical Characteristics........................................................................................ 13 6.1 Dimensions .................................................................................................................................................13 6.2 Write Protect Switch (optional).................................................................................................................14 7. Product Ordering Information ............................................................................... 15 7.1 Product Code Designations ......................................................................................................................15 7.2 Valid Combinations...................................................................................................................................16 2 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 1. Product Description 1.1 Introduction Apacer’s Serial ATA Flash Drive (SAFD) is a non-volatile SATA solid-state drive (SSD) that serves as the ideal boot drive or mass storage device. Compliant with SATA 3.0 Gbps standard, the drive conforms to most mainstream host system platforms with SATA-compliant interfaces, making it the primary storage solution for replacing traditional hard disk drive. SAFD 25M4 drive is designed with a powerful controller, offering capacities of up to 64 gigabytes and providing full support for the SATA 3.0 Gbps high-speed interface standard. It can operate at sustained access rates up to 165 megabytes per second, while power consumption remains at minimal level. Regarding data integrity and memory efficiency, the controller unit of the device handles wear leveling, ECC, bad block management and power management in urgent situations. In addition, SAFD 25M4 adopts the global wear-leveling scheme to allow uniform use of all storage blocks, ensuring that the lifespan of a flash media can be significantly increased and the disk performance is optimized as well. SAFD 25M4 provides the S.M.A.R.T. feature that follows the SATA Rev. 2.6, ATA/ATAPI specifications and uses the standard SMART command B0h to read data from the drive. This feature protects the user from unscheduled downtime by monitoring and storing critical drive performance. 1.2 Functional Block Diagram SAFD25M4 drive includes a single-chip SATA Controller and the flash media, as well as the SATA standard interface. The controller integrates the flash management unit with the controller itself to support multi-channel, multi-bank flash arrays. Figure 1-1 shows the functional block diagram. Figure 1-1 Apacer SAFD25M4 block diagram 3 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 1.3 ATA Mode Support SAFD25M4 provides ATA mode support as follows: 1.4 Up to PIO mode-4 Up to Multiword DMA mode-2 Up to UDMA mode-5 Capacity Specification Capacity specification of SAFD25M4 product family is available as shown in Table 1-1. It lists the specific capacity, the default numbers of logical cylinders and heads, and the number of logical sectors per track for each product line. Table 1-1 Capacity specification Capacity Total Bytes* Cylinders Heads Sectors Max LBA* 4 GB 4,011,614,208 7,773 16 63 7,835,184 8 GB 8,012,390,400 15,525 16 63 15,649,200 16 GB 16,013,942,784 16,383 16 63 31,277,232 32 GB 32,017,047,552 16,383 16 63 62,533,296 64 GB 64,023,257,088 16,383 16 63 125,045,424 *Display of total bytes varies from file systems. **Cylinders, heads or sectors are not applicable for these capacities. Only LBA addressing applies. LBA count addressed in the table above indicates total user storage capacity and will remain the same throughout the lifespan of the device. However, the total usable capacity of the SSD is most likely to be less than the total physical capacity because a small portion of the capacity is reserved for device maintenance usages. 1.5 Performance Performance of SAFD25M4 is shown in Table 1-2. Table 1-2 Performance specification Capacity Performance Sustained Read (MB/s) Sustained Write (MB/s) 4 GB 8 GB 16 GB 32 GB 64 GB 145 155 155 160 165 50 105 105 145 150 Note: Performance varies from flash configurations or host system settings. 4 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 1.6 Pin Assignments Table 1-3 describes the SAFD signal segment, and Table1-4, power segment. Figure 1-2 SATA Connectors Table 1-3: Signal segment Name Type S1 GND S2 RxP + Differential Receive Signal S3 RxN - Differential Receive Signal S4 GND S5 TxN S6 TxP S7 GND Table 1-4: Power segment Description Pin Signal/Description P1 Unused (3.3V) P2 Unused (3.3V) P3 Unused (3.3V) P4 Ground - Differential Transmit Signal P5 Ground + Differential Transmit Signal P6 Ground P7 5V P8 5V P9 5V P10 Ground P11 Reserved/Ground P12 Ground P13 Unused (12V) P14 Unused (12V) P15 Unused (12V) 5 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX Figure 1-3 SATA Cable/Connector Connection Diagram The connector on the left represents the Host with TX/RX differential pairs connected to a cable. The connector on the right shows the Device with TX/RX differential pairs also connected to the cable. Notice also the ground path connecting the shielding of the cable to the Cable Receptacle. 6 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 2. Software Interface 2.1 Command Set Table 2-1 summarizes the ATA commands supported by SAFD25M4. Table 2-1: Command set Code Command Code Command E5h Check Power Mode F3h Security Erase Prepare 06h Data Set Management F4h Security Erase Unit 90h Execute Device Diagnostic F5h Security Freeze Lock E7h Flush Cache F1h Security Set Password EAh Flush Cache EXT F2h Security Unlock Ech Identify Device 70h Seek E3h Idle Efh Set Features E1h Idle Immediate C6h Set Multiple Mode 91h Initialize Device Parameters E6h Sleep C8h Read DMA B0h SMART 25h Read DMA EXT E2h Standby C4h Read Multiple E0h Standby Immediate 29h Read Multiple EXT Cah Write DMA 20h Read Sector 35h Write DMA EXT 24h Read Sector EXT C5h Write Multiple 40h Read Verify Sectors 39h Write Multiple EXT 42h Read Verify Sectors EXT 30h Write Sector 10h Recalibrate 34h Write Sector EXT F6h Security Disable Password 2.2 S.M.A.R.T. S.M.A.R.T. is an abbreviation for Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology, a self-monitoring system that provides indicators of drive health as well as potential disk problems. It serves as a warning for users from unscheduled downtime by monitoring and displaying critical drive information. Ideally, this should allow taking proactive actions to prevent drive failure and make use of S.M.A.R.T. information for future product development reference. Apacer devices use the standard SMART command B0h to read data out from the drive to activate our S.M.A.R.T. feature that complies with the ATA/ATAPI specifications. S.M.A.R.T. Attribute IDs shall include initial bad block count, total later bad block count, maximum erase count, average erase count, power on hours and power cycle. When the S.M.A.R.T. Utility running on the host, it analyzes and reports the disk status to the host before the device reaches in critical condition. Note: attribute IDs may vary from product models due to various solution design and supporting capabilities. 7 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 3. Flash Management 3.1 Error Correction/Detection SAFD25M4 implements a hardware ECC scheme, based on the BCH algorithm. It can detect and correct up to 16 bits or 24 bits error in 1K bytes. 3.2 Bad Block Management Current production technology is unable to guarantee total reliability of NAND flash memory array. When a flash memory device leaves factory, it comes with a minimal number of initial bad blocks during production or out-of-factory as there is no currently known technology that produce flash chips free of bad blocks. In addition, bad blocks may develop during program/erase cycles. When host performs program/erase command on a block, bad block may appear in Status Register. Since bad blocks are inevitable, the solution is to keep them in control. Apacer flash devices are programmed with ECC, block mapping technique and S.M.A.R.T to reduce invalidity or error. Once bad blocks are detected, data in those blocks will be transferred to free blocks and error will be corrected by designated algorithms. 3.3 Wear Leveling Flash memory devices differ from Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) in terms of how blocks are utilized. For HDDs, when a change is made to stored data, like erase or update, the controller mechanism on HDDs will perform overwrites on blocks. Unlike HDDs, flash blocks cannot be overwritten and each P/E cycle wears down the lifespan of blocks gradually. Repeatedly program/erase cycles performed on the same memory cells will eventually cause some blocks to age faster than others. This would bring flash storages to their end of service term sooner. Wear leveling is an important mechanism that level out the wearing of blocks so that the wearing-down of blocks can be almost evenly distributed. This will increase the lifespan of SSDs. Commonly used wear leveling types are Static and Dynamic. 3.4 Power Failure Management Power Failure Management plays a crucial role when experiencing unstable power supply. Power disruption may occur when users are storing data into the SSD. In this urgent situation, the controller would run multiple write-to-flash cycles to store the metadata for later block rebuilding. This urgent operation requires about several milliseconds to get it done. At the next power up, the firmware will perform a status tracking to retrieve the mapping table and resume previously programmed NAND blocks to check if there is any incompleteness of transmission. 3.5 ATA Secure Erase ATA Secure Erase is an ATA disk purging command currently embedded in most of the storage drives. Defined in ATA specifications, (ATA) Secure Erase is part of Security Feature Set that allows storage drives to erase all user data areas. The erase process usually runs on the firmware level as most of the ATA-based storage media currently in the market are built-in with this command. ATA Secure Erase can securely wipe out the user data in the drive and protects it from malicious attack. 8 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 3.6 TRIM TRIM, though in capital letters usually, is a memory computation command rather than an abbreviation. It is mainly a SATA command that enables the operating system to inform the SSD (Solid State Drive) which blocks of previously stored data are no longer valid, due to erases by the host or operating system, such as file deletions or disk formatting. Once notified, SSD will begin the discard of the invalid LBAs and retain more space for itself, in fact, the discarded is no longer recoverable. When an LBA is replaced by the operating system, as with overwrite of a file, the SSD is informed that the originally occupied LBA is determined as no longer in use or invalid. The SSD will not save those blocks in garbage collected sectors. Noticeably, a file deletion command by host or operating system never actually erases the actual content, rather, just the file is marked as deleted. This issue is even specifically noticeable for flash based memory devices, such as SSDs. In fact, an SSD will keep garbage collecting the invalid, previously occupied LBAs, if it is not informed that these LBAs can be erased. Thus, the SSD would experience a significant performance downfall. 9 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 4. Environmental Specifications 4.1 Environments SAFD25M4 environmental specifications follow the US Military Standard MIL-STD-810F Table 4-1 SAFD25M4 environmental specifications Environment Specification 0°C to 70°C (Operating – Standard), -40°C to 85°C (operating-extended) Temperature -40°C to 100°C (Non-operating) Non-operating: Sine wave, 10~2000(Hz), 15(G), X, Y, Z axis Operating: Random, 20~2000(Hz), 7.69 G rms, X, Y, Z axis Non-operating: Half sine wave 1500 (G), ±X, ±Y, ±Z axis Operating: Half sine wave, 50 (G), ±X, ±Y, ±Z axis Vibration Shock 4.2 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) is predicted based on reliability data for the individual components in SAFD drive. The prediction result for the SAFD25M4 is more than 2,000,000 hours. Notes about MTBF: The prediction is based on Bellcore analysis method by assuming device failure rate can be generated by the sum of failure rates in each component. 4.3 Certification and Compliance SAFD25M4 complies with the following standards: CE FCC RoHS MIL-STD-810F 4.4 Endurance The endurance of a storage device is predicted by TeraBytes Written based on several factors related to usage, such as the amount of data written into the drive, block management conditions, and daily workload for the drive. Thus, key factors, such as flash configuration, wear leveling, Write Amplifications and the number of P/E cycles, can influence the lifespan of the drive. Capacity TeraBytes Written 4 GB 320 8 GB 640 16 GB 1,280 10 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 32 GB 2,560 64 GB 5,130 Notes: The measurement assumes the data written to the SSD for test is under a typical and constant rate. The measurement follows the standard metric: 1 TB (Terabyte) = 1000 GB. 11 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 5. Electrical Characteristics 5.1 Operating Voltage Table 5-1 lists the supply voltage for SAFD25M4. Table 5-1 SAFD25M4 operating voltage Parameter Conditions Supply voltage 5.2 5V ±5% ( 4.75-5.25 V) Power Consumption Table 5-2 Power consumption (typical) Capacity Mode Active (mA) Stand By (mA) 4 GB 8 GB 16 GB 32 GB 64 GB 250 265 320 335 335 80 80 90 95 95 Note: Power consumptions may vary depending on settings and platforms 12 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 6. Physical Characteristics 6.1 Dimensions Unit: mm 13 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 6.2 Write Protect Switch (optional) Enable Disable Write Protect switch Description of Apacer Write Protect: Apacer implements the Virtual Write scheme that allows write commands to go through the flash controller and data temporarily stored. The OS can then function normally but no data has been actually written into the flash. Since the Virtual Write scheme runs at device level, it requires no software or driver installation and is independent from the host OS. 14 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 7. Product Ordering Information 7.1 Product Code Designations A P S 25M 5 X x x x x – P X X Temperature Range Blank: Standard W: Extended Temperature Flash type T: Toshiba C: Micron Version Control Capacities: 004G = 008G = 016G = 032G = 064G = 4GB 8GB 16GB 32GB 64GB A: Side bracket S: Side bracket and Write Protect Solution version Mini 2.5” Form Factor Serial ATA Flash Drive Apacer Product Code 15 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX 7.2 Valid Combinations SAFD25M4 Capacity Standard Extended Temperature 4GB 8GB APS25M5A004G-PT APS25M5A008G-PT APS25M5A004G-PTW APS25M5A008G-PTW 16GB 32GB 64GB APS25M5A016G-PT APS25M5A032G-PC APS25M5A064G-PC APS25M5A016G-PTW APS25M5A032G-PCW APS25M5A064G-PCW SAFD25M4 with Write Protect Capacity Standard Extended Temperature 4GB 8GB 16GB APS25M5S004G-PT APS25M5S008G-PT APS25M5S016G-PT APS25M5S004G-PTW APS25M5S008G-PTW APS25M5S016G-PTW 32GB 64GB APS25M5S032G-PC APS25M5S064G-PC APS25M5S032G-PCW APS25M5S064G-PCW Note: Please consult with Apacer sales representatives for availability. 16 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX Revision History Revision Description Date 0.1 Preliminary Release 11/17/2011 1.0 Official release 12/02/2011 1.1 Revised capacity information 1/20/2012 1.2 Updated S.M.A.R.T. information 07/13/2012 Added Endurance section 1.3 Updated Product Ordering Information due to firmware upgrade 08/24/2012 1.4 Added Write Protect option 11/02/2012 1.5 Updated Product Ordering Information due to firmware upgrade 06/13/2013 17 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25M5Xxxxx-PXX Global Presence Taiwan (Headquarters) Apacer Technology Inc. th 4 Fl., 75 Hsin Tai Wu Rd., Sec.1 Xizhi, New Taipei City Taiwan 221 R.O.C. Tel: +886-2-2698-2888 Fax: +886-2-2698-2889 [email protected] U.S.A. Apacer Memory America, Inc. 386 Fairview Way, Suite102, Milpitas, CA 95035 Tel: 1-408-518-8699 Fax: 1-408-935-9611 [email protected] Japan Apacer Technology Corp. 5F, Matsura Bldg., Shiba, Minato-Ku Tokyo, 105-0014, Japan Tel: 81-3-5419-2668 Fax: 81-3-5419-0018 [email protected] Europe Apacer Technology B.V. Science Park Eindhoven 5051 5692 EB Son, The Netherlands Tel: 31-40-267-0000 Fax: 31-40-267-0000#6199 [email protected] China Apacer Electronic (Shanghai) Co., Ltd 1301, No.251,Xiaomuqiao Road, Shanghai, 200032, China Tel: 86-21-5529-0222 Fax: 86-21-5206-6939 [email protected] India Apacer Technologies Pvt Ltd, # 535, 1st Floor, 8th cross, JP Nagar 3rd Phase, Bangalore – 560078, India Tel: 91-80-4152-9061 [email protected] 18 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.5